High Functional Capabilities Research Articles

Development of physical qualities of teenage freestyle wrestlers

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling in the adolescent period of child development. One of the most difficult, it is not for nothing that it is called "transitional" and "turning point", "difficult" or even "critical". These names fully reflect the complexity and importance of the processes taking place in this age period. The transition from childhood to adulthood is the main content of this period. At this age, qualitatively striking changes occur, mental and physical elements of growing up appear. Hormonal restructuring of the body leads to changes in self- awareness, communication with adults and peers, changes in ways of communicating with the surrounding world, emergence of new interests. A new look at the content of moral and ethical norms that shape behavior, activity and communication with others is emerging.
 A distinctive feature of the development of modern freestyle wrestling is the growth of athleticism and general physical training of athletes. The main condition for the high efficiency of physical training of wrestlers in the adolescent period is a strict accounting of the age and individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of athletes and individual stages of adolescent development, characteristic of this period.
 Sports training, as a separate type of physical training, is a specially organized and consciously managed pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to improve or maintain at the required level basic and special developed physical qualities, various motor skills and abilities, high functional capabilities of human organs and systems, as well as knowledge related to them.
 General physical training is a process of harmonious development of the main physical qualities that have a positive effect on achieving results in a specific sport and the effectiveness of building the training process as a whole.

Interaction between functional capability and sleep quality at midterm after total knee arthroplasty: a Japanese retrospective cohort study

No report has clarified the frequency and interacting factors affecting sleep disturbance among Asian patients at midterm after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of sleep disturbance at midterm after TKA in a Japanese cohort and to identify intervening factors for sleep. We hypothesized that residual knee pain and decreased functional capability negatively interact with sleep quality after TKA. A total of 209 Japanese participants (average age: 77.1 ± 8.3 years; postoperative follow-up period: 4.5 ± 1.9 years) who underwent primary TKA for knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. Sleep quality, satisfaction, pain, functional capability, joint awareness, and mental condition were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Knee Society Score (KSS) 2011, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)-12, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) Mental Component Summary (MCS). Multivariable analysis was performed to determine the influencing factors on PSQI. The scores for the PSQI, satisfaction with pain level while lying in bed, pain during level walking, functional activity category in the KSS 2011, awareness of the artificial joint in bed at night in the FJS-12, and SF-12 MCS were 6.7 ± 3.0, 5.8 ± 1.8, 1.6 ± 2.3, 62 ± 22, 1.5 ± 1.4, and 56 ± 9.3 on average, respectively. Sleep disturbance (PSQI ≥ 5.5) occurred in 54% of the Japanese participants. Multivariable analysis revealed that high functional capability was a significant factor associated with sleep quality improvement (p < 0.05). Decreased functional capability, not residual knee pain, negatively interacted with sleep quality. The sleep disturbance rate was high during the middle postoperative period after TKA in the Japanese cohort.

ADAPTATION TO INTENSE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY AND PECULIARITIES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ATHLETES (II MESSAGE)

Introduction. Determining the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system as an indicator of the functional state of the body, on which the effectiveness of sports activity largely depends, remains relevant in assessing the ways of adaptation of the athlete's body to various physical activities. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of physical performance of qualified athletes with different types of autonomic regulation of heart rate based on the mathematical analysis of heart rate variability. Material and methods. The study involved 214 skilled athletes specialising in rowing, basketball, handball, athletics, hockey, triathlon, cross-country skiing, biathlon and other sports. Methods of analysis of heart rate variability features, methods of determining physical performance of qualified athletes and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system to test loads (ergospirometric complex "Oxycon Pro", treadmill LE-200 C), mathematical and statistical methods. Results. When performing strenuous physical activity, the initial type of autonomic regulation largely determines the effectiveness of compensatory and adaptive reactions of the organism. Thus, the normotonic and moderately vagotonic type of regulation of the HR in a state of relative rest was inherent in highly skilled athletes with a high level of functional fitness. Normotonic and vagotonic types of HR regulation characterise the optimal functional state of a sportsman's organism, high functional capabilities of the organism, which ensure the preservation of vegetative homeostasis, the optimal level of regulation efficiency and the level of functioning economy, and stable regulation. The sympathicotonic type of HR regulation is also inherent in satisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity and sufficient functional capabilities of the sportsman's organism. However, there are already signs of dysregulation in the central regulatory circuit, a reduced level of efficiency of HR regulation, an increased level of tension in the regulatory mechanisms of adaptation. Against this background of such regulation of HR, a deterioration of the functional state of a sportsman can be noted, objective signs of fatigue appear. Prognostically unfavourable for athletes in a state of relative rest is a pronounced vagotonic type of SR regulation, as well as a sharply expressed sympathicotonic type of SR regulation - characterising reduced functional capabilities of the organism, unsatisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity. Conclusions. The vagotonic, normotonic and sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest allow us to speak about the satisfactory adaptation of the human body to the influence of various environmental factors. The unsatisfactory adaptation of the human body to environmental factors is characterised by a pronounced vagotonic and pronounced sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest.

The functional state of students depending on the ethno-territorial factor

Background and Study Aim. Integration processes in education provide for increased mobility of students from different countries. The related change in environmental parameters, cultural and social standards require additional tension in the work of regulatory mechanisms. This can lead to exhaustion of the body's reserve capabilities, disruption of adaptation and loss of health. The purpose of the work is to investigate the ethno-territorial variability of the functional state and adaptation potential of foreign students studying at Ukrainian universities.&#x0D; Material and Methods. Students of the medical university (n = 488, age 18–25) who came to study in Ukraine from different countries took part in the study. Data were obtained from cross-sectional surveys from 2014 to 2019. Anthropometric measures included body length (LT), body mass (MT). Functional status was assessed by Robinson, Rufier, vital capacity and strength indices. Adaptation capabilities and the level of physical condition of students were also determined. Experimental data were processed using the SPSS program.&#x0D; Results. It was established that the vast majority of students had Robinson index values: low and below average (students from Poland, Bulgaria, Jordan, Egypt); below average level (students from Ukraine, Malaysia and Tunisia); medium (students from India and China). Students from Poland, Jordan and Egypt are characterized by the lowest vital capacity index (52.7 – 54.9 ml·kg-1). Among the residents of India and China there were the most students with above average and high levels of vital capacity index. Most of the students (with the exception of students from Malaysia and Egypt) had a power index at the level of average and above average. The Ruffier index for students was: weak level – students from Poland, Bulgaria, Egypt and Jordan; satisfactory level – students of Tunisia, Ukraine, India and Malaysia; moderate level – students from China. The majority (40–44%) of the examined contingent from Poland, Bulgaria and Jordan was in a pre-diagnostic state. There were14–27% of such students among students from Egypt, China, India and Tunisia. There were about 10% of such students among Ukrainian students. From 6% to 11% of all foreign students were in a pre-morbid state. This condition is characterized by a decrease in the functional reserves of the circulatory system. Among Ukrainian students, there were 2.04% of such students. From 2.44% to 7.69% of foreign students had asthenization of regulatory systems; such a state was not observed among Ukrainian students.&#x0D; Conclusions. The obtained results of the study expand the data on the peculiarities of the physiological state of students of foreign countries and their adaptation capabilities. It is important that students with strained adaptation mechanisms or an unsatisfactory level of adaptation are able to reveal high functional capabilities with individualized physical exercises. An unsatisfactory state of functional systems can stimulate students to increase the body's adaptive resources. This contributes to increasing the level of motor activity and improving physical education courses with training according to an individualized educational program.

Оценка развития выносливости у студентов в аграрном вузе

The article discusses endurance, its role in improving performance capability, the need for mental and physical activity. The value of endurance for the health-improving and training process is analyzed. The article substantiates the importance and necessity of endurance as a physical quality that determines the state of health and the level of physical training. It should be emphasized that the development of endurance contributes to the high functional capabilities of all organs and systems of the body. The results of control standards for the requirements of the university are analyzed. Endurance indicators are analyzed in accordance with the requirements of the GTO standards, and the article assesses the development of students' endurance in an Agricultural University. Method of research. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the results was carried out. Search, analysis, generalization of methodological literature and the method of control tests were used. The study duration is 3 years, from 2016 to 2019. The study involved 74 young men aged 18–24 years. The dynamics of the level of physical training is revealed. The relationship between the level of physical training and the successful implementation of control standards and requirements of the GTO standards is revealed. Test result. According to the results of the study, the average level of endurance development was recorded. At delivery testing of the GTO endurance, revealed that on average, students take norm on a silver GTO badge, 30.5% of students are unable to cope with the demands of the all-Russian sports complex in the test. Analysis of the results of the table of control tests of the University in physical education classes allows us to note an increase in the number of students who completed the control standard by 1, 2, 3 points, as well as a decrease in the number of those who did not pass this test. It is concluded that the average level of physical training for this test is recorded. The development of physical qualities, including endurance, ensures harmonious physical development, strengthening of all systems and organs, increasing functional capabilities, reducing fatigue symptoms, and rapid recovery of the body. The development and improvement of endurance is effectively provided by independent classes in physical education and sports.

FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF A 10-DAY PROGRAM FOR MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION IN EMERCOM OF RUSSIA SPECIALISTS

Relevance. The need to search and develop effective measures for medical and psychological rehabilitation (MPR), which provide optimization of the functional state of specialists of EMERCOM of Russia.Intention. To determine effectiveness factors of a 10 day MPR program for specialists of EMERCOM of Russia. Methodology. The sample consisted of 110 specialists of EMERCOM of Russia units sent for the MPR. The actual functional state of the body was studied with the help of clinical and psychological interviews, functional tests, psychophysiological examinations on the “Psychophysiologist” and “Reacor” hardware complexes, K. Izard’s differential emotions scale adapted by A. Leonova.Results and discussion. According to the results of cluster analysis, the total sample was divided into groups taking into account the level of ability to restore the functional state of the body after the MPR program: high (26.4%), medium (45.4%) and low (28.2%). The low level group included professionals with low mental stress in their activities. Basically, they needed an organized rest and psycho preventive measures. The critical values of the indicators of the functional state of the specialists of the Emercom of Russia in need of conducting MPR are revealed. According to the results of factor analysis, explaining about 53% of the total variance of indicators, the effectiveness of the MPR program is revealed. The designed algorithm of the 10 day MPR program for EMERCOM specialists allows us to reduce neuropsychic stress, form a positive assessment of professional experience, develop stability and endurance of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and achieve high functional capabilities of the body.Conclusion. The factors of effectiveness of the 10 day MPR program for EMERCOM of Russia specialists were determined: low neuropsychic stress, a positive assessment of professional experience, stable functioning, endurance of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, high functional capabilities of the body, and readiness for activity. Functional indicators of the need for MPR are established; taking these into account helps to prescribe specific rehabilitation measures for EMERCOM of Russia specialists.

Activated integrins identify functional antigen-specific CD8+ T cells within minutes after antigen stimulation

Immediate β2-integrin activation upon T cell receptor stimulation is critical for effective interaction between T cells and their targets and may therefore be used for the rapid identification and isolation of functional T cells. We present a simple and sensitive flow cytometry-based assay to assess antigen-specific T cells using fluorescent intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 multimers that specifically bind to activated β2-integrins. The method is compatible with surface and intracellular staining; it is applicable for monitoring of a broad range of virus-, tumor-, and vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells, and for isolating viable antigen-reacting cells. ICAM-1 binding correlates with peptide-MHC multimer binding but, notably, it identifies the fraction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with immediate and high functional capability (i.e., expressing high levels of cytotoxic markers and cytokines). Compared with the currently available methods, staining of activated β2-integrins presents the unique advantage of requiring activation times of only several minutes, therefore delivering functional information nearly reflecting the in vivo situation. Hence, the ICAM-1 assay is most suitable for rapid and precise monitoring of functional antigen-specific T cell responses, including for patient samples in a variety of clinical settings, as well as for the isolation of functional T cells for adoptive cell-transfer immunotherapies.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT THYROID STATUS ON ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND MYOGRAPHICAL PARAMETERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES CONTRACTION IN WHITE RATS.

In experiments on white rats the character of effect of experimental hyperthyroidism was studied on the skeletal muscle (m. tibialis anterior) of white rats. It is shown that at experimental hyperthyroidism (rectal temperature of 38,5±0,10С) a muscle acquires high functional capabilities. It is shown that the latent period of generation and the time of development of positive wave “М-respones” are (-32%) and (- 22%). The latent period of shortening of muscle diminishes (- 23%) at single contraction. During experimental thyrotoxicosis (rectal temperature of 39,4±0,2 0 С) we observed physiopathological changes in the functional state of skeletal muscle: the lengthening of the latent period of generation of “М-respones” (+21%), an increase in the time of development of positive wave (+54%) and of latent period of shortening of muscle (+14%). It is concluded that in experimental hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis the functional state of skeletal muscle changed in different directions.

Longitudinal and Functional Analysis of Spontaneous NY-ESO-1-Specific Antibody Responses in Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Abstract 2831Poster Board II-807Its tumor-restricted expression and its high immunogenicity render cancer-testis (CT) antigen NY-ESO-1 an exquisite target for antigen-specific immunotherapies. Spontaneous antibody responses against NY-ESO-1 are typically found in a subset of patients with solid tumors. However, little is known regarding serological immune responses against NY-ESO-1 in patients with hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM). Furthermore, no consequent longitudinal analyses have been performed correlating NY-ESO-1-specific antibody titers with the clinical development of the given malignancy. Finally, nothing is known regarding the functional capabilities of spontaneously occurring anti-NY-ESO-1 antibodies in MM or other malignancies.Here, we performed the first longitudinal and functional investigation of NY-ESO-1-specific antibody responses in MM analyzing 1100 sera and 200 bone marrow plasma samples of 194 MM patients. Sera and BM plasma samples of 100 healthy donors served as controls.Screening sera and bone marrow plasma of our MM patients by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using full length recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein, we found that 5/194 patients had high-titered antibody responses against this CT antigen. A quantitative B cell ELISPOT demonstrated NY-ESO-1-specific B cells in the peripheral blood as well as in the bone marrow of the respective MM patients. In a western blot analysis, spontaneous NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses in the patients were found to be highly specific for both native and recombinant protein. Epitope mapping in an ELISA using 18 overlapping NY-ESO-1 20mer peptides showed that antibody responses were restricted to the first 70 amino acids of the full-length protein. NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies consisted mainly of IgG1 and to a lower extent of IgG3 subtypes. No IgG2, IgG4, IgM or IgA antibodies against NY-ESO-1 were detected. Interestingly, antibody affinity increased over the course of the disease suggesting an affinity driven antibody maturation. Accordingly, NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies of MM patients were found to be potent complement activators in a western blot technique. On the other hand, despite the high functional capabilities of NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies, antibody titers increased with each NY-ESO-1-expressing (as indicated by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction and immunohistochemistry) recurrence of the disease.In conclusion, we demonstrate here the spontaneous occurrence of high-titered NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies in MM patients. One reason for the relatively low frequency of antibody responses against NY-ESO-1 might be that most patients were in early stages of the disease or in remission at the time the analysis was performed. Antibodies were produced by NY-ESO-1-specific B cells detectable in the bone marrow as well as in the peripheral blood of the patients. NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies were evoked by a distinct and immunodominant fragment of NY-ESO-1. Affinity maturation of this response and complement activation by the spontaneously occurring NY-ESO-1-specific IgG1-type antibodies speak in favour of an effective serological immune response. However, positive correlation of antibody titers with tumor burden and recurrence of the disease suggest an inability of antibodies targeting intracellular protein NY-ESO-1 to control the course of the disease, at least in the long run. Antigen-specific immunotherapy might be necessary to shape NY-ESO-1-specific immunity in MM patients and, particularly, to mobilize tumor-specific T cell responses. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Balancing needs and means: the dilemma of the β‐cell in the modern world

The insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although important for its pathophysiology, is not sufficient to establish the disease unless major deficiency of beta-cell function coexists. This is demonstrated by the fact that near-physiological administration of insulin (CSII) achieved excellent blood glucose control with doses similar to those used in insulin-deficient type 1 diabetics. The normal beta-cell adapts well to the demands of insulin resistance. Also in hyperglycaemic states some degree of adaptation does exist and helps limit the severity of disease. We demonstrate here that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) system might play an important role in this adaptation, because blocking mTORC1 (complex 1) by rapamycin in the nutritional diabetes model Psammomys obesus caused severe impairment of beta-cell function, increased beta-cell apoptosis and progression of diabetes. On the other hand, under exposure to high glucose and FFA (gluco-lipotoxicity), blocking mTORC1 in vitro reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and beta-cell death. Thus, according to the conditions of stress, mTOR may have beneficial or deleterious effects on the beta-cell. beta-Cell function in man can be reduced without T2DM/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Prospective studies have shown subjects with reduced insulin response to present, several decades later, an increased incidence of IGT/T2DM. From these and other studies we conclude that T2DM develops on the grounds of beta-cells whose adaptation capacity to increased nutrient intake and/or insulin resistance is in the lower end of the normal variation. Inborn and acquired factors that limit beta-cell function are diabetogenic only in a nutritional/metabolic environment that requires high functional capabilities from the beta-cell.

Bureaucracy and Development in the Sudan

With good education and a relatively high functional capability, Sudanese Public servants have had the potential to playa major role in the political and socio-economic development of their country. Unfortunately, all development plans since independence have failed to achieve their goals. This failure was caused by administrative inefficiency and obsolete structures, bureaucratic infighting, and the lack of co-ordination, leading to poor implemention and execution of government policies.

Bureaucracy and Development in the Sudan

With good education and a relatively high functional capability, Sudanese Public servants have had the potential to playa major role in the political and socio-economic development of their country. Unfortunately, all development plans since independence have failed to achieve their goals. This failure was caused by administrative inefficiency and obsolete structures, bureaucratic infighting, and the lack of co-ordination, leading to poor implemention and execution of government policies.

The Megacell concept: an approach to painless custom design

Megacell is a complete design package for the creation of complex VLSI chips. It allows system engineers to develop their own custom integrated circuits. The challenge of Megacell was to create a design system that would exploit fully the low-power and high-speed performance of a UK developed 2 μm CMOS technology, while producing the silicon utilisation efficiency typical of full custom design. This was accomplished without losing the now familiar semicustom design attributes of `first-time success', coupled with facilities for the user to complete his own design. The full features of the Megacell design system are described, and projections are made of how its capabilities will be extended as CMOS technology edges towards 1 μm. The provision of a series of cell structures of increasing complexity within Megacell allows the user to optimise his layout, without inducing the uncharacterised variations that would be usual in a full custom design. The cell structure has within it three major types: microcells which are the low-level logic cells found in most array or cell design systems; paracells which are cells of high functional capability, compiled by user software specifically for the customer's application. The paracell is created from parameters, input by the user, as he designs his circuit; and supracells which have the highest complexity and are cells that replicate the function of today's LSI standard products. They include not only digital functions, such as microprocessors, but also analogue blocks such as A/D and D/A convertors. The heart of the Megacell design system is its CAD. Alongside the cell structures, a comprehensive set of integrated design tools has been developed to cover the complete spectrum of user requirements. Included in the system are schematic capture, simulation, test vali

The Megacell concept: an approach to painless custom design

Megacell is a complete design package for the creation of complex VLSI chips. It allows system engineers to develop their own custom integrated circuits. The challenge of Megacell was to create a design system that would exploit fully the low-power and high-speed performance of a UK developed 2 μm CMOS technology, while producing the silicon utilisation efficiency typical of full custom design. This was accomplished without losing the now familiar semicustom design attributes of ‘first-time success’, coupled with facilities for the user to complete his own design. The full features of the Megacell design system are described, and projections are made of how its capabilities will be extended as CMOS technology edges towards 1 μm. The provision of a series of cell structures of increasing complexity within Megacell allows the user to optimise his layout, without inducing the uncharacterised variations that would be usual in a full custom design. The cell structure has within it three major types: microcells which are the low-level logic cells found in most array or cell design systems; paracells which are cells of high functional capability, compiled by user software specifically for the customer&apos;s application. The paracell is created from parameters, input by the user, as he designs his circuit; and supracells which have the highest complexity and are cells that replicate the function of today&apos;s LSI standard products. They include not only digital functions, such as microprocessors, but also analogue blocks such as A/D and D/A convertors. The heart of the Megacell design system is its CAD. Alongside the cell structures, a comprehensive set of integrated design tools has been developed to cover the complete spectrum of user requirements. Included in the system are schematic capture, simulation, test validation and generation, as well as full layout capabilities.