High Fiber Intake Research Articles

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio.

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of a personalised low-calorie Mediterranean Diet (MD) in promoting fat mass (FM) reduction while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study involved 100 Caucasian adults aged 18-65 years who followed a tailored low-calorie MD for two months. The total energy expenditure was assessed using a multi-sensor armband. The change in body composition (BC) was evaluated using the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, calculated as the difference in the FM to FFM ratio before and after the diet, divided by the ratio before the diet, and multiplied by 100. A negative value indicates a greater decrease in FM than FFM, while a positive value suggests a greater increase in FM than FFM. This study demonstrated a significant FM reduction, with an average decrease of 5% (p < 0.001). However, the relationship between caloric reduction and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio showed a weak negative correlation (r = -0.03, p > 0.05). This suggests that the calorie deficit had a minimal direct impact on the BC changes. Subjects over the age of 30 showed an increase in muscle mass, while younger subjects showed no significant changes. Moreover, a direct correlation was observed between the changes in MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) values and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, indicating that improved average physical activity intensity positively influences BC. In the female subgroup, high protein intake, exercise intensity, and the duration of physical activity were positively correlated with an improvement in the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. However, for individuals with BMI 20-25 kg/m2, high fibre intake was surprisingly negatively correlated with the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. This study underscores the intricate interplay between calorie restriction, physical activity intensity, and BC changes. It also suggests that individual factors, including age, gender, and BMI, may influence the response to a low-calorie MD. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings.

Different dietary carbohydrate component intakes and long-term outcomes in patients with NAFLD: results of longitudinal analysis from the UK Biobank

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between the intake of different dietary carbohydrate components and the long-term outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe used prospective data from 26,729 NAFLD participants from the UK Biobank cohort study. Dietary information was recorded by online 24-hour questionnaires (Oxford WebQ). Consumption of different carbohydrate components was calculated by the UK Nutrient Databank Food Composition Table. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A substitution model was used to estimate the associations of hypothetical substitution for free sugars.ResultsDuring a median of 10.5 (IQR: 10.2–11.2) years and a total of 280,135 person-years of follow-up, 310 incident end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and 1750 deaths were recorded. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multi-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of incident ESLD in the highest quartile were 1.65 (1.14–2.39) for free sugars, 0.51 (0.35–0.74) for non-free sugars, and 0.55 (0.36–0.83) for fiber. For overall mortality, the multi-adjusted HRs (95% CI) in the highest quartile were 1.21 (1.04–1.39) for free sugars, 0.79 (0.68–0.92) for non-free sugars, and 0.79 (0.67–0.94) for fiber. Substituting free sugars with equal amounts of non-free sugars, starch or fiber was associated with a lower risk of incident ESLD and overall mortality.ConclusionsA lower intake of free sugars and a higher intake of fiber are associated with a lower incidence of ESLD and overall mortality in NAFLD patients. These findings support the important role of the quality of dietary carbohydrates in preventing ESLD and overall mortality in NAFLD patients.

COPD, Dietary Fiber Intake, and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2011-2014

ABSTRACT Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the modifying role of dietary fiber intake in the relationship between COPD and cognitive performance. Methods Data of adults aged ≥60 years were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Participants with information on cognitive function measures were included. Dietary fiber intake, identified using participants’ 24-h recall surveys, was grouped into high (>25 g/day) and low (≤25 g/day) levels. COPD was identified through self-reported physician diagnoses. Associations between dietary fiber intake, cognitive function and COPD were evaluated using the regression analysis. Results Data of 2,189 participants were analyzed. Multivariate analysis revealed that COPD was significantly associated with lowered CERAD (adjusted beta [aBeta]: −0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.33 to −0.002, p = .047) and DSST (aBeta: −2.23, 95% CI: −4.25 to −0.2, p = .032) scores in older adults. The analysis on the association between COPD and cognitive function stratified by dietary fiber intake revealed that COPD remained significantly associated with lowered CREAD among individuals with a high fiber intake (aBeta: −0.54, 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.08, p = .024). Conclusions In US older adults, COPD is associated with reduced cognitive function. However, the findings do not support that high dietary fiber intake may modify the association between COPD and cognitive impairment.

Nutritional status of flexitarians compared to vegans and omnivores - a cross-sectional pilot study

BackgroundIn the Western world, there has been a notable rise in the popularity of plant-based, meat-reduced flexitarian diets. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the nutritional status of individuals following this dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intake and endogenous status of various nutrients in a healthy German adult study population consisting of flexitarians (FXs), vegans (Vs) and omnivores (OMNs).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, dietary intake of 94 non-smoking adults (32 FXs, 33 Vs, 29 OMNs) between 25 and 45 years of age was assessed using 3-day dietary records. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine different endogenous nutrient status markers.Results32%, 82% and 24% of the FXs, Vs, and OMNs respectively reported using dietary supplements. In the FXs, intake of total energy as well as macronutrients and most micronutrients were within the reference range. FXs had higher intakes of fiber, retinol-equ., ascorbic acid, folate-equ., tocopherol-equ., calcium, and magnesium compared to OMNs. However, cobalamin intake in FXs (2.12 µg/d) was below the reference (4 µg/d). Based on 4cB12, 13% of FXs showed a cobalamin undersupply [< -0.5 to -2.5] compared to 10% of OMNs, and 9% of Vs. The median 25(OH)D serum concentrations in FXs, Vs and OMNs were 46.6, 55.6, and 59.6 nmol/L. The prevalence of an insufficient/deficient vitamin-D status [< 49.9 nmol 25(OH)D/L] was highest in FXs (53%), followed by Vs (34%) and OMNs (27%). In FXs and Vs, the supplement takers had better cobalamin and vitamin-D status than non-supplement takers. Anemia and depleted iron stores were found only occasionally in all groups. In women, the prevalence of pre-latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency was highest in FXs (67%) compared to Vs (61%) and OMNs (54%).ConclusionOur findings indicated that all three diets delivered sufficient amounts of most macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in cobalamin, vitamin-D, and iron status were common across all diets. Further studies are needed to investigate the nutrient supply status and health consequences of meat-reduced plant-based diets. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (number: DRKS 00019887, data: 08.01.2020).

Interplay between diet, circulating indolepropionate concentrations and cardiometabolic health in US populations

ObjectivesTo identify indolepropionate (IPA)-predicting gut microbiota species, investigate potential diet–microbiota interactions, and examine the prospective associations of circulating IPA concentrations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD)...

Higher intakes of fiber, total vegetables, and fruits may attenuate the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a large prospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough studies have reported an inverse association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, the issue remains incompletely defined in the Middle Eastern population.AimsThe current study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsA total of 48632 participants (mean age = 52years), 57.5% (n = 27974) women and 42.5% (n = 20658) men, were recruited from an ongoing large-scale prospective cohort study (the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS)), in the north of Iran. Using a validated semi-quantitative 116-item food questionnaire, dietary intakes were collected. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were reported.ResultsAfter approximately 14 years of follow-up, 10,774 deaths were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those in the lowest quintile of intake, those in the second and third quintiles of dietary fiber intake had a 7%-10% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality, and a 15%-17% reduction in the risk of mortality from other causes. Increasing consumption of fruits was also associated with a decreased risk of mortality for all-cause mortality by 9%-11%, and all cancer by 15–20%. Further, those in the third and fourth quintiles of vegetables intake had 11%-12% lower risk for CVD mortality.DiscussionThe results from the GCS further support the current recommendations on following a healthy diet containing proper amounts of fiber, vegetables, and fruits, as health-protective dietary items.ConclusionsHigher intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables has the potential to reduce both overall and cause-specific mortality rates. However, additional cohort studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up durations are required to establish these findings.

211 Evaluation of Beef Heifer Variability in the Ability to Eat and Digest a High Forage Diet

Abstract This study evaluated beef heifers selected for high or low digestible fiber intake (DFI) and investigated its relationship with methane production, residual feed intake (RFI), and total tract digestibility. Sixteen recently weaned black Angus beef heifers (n = 8/treatment) were selected from a group 64 heifers (224 ± 17.2 kg) fed a high forage-based diet [70% barley silage:30% pelleted concentrate (DM basis)]. The 64 heifers were fed in 6 outdoor pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks to monitor feed intake for 60 d (14 d adaptation + 46 d for data collection). Individual fecal samples and BW, and feed samples were taken once weekly. Fecal samples were pooled by animal. Feed and fecal samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) content. The internal marker uNDF was used to estimate total tract diet DM and NDF digestibility. The 8 heifers with the greatest and the 8 with the least digestible NDF intake (g/kg BW0.75) were selected and used for methane measurements using the GreenFeed system (42 d) and in a total-tract digestibility trial with total fecal and urine collection using the same high forage based diet. Results from the GrowSafe selection trial indicated no differences between the average BW of low and high DFI heifers (264 vs. 274 kg, P = 0.20). Heifers selected for high DFI had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) DM and NDF intake (kg/d or % of BW), and digestibility (49.6 vs. 42.1% NDF digestibility). The heifer groups differed in RFI (P &amp;lt; 0.01), with high DFI categorized as inefficient (+0.84 RFI) and low DFI as efficient (-0.34 RFI). No differences in ADG were observed between low and high DFI heifers during this short 46 d study period (0.614 vs 0.773, P = 0.16). High DFI heifers had lower methane production than low DFI heifers (15.9 vs. 19.0 g/kg of DMI, P = 0.02). The results of the total-tract digestibility trial showed that the high DFI heifers had a greater DMI compared with the low DFI heifers (10.9 vs. 10.2 kg/d; P = 0.04). The DMI intake was not different between groups when expressed as a % of BW (2.06 vs 2.04, P = 0.65). There was also no difference observed for DM digestibility (73.0 vs 73.1%) between the two groups. It is important to note that in the digestibility study, the DMI was less than in the GrowSafe selection trial (2.5 vs 3.2% BW) and this may have influenced results. Heifers with high DFI were heavier than low DFI heifers (533 vs. 505, P = 0.02) during the digestibility trial. Results suggest that selecting heifers for high DFI may increase growth rate and reduce methane production.

Longitudinal associations of macronutrient and micronutrient intake with plasma kynurenines in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months posttreatment

BackgroundThe tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is increasingly recognized to play a role in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after cancer. Because tryptophan is an essential amino acid, and vitamins and minerals act as enzymatic cofactors in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, a link between diet and kynurenines is plausible. ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of macronutrient and micronutrient intake with metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors up to 12 mo posttreatment. MethodsIn a prospective cohort of stage I–III CRC survivors (n = 247), repeated measurements were performed at 6 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo posttreatment. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake was measured by 7-d dietary records. Plasma concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenines were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Longitudinal associations were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. ResultsAfter adjustment for multiple testing, higher total protein intake was positively associated with kynurenic acid (KA) (β as standard deviation [SD] change in KA concentration per 1 SD increase in total protein intake: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20), xanthurenic acid (XA) (standardized β: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.33), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA) (standardized β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.27) concentrations, and the kynurenic acid-to-quinolinic acid ratio (KA/QA) (standardized β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02,0.22). In contrast, higher total carbohydrate intake was associated with lower XA concentrations (standardized β: −0.18; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.07), a lower KA/QA (standardized β: −0.23; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.13), and a higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) (standardized β: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.30). Higher fiber intake was associated with a higher KA/QA (standardized β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21) and a lower KTR (standardized β: −0.12; 95% CI: −0.20, −0.03). Higher total fat intake was also associated with higher tryptophan (Trp) concentrations (standardized β: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.30) and a lower KTR (standardized β: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.22, −0.03). For micronutrients, positive associations were observed for zinc with XA (standardized β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) (standardized β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20) concentrations and for magnesium with KA/QA (standardized β: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.36). ConclusionsOur findings show that intake of several macronutrients and micronutrients is associated with some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in CRC survivors up to 12 mo posttreatment. These results may be relevant for enhancing HRQoL after cancer through potential diet-induced changes in kynurenines. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

Anemia and frailty in the aging population: implications of dietary fiber intake (findings of the US NHANES from 2007–2018)

BackgroundFrailty has long been seen as an indicator of reduced physical functions in the elderly, which may be caused by a variety of chronic illnesses or cancerous tumors. Dietary fiber was connected with anemia and frailty, whereas it was uncertain if dietary fiber consumption modifies the impact of anemia on frailty in elderly adults.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis using older adults aged 60 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 cycles. Dietary fiber intake was estimated using two 24-h dietary recalls. Participants were dichotomized as frail or non-frail based on a modified Fried physical frailty phenotype from previous NHANES studies. The weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for the associations between hemoglobin levels and frailty at high- and low-dietary fiber intake levels.ResultsA total of 9644 older adults were included in this study, and the weighted sample was 56,403,031, of whom 3,569,186 (6.3%) were deemed to be frail, and the remainder were deemed to be non-frail. Among the low dietary fiber intake group, higher hemoglobin was significantly associated with a lower risk of frailty (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.87), and anemia was associated with an almost threefold elevated risk of frailty (OR = 3.24, 95% CI:1.98–5.29) in the fully adjusted model. However, this phenomenon was not observed in groups with high dietary fiber intake. In addition, L-shaped dose response relationship was found in the high dietary fiber intake group (P overall association < 0.001; P non-linear association = 0.076). Whereas the dose response relationship was not significant in the high dietary fiber intake group (P overall association 0.752; P non-linear association = 0.734).ConclusionsFrailty was positively associated with the severity of anemia in older adults with low, but not high, dietary fiber intake. Adequate fiber intake may be an innovative dietary strategy to reduce frailty in older adults.

Dietary fiber intake and cognitive impairment in older patients with chronic kidney disease in the United States: A cross-sectional study.

High-fiber diet has been associated with better cognitive performance. However, the association between dietary fiber intake and cognition in older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber intake on cognition in older patients with CKD. This study included participants aged ≥60 years who provided data on social demography, cognitive tests (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning [CERAD-WL], CERAD Delayed Recall [CERAD-DR], Animal Fluency Test [AFT], and Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), diet, and other potential cognition-related variables from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Fully-adjusted multivariate logistic regression subgroup models were performed, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine the association between dietary fiber intake and cognition in patients with CKD. A total of 2461 older adults were included, with 32% who suffered from CKD. Participants with CKD scored lower in CERAD-WL, CERAD-DR, AFT, and DSST. Patients with CKD consuming low dietary fiber (≤25 g/day) had a higher risk of CERAD-WL and DSST impairments. High dietary fiber intake eliminated the differences in CERAD-WL and DSST impairments between the CKD and non-CKD participants. However, no associations were observed between CKD and CERAD-DR and AFT impairments regardless of dietary fiber intake. A positive linear relationship between dietary fiber intake and AFT score was observed in older patients with CKD. High dietary fiber intake may benefit cognitive function in older patients with CKD. High-fiber diet management strategies could potentially mitigate cognitive impairment in this group of patients.

High-fiber diet and rope-skipping benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults: A randomized controlled trial

Previous studies have shown that high intake of dietary fiber (DF) and efficient levels of physical activity are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and elderly populations with cardiometabolic disease. However, evidence from young adults with low cardiometabolic risk is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various interventions including a high-fiber (HF) diet and the rope-skipping (RS) exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) and the composition of the gut microbiota in young adults. A 12-week parallel-designed randomized controlled trial was conducted in undergraduates (n = 96), who were randomly assigned to the HF group (≥20 g/d DF), the RS group (2000 jumps/week), and the control (CON) group. Among the 84 people who completed the trial, measurements of anthropometric characteristics, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention. After the intervention, the RS exercise led to a significant decrease in the heart rate and triglyceride levels compared to the CON group (all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in CRFs between the HF and CON groups. When compared to baseline, the 12-week HF diet intervention resulted in an increase in fat-free mass, and a decrease in the percentage of body fat and waist circumference (all P < 0.05). With regard to gut microbiota alterations after intervention, we found that compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased significantly in both the HF group and the RS group, Muribaculaceae decreased in the RS group, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group decreased in the HF group (all P < 0.05). Finally, shifts in 7 metabolic pathways were detected in the RS group using predictive functional profiling, while only one pathway was altered in the HF group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the RS exercise improved body composition compared to the CON group in young adults, while the HF diet just enhanced CRFs in contrast to baseline. Furthermore, both RS and HF interventions altered Lactobacillus and various other gut microbiota. The results indicated that the HF diet and RS exercise could partly benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04834687.

Do markers of adiposity and glycaemia mediate the association between low carbohydrate diet and cardiovascular risk factors: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2016

ObjectivesTo examine the associations between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and conventional cardiovascular risk factors and investigate whether these associations are mediated by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and...

Nutrition literacy status and its association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric parameters and lifestyle behaviours among early adolescents.

To evaluate nutrition literacy status and its association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), anthropometric parameters and lifestyle behaviours among early adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study. Nutrition literacy was evaluated using the 'Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale'. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h food recall. The 'Mediterranean Diet Quality Index' was used to evaluate adolescents' adherence to the MD. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Body weight, height, waist, hip and neck circumference were measured. Four secondary schools in İzmir, Türkiye. The study included 1074 secondary school students. Adolescents' nutrition literacy was at a moderate level. Nutrition literacy scores were significantly lower in those who skip main meals. Adolescents with high nutrition literacy had higher intakes of fibre, protein, protein, Ca, K, Mg, P, vitamin C, folate and Fe intake than those with low and moderate nutrition literacy (P < 0·05). According to IPAQ, active adolescents had higher nutrition literacy scores than inactive adolescents. There was no significant difference in BMI and anthropometric measurements of the adolescents according to their nutrition literacy level. Linear regression analysis showed that each unit increase in nutrition literacy increased adherence to the MD by 0·286 points (β = 0·286) and decreased total screen time by 0·182 points (β = -0·182). These findings showed that nutrition literacy among early adolescents was not optimal, and a higher nutrition literacy score was significantly associated with higher MD adherence, and healthy eating habits and lifestyle behaviours.

Influence of polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R on metabolic and inflammatory status and food intake in Brazilian adults: An exploratory pilot study

Polymorphisms in genes of leptin-melanocortin and insulin pathways have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R influence metabolic and inflammatory markers and food intake composition in Brazilian subjects. This exploratory pilot study included 358 adult subjects. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained through interview and access to medical records. The variants IRS1 rs2943634 A˃C, IRS2 rs1865434 C>T, MC3R rs3746619 C>A, and MC4R rs17782313 T>C were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Food intake composition was assessed in a group of subjects with obesity (n = 84) before and after a short-term nutritional counseling program (9 weeks). MC4R rs17782313 was associated with increased risk of obesity (P = .034). Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted by covariates indicated associations of IRS2 rs1865434 with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and resistin, MC3R rs3746619 with high glycated hemoglobin, and IRS1 rs2943634 and MC4R rs17782313 with increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < .05). Energy intake and carbohydrate and total fat intakes were reduced after the diet-oriented program (P < .05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed associations of IRS2 rs1865434 with high basal fiber intake, IRS1 rs2943634 with low postprogram carbohydrate intake, and MC4R rs17782313 with low postprogram total fat and saturated fatty acid intakes (P < .05). Although significant associations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method in this exploratory study, polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R influence metabolic and inflammatory status in Brazilian adults. IRS1 and MC4R variants may influence carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated fatty acid intakes in response to a diet-oriented program in subjects with obesity.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Related to High Intake of Ultra-Processed Food in Old Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

In the last few decades the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) worldwide has substantially augmented. Increasing evidence suggests that high UPF consumption is associated with an increase in non-communicable diseases, being overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess how UPF consumption affects oxidative and inflammatory status in the plasma, neutrophils, and urine of old adults with metabolic syndrome. Participants (n = 92) were classified into two groups according to UPF consumption. Dietary intakes were measured by a validated semi-quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire and UPF consumption was determined according to the NOVA classification system. Low UPF consumers showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet than high UPF consumers. A high intake of fiber and a high concentration of polyphenols in urine were also observed in subjects with low UPF consumption. Despite the absence of differences in biochemical profile, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers showed some significant changes. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower in high UPF consumers, whereas myeloperoxidase activity was higher. ROS production in neutrophils stimulated with zymosan was higher in high UPF consumers than in low UPF consumers. Biomarkers such as xanthine oxidase, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, and leptin levels were higher in participants with high intake of UPF. No differences were found in malondialdehyde and other inflammatory cytokines. The current study evidenced that MetS participants with high UPF consumption have a more pro-oxidant and inflammatory profile than those with low UPF consumption, despite showing similar blood biochemical profiles.

Association of Dietary Fiber, Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Risk of Death in Tumor Survivors: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2018.

Dietary fiber is a functional substance with strong antioxidant activity that plays an important role in human health. Dietary fiber has been shown to reduce the risks of many types of cancers, but whether it can reduce the risk of death in cancer survivors remains undetermined. This study included the dietary data of cancer survivors who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2018. Firstly, the relationship between fiber intake and composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) was explored by weighted multiple regression and smooth curve. Subsequently, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the effects of dietary fiber intake and CDAI level on the risks of all-cause, tumor, and cardiovascular death among cancer survivors. A total of 2077 participants were included in the study, representing approximately 11,854,509 cancer survivors in the United States. The dietary fiber intake of tumor survivors had a nonlinear positive relationship with CDAI levels (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.40, p = 0.004). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that high dietary fiber intake and CDAI levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and tumor death in tumor survivors, but were not associated with the risk of cardiovascular death. An increased dietary fiber intake can enhance the body's antioxidant capacity. A higher dietary fiber intake and CDAI level may reduce the risk of all-cause and tumor death in tumor survivors.

1382-P: Relationship between Diabetes Diet–Related Quality of Life and Dietary Fiber Intake among People with Type 2 Diabetes—A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between diabetes diet-related quality of life (QoL) and diet intake in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (67.5±10.7 years and 62.2% men). Methods: Diabetes diet-related QoL and nutritional intake were evaluated using the DDRQoL-R-9, including satisfaction with diet, perceived merits of diet therapy, and burden of diet therapy, and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Results: Table shows that perceived merits of diet therapy were positively correlated with glycemic control, although burden of diet therapy was negatively correlated with glycemic control and that dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with burden of diet therapy, although positively correlated with perceived merits of diet therapy. Dietary fiber intake was associated with perceived merits of diet therapy (β = 0.390, p &amp;lt; 0.001), burden of diet therapy (β = −0.215, p = 0.013), and satisfaction with diet (β = 0.177, p = 0.036), after adjusting for covariates. Discussion: People who have poor glycemic control despite diet therapy may have been overburdened by the diet therapy. High dietary fiber intake may affect increased burden of diet therapy although the perceived benefits of the diet therapy. Conclusion: Dietary fiber intake is associated with diabetes diet-related QoL in people with T2D. Disclosure F. Takahashi: None. Y. Hashimoto: Speaker's Bureau; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Kowa Company, Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim. Y. Kondo: None. M. Hamaguchi: Research Support; Yamada Bee Company, Inc. M. Yamazaki: None. M. Fukui: None.

Higher Fiber Intake is Associated with Reduced Risk of Related Surgery among Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundEvidence for the effects of dietary fiber on adverse outcomes in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is insufficient and controversial. ObjectivesWe aimed to prospectively explore the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of IBD-related surgery. MethodsWe identified 5580 individuals with diagnosed IBD [Crohn disease (CD, n = 1908) and ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 3672)] at baseline in the UK Biobank via electronic medical records and self-reported information. Dietary fiber intake was estimated by a partial fiber score derived from a valid food frequency questionnaire. IBD-related surgery (enterotomy, perianal surgery, and others) was ascertained via inpatient data. Cox proportional model was applied to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dietary fiber in quartiles for the risk of IBD-related surgery. ResultsDuring a mean follow-up period of 11.2 y, we documented 624 IBD-related surgery among 5580 individuals with IBD (mean age, 57.3; 52.8% females). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartiles, those with second to fourth quartiles of fiber intake were associated with 23% (95% CI: 5%, 38%, P = 0.015), 29% (95% CI: 11%, 43%, P = 0.003), and 28% (95% CI: 10%, 43%, P = 0.005) reduced risk (P-trend = 0.002) of IBD-related surgery. Similar associations were observed in CD (P-trend = 0.005) but not UC (P-trend = 0.131). We observed inverse associations of fiber in vegetables and fruits (P-trend = 0.017 and 0.007) but positive associations of fiber in bread (P-trend = 0.046) with the risk of IBD-related surgery. ConclusionsHigher intake of fiber is associated with reduced IBD-related surgery risk in patients with IBD with CD but not UC.

#2613 DIETARY FIBER INTAKE, THEIR SOURCES AND MORTALITY IN ADULTS ON HEMODIALYSIS: THE DIET-HD STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Higher fiber intake is associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population, but their benefits and which sources of fiber are healthier in patients on hemodialysis are uncertain. Method Daily fiber intake (DFI) and their sources (vegetable and fruit, staple food and other sources) were ascertained by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network food frequency questionnaire within the DIET-HD study, a multinational cohort study of adults on hemodialysis. Adjusted Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association of DFI and fiber sources (vegetable and fruit, staple foods, others[including dressing sauce etc.]) (both as tertiles and continuous) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Estimates were calculated as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results 8,110 patients were followed for median of 3.8 years (26,074 person-years). There were 2,953 deaths, of which 1160 cardiovascular-related. The median (interquartile range) DFI was 12.0 (8.1-17.5) gram per day and vegetables and fruits (49%) were the major source. Each unit increase in total DFI was not associated with either all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95%CI:0.98-1.00, p = 0.37)or cardiovascular mortality (HR,0.99;95%CI:0.98-1.00, p = 0.08). Compared with patients in the lowest DFI tertiles (&amp;lt;9.5mg/day), the adjusted HRs for cardiovascular mortality among those in the middle (9.5-15.3 g/day) and highest tertiles (≥15.3 g/day) were respectively 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84-1. 13] and 0.79 (95%CI, 0.65-0.96) (P value per trend = 0.02). Each unit increase in fraction of DFI from vegetable and fruit was associated with lower all-cause (HR,0.70;95%CI: 0.57-0.86, p = 0.001) but not with cardiovascular mortality (HR,0.75;95%CI: 0.54-1.04, p = 0.08). Each unit increase in the fraction of DFI from other sources (including dressing sauce etc.) was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.22-2.27, p = 0.001) but not with cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1. 63; 95%CI, 0.83-2.24, p = 0.23). No association were observed between fiber from staple food and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion Fiber intake in the hemodialysis population is low. A higher fiber intake from vegetable and fruit, and a lower fiber intake from other sources (including dressing sauce etc.) is associated with lower all-cause death.

Associations of diet with survival of patients (pts) with metastatic cancer of the urothelium (mUC) and renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

4598 Background: The gut microbiome is an emerging modifiable predictor of ICB efficacy. Diet impacts the gut microbiome and fiber intake is associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced melanoma treated with ICB. Whether diet impacts ICB benefit in mUC or mRCC remains unknown. Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, baseline dietary data were collected from pts with mUC or mRCC initiating ICB at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center using the extensively validated Harvard Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was estimated by next generation sequencing (MSK-IMPACT). The primary endpoint was radiologist assessed PFS, with secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS). Fiber intake was stratified as high or low using the median intake in our cohort. Associations between fiber intake and clinical outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves plus univariable (UV) and multivariable (MV) Cox proportional hazards regression. Models were adjusted for prior ICB exposure. Models for mUC controlled for TMB and Bellmunt risk factors. Models for mRCC controlled for histology (clear vs non-clear cell) and IMDC risk score. Results: From 2/2021-6/2022, 88 pts eligible for analysis were enrolled with median follow-up of 10.1 months (mo) (mUC n = 40; mRCC n = 48). Median fiber intake was 17.5 g/day (interquartile range 12.5-24.5). Among pts with mUC, high fiber intake (≥17.5 g/day) was associated with longer PFS (UV hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI 0.26-1.19, p = .13; MV HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.93, p = .03). Similar trends were observed for mRCC. In subgroup analyses, PFS was numerically longer with high fiber intake among mUC pts on maintenance avelumab (median PFS 6.1 vs 3.0 mo, n = 14) and in pts with mRCC treated with first-line (1L) ipilimumab + nivolumab (median PFS 18.0 vs 5.7 mo, n = 14) and 1L ICB + tyrosine kinase inhibitor (median PFS not reached vs 5.1 mo, n = 21). Among pts with mUC on non-maintenance ICB, pts with high fiber intake had numerically higher PFS at 6 mo (38% vs 14%, n = 26). Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that high fiber intake is associated with longer PFS among pts with mUC on ICB. Trends towards longer PFS and OS with high fiber intake were observed among pts with mRCC. Analyses of the gut microbiome are underway to investigate mechanisms of action. [Table: see text]