High-energy Spectra Research Articles

A study on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of PVD TiAlN/TiAlCrSiN deposited on Re doped Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Re doped TiCN-based cermet substrates were prepared and coated with bilayer TiAlN/TiAlCrSiN to investigate the influencing mechanism of Re on structural evolution and mechanical performance of substrates and coatings. The results showed the grain size of hard phase particles decreased with the increase of Re content. The existence form of Re in cermets was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy spectrum analysis (EDS). Conclusions could be drawn that Re existed in solid solution and free state. Meanwhile, fcc-Co expanded to form hcp-Co structure, and twins was detected. According the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) curves calculated by first principles, it showed that the dissolution of Re into Co reduced the stable SFE γsf, unstable twinning SFE γut and twinning SFE γtsf of fccCo, promoting the formation of hcp-Co and twins. Cermets containing 0 wt% Re exhibited the strong preferred textures of {001}. However, the preferred orientation was obviously weakened in cermets containing 5 wt% Re, which indicated Re added into ceramic metals could restrain the preferred growth of {001} textures. The nanoindentation curves showed coatings on substrates with 5 wt% Re had the highest nanohardness value of 31.258GPa, which attributed to Re diffusion into TiAlCrSiN/TiAlN and refinement of core-rim grains. However, it was found that coatings on cermets with 5 wt% Re showed the lowest bonding strength due to the huge lattice structural difference between fcc-TiAlCrSiN and hcp-co substrate. In conclusion, bilayer TiAlCrSiN/TiAlN coatings deposited on TiCN-based cermets with 3 wt% Re possessed the best comprehensive performance, combining the various factors such as nanohardness, surface roughness, bonding strength and wear resistance.

High-energy X-ray spectrum reconstruction: solving the inverse problem from optimized multi-material transmission measurements

Reconstructing the unknown spectrum of a given X-ray source is a common problem in a wide range of X-ray imaging tasks. For high-energy sources, transmission measurements are mostly used to recover the X-ray spectrum, as a solution to an inverse problem. While this inverse problem is usually under-determined, ill-posedness can be reduced by improving the choice of transmission measurements. A recently proposed approach optimizes custom thicknesses of calibration materials used to generate transmission measurements, employing a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the system matrix before inversion. In this paper, we generalize the proposed approach to multiple calibration materials and show a much larger decrease of the condition number of the system matrix than thickness-only optimization. Additionally, the spectrum reconstruction pipeline is tested in a simulation study with a challenging high-energy Bremsstrahlung X-ray source encountered in Linear Induction Accelerators with strong scatter noise. Using this approach, a realistic noise level is obtained on measurements. A generic anti-scatter grid is designed to reduce noise to an acceptable -yet still high-noise range. A novel noise-robust reconstruction method is then presented, which shows much less sensitive to initialization than common expectation-maximization approaches, enables a precise choice of spectrum resolution and a controlled injection of prior knowledge of the X-ray spectrum.

Spectral performance of two split-filter dual-energy CT systems: A phantom study.

Recently, a second generation of split filter dual-energy CT (SFCT) platform has been developed. The thicknesses of the gold and tin filters used to obtain both low- and high-energy spectra have been changed. These differences in filter thickness may affect the spectral separation between the two spectra and thus the quality of spectral images. To compare the spectral performance of two Split-Filter Dual-Energy CT systems (SFCT-1st and SFCT-2nd ) on virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) and iodine map. A Multi-Energy CT phantom was scanned on two SFCT with a tube voltage of 120 kVp for both systems (SFCT-1st -120 and SFCT-2nd -120) and 140 kVp only for the second generation (SFCT-2nd -140). Acquisitions were performed on the phantom with a CTDIvol close to 11 mGy. Noise power spectrum (NPS) and task-based transfer function (TTF) were evaluated on VMIs from 40 to 70keV. A detectability index (d') was computed to assess the detection of two contrast-enhanced lesions on VMIs. Hounsfield Unit (HU) accuracy was assessed on VMIs and the accuracy of iodine concentration was assessed on iodine maps. For all keV, noise magnitude values were lower with the SFCT-2nd -120 than with the SFCT-1st -120 (on average: -22.5±2.9%) and higher with the SFCT-2nd -140 than with the SFCT-2nd -120 (on average: 25.0±6.2%). Average NPS spatial frequencies (fav ) were lower with the SFCT-1st -120 than with the SFCT-2nd -120 (-6.0±0.5%) and the SFCT-2nd -140 (-3.6±1.6%). Similar TTF50% values were found for both systems and both kVp for blood and iodine inserts at 2mg/mL (0.29±0.01mm-1 ) and at 4mg/mL (0.31±0.01mm-1 ). d' values peaked at 40keV for the SFCT-2nd and at 70keV for the SFCT-1st . Highest d' values were found for the SFCT-2nd -120 for both simulated lesions. Accuracy of HU values and iodine concentration was higher with the SFCT-2nd than with the SFCT 1st . Compared to the SFCT-1st , with similar spatial resolution and noise texture values, the SFCT-2nd -120 exhibited the lowest values for noise magnitude, the highest detectability index values, and more accurate HU values and iodine concentrations.

The Analytical Expression of Lightning Channel Base Current by Lorentzian Pulse Fitting

Aiming for the robustness improvement in a noisy environment, we propose a new representation method based on Lorentzian pulse fitting for the analytical expression process of the measured lightning channel base current (LCBC) in this article. The Lorentzian pulse train is determined only by a finite number of free parameters, which can be estimated from the high-energy part of the LCBC signal spectrum. To obtain Fourier coefficients from the LCBC measurements, we design a sum-of-sinc digital filter. In addition, we propose a denoising algorithm based on nuclear norm minimization to improve the accuracy of the parameter estimation process. By using only the high-energy spectrum region, our method is more resistant to noise during the fitting process. Furthermore, although the Lorentzian pulse fitting method cannot strictly achieve the value of LCBC as 0 at the time of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t=0_+$</tex-math></inline-formula> , it provides a simple and integrable expression form in the time domain, which has great application value in the analysis of lightning magnetic field characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves higher analytical expression accuracy for LCBC signal in noisy environments than the classical versions, both in terms of the signal itself and its first derivative.

Spectrum of the Hole Excitation in Spin-Orbit Mott Insulator Na2IrO3

We study the motion of a hole with internal degrees of freedom, introduced to the zigzag magnetic ground state of Na2IrO3, by using the self-consistent Born approximation. We find that the low-, intermediate-, and high-energy spectra are primarily attributed to the singlet, triplet, and quintet hole contributions, respectively. The spectral functions exhibit distinct features such as the electron-like dispersion of low-energy states near the Γ point, the maximum M-point intensity of mid-energy states, and the hole-like dispersion of high-energy states. These features are robust and almost insensitive to the exchange model and Hund’s coupling, and are in qualitative agreement with the angular-resolved photoemission spectra observed in Na2IrO3. Our results reveal that the interference between internal degrees of freedom in different sublattices plays an important role in inducing the complex dispersions.

Peak intensities in Auger electron spectroscopy for quantification: Relationship between differentiated spectral intensities and direct peak areas

In Auger electron spectroscopy, qualitative analyses are performed by using high-energy resolution direct spectra with a spherical capacitor analyzer (SCA). Although it is used to carry out quantitative analyses with differentiated spectra, high-energy resolution spectra measured with an SCA differ from those obtained with conventional energy resolution measurements using a cylindrical mirror analyzer. When we attempt quantitative analyses by applying direct spectra, this does not allow the use of previously accumulated analytical parameters for differentiated spectra, such as relative sensitivity factors. Therefore, we clarified the relationship between Auger direct spectral intensities and differentiated spectral intensities, and we defined a correction factor enabling the use of the analytical parameters given by differentiated spectra to direct spectra. To estimate the direct spectral area contributing to a quantitative analysis, the background of the direct spectrum is subtracted by the Shirley method, similar to the spectral treatment used in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The correction factor is expressed as the ratio of the normalized peak area and normalized differentiated peak-to-peak intensity, which is actually measured and determined in every laboratory and with any instrument.

Exploring Dual-Energy CT Spectral Information for Machine Learning-Driven Lesion Diagnosis in Pre-Log Domain.

In this study, we proposed a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) framework under dual-energy spectral CT (DECT), which operates directly on the transmission data in the pre-log domain, called CADxDE, to explore the spectral information for lesion diagnosis. The CADxDE includes material identification and machine learning (ML) based CADx. Benefits from DECT's capability of performing virtual monoenergetic imaging with the identified materials, the responses of different tissue types (e.g., muscle, water, and fat) in lesions at each energy can be explored by ML for CADx. Without losing essential factors in the DECT scan, a pre-log domain model-based iterative reconstruction is adopted to obtain decomposed material images, which are then used to generate the virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at selected n energies. While these VMIs have the same anatomy, their contrast distribution patterns contain rich information along with the n energies for tissue characterization. Thus, a corresponding ML-based CADx is developed to exploit the energy-enhanced tissue features for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. Specifically, an original image-driven multi-channel three-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and extracted lesion feature-based ML CADx methods are developed to show the feasibility of CADxDE. Results from three pathologically proven clinical datasets showed 4.01% to 14.25% higher AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) scores than the scores of both the conventional DECT data (high and low energy spectrum separately) and the conventional CT data. The mean gain >9.13% in AUC scores indicated that the energy spectral-enhanced tissue features from CADxDE have great potential to improve lesion diagnosis performance.

Design and evaluation of a quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow thermophotovoltaic test system

The energy conversion efficiency of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells is quite different for different spectral energy and related to the spectral energy intensity. To obtain the energy conversion relationship of the thermophotovoltaic cell for various spectral energy with high-density flux, a test system was designed, which consists of a blackbody radiation source, spectrum control device, temperature control device, thermophotovoltaic cells, and cooling device. To evaluate the performance of the test system, the Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the finite volume method is applied to analyze the spectral energy transfer and temperature of the primary devices. The quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow that reaches the cell surface can be obtained. The energy conversion performance of thermophotovoltaic cells under a single high-energy spectrum can be thoroughly investigated through this designed test system. The results show that the energy transfer efficiency of this newly designed test system is greater than 14 %. When the radiation source temperature is 1000 K, 1500 K, 2000 K, and 2500 K, the design efficiency of the testing system is 14.11 %, 14.38 %, 14.58 %, and 14.87 %, respectively. When the temperature of the blackbody radiation source is 2000 K and 2500 K, the energy conversion efficiency of the GaSb cell is 20.37 % and 22.85 %, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for developing a quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow thermophotovoltaic test system.

Spectral function of the J1−J2 Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice

Triangular lattice compounds have received extensive attention recently as quantum spin liquid candidates. Here, the authors look at the ${J}_{1}$-${J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice, and calculate the spectral function relevant for neutron scattering experiments. They find a high-energy spectrum consistent with reports of a spinon Fermi surface state in triangular lattice compounds, although the low-energy spectrum rules out such a phase, and points towards a U(1) Dirac spin liquid. They provide clear signatures to look for in future neutron scattering experiments to distinguish these two phases.

The Formation of Hard Very High Energy Spectra from Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows via Two-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission

Electron Compton scattering of target photons into the gamma-ray energy band (inverse Compton scattering; IC) is commonly expected to dominate the very high energy (VHE) spectra in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) especially during the afterglow phase. For sufficiently large center-of-mass energies in these collisions, the effect of the electron recoil starts reducing the scattering cross-section (the Klein–Nishina regime). The IC spectra generated in the Klein–Nishina regime is softer and has a smaller flux level compared to the synchrotron spectra produced by the same electrons. The detection of afterglow emission from nearby GRB190829A in the VHE domain with H.E.S.S. has revealed an unexpected feature: the slope of the VHE spectrum matches well the slope of the X-ray spectra, despite expectations that, for the IC production process, the impact of the Klein–Nishina effect should be strong. The multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution appears to be inconsistent with predictions of one-zone synchrotron–self-Compton models. We study the possible impact of two-zone configuration on the properties of IC emission when the magnetic field strength differs considerably between the two zones. Synchrotron photons from the strong magnetic field zone provide the dominant target for cooling of the electrons in the weak magnetic field zone, which results in a formation of hard electron distribution and consequently of a hard IC emission. We show that the two-zone model can provide a good description of the Swift's X-ray Telescope and VHE H.E.S.S. data.

Phenomenological modelling of the Crab Nebula’s broadband energy spectrum and its apparent extension

Context. The Crab Nebula emits exceptionally bright non-thermal radiation across the entire wavelength range from the radio to the most energetic photons. So far, the underlying physical model of a relativistic wind from the pulsar terminating in a hydrodynamic standing shock has remained fairly unchanged since the early 1970s when it was first introduced. One of the predictions of this model is an increase in the toroidal magnetic field downstream from the shock where the flow velocity drops quickly with increasing distance until it reaches its asymptotic value, matching the expansion velocity of the nebula. Aims. The magnetic field strength in the nebula is poorly known. Using the recent measurements of the spatial extension and improved spectroscopy of the gamma-ray nebula, it has become –for the first time – feasible to determine in a robust way both the strength as well as the radial dependence of the magnetic field in the downstream flow. Methods. In this work, we introduce a detailed radiative model which was used to calculate the emission from non-thermal electrons (synchrotron and inverse Compton) as well as from thermal dust present in the Crab Nebula in a self-consistent way to compare it quantitatively with observational data. Special care was given to the radial dependence of the electron and seed field density. Results. The radiative model was used to estimate the parameters related to the electron populations responsible for radio and optical/X-ray synchrotron emission. In this context, the mass of cold and warm dust was determined. A combined fit based upon a χ2 minimisation successfully reproduced the complete data set used. For the best-fitting model, the energy density of the magnetic field dominates over the particle energy density up to a distance of ≈1.3 rs (rs: distance of the termination shock from the pulsar). The very high energy (VHE: E &gt; 100 GeV) and ultra-high energy (UHE: E &gt; 100 TeV) gamma-ray spectra set the strongest constraints on the radial dependence of the magnetic field, favouring a model where B(r) = (264 ± 9) μG(r/rs)−0.51 ± 0.03. For a collection of VHE measurements during epochs of higher hard X-ray emission, a significantly different solution B(r) = (167 ± 5) μG(r/rs)−0.29(+0.03, −0.06) is found. Conclusions. The high energy (HE: E &gt; 100 MeV) and VHE gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula lift the degeneracy of the synchrotron emission between particle and magnetic field energy density. The reconstructed magnetic field and its radial dependence indicates a ratio of Poynting to kinetic energy flux σ ≈ 0.1 at the termination shock, which is ≈30 times larger than estimated up to now. Consequently, the confinement of the nebula would require additional mechanisms to slow the flow down through, for example, excitation of small-scale turbulence with possible dissipation of the magnetic field.

Dual polymer electrochromic sunglasses with black to anti-blue-ray conversion based on new anti-blue-ray transparent polymer

Smart electrochromic (EC) glasses with visible light modulation have attracted considerable attention due to their unique advantages, but EC sunglasses with anti-blue-ray function have not yet been reported. Herein, a series of wide-bandgap electrochromic conjugated polymers P2–P4 based on 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) and naphthalene units were designed and synthesized using direct arylation polymerization. Among them, polymers P2 exhibit a satisfactory yellow hue and outstanding overall electrochromic performances. By tuning the intramolecular torsion between ProDOT and naphthalene units in the polymer structure, the absorption spectra of polymers P3 were entirely shifted to the high-energy violet-blue spectra region relative to the anti-blue-ray function. New dual conjugated polymer electrochromic devices based on P3 and black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer were fabricated, which exhibited the fast transformation between black and anti-blue-ray transmissive color with a switching time of < 5.0 s, high contrast of 49% at 400–700 nm and a high coloring efficiency of 470.8 cm2/C. Moreover, an EC prototype sunglasses device with an anti-blue-ray function was fabricated to demonstrate the practical suitability based on the dual conjugated polymer ECDs. This work contributes to the application of EC technology to the smart glasses field.

Energy-dependent flavor ratios, cascade/track spectrum tension and high-energy neutrinos from magnetospheres of supermassive black holes

The IceCube neutrino observatory measures the diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by means of various techniques, and there exists a mild tension between spectra obtained in different analyses. The spectrum derived from reconstruction of muon tracks is harder than that from cascades, dominated by electron and tau neutrinos. If confirmed, this tension may provide a clue to the origin of these neutrinos, which remains uncertain. Here we investigate the possibility that this tension may be caused by the change of the flavor content of astrophysical neutrinos with energy. We assume that at higher energies, the flux contains more muon neutrinos than expected in the usually assumed flavor equipartition. This may happen if the neutrinos are produced in regions of the magnetic field so strong that muons, born in pi-meson decays, cool by synchrotron radiation faster than decay. The magnetic field of ∼104 G is required for this mechanism to be relevant for the IceCube results. We note that these field values are reachable in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei and present a working toy model of the population of these potential neutrino sources. While this model predicts the required flavor ratios and describes the high-energy spectrum, it needs an additional component to explain the observed neutrino flux at lower energies.

Ultra-high energy inverse Compton emission from Galactic electron accelerators

It is generally held that &gt;100 TeV emission from astrophysical objects unambiguously demonstrates the presence of PeV protons or nuclei, due to the unavoidable Klein–Nishina suppression of inverse Compton emission from electrons. However, in the presence of inverse Compton dominated cooling, hard high-energy electron spectra are possible. We show that the environmental requirements for such spectra can naturally be met in spiral arms, and in particular in regions of enhanced star formation activity, the natural locations for the most promising electron accelerators: powerful young pulsars. Leptonic scenarios are applied to gamma-ray sources recently detected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). We show that these sources can indeed be explained by inverse Compton emission.

TOF Analysis of Ions Accelerated at High Repetition Rate from Laser-Induced Plasma

The generation, detection, and quantification of high-energy proton spectra that are produced from laser-target interaction methodologies is a field of increasingly growing popularity over the last 20 years. Generation methods such as target normal sheath acceleration or similar allow for collimated laminar ion beams to be produced in a compact environment through the use of short-burst terawatt lasers and are a growing field of investment. This project details the development and refinement of a python-based code to analyze time-of-flight ion spectroscopy data, with the intent to pinpoint the maximum proton energy within the incident beam to as reliable and accurate a value as possible within a feasible processing time. TOF data for 2.2 × 1016 W/cm2 intensity laser shots incident on a 2 mm Cu target that were gathered from the PERLA 1 kHz laser at the HiLASE center were used as training and testing data with the implementation of basic machine learning techniques to train these methods to the data being used. These datasets were used to ensure more widely applicable functionality, and accurate calculation to within 1% accuracy of an assumed correct value was seen to be consistently achievable for these datasets. This wider functionality indicates a high level of accuracy for previously unseen TOF datasets, regardless of signal/noise levels or dataset size, allowing for free use of the code in the wider field.

Experimental studies on nuclide identification radiography with a CMOS camera at Back-n white neutron source

As an advanced neutron imaging technique, nuclide identification radiography (NIR) using neutron resonance or cross-section differences is a promising technique for investigating nuclide spatial distribution inside samples. Since its proposal in 1980s, this technique has advanced very slowly due to many limitations in neutron source, detector efficiency and resolution. At the Back-n white neutron source at China Spallation Neutron Source, the NIR technique based on gated CMOS camera has been developed by taking the advantage of very high neutron flux and suitable energy spectrum of the Back-n neutron beam. Heavy nuclides, medium-mass nuclides and light nuclides have been tested to validate the effectiveness of the technique, covering the resonances from eV to MeV regions. Typical heavy elements such as Ag, In, Au and W, medium-mass elements such Al, Fe and Cu, light elements such as O have been used for experiments. The study shows, that nuclides with resonance peaks in the eV region can be easily identified, while the nuclides with resonance peaks above keV are difficult to be identified individually due to their narrow resonance peaks affecting the signal-to-noise ratio in the camera measurements. However, these nuclides can be differentiated for imaging by using adjacent multiple resonance peaks or distinct cross-section differences over wider energy ranges. The experiments are perhaps the first ones that demonstrate the NIR technique for the identification and imaging of nuclides with cross-section resonances covering from eV to several MeV.

Design and construction of a 9 MeV [formula omitted]-ray source based on capture of moderated plutonium–beryllium neutrons in nickel

We have designed and constructed a high-energy γ-ray source for detector characterisation and calibration. The source is a composite type based on a plutonium–beryllium neutron emitter embedded in a paraffin moderator, which is homogeneously mixed with nickel powder. The 9 MeV γ-ray source produces approximately 450 photons per second in 4π when 2.2×105 neutrons per second are emitted, corresponding to a surface flux of 9 MeV γ-rays of approximately 2.5×10−6 cm−2 per emitted neutron. Here we discuss the properties and design of this source, including the characterisation of homogeneity and high-energy γ-ray emission spectra.

The high-energy spectrum of QCD from inclusive emissions of charmed B-mesons

We investigate the high-energy behavior of strong interactions through a study on the inclusive hadroproduction of charmed B-mesons (Bc or Bc⁎ states) accompanied by non-charmed b-hadron or light-flavored jet emissions at LHC energies and kinematic configurations. By making use of the hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization, where the standard fixed-order description based on collinear parton densities and fragmentation functions is enhanced via the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) resummation of energy logarithms, we perform a full next-to-leading order analysis of distributions differential in rapidities and azimuthal angles calculated by the hands of the JETHAD multi-modular working package. The large observed transverse momenta justify the use of non-relativistic QCD next-to-leading order fragmentation functions to describe the heavy-flavored meson production mechanism. We come out with the conclusion that the study of this process can be included in forthcoming analyses at the (high-luminosity) LHC as a tool to access the QCD dynamics at high energies and to explore possible common ground between different resummation approaches.

The K2-3 System Revisited: Testing Photoevaporation and Core-powered Mass Loss with Three Small Planets Spanning the Radius Valley

Multiplanet systems orbiting M dwarfs provide valuable tests of theories of small-planet formation and evolution. K2-3 is an early M dwarf hosting three small exoplanets (1.5–2.0 R ⊕) at distances of 0.07–0.20 au. We measure the high-energy spectrum of K2-3 with HST/COS and XMM-Newton and use empirically driven estimates of Lyα and extreme-ultraviolet flux. We use EXOFASTv2 to jointly fit radial velocity, transit, and spectral energy distribution data. This constrains the K2-3 planet radii to 4% uncertainty and the masses of K2-3b and c to 13% and 30%, respectively; K2-3d is not detected in radial velocity measurements. K2-3b and c are consistent with rocky cores surrounded by solar composition envelopes (mass fractions of and ), H2O envelopes ( and ), or a mixture of both. However, based on the high-energy output and estimated age of K2-3, it is unlikely that K2-3b and c retain solar composition atmospheres. We pass the planet parameters and high-energy stellar spectrum to atmospheric models. Dialing the high-energy spectrum up and down by a factor of 10 produces significant changes in trace molecule abundances, but not at a level detectable with transmission spectroscopy. Though the K2-3 planets span the small-planet radius valley, the observed system architecture cannot be readily explained by photoevaporation or core-powered mass loss. We instead propose that (1) the K2-3 planets are all volatile-rich, with K2-3d having a lower density than typical of super-Earths, and/or (2) the K2-3 planet architecture results from stochastic processes such as planet formation, planet migration, and impact erosion.

Enhanced multifunctional attributes of Tellurium incorporated CuGaS2 thin films employing spray pyrolysis route

CuGaS2 (CGS) chalcopyrite semiconductor is a promising candidate for thin-film based photovoltaic devices due to its exceptional optical absorption coefficient and flexibility in tuning the optical bandgap. Unfortunately, though, desorption of sulfur (S) atoms during deposition of CGS thin films at elevated temperatures results in the formation of defects and alters the material attributes. Post sulfurization may minimize S deficit, but it is still challenging to control S content due to its high vapour pressure. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of Tellurium (Te) doping during deposition on CGS’s crystallinity and optical properties, expecting relatively low vapour pressure of Te to stabilize the CGS structure. X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of a tetragonal phase indicating a better crystallinity and an enhanced crystallite size. Electrical mobility increased with Te doping, potentially due to the reduced grain boundary scattering with increased crystallite size. The optical bandgap energy of the deposited material decreases from 2.45 eV to 2.00 eV with increasing the concentration of dopant. These results make the CuGa(S,Te)2 a potential absorber material with a tuneable bandgap for solar cell application in a high energy spectrum.