High-performance Insulation Research Articles

Skewness: Important parameter to affect the dielectric properties of BaTiO3

ABSTRACT Recent electric vehicle multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) adopt submicron-sized solid-state synthesized BaTiO3 for dielectric layers for high reliability. Unlike BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal method, particle size distribution control becomes demanding with the solid-state synthesis. Here, BaTiO3 with 260 and 390 nm average particle sizes were synthesized using a solid-state method, and the dielectric properties of the samples sintered at 1100, 1150, and 1200°C were studied in terms of particle size distributions. Notably, BaTiO3 samples sintered with 260 nm particles with smaller grain sizes and lower tetragonality exhibited higher dielectric properties than those prepared with 390 nm particles. The reasons behind the high dielectric performance were found in the lower skewness of the 260 nm particles, which produced a higher density of the sintered sample. For electric vehicle MLCC BaTiO3, engineering their skewness is as important as controlling their grain size or tetragonality for high dielectric performance.

Study on irradiation effect of insulating materials for fusion superconducting magnets -interlaminar shear strength at liquid helium temperature-

Insulating materials for superconducting magnets of fusion reactors are not only exposed to electromagnetic forces at cryogenic temperatures, but also to neutrons and γ-rays which are secondary radiation generated by nuclear fusion reactions. Hence, insulating materials are required to keep high radiation resistance, high mechanical strength and high insulation performance even at cryogenic temperatures. To evaluate the physical properties of insulating materials at cryogenic temperatures, most of the previous studies have been conducted in liquid nitrogen. However, it has been pointed out that the molecular motion freezing between liquid nitrogen temperature and liquid helium temperature may cause changes in mechanical properties. In this study, the experiments were conducted in liquid helium, which is closer to the actual environment of ITER, to evaluate the temperature dependence of irradiation effects. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was measured at room temperature (RT), liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), and liquid helium temperature (LHeT) after γ-ray irradiation of glass reinforced plastics (GFRP) made of epoxy resin. As a result, in the unirradiated samples, ILSS was maximum at LNT, whereas in the samples irradiated at 5 and 10 MGy, ILSS was maximum at LHeT. It was considered that the change in molecular structure caused by γ-ray irradiation led to stress relaxation phenomena even at LHeT in the irradiated samples.

Design and Management of High Voltage Power Systems and Insulation Materials

To satisfy the fast-growing electricity demand, high-voltage power systems with higher performance and better stability are required, which raises challenges including the design of power systems, the control of high-power electronics, the synthesis and preparation of high-performance insulation materials, evaluation of the insulation conditions, dielectric insulation tests, material modification, environment protection, etc [...]

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of sodium alginate and zinc ions on the surface of graphene oxide to improve the fire protection ability of intumescent waterborne epoxy coatings

In this study, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first adsorbed on the GO surface, resulting in a positively charged GO/PEI composite. Afterwards, SA and Zn2+ were loaded on the surface of GO/PEI through a facile route to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrids (GPS@Zn). Among them, the gas phase products of SA delayed the progress of the combustion reaction, while the catalytic carbonization of zinc oxide and the high barrier effect of GO effectively improved the thermal insulation efficiency of the char layer. The fire performance test results showed that the backside temperature of GPS@Zn/EP decreased to 161.2 °C after burning for 60 min. The swelling height and swelling ratio of GPS@Zn based EP remained at the highest value compared to the other samples. In addition, the residual char content of EP loaded GPS@Zn was as high as 31.2 %, which lays the foundation for its high thermal insulation performance. The PHRR, THR, SPR and TSP values of GPS@Zn/EP were 420.2 ± 13 kW/m2, 13.2 ± 0.6 MJ/m2,0.078 ± 0.05 m2/s and 1.87 ± 0.05 m2, respectively, which were significantly lower than the other samples, thus proving its best flame retardant and smoke suppressing properties. The carbon residue analysis confirmed that zinc oxide remained in the char layer, which was beneficial to the improvement of its thermal insulation performance and strength.

Properties of Basalt Fiber Core Rods and Their Application in Composite Cross Arms of a Power Distribution Network.

As basalt fiber has better mechanical properties and stability than glass fiber, cross arms made of continuous basalt-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites are capable of meeting the mechanical requirements in the event of typhoons and broken lines in coastal areas, mountainous areas and other special areas. In this paper, continuous basalt-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites were used to fabricate the core rods and composite cross arms. The results verified that basalt fiber composite cross arms can meet the strict requirements of transmission lines in terms of quality and reliability. In addition to high electrical insulation performance, the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of basalt fiber core rods are 1.8 and 1.06 times those of glass fiber core rods, respectively. Basalt fiber core rods were found to be much better load-bearing components compared to glass fiber core rods. However, the leakage current and the result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveal that the interface bonding strength between basalt fibers and the matrix resin is weak. A 3D reconstruction of micro-CT indicates that the volume of pores inside basalt fiber core rods accounts for 0.0048% of the total volume, which is greater than the 0.0042% of glass fiber rods. Therefore, improving the interface bond between basalt fibers and the resin can further improve the properties of basalt fiber core rods.

Spraying Core–Shell ZnO To Achieve High Insulation Performance for HVDC Cable Factory Joints

Spraying Core–Shell ZnO To Achieve High Insulation Performance for HVDC Cable Factory Joints

Theoretical and experimental study on a compound insulation system for high temperature applications

• Designed a test setup for determining high temperature thermal performance of CFMLI. • Measured the temperature profile and effective thermal conductivity of CFMLI at 800–1325 K. • Discussed CFMLI thermal performance with gas pressure, spacing materials and foil numbers. • Validated the accuracy of experimental data by comparison with theoretical predictions. High temperature thermal insulation performance plays a crucial role in the application of thermal contact resistance precision measurement to reduce systematic heat loss and ensure 1D axial heat flow. In this paper, a compound insulation system composed of carbon fibrous materials and multilayer insulation (CFMLI) with non-interlayer-contact space was proposed in terms of high temperature sustainability, low thermal conductivity and thermal performance stability. An experimental set-up was designed and fabricated to measure the temperature distribution and the effective thermal conductivity of CFMLI as a function of temperature (800 K−1325 K). The experimental results showed that the temperature gradually decreases from inner to external radius of CFMLI, and a temperature jump of 40 K−80 K appears at the interface between two segments under vacuum conditions. It also reveals that the thermal performance of CFMLI is strongly dependent on the gas pressure and the number of reflective layers, while it is hardly affected by the filling materials when the temperature is above 1050 K. Meanwhile, the effective thermal conductivity of CFMLI varies around 0.2 W/m/K for two levels of pressure (10 -4 Pa and 0.1 MPa), and it decreases by 14.7% when the number of reflective layers increases from 6 to 21 at 1325 K. Additionally, a theoretical model with thermal resistance network was developed for heat transfer analysis of CFMLI. The model could predict the external temperature of CFMLI with high accuracy so that the difference between the theoretical results and experimental data was less than 2.61%.

Applied Research on the Minimum Thickness of Leveling Layer of Non-Adhesive Flat Extruded Board System

In order to meet residents’ demands for high sound insulation and thermal insulation performance in buildings, functional materials, such as non-adhesive extruded plastic panels, are added to floor slabs to form the bottom-up “structural layer-functional layer-levelling layer”, common in assembled buildings. The non-adhesive leveling system has gradually become a new floor structure. However, the strength of the functional layer is insufficient. How to determine the minimum thickness of the leveling layer is not fully considered in the current building ground design codes of various countries, which makes the engineering application ahead of the codes and the structural damage problems occur frequently. This must be considered, in order to ensure the safety of the system. Based on the layered elastic half-space theory, the effects of functional layer thickness, leveling layer thickness and leveling layer material on the maximum tensile stress of the system are compared. The results of this research lay a solid foundation for the popularization and application of non-adhesive flat extruded plate systems.

Experimental Analysis of Evacuation Pressure and Gas Flow Rate in Structured-Core Transparent Vacuum Insulation Panels

The notion that modern buildings should strive to be net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) is widely accepted. One of the causes leading to high energy usage for space heating, resulting in avoidable carbon emissions, is heat loss via building windows. In order to improve window’s insulation in existing buildings, structured-core transparent vacuum insulation panels (TVIPs) are proposed. TVIPs mainly consist of the structured core material, the low-emissivity film, and the transparent gas barrier envelope. TVIPs have high insulation performance and are inexpensive to manufacture and can be easily installed. Therefore, TVIPs have potential to improve window’s insulation in existing buildings with low cost. However, it is necessary to overcome the issue of preventing the pressure rise inside TVIP after vacuum sealing. The authors constructed an experimental setup to quantify the effect of reduction of gas flow rate in TVIP after evacuation by applying pressure-rate-of-rise-method. In this experiment, a gas barrier film with a straw was used as the vacuum chamber. This could reproduce the pressure increase in the TVIP after sealing and the gas flow rate in the TVIP is evaluated. The experimental result show that the coated core material and the enclosing getter agentlowered the pressure rise and gas flow rate in TVIP by combining concurrent evacuation and heating. Furthermore, after extending the simultaneous vacuuming and heating period to 8 hours and applying the coated core material and enclosing the gettering agent, the internal pressure in TVIP may be lowered to around 1 Pa after 30 minutes after halting vacuuming. It was confirmed that this pressure satisfied the performance required for TVIPs, and the result was much closer to the realization of TVIPs.

THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF GLASS FOAM PRODUCED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE GLASS USING SiC AS THE FOAMING AGENT

Glass foams having a low bulk density, 0.22-0.36 g.cm-3 were produced using waste glass as the raw material and SiC as the foaming agent.. The produced glass foam has very high insulation performance with a very low thermal conductivity of 0.045-0.065 W.m-1.K-1, making it suitable for thermal and acoustic applications. Despite its highly porous structure, it exhibits a very high compressive strength between 0.08-6.99 MPa and a good dimensional stability. The environmentally friendly glass foam produced in this study has a potential as a structural and insulation material in construction applications. Nano-sized foaming agents enhances the efficiency of the reaction in the manufacturing process. The properties such as volume change, weight loss, microstructure, the mineralogical structure, the sintered bulk density, and the porosity of the prepared samples were measured and analyzed. The characterization of the thermal and the mechanical properties of the samples was performed by testing their compressive strength, and thermal conductivity.

Abnormal Breakdown Process and Mechanism of High-performance Epoxy Insulation

In recent years, various faults caused by insufficient mechanical properties of high-performance epoxy insulating parts occur from time to time. The breakdown position is epoxy metal interface, in which an obvious mechanical failure form is found. It is speculated that the failure mechanism may be the failure process caused by combined electrical mechanical breakdown. An insulation failure of epoxy insulating parts was analysed and he similarities and differences of bending and tensile properties of single column leg of different batches of products was studied, which is used to put forward the bulk insulation failure process of epoxy insulating parts under mechanical electrical coupling. In this paper, the bending test and tensile test of single column leg of high-performance insulation are designed, and the bonding strength of column leg insert is studied and analyzed. It is found that the bonding strength of column leg inserts of high-performance insulating parts in the fault batch is insufficient and has great dispersion. The bonding strength of column leg inserts is mainly affected by the knurling shape, knurling width and the coating shape of semi-conductive adhesive on the surface of the insert.

Interactive analysis of green building materials promotion with relevance to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from Taiwan’s building sector

Service and residential sectors have become significant sources for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relevant to the electricity demand for heating, ventilation & air conditioning (HVAC) in buildings. In Taiwan, the energy efficiency (or energy saving) in buildings is a very important issue because the service and residential sectors in this subtropical/tropical island region are the primary sources of GHG emissions. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to present an interactive analysis of Taiwan’s energy consumption, GHG emissions from the services and residential sectors, and the certified green building materials (GBM) during the period of 2005–2020 based on the official statistics. Furthermore, the policy for promoting the GBM products with high thermal insulation performance and their compulsory specifications were also addressed. On average, the service and residential sectors accounted for about 15% of total domestic energy consumption during this period. By contrast, the electricity consumption shared around 35% in 2020, and also indicated a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020 due to the governmental policy for improving energy saving and energy efficiency through the establishments of greenhouse buildings (GB) and GBM. In line with international trend of low-carbon buildings, the Taiwan government has promoted the GBM labeling system under the promulgation of relevant regulations since the early 2000s. A total of 2668 GBM labels have been issued over the years of 2005–2020, showing that the number of approved and issued GBM reached a record high in 2020. In summary, the certified high-performance GBM products indicated significant increases since 2013 under the regulatory promotion. The new and/or retrofitted buildings will adopt the certified GBM with high insulation performance totally by 2030 under the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Multilayered nacre-mimetic inspired flexible PEI film with high thermal conductivity and reliable dielectric performances

It is critically desired to integrate high in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) and distinguished electric insulation for thermal conductive film in modern electronic devices. Herein, integration of high TC and electric insulation in sandwich-like BNNSs@MWCNTs/PEI (S-BNNSs@MWCNTs/PEI) composite film has been successfully achieved by layer-by-layer spin coating and hot pressing inspired by highly ordered structure of natural nacre. The covalently bonded connections between BNNSs and MWCNTs are beneficial to create more efficient heat conduction path, which can partly decrease the interfacial thermal resistance and phonon scattering. The resultant S-BNNSs@MWCNTs/PEI composite films possess a high in-plane TC of 6.88 W m−1K−1. Meantime, benefiting from the alternating multilayer structure, the composite films exhibit satisfactory reliable dielectric performances with flexibility, which shows great potential in ceramics-filled polymer composite TIMs.

Comparison of high‐performance and conventional internal insulation materials based on hygrothermal analysis using in situ measurements and simulation

AbstractFollowing the European directive to reduce CO2 emissions of existing buildings by improving energy efficiency, internal insulation systems play a central role in the renovation of historically valuable buildings which cannot be insulated from the outside for reasons of monumental protection, or in cases where no additional exterior space is available. However, besides the thermal property of insulation systems, there are other relevant properties to be considered before choosing an internal insulation system, such as the hygrothermal behavior which plays a particularly important role in diffusion‐open interior insulation systems. As the internal insulation layer reduces the temperature of the existing wall during the heating season, its drying potential after rain events is considerably reduced. In addition to the effects of moisture from the outside (mainly wind driven rain), the entry of humidity from the inside through diffusion plays an important role. In the presented study, high performance insulation materials with nanostructure based on silicon dioxide and polyurethane are compared to conventional material based on wood fiber from a hygrothermal point of view by analyzing in situ measurements and simulations.

Graphene/MXene Composite Aerogels Reinforced by Polyimide for Pressure Sensing

Here, polyimide (PI) was introduced as a binder and enhancer of graphene oxide (GO) and MXene sheets to prepare robust rGO/MXene/PI (GMP) composite aerogels with good mechanical elasticity, high conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and reliable heat insulation ability. The unique physical and chemical interactions among GO, MXene nanosheets, and the PI precursor enhance the three-dimensional network framework of aerogels. As a sensing material, the GMP aerogel with a layer-strut network structure prepared by directional freezing has a low density (8.97–12.71 mg/cm3), high conductivity (3.08 S/m), significant reversible compression (90%), and excellent fatigue resistance (10,000 cycles). The piezoresistive sensor based on the GMP composite aerogel can quickly detect a tiny strain, which could be further used for pulse beating, breathing, vibration, finger bending, and other human health monitoring. With the assistance of PI, the aerogel also presents high thermal insulation performance (0.022 W/(m·k)) and excellent low-temperature tolerance (−196 °C), showing wide application potential in many fields.

Microwave assisted processing of X8R nanocrystalline BaTiO3 based ceramic capacitors and multilayer devices

BaTiO3 based multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) is an important component in electronic devices. Achieving high dielectric performance, miniaturisation and cost effectiveness are still challenging. Co-sintering ceramic layers with metal electrodes and use of expensive Pt and high-Pd content compositions as electrodes are other key issues. Thus, the major factors that could lead to cost effectiveness of MLCCs are reduction in sintering temperature and using less expensive metal electrodes without compromising dielectric performance and these traits could auger well for the next generation low-cost high performance electroceramic devices – this is the subject matter of the present study.In this work, initially we have fabricated and analysed the dielectric performance of BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics with different BT particle sizes (50 nm, 100 nm and 200 nm). Based on results, 200 nm BaTiO3 was used for further studies due to its superior dielectric performance. Then, to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the dielectric performance of 200 nm BaTiO3 ceramics, Bi2O3 was used as a dopant which acts both as a sintering aid and helps to improve the dielectric performance. A combination of rare earth dopant system (proprietary from the industrial partner Knowles, UK) with Bi2O3 was also added to tune the defect chemistry of BaTiO3 for enhancement in dielectric performance further. A homogeneously mixed BT-based ceramic slurry system (containing the above dopants) with optimum rheology was developed using a non-aqueous medium, dispersant and a binder system. Addition of glass frits for lowering the sintering temperature and its effect on dielectric performance was also investigated on both discs (made using dry pressing of the powders obtained via drying of the slurry) as well as multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) fabricated through screen printing. Conventional, microwave and hybrid sintering procedures were employed for the densification of the electroceramic devices and these were characterized for density, microstructure, composition and dielectric performance systematically. Conventional sintering resulted in undesired large micron sized surface features which are detrimental to device durability, whereas formation and growth of these features have been demonstrated to be significantly minimised using the rapid microwave assisted sintering procedures for the first time. Further efficient co-sintering of ceramic layers with less expensive (Ag/Pd) alloy has also been accomplished using the microwave methodology. The resultant BaTiO3 based capacitive devices exhibited high dielectric permittivity, superior X8R performance and low dissipation factor, asserting their massive potential for widespread high temperature applications in automotive, sensing and space sectors.

Stabilisation of pores in glass foam by using a modified curing-sintering process: sustainable recycling of automotive vehicles’ waste glass

Glass foams are porous high-performance insulation materials. The uniformly distributed and homogenously sized fine pores are crucial for the insulation properties of glass foam. To improve the homogeneity and stability of pores, stabilising chemicals are used in glass foam manufacturing. However, these chemicals release greenhouse gases during sintering. Therefore, there is a continuous quest for developing a sustainable pore stabilising method. This research aimed to enhance the stability and uniformity of pores in glass foam by curing glass powder without any chemical stabilising agent. The glass powder, fly ash additives, and foaming agent were mixed using water and cured in sealed plastic bags. Then the raw glass foam was sintered at 800℃. Given the surface interaction and pozzolanic reactivity of glass and fly ash, bonding was developed along surfaces of particles during curing, which provided stability to the particles and was helpful to maintain viscosity during sintering. Consequently, it was possible to resist the pore collapse within the glass matrix and achieve uniformity in pore size distribution. Subsequently, glass foams possessed high compressive strength (4.1±1MPa with porosity 73.5±2.3%) and low thermal conductivity (<0.2 W/m.K). Furthermore, compared with the pellet making process in powder sintering methods, the curing process makes glass foam manufacturing more convenient for large-scale production. By recycling waste glass of automotive vehicles as to the primary raw material and eliminating chemical stabilising agents, the glass foam manufacturing process will be more sustainable.

Powder sintering and gel casting methods in making glass foam using waste glass: A review on parameters, performance, and challenges

The application of insulation materials in buildings and energy storage facilities is gaining global attention to reduce energy consumption, heat loss, and CO 2 emissions. Given the high insulation performance, glass foam is gaining popularity replacing combustible, high energy-consuming, and costly conventional insulation materials. The industrial process of glass foam manufacturing is an energy-consuming and non-ecofriendly process which requires the annealing of glass around its melting temperature. Therefore, researchers have developed powder sintering and gel casting methods to sinter glass foam mix at a temperature slightly above its glass transition point. However, research findings on these two methods are scattered because of the different parameters being used by researchers. The properties and performances of glass foam depend on the processing parameters, especially on the materials design and sintering conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive review on the key parameters for material selection and sintering of glass foams and provide necessary guidelines for the best practice and a direction for future research. Moreover, this review covers the current strategies and challenges associated with the powder sintering and gel casting methods including their sustainability and environmental performance.

ТЕПЛОІЗОЛЯЦІЙНІ ПОКРИТТЯ НА ОСНОВІ СТИРОЛ-АКРИЛОВОЇ ДИСПЕРСІЇ ТА ПОРОЖНИСТИХ АЛЮМОСИЛІКАТНИХ МІКРОСФЕР

The article contains information about the areas of application of modern thin-layer polymer heat-insulating materials. Technological and operational indicators of the developed coating based on styrene-acrylic dispersion and hollow aluminosilicate microspheres are given. The developed thermal insulation coating has low water absorption, high thermal insulation performance, high adhesive strength to concrete.

High Dielectric Performance of Heterojunction Structures Based on Spin-Coated Graphene-PVP Thin Film on Silicon With Gold Contacts for Organic Electronics

The letter reports that frequency response of heterojunction structure based on a spin-coated graphene-PVP thin film on silicon with gold Schottky contacts and the electronic properties obtained by using capacitance (C) and conductance (G/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) versus voltage characteristics in the frequency range from 5 to 5 MHz. Furthermore, the electronic magnitudes were calculated. The accumulation capacitance observed at 3 V changes from 920 to 1094 pF. Here, empirically, the C and G/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> values increased with a decreasing frequency, while increasing in depletion and accumulation regions with increasing voltages. However, particularly, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> curves have peaks in low frequency values in the accumulation and depletion regions, these peaks decreased at high frequencies. Besides, an interface trap state density of 5.6– <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.58\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> .eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> with a relaxation time constant of 157– <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$31.5 ~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was deduced. Additionally, the frequency and dc bias voltage-dependent dielectric characteristics show a huge dispersion, at room temperature. Experimentally, the high dielectric constant ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon '_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) is 111 which is very higher than the maximum value of the conventional materials (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (3.8), SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (7.5), and so on) and appropriate doped materials to PVP. The results indicate that the graphene-PVP thin film with the high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon '_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value has a potential in metal-organic-semiconductors device technologies instead of a conventional device.