Higher Levels Of Life Satisfaction Research Articles

Psychological Characteristics of a Person Showing the Need for Control in Interpersonal Relationships: the Level of Aggression and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of the study: to identify the psychological characteristics of a person who shows the need for control in relationships: the level of aggression and life satisfaction. Subject of study: the need for control in relationships, the level of aggression and life satisfaction in adults. The study sample consisted of 105 people, including 73 women and 32 men aged 20 to 62 years (M age = 38). Research methods: testing, methods of mathematical statistics (Spearman's rank correlation method, Mann-Whitney U-test); fundamental interpersonal relations orientation-behaviour, FIRO-B by W. Schutz, adapted by A. A. Rukavishnikov; satisfaction with life scale, SWLS, by E. Diener, adapted by E. N. Osin, D. A. Leontiev; methodology for determining the integral forms of communicative aggressiveness V. V. Boyko. As a result of the study: 1) a direct relationship is shown between the need of an adult to control others and his level of satisfaction with life; 2) it has been shown that the need to control others is much higher in adults who are characterized by a high level of life satisfaction; 3) there is no significant relationship between the level of aggression and the need to control others / experience control from others; 4) it has been shown a direct relationship between the need to experience control from other people and the level of self-aggression in an adult. Scientific novelty: the study expands the theoretical understanding of the psychological characteristics of a person who shows the need for control in relationships, fixes the relationship of the need for control with life satisfaction and auto-aggression. Scope of the results: from a practical point of view, understanding the phenomena that accompany the need for interpersonal control can be the basis for choosing a strategy for providing psychological assistance to a person to harmonize his relationships.

Nostalgic Social Media Use and Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Physical and social distancing practices mandated during the COVID-19 pandemic posed serious threats to mental health on a global scale. Drawing upon the literature on nostalgia as a coping resource and the psychological benefits of nostalgic media use, we investigated the relationship between nostalgic social media use and psychological well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic, considering perceived self-continuity as a mediator. An online survey conducted with a U.S. sample in June 2021 (Study 1; N = 485) showed that nostalgic social media use was positively associated with greater perceived self-continuity, which, in turn, positively predicted emotional well-being. These findings were replicated and extended by a follow-up online survey conducted with a South Korean sample in October 2021 (Study 2; N = 1,510). In addition to replicating the mediation results from Study 1, Study 2 demonstrated that the mediation was significantly moderated by household type (single-person vs. multiperson household). Specifically, those living alone, compared to those living with one or more cohabitants, were more likely to benefit from nostalgic social media use, maintaining higher levels of life satisfaction amid the global health crisis. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Difference in well-being between handball players and ones not physically active

Subjective well-being is a good indicator of the individual's psychological health. High levels of subjective well-being have been found in adolescents who are regularly physically active, less prone to negative emotions, more easily able to cope with life's problems and challenges, have a lower body mass index, and exhibit higher levels of life satisfaction. The participants in this research were adolescents from the Republic of Croatia, N = 756, of which 407 (53.8%) were handball players and 349 (46.2%) were adolescents from the control group not physically active. The research was conducted in elementary schools and handball clubs with adolescents in 2006 and 2007. Instruments used in this research are Life Satisfaction Scale and PANAS. Adolescent handball players are more satisfied with life, they express higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect compared to adolescents who are not involved in some form of kinesiology activities.

Analyzing the relationship between income and life satisfaction of Forest farm households - a behavioral economics approach

Neoclassical economic theory assumes that absolute income is positively associated with individuals' experienced utility. Behavioral economics literature has provided diverse views on the relationship between income and subjective wellbeing. Using a unique survey dataset of forest farm households in Fujian Province, China, this study investigates the relationship between absolute and relative income and the life satisfaction of forest farm households. Specifically, we empirically tested the three properties derived from the prospect theory，namely reference dependence, loss aversion, and diminishing sensitivity. The results provided evidences to support the reference dependence property, demonstrating that the relative and average incomes of the social reference group are more important than the absolute income of individual farm households. Higher relative income was found to be associated with a higher level of life satisfaction among forest farm households, while the loss aversion property was also confirmed. However, we found no evidence to support the diminishing sensitivity property. As the first paper to apply the behavioral economics approach to investigate the subjective wellbeing of forest farm households, our results showed both relative income and income inequality posed positive impacts on life satisfaction of the forest farm households, which provided empirical evidences to validate tunneling effects under China's context. We also believe that the positive spillover effects of public goods contribute to the promotion of forest farmers' life satisfaction, which highlights the pivotal role of policy implementation in optimizing the distribution of income among forest farm households.

Research and analysis of educational strategies in the development process based on educational psychology

Life is the basis of all material human activities and a prerequisite for the development of human society. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised at the National Education Conference in 2018 that the concept of health-first education should be established, and that party committees and governments at all levels should also underpin the safety of school operations and protect the lives of students. At present, the vast majority of university students in China have a scientific awareness of life, a positive attitude towards life and a high level of life satisfaction, but with the continuous development of the market economy and the satisfaction of material resources, some students also have a weak sense of responsibility for life and diluted ideals and beliefs, which have seriously affected the life safety and value realization of our university students. Therefore, in the face of the current situation, how to enhance the effectiveness of life values education for university students is a realistic question that must be answered. Based on the development requirements of the new era, this paper examines the development requirements under the new era and the new needs of society for student education in the new era.

ВПЛИВ ЧАСОВОЇ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА ОСОБИСТІСНИХ РИС НА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ БІЖЕНЦІВ У ЄВРОПІ

Background. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to a sharp increase in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Europe. Due to the war and the subsequent need to adapt to new socio-cultural conditions, the mental health of this population is particularly vulnerable. People who have been forced to leave their country experience significant stress and are prone to developing symptoms of anxiety and depression. While psychopathology in this context has been well researched, protective factors that could potentially contribute to a better adjustment of Ukrainian refugees in the new environment have been less frequently studied. Accordingly, this study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of time perspective and personality traits in influencing the psychological well-being of Ukrainian refugees. Methods. A sample of 599 Ukrainian refugees from different European countries was studied using three key instruments: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, short version (ZTPI-15), the Big Five Personality Inventory, short version (BFI-10), and the Singer-Wheeler Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS). Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between these constructs. Results. Both time perspective and personality traits were shown to predict subjective well-being significantly. In particular, refugees who demonstrate greater openness, emotional stability, and friendliness report higher levels of life satisfaction. Similarly, positive orientations toward the past and future were associated with increased well-being, while negative orientations were associated with decreased well-being. In contrast, conscientiousness, extraversion, and fatalistic orientation to the present were not significant predictors of subjective well-being, which is at odds with some existing literature. Conclusions. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both time perspective and personality traits in understanding the psychological well-being of Ukrainian refugees. They also point to the potential benefits of interventions to develop adaptive time perspectives and positive personality traits. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate such interventions.

A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PRISONERS IN ROMANIAN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

Objectives. The aim of the study is to create a psychological profile of inmates by assessing personality dimensions based on the duration of their sentences, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of incarceration on individuals' psychological aspects. Material and methods. The data used were collected between July 2021 and August 2022. A total of 857 participants were selected from prisons. The data were stored in the EXCEL 2019 program and processed in the SPSS 26.0 statistical program. All data were analyzed at the group level. The instruments used in the study were: the Freiburg Personality Inventory revised form (FPI-R) that contains 12 dimensions and an item from the Omnibus questionnaire (duration of sentence). Results. In order to compare the effect of the duration of incarceration on personality, a statistical ANOVA analysis was performed. The 857 participants were divided into three groups based on the duration of their sentence. According to the results, inmates with a sentence duration of less than 3 years indicated significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and social orientation scales, compared to respondents with a sentence duration over 3 years (F (2,844) = 13.460, p = .000). Regarding the dimension of solicitation, inmates with a sentence duration of less than 3 years scored significantly higher than those with a sentence duration over 3 years (p = .000). Conclusions. The research results show that support and rehabilitation interventions should take into account the relationship between personality dimensions and the duration of sentence. Keywords: personality, inmates, incarceration, prison.

A guided online ACT intervention may increase psychological well-being and support school engagement in adolescents

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which initial levels and changes in ninth-grade adolescents' (n = 243) psychological well-being were associated with their school engagement after the transition to upper secondary education. In addition, we investigated whether a brief guided online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention program delivered during ninth grade was associated with adolescents’ subsequent school engagement through changes in their psychological well-being. MethodLatent growth modeling (LGM) was used to examine the levels of and changes in well-being during ninth grade. Next, school engagement (measured by school satisfaction and dropout intentions) at the first year of upper secondary education was added to the model as a distal outcome variable. Finally, we examined the indirect effects of an online ACT intervention on subsequent school engagement through changes in psychological well-being. Effects of gender and academic achievement were controlled for in all analyses. ResultsA higher level of life satisfaction at the beginning of ninth grade predicted higher engagement in upper secondary education, whereas increased depressive symptoms during ninth grade predicted lower engagement in upper secondary education. Also, participation in the brief guided online ACT intervention during ninth grade promoted school satisfaction through decreased depressive symptoms. ConclusionsThe results suggested that psychological well-being and changes in psychological well-being during the final year of basic education are associated with school engagement after the transition to upper secondary education. The results also suggested that a brief guided online ACT intervention may increase psychological well-being, which can, in turn, support later school engagement.

The effect of information and communications technology use on the well-being of older Hong Kong Chinese adults

ABSTRACT The use of information and communications technology (ICT) has increased across all regions and age groups. However, little research has examined older adults’ use of ICT for different purposes. To address this research gap, the current study investigates the effects of ICT use for four purposes – social, leisure, financial, and medical – on the well-being of older adults. Most importantly, this study explores whether social support from friends may account for the observed positive effects of ICT use for social and leisure purposes. A total of 525 Hong Kong Chinese adults aged 60 and above (M age = 68.7, SD = 6.27, Range = 60–100 years) completed an interview session to measure their ICT use for various purposes, social support from friends, and well-being indicators, including life satisfaction, positive and negative emotions and cognitive functioning. The results demonstrate that ICT use for all four purposes was associated with more frequent positive emotions and improved cognitive functioning. Moreover, ICT use for leisure and financial purposes was associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and fewer negative emotions. Social support was found to partially account for the effects of ICT use for social and leisure purposes on life satisfaction and positive emotions. These findings suggest that ICT use for all purposes is beneficial to older adults, and that ICT use may improve the emotional well-being of older adults by allowing for greater support from friends.

RECENT ADVERSITY AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS: ROLE OF GENDER AND NEIGHBORHOOD COHESION

Abstract A growing body of literature suggests that recent adversity impedes psychological wellbeing. Little is known about whether living in a cohesive neighborhood could buffer the negative consequences of adverse experience and whether such associations vary by gender. This study aims to examine the association of recent adverse events and perceived life satisfaction among Chinese older adults, and to explore the potential moderating role of gender and neighborhood cohesion. Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted with community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above in Anhui Province, China in 2014 (N=1,960). Recent adversity was measured by six events in the past two years (health decline, economic difficulty, loss of intimate people, loss of an important item, major life event, conflict with family or close friends/neighbors). Multilevel ordered logit regression with interaction term of adversity and neighborhood cohesion was performed. Models were further conducted on stratified samples to compare gender differences. Individuals experiencing any recent adverse event are 84% less likely (p=.008) to report a higher level of life satisfaction. Living in neighborhoods with better cohesion increased the likelihood of reporting better life satisfaction by 6% (p=.031). Modeling on the stratified samples showed that the above-mentioned significant relationships hold for male sample only. Recent adversity may negatively affect life satisfaction among Chinese older adults. Living in neighborhood with higher levels of cohesion could help buffer such negative influences, particularly for older men. Findings highlight the critical role of neighborhoods in combating the negative psychological consequences of adversity among Chinese older adults.

DOES KNOWLEDGE MATTER? AN INVESTIGATION INTO KNOWLEDGE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND CAREGIVER BURDEN

Abstract A caregiver for someone with Alzheimer’s disease often experiences burden, which can negatively impact their own physical and mental health, social participation and network, and financial stability (Chaio et al.; 2015, George & Gwyther, 1986). There is much interest in determining how to mitigate burden and studies suggest knowledge of the disease and recognizing positive aspects of caregiving may help reduce burden (Abdollahpour et al., 2018; Graham et al., 1997). The purpose of this study was to better understand how certain caregiver characteristics may impact burden. Participants (N=112) completed questionnaires regarding burden, disease knowledge, specific characteristics, and their caregiver experience. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between knowledge, burden, and caregiver characteristics. There was no significant correlation between burden and knowledge (p =.457), but burden was significantly correlated with positive aspects of caregiving (p <.001) and life satisfaction (p <.001). To better understand how well these two variables predicted burden, a multiple regression was conducted, R² = .352, F(2, 90) = 24.48, p < .001. Our findings provide further evidence that a focus on the positive aspects of caregiving and higher levels of life satisfaction are predictors of reduced caregiver burden. Some prior studies suggested knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease led to decreased burden, whereas other studies found more knowledge increased anxiety, thus increased burden (Zawadzki et al., 2011). Our failure to find a correlation between knowledge and burden levels suggests this relationship may not be straightforward and future research needs to explore more specific aspects of this question.

The Mediation Effect of Job Crafting on the Effect of Learning Orientation on Life Satisfaction: A Research on Bank Managers

Günümüzün yoğun rekabetçi iş ortamında yenilikçilik ve öğrenme odaklılık sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli olabilmektedir. Ayrıca, yaşam tatmini düzeyleri yüksek olan bireyler hem kendilerini hem de çevrelerini daha olumlu değerlendirebilmektedirler. İş zanaatkârlığı ise işgörenlerin yaptıkları değişiklikler aracılığıyla hem bireye hem de örgüte yönelik olumlu sonuçlar elde etmek amacıyla sergilenebilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, öğrenme odaklılığın yaşam tatmini üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi ve bu etki üzerinde iş zanaatkârlığının rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma amacı çerçevesinde kolayda örnekleme yoluyla, Güney Marmara bölgesindeki Balıkesir, Bilecik, Bursa, Çanakkale ve Yalova illerinde kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan 480 banka yöneticisine anket uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, korelasyon analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma bulguları kapsamında, öğrenme odaklılığın yaşam tatminini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği ve bu etkide iş zanaatkârlığının da kısmi aracılık etkisi tespit edilmiştir.

The mediating role of psychological resilience between social participation and life satisfaction among older adults in China.

A significant correlation has been discovered between social participation and older adults' life satisfaction, but the relationships among social participation, psychological resilience, and life satisfaction remain to be confirmed. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction for Chinese older adults and to analyse the possible mediating role of psychological resilience between these two aspects. Data on 15,779 people aged 65years and above were extracted from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Social participation was classified into two levels: low-level involvement activities and high-level involvement activities. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to analyse the correlations between the two levels of social participation and older adults' life satisfaction as well as the mediating effects of psychological resilience on this association. The results indicate that two levels of social participation were each positively correlated with life satisfaction. Specifically, high-level involvement activities (β = 0.070, P < 0.001) were more strongly associated with life satisfaction than low-level involvement activities (β = 0.051, P < 0.001). Moreover, psychological resilience was found to partially mediate the association between low-level involvement activities and high-level involvement activities and life satisfaction. A higher level of life satisfaction for older adults is related to participation in high-level involvement activities. Psychological resilience has a mediating effect on the association between two levels of older adults' social participation and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that the government and society should establish a more concrete understanding of the psychological resilience of older adults.

Multidimensional vulnerability among older adults in Germany : Social support buffers the negative association with life satisfaction.

Multidimensional vulnerability among older adults, characterized by low levels of individual resources in different life domains, has been insufficiently studied. This phenomenon is considered to be associated with amarked decrease in overall life satisfaction. Social support is supposed to buffer the negative effect of multidimensional vulnerability on life satisfaction. Analyses are based on the German Health Update dataset (GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS). The analytic sample includes respondents ≥ 65years (N = 5826). Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to construct alatent variable from the indicators income poverty, activities of daily living (ADL) limitations, multimorbidity, mental problems, and living alone. Multivariate linear regression models estimate the relationship between vulnerability and life satisfaction with a special focus on the interaction between vulnerability and social support. The analyses supports the multidimensional construct of vulnerability. Social support considerably moderates the negative relationship between vulnerability and life satisfaction. As the degree of vulnerability increases, the influence of social support becomes more pronounced. The assessment of vulnerability as amultidimensional construct helps to depict the life situation of older people in amore differentiated way. Vulnerable older adults with asmall or unreliable social network while finding it difficult to access practical help need additional external social support to achieve ahigh level of life satisfaction.

Spatial Analysis of Individuals Life Satisfaction in Turkey Within The Context of Socioeconomic Factors

Özet&#x0D; &#x0D; Amaç: İktisat biliminin temel argümanlarından biri, kaynakların kıt, ihtiyaçların ise sınırsız olmasıdır. Genel olarak bireylerin yaşamdan beklentilerinin yüksek olabileceği düşünülse de fizyolojik, güvenlik gibi en temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması dahi bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeylerini arttırabilmektedir. Bir ülkede sınır komşusu olan bölgelerin sosyoekonomik yapısı benzerlik gösterdiğinden bir bölgede yaşam memnuniyet düzeyindeki değişme, bu bölgeye sınır komşusu olan bölgelerde aynı yönde değişme oluşturacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyinin Türkiye’nin 26 alt bölgesinin (ikinci düzey Türkiye İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması -İBBS-) sınır komşu olan bölgelerinde yayılım gösterip göstermediği ve bireylerin yaşam memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörlerin mekansal veri analiziyle belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. &#x0D; &#x0D; Yöntem: Çalışmada Türkiye’nin 26 alt bölgesinde bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeylerinin mekansal bağımlılığı, 2013 yılı için mekansal veri analiziyle araştırılmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından yayınlanan yaşam memnuniyeti anketi, il düzeyinde sadece 2013 yılında yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle analiz 2013 yılı için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizde yer alan değişkenler için 2013 yılı TÜİK ve Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) verileri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre mekansal regresyon modellerinden mekânsal otoregresif model çalışma için en uygun model olarak belirlenmiştir. &#x0D; &#x0D; Bulgular: SAR model sonucuna göre bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyi sınır komşusu bölgeler arasında yayılım göstermektedir. Bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyini ortalama günlük kazanç ve bölgenin aldığı iç göç pozitif yönde etkilerken; işsizlik oranı, yüksekokul ve fakülte mezunları, malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçlar ve şiddet suçları negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Yine SAR model sonucuna göre, kişi başına gayri safi yurt içi hasıla ve tüketici fiyat endeksinin bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyine etkisi bulunmamaktadır. &#x0D; &#x0D; Sonuç: Bir ülkede bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyinin yüksek olması, ülkenin sosyoekonomik yönden gelişmişliğinin bir göstergesi olduğu kabul edilebilir. Bu nedenle bireylerin yaşam memnuniyetini etkileyen sosyoekonomik faktörlerin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bir ülkede bireylerin yaşam memnuniyet düzeyinin sınır komşu olan bölgelerde yayılım göstermesi ise, bölgeler arasında sosyoekonomik yönden farklılıkların giderilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. &#x0D; &#x0D; Özgünlük: Konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalarda analiz yöntemi olarak çoğunlukla lojit ve probit modeller ve sabit etkili panel veri modelleri kullanılmıştır. Mekansal veri analiz yöntemi uygulayan çalışmalara rastlanmamıştır. Yine analizde suç türleri ve bölgelerin aldığı göç oranına bağımsız değişkenler olarak yer veren Türkiye için yapılmış çalışmalara rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenlerle çalışmanın özgünlük oluşturduğu düşünülmektedir.

An Evaluation of Improving Psychosocial Life Satisfaction among Older Adults in Taiwan Day Care Centers Using Life Review Work.

This study examined the effects of life review therapy on the life satisfaction levels of older adults in day care centers in Taiwan. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 88 adults aged 65 and older were recruited from day care centers through convenience sampling and assigned to two groups based on their level of life satisfaction on Life Satisfaction Index A. The intervention groups participated in a life review therapy for eight weeks in addition to their daily activities. Data were collected at the baseline point and immediately after post-intervention. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the effect of the intervention on the outcomes. At week eight, the intervention group showed a significantly higher level of life satisfaction than the comparison group. These findings suggest that life review programs may improve general life satisfaction among older adults.

Impact and Analysis of the Renovation Program of Dilapidated Houses in China on Poor Peasant Households’ Life Satisfaction: A Survey of 2617 Peasant Households in Gansu Province

In developing countries, housing difficulties and environmental problems for poor peasants are prominent. In 2008, China began to explore pilot projects for the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and has achieved remarkable results. This paper examines the impact of China's Renovation Program of Dilapidated Houses on the life satisfaction of poor peasant households. Using firsthand survey data of four poverty-stricken counties in Gansu Province and the Propensity Score Matching method, we find that the program significantly improves the poor peasant households' life satisfaction, with a greater impact on non-poverty-stricken villages and general-assurance households. In the mechanism analysis, we find that these positive treatment effects are mainly driven by the increases in wage income and operating income. In addition, we relax the assumption of parallelism and use the Generalized Ordered Logit model to further explore how this impact varies between groups. We show that people with a high level of life satisfaction are more significantly affected by the program. This study provides evidence that a sustainable living environment can improve the overall wellbeing of rural residents.

Well-Being and Mental Health in Teachers: The Life Impact of COVID-19.

The impact of the pandemic on teachers' mental health has also been an important issue. The aim of the study was to analyze the vital impact of COVID-19, spirituality, and the use of social-emotional strategies on teacher well-being, mediated by mental health. The sample was non-random, inviting all teachers in a city North of Chile to participate in the study. The sample consisted of 624 teachers. A total of 74.4% were women and 25.6% were men. The mean age was 44.1 and the standard deviation was 11.9. A total of 56.4% belonged to public schools and 43.6% belonged to subsidized schools. Structural equations were used to analyze the data, finding a mental health mediating effect between the death of a close person, affected areas and family history with life satisfaction. Spirituality and the use of socio-emotional strategies self-applied by the teachers had no direct relationship with their mental health, so their mediating effect in relation to life satisfaction was discarded. Teachers who used social-emotional strategies, as well as those who reported higher levels of spirituality, obtained greater satisfaction with life, both general and specifically. Women had higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology, but also higher levels of life satisfaction. The implications are discussed.

Comparing the impact of social support on the life satisfaction of widowed and non-widowed elders.

To compare differences in life satisfaction between widowed and non-widowed elders based on social support. A total of 4,560 widowed and 3,655 non-widowed elders were selected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS-2018). Ordinal logistic regression models and t-tests were performed using SPSS v20. Both widowed and non-widowed elders had high levels of life satisfaction. Personal characteristics had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of both widowed and non-widowed elders. Endowment insurance, social trust, residence, self-rated health, and living with family had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of widowed elders (p < 0.001), while endowment insurance, government subsidy, and self-rated health significantly impacted non-widowed elders (p < 0.001). Self-rated health had the greatest impact on the life satisfaction of widowed and non-widowed elders (OR = 4.62/4.45), followed by endowment insurance (OR = 1.24/1.32). Social support can significantly improve life satisfaction, but its impact is heterogeneous. Informal social support plays a greater role in improving the life satisfaction of widowed elders, but formal social support plays a greater role in the life satisfaction of non-widowed elders.

Deriving Meaning from Chaos: The Mediating Role of the Sense of Coherence in the Serial Relationships among Fear of COVID-19, Indices of Psychological Distress, and Life Satisfaction.

The current study focused on the role of the sense of coherence (SOC) in the serial relationships among the fear of COVID-19, indices of psychological distress, and life satisfaction. It examined the hypothesis that an SOC would mitigate the impact of the fear of COVID-19 on psychological distress, which in turn would positively impact life satisfaction. Participants were school teachers (N = 355) who completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the short form of the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. A path analysis confirmed the mediating role of the dimensions of the SOC in the relationships among the fear of COVID-19, indices of psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Specifically, comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability were found to mediate the associations between the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety, and the fear of COVID-19 and hopelessness, which in turn were associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. The findings confirmed that an SOC is an important source of resilience. Interventions that facilitate the re-appraisal of stressors as challenges and enhance the awareness of practical coping strategies can build an SOC and promote mental health.