Higher Incidence Of Cases Research Articles

Information to the Population About COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic: Case Study on the Portal of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil

Objective: To analyze the risk communication about the COVID-19 pandemic carried out on the website of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Theoretical Framework: Risk communication in public health emergencies, according to the WHO guideline for policy and practice of this health communication in crises. Method: Qualitative study, focused on the content analysis of the publications made on the website of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, from March 2020 to December 2021. Results and Discussion: The Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, effectively used its website to disseminate information about the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social isolation measures and partial lockdown in areas with a high incidence of cases; sanitary barriers to monitor symptoms and control circulation; the installation of a field hospital, expansion of testing in Basic Health Units and distribution of masks and hygiene kits in vulnerable areas. The most frequent words on the portal in 2022 were “pandemic”, “mask” and “coronavirus”, in daily updates, guidelines on prevention measures, service protocols, decrees and restrictions, education and awareness and vaccination campaign at the end of the year. Research Implications: There was publication of accurate and accessible information, publication of administrative acts, positive culture in public health and, therefore, these actions demonstrate a significant effort by the Campina Grande Health Department to use digital communication to face the COVID-19 pandemic in accordance with the UN guideline. However, it was observed that in terms of clarity, some messages used technical terms that may have made it difficult for less educated audiences to understand. The portal did not provide accessible versions for people with visual impairments. Originality/Value: This study contributes to demonstrating that during the pandemic, the Campina Grande Health Department portal was an essential tool for residents of Campina Grande-PB in a practical and accessible way, with constant updates, disseminating information on the progress of the disease, vaccination campaigns and preventive measures, such as the use of masks and social distancing, with potential contribution to the implementation of preventive measures and adherence to vaccination. It is suggested that there could be greater accessibility for people with less education and sensory disabilities.

ACIDENTE OFÍDICO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Snakebite envenomation refers to the injection of venom through the fangs of snakes. In tropical countries like Brazil, there is a high incidence of snakebite cases in both humans and animals, making it a public health and economic issue, particularly in cattle farming. There are various species of snakes, with 76 being toxin producers. The effects caused by these toxins can vary, and the diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, and characteristic clinical signs. Initial medical support should be provided as soon as possible to avoid secondary complications and death. Based on extensive literature review, therapeutic approaches in these situations should be adapted to each circumstance and patient need. Effective management is essential to ensure the good recovery of the affected animal.

6957 5-Year Follow-Up of Acute, micro, and Macrovascular Complications of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Managed by a Multi-Disciplinary Team In A Hospital in Northeastern Mexico

Abstract Disclosure: M. Romero Ibarguengoitia: None. D.P. Morales Rodríguez: None. A. Garza-Silva: None. A. Rivera-Cavazos: None. I. Fernández-Chau: None. A. Cepeda-Medina: None. A. González-Cantú: None. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a condition associated with various acute and chronic complications, which constitute the leading cause of disability, morbidity and mortality globally. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vulnerable individuals such as those with T2DM faced a restriction in access to primary healthcare services. Therefore, we decided to compare the presence of micro and macrovascular complications before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as the incidence of acute complications. A retrospective observational cohort study from 2018 to 2022 was conducted in a hospital in northeastern Mexico on patients with T2DM who were treated by a multidisciplinary team composed of an internist or geriatrician based on the patient's age, endocrinologist, nutritionist, and other diabetes-related specialties. Levels of HbA1C, fasting serum glucose (FSG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), blood pressure (BP), and microalbuminuria were analyzed. Consequently, presence of micro and macrovascular complications and incidence of acute complications was described. A total of 999 subjects were analyzed, 516 (51.7%) males, with an average age (SD) of 60.1 (12.7) years. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with adequate glycemic control based on HbA1C of 15.2% between 2018 and 2022 (p<0.001) and a 42.3% increase in FSG control during the same period (p<0.001). LDLc showed a decrease in the control proportion of 5.1% between 2018 and 2022 (p<0.001). Systolic BP control in 2018 was 82.7% and 80.1% in 2022 (p<0.001). Diastolic BP control in 2018 was 89.6%, with an increase to 91.4% in 2022 (p=0.01). Microalbuminuria control increased from 80.5% in 2018 to 89% in 2022 (p=0.002). There were 78 (7.8%) cases of microvascular complications, with diabetic neuropathy being the most prevalent (n=35, 3.6%), and a higher incidence in 2021 with 15 (1.6%) cases. A total of 15 (1.5%) patients presented a macrovascular complication, with ischemic heart disease being the most frequent with 11 (1.1%) subjects, and a higher incidence of cases in 2021 (n=4, 0.4%). Hypoglycemia was found to be the most frequent acute complication with 14 (1.4%) cases, with a higher incidence in 2020 (n=5, 0.5%). The low incidence of complications in our population, emphasizes the importance of coordinating patient’s care between a multidisciplinary team to maintain an overall disease control, optimize T2DM treatment and enhance patient’s quality of life. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Eleven-Year Report of High Number of Diphtheria Cases in Children in East Java Province, Indonesia.

A high incidence of diphtheria cases in children in East Java province, Indonesia, has been observed since the beginning of this century. Despite many efforts, the outbreaks continue. This study aims to explain the high incidence of diphtheria in children in East Java province since 2013. This cross-sectional surveillance report-based study used data from 38 districts in East Java since 1 January 2013. Collected data included demographics, clinical information, additional examinations, immunization history, and close contact management. Over eleven years, there were 4009 diphtheria patients, of whom 2921 (72.86%) were under 18 years of age. Boys (59.77%) outnumbered girls, and the most common age category was >60-144 months (51.66%). Most cases had incomplete or zero immunization (76.16%). Tonsillopharyngeal diphtheria was the most common type (69.60%). The five top districts with the most cases were Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Blitar, Kota Malang, and Kabupaten Malang. The eleven-year case fatality rate (CFR) was 2.36% (69/2921). This study shows that diphtheria cases in children and adolescents in East Java have consistently been high, and low immunization coverage might still be the leading cause. There has also been a shift in the district distribution. Diphtheria outbreaks require complete and sustainable efforts, not just outbreak response immunizations.

Understanding Mumps Dynamics: Epidemiological Traits and Breakthrough Infections in the Population under 15 Years of Age in Jiangsu Province, China, 2023.

Despite coverage of two doses of mumps-containing vaccines, mumps epidemics persist among children and young adults in China. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jiangsu Province, with a particular focus on breakthrough cases among high-incidence groups. Mumps cases reported in 2023 were systematically collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance and Reporting System. A comprehensive descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed to elucidate the characteristics of the reported cases. A joinpoint regression (JPR) model was utilized to identify the temporal trends across various periods. Subsequently, immunization information for cases under 15 years of age was obtained through the Jiangsu Province Vaccination Integrated Service Management Information System to identify breakthrough cases and conduct exploratory analyses. A total of 4142 mumps cases were reported in Jiangsu Province in 2023, yielding an annual incidence rate of 4.86/100,000. A total of 81.75% of the cases were students and childcare children, and the gender ratio was 1.5:1 (male/female). The JPR model analysis of weekly reported cases identified five distinct trend segments (1st: 1-8, weekly percent change (WPC) = 26.67 *; 2nd: 9-28, WPC = 3.11 *; 3rd: 29-34, WPC = -5.31; 4th: 35-37, WPC = 15.48; 5th: 38-52, WPC = -4.06 *), and the gender subgroups demonstrated similar trends to the overall pattern. Notably, 89.14% (3692/4142) of the total cases were among individuals under 15 years, with 96.02% (3545/3692) having been vaccinated against mumps. The number of single-dose breakthrough cases (SdBCs) was approximately fourfold (2847/698) that of two-dose breakthrough cases (TdBCs). The main population composition of TdBCs was children aged 0-5 years old, and the classification was dominated by childcare children and scattered children. The median time interval between initial immunization and onset were shorter in TdBCs than in the SdBCs group, and the median time interval between the last immunization and onset was interestingly similarly shorter. However, these situations were interestingly reversed in 105 laboratory-confirmed breakthrough cases. Therefore, the current vaccination strategies have demonstrated tangible effectiveness in preventing and controlling mumps. However, the high incidence of breakthrough cases among high-risk pediatric populations indicates that mumps immunization strategies still deserve more attention and research for better herd protection.

High incidence and geographic distribution of cleft palate cases in Finland are associated with a regulatory variant in IRF6.

In Finland the frequency of isolated cleft palate (CP) is higher than that of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). This trend contrasts to that in other European countries but its genetic underpinnings are unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for orofacial clefts, which include CL/P and CP, in the Finnish population. We identified rs570516915, a single nucleotide polymorphism that is highly enriched in Finns and Estonians, as being strongly associated with CP ( P = 5.25 × 10 -34 , OR = 8.65, 95% CI 6.11-12.25), but not with CL/P ( P = 7.2 × 10 -5 ), with genome-wide significance. The risk allele frequency of rs570516915 parallels the regional variation of CP prevalence in Finland, and the association was replicated in independent cohorts of CP cases from Finland ( P = 8.82 × 10 -28 ) and Estonia ( P = 1.25 × 10 -5 ). The risk allele of rs570516915 disrupts a conserved binding site for the transcription factor IRF6 within a previously characterized enhancer upstream of the IRF6 gene. Through reporter assay experiments we found that the risk allele of rs570516915 diminishes the enhancer activity. Oral epithelial cells derived from CRISPR-Cas9 edited induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrate that the CP-associated allele of rs570516915 concomitantly decreases the binding of IRF6 and the expression level of IRF6 , suggesting impaired IRF6 autoregulation as a molecular mechanism underlying the risk for CP.

Discovering predisposing genes for hereditary breast cancer using deep learning.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting Western women today. It is estimated that as many as 10% of BC cases can be attributed to germline variants. However, the genetic basis of the majority of familial BC cases has yet to be identified. Discovering predisposing genes contributing to familial BC is challenging due to their presumed rarity, low penetrance, and complex biological mechanisms. Here, we focused on an analysis of rare missense variants in a cohort of 12 families of Middle Eastern origins characterized by a high incidence of BC cases. We devised a novel, high-throughput, variant analysis pipeline adapted for family studies, which aims to analyze variants at the protein level by employing state-of-the-art machine learning models and three-dimensional protein structural analysis. Using our pipeline, we analyzed 1218 rare missense variants that are shared between affected family members and classified 80 genes as candidate pathogenic. Among these genes, we found significant functional enrichment in peroxisomal and mitochondrial biological pathways which segregated across seven families in the study and covered diverse ethnic groups. We present multiple evidence that peroxisomal and mitochondrial pathways play an important, yet underappreciated, role in both germline BC predisposition and BC survival.

SELF-EFFICACY IN MOTHERS WITH EMESIS GRAVIDARUM

The prevalence of emesis gravidarum cases in the world is estimated to reach 85% while in Indonesia it reaches 50-90% (Prawirohardjo, 2010). The high incidence of emesis gravidarum cases results in discomfort and decreased quality of life. This study aims to determine the self-efficacy of pregnant women in overcoming symptoms of nausea and vomiting before and after being given prenatal education interventions. Research design: quasi experiment with one group pre-posttest design. The sample size in this study amounted to 30 respondents (pregnant women) in the first trimester with emesis gravidarum in the Pulmbon Health Center working area in 2021. The research instrument was a questionnaire to measure the level of self-efficacy. Data analysis using the T test. Research results: the majority of self-efficacy levels before prenatal education were in the low category (86.7%), and after the intervention, the high level dominated (56.7%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that prenatal education intervention has a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of pregnant women in overcoming the symptoms of emesis gravidarum (α=0.001 <0.005). Conclusion: Self-efficacy of mothers with emesis gravidarum has increased after being given prenatal education. More sample size needed in future research.

Systematic Review of Surgical Care in the Incarcerated Population: Identifying Knowledge Gaps for Future Research.

This study, examining literature up to December 2023, aims to comprehensively assess surgical care for incarcerated individuals, identifying crucial knowledge gaps for informing future health services research and interventions. The US prison system detains around 2 million individuals, mainly young, indigent males from ethnic and racial minorities. The constitutional right to healthcare does not protect this population from unique health challenges and disparities. The scarcity of literature on surgical care necessitates a systematic review to stimulate research, improve care quality, and address health issues within this marginalized community. A systematic review, pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023454782), involved searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Original research on surgical care for incarcerated individuals was included, excluding case reports/series (<10 patients), abstracts, and studies involving prisoners of war, plastic surgeries for recidivism reduction, transplants using organs from incarcerated individuals, and nonconsensual surgical sterilization. Out of 8209 studies screened, 118 met inclusion criteria, with 17 studies from 16 distinct cohorts reporting on surgical care. Predominantly focusing on orthopedic surgeries, supplemented by studies in emergency general, burns, ophthalmology, and kidney transplantation, the review identified delayed hospital presentations, a high incidence of complex cases, and low postoperative follow-up rates. Notable complications, such as nonfusion and postarthroplasty infections, were more prevalent in incarcerated individuals compared with nonincarcerated individuals. Trauma-related mortality rates were similar, despite lower intraabdominal injuries following penetrating abdominal injuries in incarcerated patients. While some evidence suggests inferior surgical care in incarcerated patients, the limited quality of available studies underscores the urgency of addressing knowledge gaps through future research. This is crucial for patients, clinicians, and policymakers aiming to enhance care quality for a population at risk of surgical complications during incarceration and postrelease.

5S Strategy Practices Kontra Dengue in the Selected Barangays of Santiago City in 2022: Basis in the Dengue Enhancement Program and Public Advocacy

Dengue is a rapidly spreading vector-borne disease endemic in 100 countries, with complex factors contributing to its occurrence. In Santiago City, the City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (CESU) conducted a survey in 2022, revealing 603 cases of Dengue from 2018 to 2022. Thus, the researchers are determined to know the reasons behind the high incidence of dengue cases in Santiago City. The study aimed to determine the practices affecting respondents from barangays Rizal, Plaridel, and Patul to acquire Dengue disease. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire. The results showed no significant difference between the profile variables of respondents and the 5s practices against Dengue. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between the 5s practices against Dengue and the profile variables of the respondents. Profile variables such as age, sex, educational attainment, occupation, and place of work were found to be unimportant in the 5s practices against Dengue. Moreover, the study revealed that most respondents answered sometimes in 5s1 practices, such as searching and destroying breeding sites, participating in public activities, and being aware of the 5s strategy. They also answered sometimes in using mosquito nets before going to sleep, putting screens on windows and doors, and using electric rackets to kill mosquitoes. In 5s2 practices, respondents often sought early consultations for Dengue symptoms, rarely in fogging conducted by the barangay, and sometimes in contacting the health center for questions about fogging. In 5s5 practices, respondents often and always sustained their hydration by drinking enough water and eating fruits rich in water. The researchers concluded that the 5S practices kontra Dengue was not really practiced, improperly practiced or their neighbors do not practice the 5S strategies as it was reflected on the answer of the respondents and observation of the researchers. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that the local government unit’s lack of attention in proper fogging and spraying in each barangay may contribute to the incidence of Dengue in Santiago City. Therefore, by spreading awareness through information dissemination and taking part in the shared responsibilities of the citizens and the government in doing the 5S Strategy Practices Kontra Dengue will lower the incidence of Dengue in Santiago City.

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among blood donors in Saint Petersburg

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among blood donors in St. Petersburg, as well as to characterize the identified virus isolates. The study material was represented by 2800 blood plasma samples collected in 2019 from blood donors living in St. Petersburg. The ELISA study for HBV marker rate consisted of HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG. HBV DNA was analyzed by nested PCR with real-time hybridization-fluorescence detection on three targets allowing to determine virus DNA at low viral load, including HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B serological markers were detected in 69.43% of those surveyed, HBsAg was found in 0.43% of individuals, and all of which donated blood first time. A significant excess of the anti-HBcore IgG antibodies occurrence among primary donors (15.1%) compared with repeated/regular donors (7.48%) was shown. The prevalence of virus DNA in the group was 3.14%, including 2.71% of cases in HBsAg-negative CHB. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 88 isolates, HBV subgenotypes were determined in the following order: D1 and D2, 40.91% each, D3 and A2, 9.09% each. While determining the serological subtype in detected isolates, the serotype ayw3 (52.27%) vs ayw2 (46.59%) and adw2 (10.23%) prevailed. Drug resistance mutations, including compensatory ones, were detected in six examined patients (6.82%). In all genotype D isolates, multiple amino acid substitutions were identified in the RT, SHB, MHB, LHB, and Core regions; mutations in the preCore region were detected in 21.59% samples. In the MHR of the HBV genotype D genome, twenty-six positions were identified in which amino acid substitutions occurred, and all isolates showed modifications at positions 113, 114, 131, 134, 159, 161, 168, in 76 — at position 122, in 68 — at position 127, in 36 — at position 118, in 24 — at position 128. In HBV A2 isolates, mutations T113S, S143T, Y161F were identified. Nine isolates in the preCore region showed a polymorphism including a stop codon W28*W; in five isolates the W28S substitution was shown in the same position, and the W28*S variant was found in one more sample. The high incidence of HBsAg-negative CHB cases among blood donors, as well as the predominance of HBV isolates that simultaneously carry mutations resulting in diagnostic failure of HBsAg tests and prophylactic failure of immunoglobulin or vaccines and virus reactivation, mutations that contribute to disease progression obviously pose a threat to health and require to be further examined.

Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia

Abstract. Djuma AW, Dewu S, Kambuno NT, Banunu A, Silaen OSM. 2024. Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 150-155. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern, impacting over two billion people worldwide. Among them, more than 240 million individuals develop chronic HBV infection, placing them at a high risk of developing severe liver conditions such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In 2013, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) emerged as one of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of hepatitis cases. Long-term therapy has proven effective in halting disease progression but may also lead to the emergence of resistant mutations. This study aims to analyze mutation patterns in the Polymerase (P) gene as indicators of viral resistance to nucleotide analogs (NUCs) in HBV patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang, a previously unreported case. The research was conducted at the Hematology-Oncology Medical Laboratory Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, RS. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine, Jakarta. A total of 28 individual samples with positive Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were subjected to PCR sequencing, resulting in 23 positive samples. Mutation profiles were analyzed by comparing them with the reference sequence M54923. Sequencing of the Polymerase (P) gene region was successfully carried out for 14 samples. Among these, 12 (85.71%) exhibited nucleotide substitutions, while the remaining two (9.14%) did not show any mutations. The most prevalent substitution patterns in the P gene included rtQ228H, rtS127R, rtM135L, rtV243I, rtL257A, rtS127A, rtK323N, rtL326R, rtV214I, rtT312S, rtV281E, rtF290Y, rtM299I, rtQ306H, and rtK308N. No mutations associated with antiviral resistance were detected. The use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B treatment is considered safe for patients at Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital.

Typhoid Fever: A comparison among various age group people. A detailed case report and Review

In this article, we took three cases from our locality in which we get to know about their common symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhea, irrespective of their age group but we also found that convulsion was a unique symptom of infant. We have also noted about the spiking pattern of fever on the evenings, for our reference we took data from National public health profile (2021) in which west Bengal has high case incidence in overall India.We have mentioned some drugs that are used in these cases, which could become resistant in upcoming years, so we have concluded that India should bring more programs and develop a newer drug to eradicate or to prevent an endemic.

IgD expression in various immunoarchitectural patterns of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) consist of lymphocyte predominant cell or LP-cell. Despite their origin from active germinal centers, in some cases LP-cells express IgD, which is characteristic of naive B-lymphocytes of the mantle zone. Due to the rarity of NLPHL, assessing the frequency of IgD-positive cases is difficult. This marker can serve not only for differential diagnosis with other diseases, but also indicate the possible heterogeneity of NLPHL, which is currently represented by six immunoarchitectural patterns. To determine the frequency of IgD-positive cases of NLPHL in children with subsequent assessment of the association with types of immunoarchitectural patterns. The study included 52 cases of NLPHL, which were divided to typical and atypical patterns. Differences between two groups were compared using Fisher's exact tests. IgD expression was found in LP-cells in 26 of 52 cases (50%) and was positively correlated with atypical types (typical - 5/23, 21.7% vs atypical - 21/29, 72.4%, p=0.0003), among which pattern C was most common. Due to the high incidence of IgD-positive cases in NLPHL, this marker may be useful in differential diagnosis with histologic mimics. At the same time, positive IgD status was associated with atypical patterns, which may likely determine the different biology of neoplastic cells within the same form.

High incidence of occult familial SDHD cases amongst Czech patients with head and neck paragangliomas.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, which are mostly benign in nature. Amongst all genes, Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit D (SDHD) is the most commonly mutated in familial HNPGLs. In about 30% of HNPGLs, germline mutations in SDHD can also occur in the absence of positive family history, thus giving rise to "occult familial" cases. Our aim was to evaluate the pattern of SDHD germline mutations in Czech patients with HNPGLs. We analyzed a total of 105 patients with HNPGLs from the Otorhinolaryngology departments of 2 tertiary centers between 2006 - 2021. All underwent complex diagnostic work-up and were also consented for genetic analysis. Eighty patients aged 13-76 years were included; around 60% with multiple PGLs were males. Carotid body tumor was the most frequently diagnosed tumor. Germline SDHD mutation was found in only 12% of the Czech patients; approximately 78% of those harboring the mutation had negative family history. The mutation traits had higher affiliation for multiple tumors with nearly 70% patients of ≤ 40 years of age. An SDHD mutation variant was shared amongst unrelated patients but no founder-effect was established. Our findings confirmed that the pattern of SDHD mutation distribution amongst HNPGLs in Czech Republic differs from most studies worldwide.

Strengthening Malaria Migration Surveillance at Village Level in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Borneo, Indonesia

Tanah Bumbu Regency had implemented malaria migration surveillance in illegal mining areas. This study aimed to describe the implementation of malaria migration surveillance. The study conducted in five villages with high case incidence (HCI) i.e., Gunung Raya, Temunih, Mangkal Api, Guntung, and Teluk Kepayang, from March to October 2018. The study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach, descriptive analysis for quantitative data, and thematic content for qualitative data. The research activity included a mass blood survey, malaria vector species, environmental survey, focus group discussion with mining workers, and in-depth interviews about the implementation of malaria migration surveillance. Socialization of malaria migration surveillance in 5 HCI villages has been carried out to the wider community. The slide positivity rate of malaria was 1.45% of 1996 participants and positive cases of malaria were detected in 75 subjects. Anopheles sp and potential larvae in swamps, rivers, ponds, and wells. Mine workers consider malaria as an occupational risk of working in forests. The workers are unwilling to get checked for blood examination or to report to the local Primary Health Centers (Puskesmas) before and after traveling to endemic areas. Cross-sectoral collaboration is carried out by community empowerment through village malaria posts

Program Pencegahan Sekunder Dengan Fisioterapi Pada Penderita Osteoarthritis Knee Di Puskesmas Setabelan

Setabelan Village, located in Banjarsari Sub-district, is one of the four working areas of the Setabelan Health Center. The village experiences a high incidence of Osteoarthritis knee cases in elderly women, with 28 cases per month and 246 cases per year. The main complaint among patients is knee pain. To address this issue, a program was implemented to educate and provide understanding on how to manage knee osteoarthritis, as well as home-based exercise. The program involved counseling sessions on osteoarthritis knee health promotion, using leaflets as a counseling medium. The target participants were the elderly members of Pos Lansia Wijaya Kusuma. The author conducted a pre-test and post-test to evaluate the participants’ level of understanding. The results showed a significant increase in understanding, with the participants’ average questionnaire score increasing from 1.57 in the pre-test to 5.57 in the post-test. This indicates a 4.00 increase in understanding among the participants of Pos Lansia Wijaya Kusuma.

A surrogate molecular approach for the detection of Philadelphia chromosome-like B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-like B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a clinically significant, high-risk genetic subtype of B-ALL cases. There are few data on the incidence, characterization, and treatment outcomes of Ph-like ALL cases from low- and middle-income countries. There is a pressing need to establish a well-organized/cost-effective approach for identifying Ph-like ALL instances. Multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, nCounter NanoString, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to detect and characterize Ph-like ALL cases among recurrent genetic abnormalities (RGA)neg B-ALL cases. At the end of induction therapy, flow cytometry-minimal residual disease (MRD) assay was used to quantify MRD positivity in Ph-like ALL cases. Of 130 newly diagnosed B-ALL cases, 25% (BCR::ABL1), 4% (ETV6::RUNX1), 5% (TCF3::PBX1), 2% (KM2TA::AFF1), and 65% RGAneg B-ALL cases were revealed by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Among RGAneg B-ALL cases, 24% Ph-like ALL cases using nCounter NanoString were identified, with 48% CRLF2high cases with 45% CRLF2::P2RY8 and 18% CRLF2::IGH rearrangements(∼r) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In 52% of CRLF2low cases, 17% ABL1 and JAK2∼r 8% EPOR::IGH & PDGRFB∼r were identified. Ph-like ALL cases had higher total leukocyte count (p<.05), male preponderance (p<.05), and high MRD-positivity/induction failure compared with RGAneg B-ALL cases. Furthermore, in Ph-like ALL cases, 11 significant genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction were identified and validated. CRLF2, IGJ, CEACAM6, MUC4, SPATS2L and NRXN3 genes were overexpressed and show statistical significance (p<.05) in Ph-like ALL cases. This study showed the high incidence of Ph-like ALL cases with kinase activating alterations and treatment outcomes from low- and middle-income region. Furthermore, a surrogate cost-effective multiplex panel of 11 overexpressed genes for the prompt detection of Ph-like ALL cases is proposed. Identification of recurrent gene abnormalities (RGA)neg B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases using multiplex-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Identification and characterization of Philadelphia (Ph)-like ALL cases using nCounter NanoString gene expression profiling and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, Ph-like ALL cases were characterized according to CRLF2 expression and kinase-activating genomic alterations. Minimal residual disease of Ph-like ALL cases were quantified using flow cytometry-minimal residual disease assay. A surrogate molecular approach was established to detect Ph-like ALL cases from low- and middle-income countries.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with psychiatric disorders in a Mexico City hospital.

One of the population groups at higher risk of suicide is that of people who attend mental health institutions. To know the demographic and clinical characteristics of people admitted for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt to the observation area of a psychiatric hospital in a period of 10 non-consecutive months. Retrospective, descriptive, correlational study. A total of 439 medical records were collected, out of which 62.9% (n = 276) corresponded to women, 36.7% (n = 161) to men and 0.5% (n = 2) to transgender people; age ranged from 17 to 74 years. The highest incidence of cases was observed between 18 and 25 years of age; the most frequent diagnosis was depressive disorder, and 45.5% (n = 200) of the cases had a suicide attempt. The main method for committing a suicidal act was poisoning by taking various medications, followed by self-inflicted injuries with sharp objects. A positive correlation was found between suicide attempt and self-harm (c² = 1.965, p < 0.05). The findings highlight the importance of early identification of risk factors that may contribute to an increase in suicidal behaviors.

Descriptive Analysis of Snakebite Surveillance Data in North Bank West Region, The Gambia, 2017 – 2021

Background: Snakebites affect about 5.4 million people worldwide resulting in over 137,880 deaths per year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the incidence of snakebite cases is generally underestimated despite the adverse effect of snakebite when it occurs. We therefore conducted this study to describe the incidence of snakebites in the North Bank West Region of the Gambia. Methods: We reviewed snakebite surveillance data from 1st Jan 2017 to 31st Dec 2021 as recorded in health facility registers in North Bank West Region of The Gambia. Variables extracted were age, sex, date reported, health facility name, district of residence, and case outcome. We summarized the data by person, place, and time and results were presented using frequencies and proportions in tables, charts, graphs and maps. Results: A total of 197 cases were reported, the median age was 20 (IQR:13 -30) years, and males were 69.0% (136/197). 35.0% (69/197) of snakebite victims were between age group 10-19 years of age. There was a 5-year incidence rate of 31 snakebite cases per 100,000 population with a case fatality ratio of 4.1%. Jokadou District recorded the highest number of incidences (14 cases per 10,000) in 2017. 72.6% (143/197) of the snakebites occurred during the rainy season (June-October). The year 2020 recorded the highest incidence of snakebite in the region, 59 snakebite cases per 100,000 population. Conclusion: There was a high incidence of snakebite cases recorded and Jokadou District recording the highest with the peak occurring during the rainy season. We recommend that the Regional Health Directorate work with health facilities to regularly organize health education activities for the communities, especially during the start of the rainy season.