Higher Income Levels Research Articles

Dementia prevention strategies in Low and Middle Income Countries: A systematic review

AbstractBackgroundAmidst the global efforts to target potentially modifiable dementia risk factors, Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) have been described as having considerable potential for prevention. Although there is growing interest in the design, testing and implementation of preventive strategies, most of the existing literature focuses on countries with higher income levels. This systematic review aims to 1) describe the approaches that have been tried in LMIC to prevent dementia in adults over 50 years old at high risk 2) explore the key potential mechanisms and contexts associated with a positive outcome.MethodWe conducted our search on appropriate electronic databases for articles published between January 2010 to January 2023. We included all primary research intervention studies meeting a priori criteria. Our primary outcomes were any change in cognition, and/or dementia diagnosis. Two authors are independently reviewing articles and assessing study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). We will narratively synthesise results.ResultIn line with current literature on dementia prevention, and due to both the diversity of populations and the broad range of possible approaches, we expect heterogeneity of studies with mixed results. We also expect multi‐domain interventions to be reported as the most effective.ConclusionThis project will add to current knowledge on how dementia prevention is being approached in the context of LMIC. Findings will allow us to understand which factors make local interventions work and inform the implementation of preventive strategies for people at high risk of dementia.

Research on the Impact of Social Networks on Employment

In order to have a better quality of life, people need to achieve a higher level of income. As work is one of the most important ways to earn income, people seek more and better employment opportunities in the labour market in order to earn a higher income. Social networks, with their homogeneous aggregation and weak ties, not only help employers to a certain extent to quickly find potential labour that is suitable for the job, but also play an important role in helping people to obtain better employment opportunities. This article will explore both parts. The paper will first analyse the characteristics of homogeneity and weak ties, and then, through case-specific interview statistics, explain how social networks promote employment and improve employment opportunities. This study shows that homophily benefits employment via shared similarity among employees, emphasizing strong social connections. Weak ties aid employment by giving job seekers with weaker relationships better opportunities, underlining the role of weaker connections in jobs.

Commuters opinion on public transport services in mega cities: the case of Istanbul buses

Using public transport is an important part of daily routine of many people in large cities and consumes considerable time and financial resources. Enhancing public transport can help in encouraging less use of privately owned motor vehicles and, therefore, in emitting less greenhouse gases. Hence, there is a need to improve public transport and make it more attractive than private motor vehicles. This study aims to assess commuters opinion on several aspects related to using public buses in Istanbul with the ultimate aim of making them more attractive than private motor vehicles. A total of 620 randomly selected bus commuters responded to a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose. Satisfaction rates with most aspects related to public buses were found to be high. Nevertheless, non-parametric test results revealed that female commuters recorded significantly lower satisfaction rates than male commuters on many aspects related to public buses. Results also revealed that a significant minority of commuters walk for long distances to the nearest bus stop or wait for very long times for the next bus to come. Moreover, results revealed that commuters of older ages and higher income levels recorded significant higher satisfaction rates than others. Results also show that the majority of commuters support increasing bus fees during peak hours in order to minimize crowdedness during these hours. Implications of these results for decision makers in megacities on ways to encourage the use of public buses are discussed at the end.

The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Access to Biologics in Psoriasis

Background: Since the introduction of biologics for psoriasis, uptake has been uneven and limited. Few studies have investigated the influence of socioeconomic factors on access to biologics. Objective: To investigate how socioeconomic factors influenced access to biologics. Methods: Biologic-naïve patients in the Swedish National Register for Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis (PsoReg) for the years 2006–2014 were included. For patients who remained on nonbiologic treatments during their entire registration (n = 1851), the most recent registration was analyzed. For patients who began treatment with biologics during registration in PsoReg (n = 665), the last observation before initiation of biologics was analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to investigate whether education and income influenced the probability of a switch to biologics, whilst adjusting for demographic and individual factors such as age, sex, disease severity, and clinical characteristics. Results: The odds ratio of access to biologics was 1.8 (CI = 1.3–2.6) in the group with a high level of disposable income, compared with the middle-income group. No differences were found concerning educational levels. The odds ratios of access to biologics decreased with age. Patients with psoriatic arthritis had odds ratios of access to biologics which were more than 50 percent higher, controlling for other variables. High disease severity, in terms of physician- and patient-reported severity, increased the odds ratios of access to biologics. Conclusions: The higher-income group had better access to biologics than the middle-income group when adjusting for disease severity and lifestyle factors. This may not only be an equity problem, as a better allocation of society’s resources might have resulted in a higher overall effectiveness of biologics.

Spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors of tourism ecological security in Fujian Province

The scientific assessment of tourism ecological security holds significant theoretical and practical importance in promoting the sustainable development of the tourism economy and the ecological environment in the region. This study focuses on 84 counties within Fujian Province as its research scope. By utilizing the DPSIR model and integrating the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), we have established an evaluation index system for assessing tourism ecological security in the region. The tourism ecological security index was quantitatively determined using the SBM-DEA model. Subsequently, a combination of methods, including spatial autocorrelation, exploratory regression analysis, and the GWR model, was employed to explore the spatial and temporal evolution patterns, as well as driving factors affecting tourism ecological security from 2010 to 2019. The findings reveal the following insights: (1) Overall, the level of tourism ecological security within Fujian Province is low, with a decreasing disparity in the security index across different regions. The tourism ecological security mainly falls within the “unsafe” and “relatively unsafe” categories; however, regions with higher security levels are exhibiting an expanding trend. Moreover, the tourism ecological security of each county is improving, with Southern and Central Fujian outperforming other regions. (2) Notably, there is significant spatial correlation among the tourism ecological security of each county in Fujian Province, indicating pronounced agglomeration characteristics. (3) Key drivers contributing to the spatial–temporal disparities in tourism ecological security encompass tourist-related disturbances, income levels of local farmers and herders, tourism-generated income, and government interventions. Among these factors, higher income levels for farmers and herders, increased tourism income, and proactive government intervention have a positive impact on tourism ecological security, whereas tourist disturbances exert a negative influence. Additionally, the impact of each factor on tourism ecological security displays noticeable spatial heterogeneity.

Meta Analysis: Effects of Family Support, Family Income, and Domestic Violence on Postpartum Depression

Background: Postpartum depression is a form of depression that occurs during the puerperium with specific symptoms that appear 4-6 weeks after delivery and can last for months, affecting the happiness and emotional relationship between mother and child. This study aims to analyze the effect and estimate the size of the effect of family support, family income levels and domestic violence on the incidence of depression among postpartum women with a meta-analysis.
 Subject and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: postpartum mothers. Intervention: strong family support, high family income levels and domestic violence. Comparison: weak family support, low family income level and no domestic violence. Outcome: postpartum depression. The online databases used are Google Scholar, Hindawi, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate. There were 18 cross-sectional studies published in 2013-2023 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.
 Results: Meta-analysis of 18 articles with cross-sectional research designs from different countries, with a sample size of 29,638 research subjects. The results of the meta-analysis show that there is an effect of family support on the risk of postpartum depression. Mothers who received high family support had a risk of experiencing postpartum depression by 0.69 times lower compared to those who received low family support (aOR= 0.69; 95% CI= 0.38 to 1.27; p=0.240). Mothers with high family income levels have a risk of experiencing postpartum depression by 0.50 times lower compared to low family income levels (aOR= 0.50; 95% CI= 0.28 to 0.90; p=0.020). Mothers who experience domestic violence have a risk of postpartum depression by 4.20 times higher compared to those who do not experience domestic violence and the relationship is statistically significant (aOR=4.20; CI 95% =2.56 hingga 6.88; p<0.001).
 Conclusion: Strong family support and high levels of family income reduce the risk of postpartum depression. Meanwhile, domestic violence increases the risk of postpartum depression.
 Keywords: Postpartum Depression, Family suport, Family income, Domestic violence.
 Correspondence: Noris Hadi Sri Mulyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: hadinoris@gmail.com. Mobile: 08157996639

Sustainable Investment Attitudes Based on Sustainable Finance Literacy and Perceived Environmental Impact

The aim of this study is to examine whether sustainable finance literacy and the perceived environmental impact of sustainable finance instruments exert substantial influence over the sustainable investment attitudes of investors within the developing country setting of Ankara, Türkiye. Following a systematic literature review, an online survey was designed and conducted. Multivariate regression models were used for the analysis. The findings illustrate that individuals with a greater level of sustainable finance literacy and a positive perception of the favorable environmental effects of sustainable finance instruments tend to exhibit a positive investment stance and are more likely to invest in sustainable finance instruments. Among the questions related to sustainable finance literacy, the most significant factor in explaining sustainable investment attitude is the knowledge of how sustainable finance instruments can be utilized for risk diversification. In addition, it is depicted that individuals with higher income levels exhibit a favorable disposition toward sustainable finance instruments. The results of our study imply that, to stimulate sustainable investments in developing countries, regulatory authorities and sustainable fund issuers such as financial corporations can enhance promotional campaigns and workshops aimed at increasing awareness and understanding of sustainable finance literacy, sustainable financial instruments, and their positive impact on the environment.

For Whom and for How Long Does the “Be a Mom” Intervention Work? A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Mid-Term Efficacy and Moderators of Treatment Response

This study explored clinical and sociodemographic moderators of treatment response to “Be a Mom”, an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention, from baseline to postintervention, in women at high risk for postpartum depression (PPD). The study also assessed the stability of women’s treatment gains from baseline to 4-months postintervention (follow-up). This open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved a sample of 1,053 postpartum Portuguese women identified as being at high risk for PPD (i.e., having a score of 5.5 or higher on the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised); participants were allocated to “Be a Mom” intervention group or a waiting-list control group, and completed self-report measures at baseline, postintervention, and a 4-month follow-up (554 women completed follow-up assessments). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and flourishing/positive mental health was assessed with the Mental Health Continuum. Regression models and linear mixed models were used to examine moderators of treatment and the mid-term efficacy of the “Be a Mom” intervention, respectively. The results revealed that treatment completion, higher depression scores at baseline, and higher income levels were linked to greater symptom reduction and positive mental health enhancement. Moreover, the efficacy of the “Be a Mom” intervention was supported at the 4-month follow-up. The “Be a Mom” intervention appears to be an effective iCBT tool for reducing psychological distress and enhancing positive mental health in women at risk for PPD, with therapeutic improvements maintained over a 4-month period.

Climate Risk and Stock Performance of Fossil Fuel Companies: An International Analysis

We study the impact of climate risk on the stock returns of fossil fuel companies in international markets. Our results indicate that in the world market, a 1% increase in climate risk could increase the stock returns of fossil fuel companies by 3.02% to 4.27%. We also prove that this climate risk premium is notably more pronounced in countries with higher income levels. In addition, we find that the release of the IPCC 2007 report significantly changed the market's understanding of climate risk. Moreover, the readiness for climate risk of countries will also affect the returns of fossil fuel companies. Overall, our findings show a significant and heterogeneous existence of climate risk premium in fossil fuel companies and is conducive to promoting the understanding of climate risk in the equity market.

Global patterns and temporal trends in ovarian cancer morbidity, mortality, and burden from 1990 to 2019

Abstract Objectives Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer in the world. Deeper knowledge over time is the basis for global studies to design and implement effective measures to reduce inequalities; this study was conducted to investigate the trend of OC incidence and management in the world from 1990 to 2019. Methods We obtained crude numbers and age-standardized rate (ASRs) of OC annually from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to examine OC’s morbidity, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) based on age group, sociodemographic index (SDI), WHO regions, continents, World Bank regions, and GBD regions from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories. The relative change (%) and average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) were used to display the epidemiological trend. Results Globally, the number of OC incidents increased from 141,706 in 1990 to 294,422 in 2019. Despite the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in regions with high SDI having a downward trend, these areas recorded the highest incidence cases and ASIR in 2019. Although the World Bank high-income level had the most frequent incidence cases and ASIR, the ASIR in these regions decreased from 1990 to 2019. Among the continents, Europe and America have the highest ASIR but experienced a decreasing trend from 1990 until 2019 in ASIR. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in the World Bank high-income level experienced a decreasing trend in 1990–2019. In contrast, in the middle, low-middle, and low SDI regions, the death number increased approximately 3.5–4.1 times, and the ASMR had a significant increase from 0.5 in the middle to 0.75 in the low-middle SDI. Globally, the DALY cases of OC rose from 2,732,666 in 1990 to 5,359,737 in 2019; almost doubling. A significant decrease in the DALYs ASR was observed in seven GBD regions. The most pronounced decrease was found in Australia. Conclusions The trend of OC incidence and burden and approximate mortality were stable from 1990 to 2019; especially in lower socioeconomic areas and low-income countries; while the incidence ASR of this cancer in the high SDI regions decreased from 1990 to 2019. The key to reducing OC remains in primary prevention. Approaches such as weight loss, a healthy lifestyle and diet, promoting childbearing and breastfeeding, and recommending the use of oral contraceptives in eligible individuals can have a protective effect against this silent killer.

Can Digital Finance Contribute to Agricultural Carbon Reduction? Evidence from China

The existing research covers digital finance’s carbon reduction impacts in industrial and urban settings, however, leaving a gap in understanding its effects in agriculture. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship and mechanism between digital finance and agricultural carbon reduction. Two hypotheses are proposed to guide the study: (1) The development of digital finance could reduce agricultural carbon emissions; (2) The development of digital finance could significantly promote agricultural green innovation, empowering agricultural carbon emission reduction. By employing panel data spanning 31 provinces from 2011 to 2020, we empirically investigate the relationship between digital finance development and a reduction in agricultural carbon emissions. The results indicate that digital financial development significantly reduces agricultural carbon emissions. Mechanism analysis further elucidates the pivotal role of digital finance in facilitating agricultural green innovation, resulting in a decline in agricultural carbon emissions. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital finance on agricultural carbon emission reduction is particularly pronounced in regions with higher income levels and greater educational attainment. The study offers empirical evidence on the nexus between digital finance and agricultural carbon emissions, from a developing country perspective. It could provide innovative ideas and experiences from China for global agricultural low-carbon development practices.

Влияние угольной отрасли на экономику регионов России

The article is a study dedicated to assessment of the economy of Russian regions, taking into account operation of the coal industry. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, 80 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were divided into groups according to the aggregated energy, environmental, social and economic indicators. The existence of a relationship between the level of the disease (according to the class of diseases – respiratory diseases, neoplasms, circulatory system disorders, congenital anomalies and malformations) and the volume of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere emitted by the coal industry companies operating in the regions was confirmed. The relationship between the social and environmental, energy and economic indicators has been determined. It is shown that the more developed is the coal industry in the regions, the higher the GRP and per capita incomes are; the higher the emissions are, the higher the incidence or burden on healthcare professionals is. At the same time, the presence of the lowest mortality rate in the leading regions of the coal industry can be associated with a high level of income of the population.

Exploring Disparities in Healthcare Wearable Use among Cardiovascular Patients: Findings from a National Survey.

Use of healthcare wearable devices holds significant potential for improving the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, we have limited knowledge on the actual use of wearable devices by CVD patients and the key factors associated with their use. This study aims to assess wearable device use and willingness to share health data among CVD patients, while identifying socio-demographic, health, and technology-related factors associated with wearable technology use. Using a national survey of 933 CVD patients, we assess use of wearable healthcare devices (use, frequency of use and willingness to share health data from wearable with a provider), and a set of socio-demographic factors (age, gender, race, education and household income), health-related variables (general health, presence of comorbid conditions: diabetes and high blood pressure, attitude towards exercise) and technology self-efficacy using logistic regression. Of the 933 CVD patients, 18.34% reported using a healthcare wearable device in the prior 12 months. Of those, 41.92% indicated using it every day and another 19.76% indicated using it 'almost every day'. 83.54% of wearable users indicated their willingness to share health data with their healthcare providers. Female CVD patients are more likely to use wearables compared to men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.63). The odds decrease with age, and are significantly high in patients with higher income levels. In comparison with non-Hispanic White, Hispanic (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03-0.70) and African Americans (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04-0.86) are less likely to use healthcare wearables. CVD patients who perceive their general health to be better (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.11-1.89) and those who enjoy exercising (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.22-2.55) are more likely to use wearables. CVD patients who use the internet for searching for medical information (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.17-3.77) and those who use electronic means to make appointments with their providers (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.48-3.74) are more inclined to use wearables. Addressing low wearable device usage among CVD patients requires targeted policy interventions to ensure equitable access. Variations in gender, age, race/ethnicity, and income levels emphasize the need for tailored strategies. Technological self-efficacy, positive health perceptions, and exercise enjoyment play significant roles in promoting wearable use. These insights should guide healthcare leaders in designing effective strategies for integrating wearables into cardiovascular care.

Real-world impact of the fixed-dose combination on improving treatment outcomes of drug-susceptible tuberculosis: a comparative study using multiyear national tuberculosis patient data

BackgroundThe fixed-dose combination (FDC) for first-line antituberculosis (TB) treatment has long been a standard practice worldwide; however, there is limited evidence on whether the use of FDC improves long-term treatment...

Return On Asset, Return On Equity, And Net Profit Margin: Influence Stock Price

The company has a goal to fulfill the welfare of investors. Company performance is one of the considerations for potential investors before making investment decisions, because the higher the value of a company, the higher its share price. This study aims to analyze the effect of ROA, ROE, and NPM on stock prices. The analytical method uses panel data regression with a quantitative data approach. This study consists of several test analyses; descriptive testing, classical assumption testing, model selection testing, and hypothesis testing. The findings of this study indicate that ROA, ROE, and NPM simultaneously show a 16% effect on stock prices and partially ROA, ROE, and NPM are significant factors that influence stock prices. The implication is that a company that has a rate of return on assets, a rate of return through capital and liability management, and a high level of income contributes to an increase in profits thereby increasing stock prices.

Is the digital economy an effective tool for decreasing energy vulnerability? A global case

Energy vulnerability is gaining attention in light of global economic, social, and political conflicts. The digital economy has the potential to become a vital tool in addressing current issues. This paper explores the relationship, mechanisms, and heterogeneity between the digital economy and energy vulnerability for 110 economies by using a generalized method of moments (GMM) model. Our key findings are as follows: (1) The digital economy effectively reduces energy vulnerability, with digital infrastructure and social impact as the main contributors to this effect. (2) The digital economy helps upgrade the industrial structure and the level of financial development, thereby reducing energy vulnerability. (3) Heterogeneity results show that the negative impact of the digital economy on energy vulnerability is more significant in regions with higher income levels, particularly Europe and North America. (4) The level of economic development acts as a practical threshold variable, with the digital economy having a more pronounced negative impact on energy vulnerability at higher threshold levels. These findings provide new development ideas for improving global energy security and energy efficiency, and reducing energy vulnerability.

Changes in dietary carbohydrate and lipid quality indices between 2008 and 2018: Analysis of the Brazilian dietary surveys.

The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and changes over a decade in dietary carbohydrate and lipid quality according to socio-demographic variables. Data was obtained from two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys 2008-2009 (n = 34 003) and 2017-2018 (n = 46 164) examining a nationwide representative sample of individuals ≥10 years old. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive diet records (2008-2009) and 24 h diet recalls (2017-2018). Carbohydrate Quality Index is a score ranging from 4 to 20 calculated from fibre intake, global dietary glycaemic index, solid/total carbohydrate (CHO) and whole grains/total grains CHO. Lipid Quality Index was estimated by dividing the sum of the dietary content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids by the sum of saturated and trans fatty acids. Indices were categorised into five categories (1 for lowest and 5 for highest quality). Socio-demographic variables were sex, age, income, urban/rural area and place of food consumption. The estimates (95% CI) were generated separately for each survey and then compared to identify changes in time. Our main findings refer to changes in diet quality according to income. At the lowest income level, the proportions of individuals in the best carbohydrate and lipid quality categories reduced from 26.9% to 20.6% and from 30.0% to 24.9%, respectively. Alternatively, at the highest income level, these proportions increased from 22.9% to 26.6% and from 11.9% to 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the quality of lipids improved in women and among individuals reporting some away-from-home food consumption, while the quality of carbohydrates was reduced among adolescents and in rural areas.

Demand for internet services before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: what lessons are we learning in South Africa?

The primary aim of this study was to assess the demand for internet services before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, considering the challenges and opportunities brought about by the global health crisis. While the pandemic has had numerous negative impacts on people's lives, it has also facilitated advancements in technology, particularly the adoption of the 4th industrial revolution. To explore the positive impacts of these technological advancements, the study focused on analysing changes in household internet usage using the 2019 and 2021 General Household Survey data obtained from STATS SA. The study examined the shifts in internet usage between the two data sets and found a modest increase in internet usage over time. To further investigate the determinants of household internet usage, the study employed descriptive analysis, cross-tabulations, and a binary logistic regression model. Income, age, household size, and gender were used as independent variables, while internet usage served as the dependent variable. The results revealed that all the independent variables were statistically significant factors influencing the probability of internet usage. Income and household size demonstrated a positive relationship with internet usage, indicating that higher levels of income and larger household sizes were associated with increased demand for internet services. Conversely, the age of the household head showed a negative effect on internet usage, suggesting that as individuals grew older, their likelihood of using the internet decreased. Additionally, the study found that male-headed households exhibited higher levels of internet usage compared to their female counterparts. To ensure that digital inclusion is prioritized, it is crucial for authorities to ensure that internet access is accessible to low-income households. Addressing the disparity in internet usage between higher and lower-income households is essential. Government regulators can encourage broadband providers to expand affordable internet access, while reducing administrative burdens to facilitate network deployment, thereby supporting the current levels of internet usage, and promoting further growth. By considering these findings, policymakers and stakeholders can develop strategies to bridge the digital divide and ensure equal access to internet services for all segments of society. This will contribute to a more inclusive and equitable digital landscape, fostering social and economic development in the medium to long term.

Middle‐income country trap and total factor productivity growth

AbstractThis study assessed the factors allowing middle‐income countries to achieve higher income levels and thus escape the middle‐income trap (MIT). By deriving a stochastic production function using the Cornwell–Schmidt–Sickles (CSS) estimator and country panel data, we successfully distinguished between growth due to total factor productivity (TFP) and that attributable to various production inputs after controlling for random shocks and cross‐sectional dependence. We found that TFP growth was the main factor distinguishing middle‐income countries that have and have not escaped from the MIT; the former countries had significantly higher TFP growth.

Critical determinants influencing consumers’ decision-making process to buy green cosmetics. A systematic literature review

ABSTRACT The current Systematic Literature Review (SLR) represents the first attempt to systematically classify the factors influencing consumers’ decision-making process to purchase green cosmetics, based on a review of 60 studies from 2007 to 2022. The factors were classified using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) paradigm as the theoretical framework. The findings of the SLR indicate that consumers’ decision-making process is primarily driven by socio-psychological stimuli, such as environmental concern, health consciousness, and social norms. These stimuli trigger internal states in consumers, which consist of cognitive and affective states. The internal states are represented by facilitators, such as attitude towards green cosmetics, perceived product quality, and product knowledge, as well as inhibitors, such as perceived high price, skepticism, and greenwashing. Among the final responses, purchase intention was found to be the most detected in the reviewed studies. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the segment of green cosmetic consumers is mainly characterized by women, employed individuals, with a high level of education and income. The study also highlights the core limitations of the existing literature and proposes a research agenda for future investigations.