High Level Of Availability Research Articles

(Dis)United Kingdom? Potential for a common approach to energy poverty assessment

The UK has an extensive research base in the field of energy poverty, to the extent that other countries have based their policy approaches on the UK model. Despite this, there is no common method for measuring this condition across the UK. Additionally, sustaining meaningful reductions in UK energy poverty remains a challenge. While significant regional differences in UK energy poverty have been identified, it is not possible to draw direct comparisons between devolved countries. This paper explores the causes of these regional differences and contests that a common measurement across the UK countries would be insightful for resource allocation and policy design. The potential for applying a common multidimensional method of energy poverty assessment across the UK countries is investigated, with a strong focus on the value and viability of this process. Findings demonstrate that while there is a high level of data availability for input into a high spatial resolution index, this data is not compatible between countries and would have to undergo a process of data and metrics equivalisation before direct comparisons could be drawn. With increasing interest in the potential of multidimensional indexes to guide EU energy poverty policy, this paper provides useful insights into the practicalities of upscaling indexes between varied socio-political contexts.

Development of an Autonomous Redundant Attitude Determination System for Cubesats

This work deals with the problem of the design of an autonomous redundant system for the attitude determination of nanosatellites. The system consists of a circuit board equipped with three microcontrollers, a magnetic field sensor in three axes, and complementary commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) components and connectors to provide data signal exchange the vehicle on-board computer. The main goal of this system, named SDATF (of the acronym in Portuguese Sistema de Determinação de Atitude com Tolerância a Falhas), is to provide autonomously the vehicle attitude from the information collected from the onboard computer (OBC) and the magnetometer. The adopted attitude determination algorithm is based on the well-known QUEST method, and the goal of this system is to get accurate attitude computations to low-orbit CubeSat satellites using COTS electronic components, and to provide highly reliable data and high availability levels using fault tolerance tools to avoid the harmful consequences of spatial radiation and its faults known as single event upsets (SEU). The article presents the general design of the fault-tolerant systems and experimental tests using bit flip injection methodology.

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) – An IoT Integrated Services for Industry 4.0 : A Review

Internet of Things (IoT), an inter-connecting technology comprising devices, objects, information, people and data, as a global internetwork for building intelligent systems. Such systems play a vital role in automating data sensing, machine and manufacturing process monitoring, product quality checking and lactation based smart shipping in real world industrial environment with integrity and interoperability. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) provides the integrated development environment for industries to build intelligent interconnected systems that uses the various IoT devices and bring the cyber and physical world together with higher level of availability and scalability. In this paper, we reviewed the transition of various IoT based systems to IIOT with the insights of concepts, devices and technologies of IoT and IIoT integrated applications which outlines the various trends and applications of Industry 4.0.

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine.

Mines and caves are unusual ecosystems containing unique fungi and are greatly understudied compared to other environments. The Soudan Mine in Tower, MN, an iron ore mine that closed in 1963 after operating for 80 years, was sampled to explore fungal diversity and to investigate taxa that tolerate heavy metals for potential bioprocessing technologies or as sources of bioactive molecules for drug discovery and possible biocontrol for white-nose syndrome (WNS) of bats. The mine is 714 m deep, has 18 levels and contains large quantities of wooden timbers, in contrast to many other oligotrophic subterranean environments. Fungi were cultured from samples and the ITS region was sequenced for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results show Ascomycota are the dominant fungi followed by Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. Out of 164 identified taxa, 108 belong to the Ascomycota and 26 and 31 to Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, respectively. There are also 46 taxa that do not match (<97% BLAST GenBank identity) sequenced fungal species. Examples of the most commonly isolated Ascomycota include Scytalidium sp., Mariannaea comptospora, Hypocrea pachybasidioides, Oidiodendron griseum and Pochonia bulbillosa; Basidiomycota include Postia sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Calocera sp., Amylocorticiellum sp.; Mucoromycota include Mortierella parvispora, M. gamsii, M. hyaline, M. basiparvispora and Mortierella sp. Unusual growth forms were also found including large quantities of black rhizomorphs of Armillaria sinapina and white mycelial cords of Postia sp. mycelium, as well as Pseudogymnoascus species growing over large areas of mine walls and ceiling. The mine environment is a relatively extreme environment for fungi, with the presence of high levels of heavy metals, complete darkness and poor nutrient availability. Several genera are similar to those isolated in other extreme environments but phylogenetic analyses show differences in species between these environments. Results indicate this subterranean environment hosts a wide diversity of fungi, many of them not found in above ground environments.

Availability of essential medicines in primary care in Vietnam

ABSTRACT Background: The constant availability of essential medicines at primary care is important for credibility and equity of healthcare services, especially for disadvantageous population. Methods: This study used the existing data to evaluate the availability of 30 essential medicines in 78 district health centers (DHCs) and 246 commune health stations (CHSs), located in 6 ecological regions in Vietnam. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the number of medicines, level, and percentage of availability. Analytical statistics were used to determine the differences between commune and district level. Results: On average, DHCs had 15.5 (SD = 4.5), and CHSs had 10.5 (SD = 5.3) of 30 medicines. 56.4% DHCs had fairly high or high level of availability. Meanwhile, the rate at commune level was only 24.8%. None of the surveyed health facilities had enough 30 selected medicines. The study findings showed considerable variation in the availability of medicines across ecological regions, therapeutic groups; as well as among medicines for chronic and acute diseases, or over-the-counter and prescription ones. Conclusions: The study demonstrated a poor availability of essential medicines across all levels of primary healthcare in Vietnam. Policymakers of the Drug administration and Health insurance department should soon work together to develop and regulate such a list of essential medicines.

Поживний режим чорнозему вилугуваного та продуктивність зернової ланки за тривалого удобрення сівозміни

Goal. To study the effect of legumes predecessors and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the nutritive regime of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat as well as grain chain productivity at long-term (over 50 years) application of different systems of organomineral fertilizing in conventional and alternative crop rotations. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Changes were fixed of the nutrient status of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat and productivity of grain link at the long-term application of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation, as well as at introduction of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers under winter wheat, and its further cultivation after different legumes predecessors. The data were got concerning the content of mobile forms of nutrients in leached chernozem and their impact on the productivity of grain link. It was established that the fund of mineral nitrogen in soil depended mainly on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers which were entered under winter wheat, as well as on the legumes predecessor. The reserves of mobile phosphorus and potassium in leached chernozem depended on the duration and background of organic and mineral fertilizers which were used in crop rotation. Conclusions. The best conditions of the nitric mode of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat were formed for its cultivation after clover with the use of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60. Fund of mobile phosphorus in the soil in agrocenose of winter wheat was formed mainly due to long-term (over 50 years) application of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation. An annual application of 64 kg pf phosphorus (N43P43K43 + 8,3 t of manure for 1 ha of the area of crop rotation) with fertilizers (for 1 ha of crop rotation) had formed a high level of availability of soil phosphorus in the range of 309–323 mg/kg. That exceeded the control without fertilizer on 133–138 mg/kg of soil. Such a fertilizing system stabilized in crop rotation the content of mobile potassium in the soil at the level of 102–123 mg/kg. That corresponded to the average level of benefit and exceeded the control without fertilizers on 29–43 mg/kg of soil. The highest productivity of the grain crop rotation was achieved at the use of clover as the predecessor and long-term (50 years) entering of N43P43K43 + 8,3 tons of manure (or by-products) per 1 ha of crop rotation: yield of fodder units — 8.02 t/ha, the yield of grain — 3,33 t/ha of the link of crop rotation.

Availability and reliability modeling of VM migration as rejuvenation on a system under varying workload

Cloud computing serves as a platform for diverse types of applications, from low-priority to critical. Some of these applications require high levels of system availability and reliability. Developing methods for cloud computing availability and reliability evaluation is of utmost importance. In this paper, we propose a set of models for availability and reliability evaluation of a virtualized system with VMM software rejuvenation enabled by VM migration scheduling. To improve models fidelity with a real environment, we added a specific sub-model to represent the aspects of workload variation. Our main goal is to find the proper VM migration schedule to maximize system availability and to analyze the impact of such a schedule on the system reliability. Our results include the following: (1) the appropriate rejuvenation schedule to maximize availability in each proposed scenario; (2) downtime reduction when comparing the system with and without rejuvenation; and (3) reliability analysis of different scenarios of workload variation considering the proper rejuvenation schedules. The evaluation results comprise from systems without high workload demand (peakDuration = 0 h per day) to systems with only high workload demand (peakDuration = 24 h per day). Our results show a significant improvement in availability and reliability due to VM migration scheduling. In scenarios with a heavy workload, the downtime avoidance caused by software rejuvenation surpasses 3.39 days, and the reliability gain passes 86%.

CSTI-300 (SMP-100); a Novel 5-HT3 Receptor Partial Agonist with Potential to Treat Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Carcinoid Syndrome.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin) 5-HT3 receptor represents a clinical target for antagonists to deliver symptomatic relief to patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-d) or carcinoid syndrome. Unfortunately, this pharmacological strategy can present side effects (e.g., severe constipation). The present study investigates the potential of a novel 5-HT3 receptor partial agonist, CSTI-300, to treat patients with IBS-d and other conditions associated with discomfort from colonic distension, with a predicted reduced side-effect profile. The in vitro and in vivo preclinical pharmacology of the drug CSTI-300 was investigated to explore the potential to treat patients with IBS-d. CSTI-300 displayed selective high affinity for the human and rat 5-HT3 receptor (Ki approximately 2.0 nM) and acted as a partial agonist (approximately 30%-50% intrinsic efficacy) in vitro. In an in vivo model of IBS-d, the rat colon distension model, CSTI-300 displayed dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, oral administration of CSTI-300 to dogs that achieved plasma levels of the drug exceeding the Ki value for the 5-HT3 receptor failed to either evoke emesis or alter the state of feces. Pharmacokinetics for CSTI-300 in rat and dog identified high levels of oral availability with t 1/2 range of 1.6-4.4 hours. The preclinical pharmacology of the lead candidate drug, CSTI-300, supports the potential of this novel drug to offer symptomatic relief to patients with irritable bowel syndrome and carcinoid syndrome with a rationale for a reduced "on-target" side-effect profile relative to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as alosetron. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is a lack of effective current treatment for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and carcinoid syndrome, and in both conditions, overactivity of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT3 receptor is thought to be implicated in the pathophysiology. Because 5-HT3 receptor blockade with antagonists results in significant side effects, we present evidence that treatment with a suitable 5-HT3 receptor partial agonist will alleviate some symptoms associated with these conditions yet, without fully inhibiting the receptor, predict a less pronounced side-effect profile associated with this therapeutic strategy.

Highly Available Nuclear Power for Mission-Critical Applications

Some energy consumers require power on an anytime, all-year-round basis with a high level of certainty, including defense installations, isolated communities, and some industrial processes. For these customers, interruptions in electricity or heat can mean substantial financial loss or even loss of life. In the absence of grid-scale energy storage, a high level of power availability can be accomplished only through the robustness and redundancy of power generators. The NuScale small modular reactor design is well suited to provide highly available power because of several features related to both the nuclear steam supply system and the overall plant design. In analogy to Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) systems used to provide highly reliable data storage, a NuScale plant can assure sustained power generation by virtue of its Redundant Array of Integral Reactors (RAIR).This paper describes the NuScale RAIR plant features and summarizes the results of a rigorous analysis of RAIR availability as a function of power or, conversely, the RAIR plant output power as a function of power availability. The analysis utilized the Matrix Laboratory code (MATLAB) and included probability distributions for the frequency and duration of module outages due to planned and unplanned events. The study also evaluated the impact of implementing turbine bypass rather than module shutdown and using one or more modules to supply house loads in the case of loss of off-site power (LOOP). Availability results are presented for a 12-module RAIR plant with and without turbine bypass enabled during a LOOP and for different possible connections to the off-site power distribution grid and dedicated service loads. Results indicate that a very high level of availability can be achieved at relatively high power output levels, regardless of turbine bypass and dedicated load connection, compared to the operating fleet.

Low‐level dissolved organic carbon subsidies drive a trophic upsurge in a boreal stream

Abstract Energy pathways in stream food webs are often driven by allochthonous basal resources. However, allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is generally viewed as a minor if not insignificant basal resource because much of the DOC pool comprises high molecular weight, recalcitrant compounds and is inefficiently incorporated into biomass. Nevertheless, there is increasing evidence that the relatively small, labile fraction of DOC may indeed fuel microbial activity to a level that stimulates productivity across multiple trophic levels, resulting in a trophic upsurge. Here, we tested the trophic upsurge hypothesis by subsidising the labile DOC pool of an Alaskan boreal stream that had relatively high nutrient availability but low levels of naturally occurring DOC. We continuously added ecologically relevant (0.250 mg C/L, c. 10% increase above ambient bulk DOC) concentrations of labile DOC (acetate‐C) for 62 days to a treatment reach that was statistically indistinguishable in its channel form and chemistry from an upstream reference reach. We measured responses of periphyton production and biomass, whole reach metabolism and nutrient uptake, benthic invertebrate abundances, and juvenile salmonid (Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma) abundance and growth. Measurements of basal ecosystem responses collectively indicated increased energy mobilization at the base of the food web in response to labile DOC addition. Periphyton bacterial production in the treatment reach was generally &gt;1.5× reference reach values, and periphyton ash‐free dry mass, chlorophyll‐a, and chlorophyll‐a:ash‐free dry mass were all greater in the treatment reach by the end of the study. Throughout dosing, ecosystem respiration was 1.3× greater in the treatment reach and dissolved inorganic nitrogen uptake was greater in the treatment reach on eight out of nine measurements. Benthic invertebrate counts, dominated by Baetis spp. and Chironomidae, were c. 4× greater after 28 dosing days and c. 8× greater after 56 days in the upstream portion of the treatment reach. Abundance generally declined with increasing distance from the dosing station. Dolly Varden fry and parr age classes were nearly 2× more abundant in the upstream portion of the treatment reach than in any section of the reference reach and also declined with increasing distance from the dosing station. Further, Dolly Varden tagged with passive integrated transponders prior to the experiment had significantly higher instantaneous growth rates in the treatment reach than those recaptured in the reference reach. The strong consumer responses to small quantities of labile DOC mirrored significant treatment reach increases in basal ecosystem function and therefore demonstrated a response consistent with a trophic upsurge. Terrestrial DOC has historically been viewed as contributing little to metazoan consumers, instead modulating the influence of nutrients and being respired out of a disconnected microbial loop. Because we dosed the treatment reach with a relevant concentration of labile DOC, based on measurements in nearby peatland‐draining streams, we suggest that terrestrial DOC deserves more attention as a basal resource for whole food webs, akin to nutrients fuelling green (autochthonous) pathways.

Principles of a regional strategy for the development of the food market in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region

The food market is an important element of each country’s economy. Its high rates of development contribute to the high rate of development of the economy as a whole. The high level of availability of food produced domestically forms national food security. The article analyzes the development of the food market in recent years, identifies key factors affecting its development. The rationale for the need to move to a new stage in the development of the food market – the formation of a two-tier management system – has been formulated. The author justifies the choice of strategy as a priority document, with the help of which it is possible to achieve the maximum result of development. The choice of the food market in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region as an object of development strategy is substantiated. The food market of the regions of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region is one of the largest markets in the country in terms of the volume of consumption of products and the total retail turnover. St. Petersburg, which implements the strategy for the development of socio-economic development until 2030, is the leading domestic region in the field of strategy. Forming a strategy for the development of the food market will strengthen this status. The implementation of the objectives of the food market development strategy contributes to the implementation of strategies for the socio-economic development of territories, strengthening its position in the ranking of regional competitiveness, attracting additional investments, and developing the infrastructure of the region. Based on the strategy of V.L. Kvint has developed a hierarchy of strategies with the definition of a place in it for the development of a regional food market. Ten principles were formed on the basis of which it is possible to form a regional strategy for the development of the food market in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The formulated principles are distributed according to the formed classification of principles.

Improved Proofs Of Retrievability And Replication For Data Availability In Cloud Storage

Abstract For a high level of data availability and reliability, a common strategy for cloud service providers is to rely on replication, i.e. storing several replicas onto different servers. To provide cloud users with a strong guarantee that all replicas required by them are actually stored, many multi-replica integrity auditing schemes were proposed. However, most existing solutions are not resource economical since users need to create and upload replicas of their files by themselves. A multi-replica solution called Mirror is presented to overcome the problems, but we find that it is vulnerable to storage saving attack, by which a dishonest provider can considerably save storage costs compared to the costs of storing all the replicas honestly—while still can pass any challenge successfully. In addition, we also find that Mirror is easily subject to substitution attack and forgery attack, which pose new security risks for cloud users. To address the problems, we propose some simple yet effective countermeasures and an improved proofs of retrievability and replication scheme, which can resist the aforesaid attacks and maintain the advantages of Mirror, such as economical bandwidth and efficient verification. Experimental results show that our scheme exhibits comparable performance with Mirror while achieving high security.

Tuning combined steam and dry reforming of methane for “metgas” production: A thermodynamic approach and state-of-the-art catalysts

Nowadays, combined steam and dry reforming of methane (CSDRM) is viewed as a new alternative for the production of high-quality syngas (termed as “metgas”, H2:CO of 2.0) suitable for subsequent synthesis of methanol, considered as a promising renewable energy vector to substitute fossil fuel resources. Adequate operation conditions (molar feed composition, temperature and pressure) are required for the sole production of “metgas” while achieving high CH4, CO2 and H2O conversion levels. In this work, thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of CSDRM has been performed using Gibbs free energy minimization where; (i) the effect of temperature (range: 200–1000 °C), (ii) feed composition (stoichiometric ratio as compared to a feed under excess steam or excess carbon dioxide), (iii) pressure (range: 1–20 bar) and, (iv) the presence of a gaseous diluent on coke yields, reactivity levels and selectivity towards “metgas” were investigated. Running CSDRM at a temperature of at least 800 °C, a pressure of 1 bar and under a feed composition where CO2+H2O/CH4 is around 1.0, are optimum conditions for the theoretical production of “metgas” while minimizing C(s) formation for longer experimental catalytic runs. A second part of this work presents a review of the recent progresses in the design of (principally) Ni-based catalysts along with some mechanistic and kinetic modeling aspects for the targeted CSDRM reaction. As compared to noble metals, their high availability, low cost and good intrinsic activity levels are main reasons for increasing research dedications in understanding deactivation potentials and providing amelioration strategies for further development. Deactivation causes and main orientations towards designing deactivation-resistant supported Ni nanoparticles are clearly addressed and analyzed. Reported procedures based on salient catalytic features (i.e., acidity/basicity character, redox properties, oxygen mobility, metal-support interaction) and recently employed innovative tactics (such as confinement within mesoporous systems, stabilization through core shell structures or on carbide surfaces) are highlighted and their impact on Ni0 reactivity and stability are discussed. The final aspect of this review encloses the major directions and trends for improving synthesis/preparation designs of Ni-based catalysts for the sake of upgrading their usage into industrially oriented combined reforming operations.

Performance Evaluation of First Hop Redundancy Protocols

High level of availability can be expensive to maintain, but lack of availability may also increase cost as it may damage the reputation of the business. Which led to the development of techniques that reduce downtime until it became transparent to the user. The first hop redundancy protocols are protocols used to manage and maintain network default gateway router by using one or more redundant routers that will take over in case of default router failure. The First Hop Redundancy Protocols (HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP) will be implemented, tested, optimized, and compared to one another in terms of convergence time, packet loss and CPU utilization, by using GNS3 simulator and Wireshark the results of comparison will be provided and analyzed. The comparison indicates that which protocol is best in which scenario and which is best among the three protocols.

Phytoplankton functional groups succession and their driving factors in a shallow subtropical lake

The succession of phytoplankton functional groups and environmental variables were investigated from January to December 2018 in a shallow subtropical lake, East Taihu Lake, located in the Yangtze Delta of China. Altogether, 125 genera, 21 functional groups, and 7 predominant functional groups, D (Fragilaria acus, Synedra acus, and Nitzschia spp.), P (Fragilaria capucina and Aulacoseira granulate), MP (Oscillatoria spp., Diploneis ovalis, Gomphonema angustatum, Nitzschia palea, and Achnanthes spp.), Y (Cryptomonas ovata, Cryptomonas erosa, Chroomonas acuta, and Ceratium spp.), H2 (Anabaena spp.), M (Microcystis spp.), and W1 (Euglenoids spp.), were identified, and these predominant functional groups exhibited strong seasonal variations. Groups Y and W1 dominated from winter to spring when temperature and light were low. The external pollution load and high levels of nutrients entered the lake in June, allowing group M to become dominant, even ultimately triggering Microcystis blooming. Meanwhile, the abundance of aquatic plants in summer, combined with high levels of transparency and light availability, resulted in Group M being replaced by Group P and then Groups M and H2 rebounding in autumn. The redundancy analysis revealed that water temperature, nutrients, and light availability (Zeu/Zmix) were the key factors promoting phytoplankton succession. The ecological assessment results demonstrated a good ecological status based on the assemblage index (Q average = 3.0). This work emphasizes the fact that temperature, nutrients, and light were the driving factors for phytoplankton dynamics, and aquatic plants and external pollution were important external factors for the succession of phytoplankton.

Architectural Considerations for Blockchain Based Systems for Financial Transactions

Systems supporting financial dealings at an enterprise scale must be able to handle large volumes of transactions in a secure manner while maintaining high level of operational availability. These systems must also have the flexibility to interface with many third-party applications with ease. In this paper we explore these architectural considerations for systems supporting financial transactions using the blockchain technology. We identify the strengths of this technology in achieving the qualities associated with these architectural considerations and suggest architectural tactics that can be used to overcome its weaknesses. A reference architecture is presented along with a prototype that implements this architecture using Iroha, a commercially available financial ledger for blockchain systems.

Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia

Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.

Activated Carbons from Pyrolysis of Peanut Shells as Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

The utilization of low-value, abundant and sustainable biomass materials for high-value energy storage application is remarkable important nowadays. Among the most promising next generation energy storage batteries, we can find lithium-sulfur batteries that have a high theoretical specific capacity and high energy density. In the present article we propose the use of peanut shells, a regional industrial waste of high availability and polluting level, as a source of carbonaceous material for the preparation of sulfur cathode of this kind of batteries. Different carbons were obtained from pyrolysis of peanut shells by changing the conditions of the synthesis, which was performed through acid or basic pre-treatment of the biomass. The effects of these treatments in the physical characteristics of the carbonaceous materials and their performance as cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries were studied. Chemical treatments of shells before pyrolysis , as well as the post-pyrolysis treatment of the produced carbons have , influence impact on the porosity of the final materials , and therefore on their electrochemical performance. The best electrode carbon was obtained from acid-treated peanut shells (and washed after pyrolysis) obtaining an initial specific capacity of 778 mAh/g with high cycling stability and a coulombic efficiency higher than 95 %. We also compare the performance of the best peanut shells-derived biocarbon with one commercial carbon (Super P). In this work, we study a simple route to develop low-cost carbon materials arising from residual ?? biomass which may extend their use in energy storage applications.

Complementary optimal age maintenance (COAM) policy for repairable systems

A Complementary Optimal Age Maintenance (COAM) policy is proposed in this work for repairable systems which require high level of availability and safety standard by exploiting the comparative advantage of minimum expected cost-based optimal age replacement policy and maximum limiting availability-based optimal age replacement policy. The failure distribution, cost of preventive and failure maintenance and downtime of preventive and failure maintenance, which affect the age at which an operating system is replaced, were used to formulate the expected cost and limiting availability functions for repairable systems.

Nutrient regime of agrochernozems in oilseeds cultivation in the Kansk forest-steppe

The study was conducted on chernozem-type soils prevailing in the Kansk forest-steppe. The aim of the investigation is to study the temperature and nutrient regime of agrochernozems in spring rapeseed and camelina sativa cultivation. By the period of oilseeds sowing, the temperature did not reach a stable transition through + 5°C of the soil layer at the depths of 0-20 cm. From May to June, the soil temperature sharply increases up to +13-16°C, and in July it warmed up to 29-30°C. In August, agrochernozems cooled up to + +5-12°C. It has been found that a 0–20 cm layer of the camelina sativa agrocenosis is on average in 2°C warmer than rapeseed. The quantitative parameters resulting from the processes of ammonification and nitrification in the oilseeds agrocenoses are inversely related. The differences in the quantitative estimation of mineral nitrogen in the rapeseed and camelina sativa agrocenosis are not statistically proven. The initial identical high availability level of labile phosphorus in the oil crops agrocenoses is associated with the predecessor. The decline of this indicator in the rapeseed and camelina agrocenosis to a low level of security in the July period is due to its expenditure on the formation of plant productivity. The availability of exchangeable potassium for agrochernozems in agrocenoses is average, but in absolute terms it is higher in soils of camelina sativa agrocenosis.