Higher Levels Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF UKRAINIANS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN INVASION

The article examines people's psychological well-being during hostilities at the territory of Ukraine. To perform an empirical study, the whole sample was divided into four groups: active people, passive people, peoples who were displaced to the west of Ukraine, people who went abroad. The performed empirical research revealed that the respondents had mainly an average level of psychological well-being. Gender differences in psychological well-being were determined: men had mostly high or average psychological well-being, women had mostly low one. The age-depending peculiarities of psychological wellbeing were clarified. People aged 18-24 and 25-30 years had mainly an average level of psychological well-being, in contrast to other age categories. Average and high levels of psychological well-being were equally represented in people aged 31-40. As for people aged 41-50 years, they showed medium and low levels of psychological well-being. The youngest study participants, aged 14-17, showed mostly low psychological well-being. Differences in psychological wellbeing depending on places of stay were determined: the respondents who stayed at home mostly had an average level of psychological well-being. In contrast to them, the respondents who left their homes tend to have low psychological well-being. The performed correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of psychological well-being with hardiness, task-solving coping, distraction, helplessness and negative ones with emotion-focused coping, search for social support. Six factors of psychological well-being were determined for the sample in general: “fixation on actively solved problems”, “fixation on own helplessness”, “fixation on negative situations”, “fixation on protective mechanisms”, “avoiding negative situations”, “ability control a situation”. The differences in the factor structure of psychological well-being of those who left their living places and those who remained at home were revealed.

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) as an ability and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that EI as an ability positively correlates with psychological well-being. EI was measured using the Russian-language Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT), conceptually based on the MSCEIT method. Psychological well-being was measured using the Psychological Well-being Scale. The sample consisted of 243 working adults from Russia (61 men, 182 women, average age = 36.1, aged 18 to 67 years). The results showed that higher levels of emotional intelligence were statistically significantly correlated with higher levels of psychological well-being. The experiential domain of EI was the key factor of emotional intelligence associated with psychological well-being. These findings indicate the importance of the impact of EI on the psychological well-being of a person.

Factors of Caregiving Resilience by Race-Ethnicity in a National Sample of Caregivers

Despite heavy burdens and responsibilities, some caregivers are more likely to cope better with their care responsibilities than others, and this could vary by cultural beliefs and norms on caregiving. This study examined contributing factors of resilience with three racial-ethnic groups (White, Blacks, Hispanic). A total of 2,652 caregivers were included from Round 7 of the National Study of Caregiving. Caregiving resilience was defined by higher levels of care demands and higher levels of psychological well-being. Five domains of contributing factors were included: socio-demographic characteristics, context of care, caregivers’ psychological attributes, informal and formal support. Multiple logistic regressions showed that caregivers with higher psychological attribute levels were more likely to be resilient in all three groups. However, unique predictors have also been observed by race-ethnic groups (e.g., Blacks using formal support were more resilient). These findings suggest the need for culturally specific programs to facilitate resilience among caregivers.

The research on the negative emotional states and subjective well-being in cadets of higher military education institutions

The specifics of both military service and educational requirements set high demands on stress tolerance and emotional well-being of cadets, which constitute a part of moral and combat training of military personnel for their professional activity. It is impossible to build an effective combat, academic, and psychological-pedagogical training of future officerswithout knowing their current psycho-emotional state and subjective well-being. The authors translated and adapted a set of methods for screening diagnostics of levels of anxiety, aggression, depression, and subjective well-being in Russian and Kazakh languages in the Kazakhstani sample. These methods are widely used worldwide but have not yet been adapted in Kazakhstan. An empirical study was carried out on a sample of 2 Kazakhstani higher military educational institutions in September and October 2021. A total of 597 cadets took part in the study. Correlational, cluster, and frequency analyses and other methods of nonparametric statistics were utilized, considering specifics of the data distribution and psychodiagnostic methods. The results demonstrate that, in general, most cadets display a low level of aggression (including hostility, physical aggression, anger), anxiety, depression, and a high level of psychological well-being. However, the frequency analysis shows that 18.4% of cadets report the presence of mild, moderate, and high anxiety; 13.07% report not quite comfortable or uncomfortable mental state (subjective ill-being); 36.5% experience a mild, moderate, and high levels of depression; 3 % of cadets display increased aggression level compared to average standard scores. Although the absolute values of anxiety, depression and aggression do not seem to be high, age, language, and the year of study influence their salience in future officers. The cluster analysis revealed the variables that contribute the most to the level of subjective well-being. The results will make it possible to develop more effective targeted psychological-pedagogical interventions aimed at enhancing the morale of cadets, creating an optimal psychological atmosphere for training cadets and preventing destructive and delinquent behavior among students of military institutions. Key words: negative emotional states, subjective well-being, cadets of higher military educational institutions, aggression, depression, anxiety.

Job Stress and Coping Strategies as Predictors for Psychological Wellbeing among Malaysian Anti-Drug Professionals

Existing studies have suggested that job stress and coping strategies are among the key factors of psychological wellbeing. Yet, the information on how these psychological factors contribute to psychological wellbeing in Malaysian anti-drug professionals is still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the predicting roles of job stress and coping strategies on psychological wellbeing among Malaysian anti-drug officers. The participants were consisted of 1454 staffs from the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) aged from 21 to 59 who completed online self-report measures of job stress, control and avoidant coping strategies, and psychological wellbeing. Descriptive analysis indicated that majority of the respondents reported high levels of psychological wellbeing and avoidant coping strategy, but lower levels of job stress and control coping strategy. A multiple regression analysis showed that job stress was related to lower psychological wellbeing while control coping strategy was related to higher psychological wellbeing. Overall, the findings highlight the needs to consider job stress and coping strategies to understand psychological wellbeing among Malaysian antidrug professionals. Also, this study recommended future research to consider longitudinal research design to better understand the directions of the relations among the studied variables.

The Experience of Working With Individuals Who Sexually Offend.

Providing treatment to those who have committed sexual offenses can be difficult and challenging work. Older studies have suggested that service providers may experience changes in mood, symptoms of trauma, and countertransference reactions due to their work. Recent research has found that effective coping and self-care strategies may mitigate these negative outcomes. Given the relative dearth of recent empirical studies, we assessed the prevalence of self-reported mood, trauma symptoms, and countertransference reactions and their relation to coping styles and self-care practices in a sample of 32 male and 52 female therapists who provided treatment to individuals convicted of sexual offenses. As expected, we found minimal levels of clinically significant depressive (4%) and trauma symptoms (9%). Some countertransference reactions to clients were reported, including intense anger, retributive fantasies, sexual attraction, and arousal. A problem-solving coping style was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while avoidant coping was related to increased depressive and trauma symptoms. Approximately 10% of therapists with an abuse history reported re-experiencing their own victimization. The majority of therapists reported engaging in self-care practices. The findings are discussed as they pertain to those who provide services to individuals convicted of sexual offenses.

The individual development of cultural identity and psychological well-being among adolescents with a migrant background in Austria: A longitudinal study.

Research has shown that cultural identity and psychological well-being are associated. We suggest that negative stereotypes challenge the psychological well-being of people with a migrant background. This research focused on the dynamics of adolescents' ethnic/racial identity (ERI), national identity, stereotype vulnerability, and psychological well-being on the individual level. The study was conducted in Austria over the course of one school year, providing insights on developmental implications of cultural identity for adolescents with a migrant background in Europe. The sample consisted of 317 (T1) adolescents with a migrant background, recruited at Austrian high schools (age: M = 15.19, SD = 1.11; 233 female; ethnic background: mainly Turkey and Ex-Yugoslavian countries). Longitudinal data from a three-wave study were analyzed by means of a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. Within-person effects provided a better explanation than the between-person approach. Within-person processes suggest that higher levels of ERI commitment and higher national identity predict higher levels of psychological well-being at a later time point, whereas higher levels of ERI exploration and higher stereotype vulnerability predict lower levels of psychological well-being. At the between-person level, findings indicate a positive correlation between ERI exploration and stereotype vulnerability. The cultural identity and psychological well-being of adolescents with a migrant background fluctuate over time, influenced by the social context. Stereotype vulnerability contributes to lower levels of psychological well-being among adolescents with a migrant background in Austria. Our findings highlight the necessity to partition the variance of constructs to avoid confounding of between-person and within-person effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Creativity and uncertainty tolerance as a resource for the psychological well-being of an individual

The objective of the work was to establish the features of creativity and uncertainty tolerance in people with different levels of psychological well-being. An empirical study of the level of manifestation of psychological well-being of the studied group and the relationship between the components of creativity and tolerance for uncertainty was conducted. The study was conducted using a set of psychological techniques aimed at determining the level of psychological well-being, uncertainty tolerance, creativity and their components. Qualitative methods of data processing are used. The study found that people with high levels of psychological well-being have close relationships between the indicators of the components of psychological well-being, creativity and uncertainty tolerance. Instead, these relationships are significantly fewer among people with low levels of psychological well-being.

The Prediction of Psychological Well-Being Based on Gratitude, Social Support and Self-Esteem

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of psychological well-being based on gratitude, social support and self-esteem among students. Method: This research was a non-experimental and correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all bachelor students of Yasouj University in the academic year of 2019-2020, among whom 360 were selected through a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using Gratitude Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Cronbach's alpha was applied to check the reliability in which the results indicated an appropriate reliability for these scales. Results: The findings of this study showed that there was a correlation between variables including gratitude, social support, self-esteem and psychological well-being. In addition, gratitude, social support and self-esteem significantly predicted psychological well-being. Conclusion: According to the results of this study it can be concluded that grateful people who have social support, with high self-esteem experience a higher level of psychological well-being.

The Role of Self-compassion and Hope in the Relationship Between Psychological Wellbeing, Maladaptive Schemas, Resilience, and Social Support in Women With Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Psychological disorders often threaten the mental health of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Higher levels of psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction provide these patients with better social relationships and greater biopsychological health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological wellbeing, early maladaptive schemas, resilience and perceived social support mediated by self-compassion and hope in women with MS. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted from August to October 2019. The study population consisted of all female patients with MS who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Milad Hospital, and Charity Foundation for Special Diseases in Tehran City, Iran. Using the stratification convenience sampling method, 300 patients were recruited as the study sample. The research instruments included the Self-Compassion Scale, Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Wellbeing, and the Adult Hope Scale. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. SPSS and AMOS were used for analyzing the collected data. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between self-compassion, hope, resilience, perceived social support, and psychological wellbeing (P<0.01). There was also a negative relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological wellbeing in the study participants (P<0.01). The indirect path analysis data indicated that self-compassion and hope played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support, resilience, early maladaptive schemas, and psychological wellbeing (P<0.01). Conclusion: The designed model fitted the empirical data very well. Therefore, the research components can help researchers, therapists, and psychiatric nurses to design better procedures to care for patients with MS.

Psikolojik İyi Oluşun İş Becerikliliği Üzerine Etkisi

Günümüzde, bireylerin çevresiyle iyi ilişkiler kurabilmesi, kişiliğine olan olumlu tutumu, geçmişiyle barışık olması, hayatında belli bir amacının ve hedefinin bulunması ve tek başına kararlar alabilmesi gibi etkenler kişinin psikolojik iyi oluş seviyesini belirleyen bazı unsurlardır. Psikolojik iyi oluş seviyesi yüksek olan çalışanlar görevlerini yerine getirirken ufak değişiklikler yaparak işlerini daha kolay ve eğlenceli hale getirmekte ve bu durum iş becerikliliğiyle bağdaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik iyi oluşun iş becerikliliği üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bankacılık sektöründe görev yapan 235 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada; Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği ve İş Becerikliliği Ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada değişkenler arasındaki bağlantıları ölçmek için korelasyon analizi, nedenselliği ölçmek için regresyon analizi ve ölçeklerin uygunluğunu ölçmek için faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre psikolojik iyi oluşla iş becerikliliği arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, psikolojik iyi oluşun iş becerikliliğinin alt boyutu olan “görev becerikliliği”, “bilişsel beceriklilik” ve “ilişkisel beceriklilik” ile pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyi yüksek olan çalışanların hem görev düzeyinde hem bilişsel düzeyde hem de ilişkisel düzeyde iş beceriklilikleri de yüksek olmaktadır. Yazın taraması sonucunda psikolojik iyi oluşun iş becerikliliği üzerine etkisini araştıran bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu yönüyle yazına katkı sağlaması ve bulguları itibariyle tüm araştırmacılara destek olması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışanların işlerini yaparken amacını ve kapsamını değiştirmemesi koşuluyla ufak değişiklikler yapılmasına üstler ve yöneticiler tarafından izin verilebilir. Bu durum çalışanların işlerinden daha keyif almasına katkı sağlayacağı gibi işe olan bağlılıklarını ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerine de katkı sağlayacaktır. Çalışanların psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini destekleyici etkinlikler düzenlenebilir. Üstler tarafından çalışanların farkındalık düzeylerini artırmak için sorumluluklar verilebilir. Bu şekilde çalışanın güçlü yönlerini tanıması, bağımsız kararlar verebilmesi ve sınırlılıklarının farkında olması sağlanır.

Neuroscience-Informed Psychoeducation for Recovery: A Program to Promote Metacognition in People With Substance Use Disorders

Introduction:A brief neuroscience-informed psychoeducation program (Neuroscience-Informed Psychoeducation for Recovery [NIPER]) was developed to promote awareness (metacognition) in the main cognitive domains affected by drug and alcohol use to increase willingness to invest time and effort in the brain and cognition recovery process. The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the NIPER program and its potential effectiveness in increasing metacognition, psychological wellbeing, and willingness for the brain and cognition recovery programs among patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs).Methods:A total of 56 patients with SUDs were recruited from four outpatient treatment centers in Tehran City, Iran. They participated in four 90-min weekly sessions delivered adjunct to their routine treatment. The program’s effectiveness was measured in terms of metacognition and psychological wellbeing at baseline and the end of the program. The rate of adherence and participation and willingness to continue with brain and cognition recovery programs were measured as feasibility outcomes.Results:A total of 51 participants completed the study. Compared to the baseline assessments, patients reported more problems in dimensions of attention, memory, inhibitory control, decision making, motor/speech, interoception, insight, and a higher level of psychological wellbeing (t=4.66; P<0.001). In terms of feasibility outcomes, the adherence and participation rates were found above 85%. Most participants expressed their high willingness to continue the brain and cognition recovery programs (86.2%) and would introduce NIPER to their peers (98%).Conclusion:Considering the pilot results in terms of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of NIPER in the clinical context of addiction treatment, we think that NIPER is a potentially beneficial intervention to be offered to people with SUD. It would increase their awareness and engage them in the brain and cognition recovery process. However, the clinical efficacy of the intervention should be tested in future randomized clinical trials.

Beneficial Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on the Well-Being of a Female Sample during the First Total Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.

The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdown have been widely recognized as traumatic events that pose threats to psychological well-being. Recent studies reported that during such traumatic events, women tend to be at greater risk than men for developing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Several studies reported that a mindfulness-based stress reduction protocol (MBSR) provides useful skills for dealing with traumatic events. In our study, a sample of Italian females received an 8-week MBSR course plus 6 weeks of video support for meditation practice during the first total lockdown in Italy. We assessed the participants with questionnaires before and after this period to investigate their mindfulness skills, psychological well-being, post-traumatic growth, and psychological flexibility. After the intervention, the meditators group reported improvement in measures associated with self-acceptance, purpose in life, and relation to others compared to the control group. Furthermore, our results showed that participants with greater mindfulness scores showed high levels of psychological flexibility, which in turn was positively associated with higher levels of psychological well-being. We concluded that the MBSR could support psychological well-being, at least in female subjects, even during an unpredictable adverse event, such as the COVID-19 lockdown, by reinforcing key psychological aspects.

Cultural Participation in Later Life Among Older-aged Immigrants in the Czech Republic

The first aim of the study is to compare the intensity of participation in cultural activities among natives, first- and second-generation immigrants in Czech Republic. The second aim is to examine whether the participation in those activities improves the emotional and psychological well-being of first-generation immigrants compared to the natives. The empirical analysis relies on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2017. We perform a system of simultaneous ordered probit models. To further improve our estimates, we apply an instrumental variables (IV) approach to reduce the endogeneity issue. The results show that natives report higher levels of psychological well-being, but there is no difference in cultural participation between the second-generation immigrants and natives. First-generation immigrants participate less frequent-ly, except attending a sports match, where we find no difference in the frequency. However, in the majority of the cases, we conclude that immigrants participating in those activities are more likely to improve their well-being. Furthermore, there is no difference in cultural participation between immigrants and natives in areas characterized by high net migration rates. On the other hand, a lower frequency of participation is found in the areas with low net migration rates, indicating that migration and diversity in an area may encourage participation in the cultural activities explored in this study. Finally, the length of residence and mixed marriages are related with a higher frequency of cultural participation. The findings suggest that fostering accessibility of cultural activities and migration policies should be regarded.

The Degree to which the Leaders of Public Schools in Riyadh City Practice Toxic Leadership and its Relationship to the Level of Psychological Well-being of Teachers from their Perspectives: درجة ممارسة قادة المدارس الحكومية بمدينة الرياض للقيادة السامة وعلاقتها بمستوى الرفاه النفسي للمعلمين من وجهة نظرهم

This study aimed to reveal the degree of public-school leaders 'practice in Riyadh city of toxic leadership, the level of psychological well-being and the relationship of the two variables with each other from the teachers' point of view in those schools. The researchers used the descriptive survey approach, a questionnaire designed by researchers consisting of (45) items distributed on two axes, and it was applied to a random sample of (252) teachers. The results showed that the degree of school leaders ’practice of toxic leadership obtained an overall average of (1.60 out of 5). That is, with a (low) rating, and that the level of psychological well-being obtained an overall average of (3.40 out of 5), that is, a (high) rating. It also revealed the existence of a statistically significant positive relationship between toxic leadership and psychological well-being, reaching 0.15 and indicating a very weak relationship, With no statistically significant differences in the strength of the correlational relationship due to the effect of gender, experience, or educational stage. Based on the results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals to prevent toxic leadership and maintain a high level of psychological well-being among teachers.

Psychological Well-Being in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Associated With Obesity: The Relationship With Personality, Cognitive Functioning, and Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome severely affects psychological well-being. This syndrome frequently occurs in obesity; however, no previous study has investigated the level of psychological well-being in the case of OSA syndrome associated with obesity. In this work, we assessed the level of psychological well-being in fifty-two individuals affected by OSA syndrome and obesity through the Psychological General Well-Being Index. Moreover, we investigated the role of personality, cognitive functioning and attentional capabilities, subjective perception and objective measurement about sleeping, on the subjective perception of psychological well-being. Our sample reported a lower level of psychological well-being; the participants’ scores were below the normative cut-off in all components, except for depression symptoms. A lower expression of harm avoidance temperament and a lower level of daily sleepiness predicted a higher level of psychological well-being. Psychological well-being seemed to be severely affected in individuals affected by OSA syndrome and obesity. The temperament and subjective perception of daily alertness and sleepiness, rather than the syndrome severity, seemed to play a crucial role in the individual perception of the psychological well-being.

Comparing the Psychological Well-Being of the Manjo Ethnic Minority with the Non-Manjo Ethnic Group in Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia

This study examined the level of psychological well-being between the Ethnic Minority group, commonly called “Manjo,” and the majority group called “Gomero.” Psychological well-being questionnaires were administered to a sample of 298 (independent sample from both groups). The findings demonstrated that the non-Manjo (Gomero) Ethnic group possessed a considerably high level of psychological well-being. Statistical differences were found in participants’ psychological well-being across Ethnic groups. According to the results, participants from the Manjo Ethnic Minority group had a lower level of psychological well-being (M = 211.27, SD = 17.51) compared to the majority (Gomero). A statistically significant variation in psychological well-being (theoretically embodied across a broad spectrum of measurement units) among the two independent study groups was reflected.

Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Well-Being in Very Pre-Term and Term Born Adolescents: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Two Accelerometry Studies.

This study examined whether physical activity is associated with better mental health and well-being among very preterm (≤32 weeks) and term born (≥37 weeks) adolescents alike or whether the associations are stronger in either of the groups. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry in children born very preterm and at term in two cohorts, the Basel Study of Preterm Children (BSPC; 40 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 59 term born controls aged 12.3 years) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; 45 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 3137 term born controls aged 14.2 years on average). In both cohorts, emotional and behavioral problems were mother-reported using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Subjective well-being was self-reported using the Kidscreen-52 Questionnaire in the BSPC and single items in the MCS. Hierarchical regressions with ‘preterm status × physical activity’-interaction effects were subjected to individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. IPD meta-analysis showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower levels of peer problems, and higher levels of psychological well-being, better self-perception/body image, and school related well-being. Overall, the effect-sizes were small and the associations did not differ significantly between very preterm and term born adolescents. Future research may examine the mechanisms behind effects of physical activity on mental health and wellbeing in adolescence as well as which type of physical activity might be most beneficial for term and preterm born children.

Mental Well-Being of Students of Pedagogy at Ho Chi Minh City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The well-being of students refers to the psychological, cognitive, and social functioning of the life of students. The Vietnamese undergraduate students are under a great deal of burden and pressure, that makes examining their well-being more necessary than ever. Aim: To examine the Vietnamese Pedagogy students' well-being. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from April 2018 to September 2018, on Four hundred and seventy-six students (128 males and 348 females) at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Education on completed paper-based questionnaires that included demographic items. Our research utilised the Mental Health Continuum Short Form in Vietnamese, which surveyed Vietnamese pedagogy undergraduates. The scale was developed with an aim of creating a brief self-rating assessment tool which accesses three components of well-being: emotional, social, and psychological. The emotional well-being subscale including 3 items is defined as positive effects/satisfaction with life. Social well-being includes social contribution, social integration, social actualisation, social acceptance, and social coherence. Finally, six items represent psychological well-being: self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, personal growth, autonomy, and purpose in life. To achieve this goal, descriptive statistics were used for describing the sample statistics and conclusion. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 was used for data analysis. Frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation were used to analyse descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A convenience sample of 476 (response rate of 600 questionnaires distributed at 79.3%) Vietnamese students from the Ho Chi Minh City University of Education was studied which included 128 males (26.9%) and 348 females (73.1%). The majority of the participants (78.6%; n=372) were born in Ho Chi Minh City, and 21.4% (n=102) were born in other provinces of Vietnam. Regarding their academic year, 50.4% (n=240), 18.9% (n=90), 13.2% (n=63) and 17.5% (n=83) were respectively represents, sophomore, junior, and senior, respectively. The results indicated that Vietnamese Pedagogy students had a high level of psychological well-being (M=2.99, SD=1.12) and emotional well-being (M=2.96, SD=1.26), while their social well-being (M=2.40, SD=1.12) was medium. Conclusion: Pedagogy students in Vietnam had a high level of psychological well-being, emotional well-being, and medium level of social well-being. All results obtained after this research are indispensable to understand the pedagogy undergraduates’ well-being. This research was conducted with the notion that it would act as a stimulant in extending related work to improve pedagogy students' well-being.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА

The results of a comparative empirical study of the psychological well-being of people of elderly age are presented in the article. We tried to test the hypothesis that the psychological well-being of people in elderly age is determined by a number of social factors (involvement in professional activities and the presence of close interpersonal relationships). We tried to determine which components cause a high level of psychological well-being in the elderly age. In the result of the study we found that working respondents have more autonomy than non-working respondents. They have a high degree of responsibility and high self-esteem. They are satisfied with the quality of their lives. The connection between marital status as a factor of close interpersonal relationships and levels of psychological well-being of a people in elderly age was not found. It was found that average and high levels of psychological well-being of people of elderly age are determined by such components as a high subjectness of personality, selfworth, meaningfulness of life, presence of life goals, life satisfaction, satisfaction with the results of life, ability to life management, interest in life, positive self-esteem, positive mood, consistency in achieving goals and consistency between the set and achieved goals.