High-density Lipoprotein Ratio Research Articles

Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Immune Response by Cyanidin Exhibits Protective Effect against Type-2 Diabetes in Rat Model.

In the current study the effects of metformin and cyanidin on the immune system and intestinal flora in rats with type-2 diabetes was investigated. The findings showed that metformin or cyanidin treatment considerably reduced the rise in body weight and glucose levels induced by type-2 diabetes. The type-2 diabetic rats' glucose tolerance was significantly increased by cyanidin administration comparable to that of metformin. Cyanidin administration resulted in a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in rats with type-2 diabetes. Treatment with cyanidin significantly increased the ratio of high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein in type-2 diabetes rats. Cyanidin administration significantly raised the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal samples of type-2 diabetic rats compared to the model group. In comparison to the model group, it also significantly raised the levels of Lactobacillus intestinalis, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus reuteri in the type-2 diabetes rats. In type-2 diabetes rat fecal samples, the abundance of Christensenellaceae significantly increased while Enterobacteriaceae and Proteobacteria were found to decrease upon cyanidin administration. Furthermore, cyanidin administration to the rats with type-2 diabetes significantly improved the glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that cyanidin enhances glucose homeostasis in rats with type-2 diabetes, potentially through controlling intestinal flora. Thus, cyanidin may be looked into more as a possible therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as a novel-potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of Bell's palsy.

In several disorders, the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has been considered a biomarker of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, its role in Bell's palsy (BP) remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between elevated MHR and poor recovery in BP patients. The clinical data of 729 BP patients were analyzed retrospectively. The House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System (H-B) was utilized to assess the severity of facial motor dysfunction during admission and the follow-up period after discharge. According to the 6months follow-up data, H-B grades 1-2 were classified as recovered (n = 557), and H-B grades 3-6 as unrecovered (n = 172). The patients were split into MHR ≤ 0.26 (n = 361) and MHR > 0.26 (n = 368) groups based on the median MHR to further analyze the connection between different MHRs and prognosis. The level of MHR was substantially greater in the unrecovered group of BP patients than in the restored group (medians[interquartile range], 0.32[0.20, 0.49] vs 0.24[0.11, 0.39], P < 0.001). MHR was an independent risk factor for BP prognosis as indicated by the multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 4.467, 95% CI = 1.875-10.646, P = 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.615 (95% CI = 0.566-0.664, P < 0.001). The initial H-B score did not differ significantly between MHR ≤ 0.26 (n = 361) and MHR > 0.26 (n = 368) groups. However, after 6months of follow-up, the high-MHR group's H-B score was considerably greater than the low-MHR group's. MHR is expected to be an accessible and effective biomarker of BP. In BP patients, elevated MHR is related to an increased chance of poor recovery.

Hepatic Vagotomy in Patients With Obesity Leads to Improvement of the Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio.

The obesity epidemic is rapidly growing, and visceral adiposity is associated with metabolic consequences secondary to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-induced inter-organ signaling pathways. PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate vagal pathways which can improve blood pressure, arterial remodeling, cholesterol levels, and insulin sensitivity. However, an obesity-induced inflammatory milieu can interfere with the beneficial effects of PPAR activity, suggesting that a dysregulated PPAR-vagus pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. Therefore, we hypothesized that hepatic vagotomy (HV) in patients with obesity would result in a significant reduction in blood pressure and/or the number of hypertension medications compared to control. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 160 patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Patients were divided into HV and control groups, and information was collected at each clinic visit. At six-months post-operation, the HV group was found to have significantly lower total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios than the control group. The HV group also had a numerically better blood profile for TC, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and LDL/HDL ratio. Hypertensive patients in the HV group showed numerically lower hypertension medication counts after six weeks when compared to control. We present the first study to report clinically significant changes related to HV in human subjects. Our results did not support our initial hypothesis but did demonstrate an improvement of the TC/HDL ratio with HV in patients with obesity. Future studies should confirm these findings in a randomized control trial.

The effects of Dapagliflozin on monocyte-HDL ratio and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The present study attempted to explore the effects of starting dapagliflozin for glycemic control in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients on the monocyte high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and neutrophil-leukocyte ratio (NLO) as oxidative and inflammation markers. We retrospectively investigated the medical files of Type-2 DM patients administered dapagliflozin for at least 12 weeks. Then, we recorded the patients' demographics and compared their pre- and post-treatment biochemical and hemogram parameters. We retrospectively evaluated the data of 210 patients. The results revealed that the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG; p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c; p = 0.011), triglyceride (p = 0.002), and monocytes (p = 0.019) and MHR (p < 0.001) significantly decreased among the patients following dapagliflozin treatment when compared to the pre-dapagliflozin period. MHR is considered a practical, inexpensive inflammation marker for diabetics using dapagliflozin. However, we could not conclude NLR to be a significant inflammation marker, which, in turn, may suggest the need for comprehensive, prospective research.

Interaction Between Meal-timing and Dietary Inflammatory Potential: Association with Cardiometabolic End Points in a 3-Month Prospective Analysis

BackgroundDiet quality is a moderator of cardiometabolic markers. The timing of dietary intake may be an important determinant; however, previous results have been mixed. Complex mechanisms may result in an interaction between diet timing and quality. ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between fasting duration and first and last mealtime and inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. We also explored the interactions between Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores and meal-timing on inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis of a dietary intervention. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3 mo. Three unannounced 24-h dietary recalls estimated diet for calculation of E-DII scores, nighttime fasting duration, and first and last mealtime. Cardiometabolic markers were obtained from a fasting blood sample. Multiple linear regression of baseline data was used for aim 1. For aim 2, the interaction between E-DII change over 3 mo and the meal-timing metrics were used to estimate changes in cardiometabolic markers. ResultsMost participants (n = 95) were female (81%) and White (62%) and their average age was 46.9 ± 13.4 y and body mass index of 31.4 ± 7.1 kg/m2. Every 1-h longer fasting duration was associated with increased total cholesterol (β = 5.79, P = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = 4.47, P = 0.03), and LDL:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (β = 0.08, P = 0.04). For every 30-min later first mealtime, increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL:HDL ratios also were observed. Anti-inflammatory E-DII changes were associated with reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (among participants with shorter fasting durations, later last mealtime, or earlier first mealtime) and C-reactive protein (among earlier first mealtime and shorter fasting duration). ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for interaction between dietary timing and quality on cardiometabolic biomarkers. Worsening lipid profiles seen with longer fasting durations may be an artifact of skipped or delayed breakfast, underlining the potential importance of food consumption early in the morning.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02382458.

Effects of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated Galla chinensis tannins on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of young broiler chickens.

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary supplementation with Galla chinensis tannins (GCT) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of young broilers. Overall, a total of 216 healthy 1 day-old broilers were randomly allocated to CON group and GCT group, and provided with a basal diet or a basal diet added with 300 mg/kg microencapsulated GCT, respectively, in a 21 days trial. Our findings indicated that dietary GCT addition had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on growth performance. However, GCT supplementation led to a significant reduction in the total cholesterol (TC) concentration in the serum and liver (p < 0.05). Furthermore, GCT supplementation significantly increased the ratios of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL to TC in the serum, in addition to elevating the activities of enzymes related to lipid metabolism in the liver (p < 0.05). Dietary GCT addition also improved the antioxidant capacity of the broilers, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum and liver (p < 0.05). Additionally, the GCT group exhibited significantly increased expressions of hepatic genes associated with antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, GPX1, SOD2, SIRT1, CPT-1, and PPARα) (p < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of SREBP-1 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with the CON group. In conclusion, dietary addition of 300 mg/kg microencapsulated GCT improved the antioxidant status and lipid metabolism of broilers without affecting their growth performance.

Low lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio predicts mortality in sepsis patients.

The lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (LHR) is associated with both inflammation and immunity, and may have the potential to predict the prognosis of sepsis. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between LHR and sepsis-related mortality. We collected data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, version 2.2) database by targeting patients who met the Sepsis-3 criteria and recorded the absolute values of lymphocytes and HDL after admission. We then used restricted cubic splines based on logistic regression to simulate the relationship between the LHR and 90-day mortality. Subsequently, the hazardous threshold was derived based on the mortality curve, and further evaluations were performed using different methods and data sources for hazardous threshold. We ultimately included 1027 eligible patients from the MIMIC-IV database and described the nonlinear relationship between LHR and 90-day mortality. Based on the curve, an LHR of ≤ 0.6 indicated harmful threshold, and the odds ratio for mortality was 1.74 (P=0.001). The outperforming hazard was particularly marked in patients with chronic lung disease and remained consistent after adjusting for baseline data and validating multiple data sources. The LHR has prognostic value in patients with sepsis, and an LHR ≤ 0.6 is a deleterious load that increases mortality.

Effect of exercise intervention using mobile healthcare on blood lipid level and health-related physical fitness in obese women: a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of non-face-to-face exercise intervention using mobile health (mHealth) on blood lipid levels and health-related physical fitness in obese women. Thirty obese women (aged: 39.40 ± 11.07 years, percent body fat: 37.05 ± 5.15%) were enrolled, and all completed the study. Non-face-to-face exercises were performed for 12 weeks using a mHealth and smart tracker (Charge 4, Fitbit, USA). Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (EXP) or control (CON) group. The 12-week exercise program using mHealth included resistance (twice a week for 60 min), aerobics (five times a week for 50 min), and flexibility (five times a week for 10 min). The results showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Post - Pre: 9.07 mg·dL-1, p &lt; 0.001) and ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Post - Pre: -0.71 mg·dL-1, p &lt; 0.05) significantly changed during the intervention period in EXP. There were significant increases in sit-ups (Post - Pre: 7.73 numbers, p &lt; 0.001), grip strength (Post - Pre: 2.92 kg, p &lt; 0.001), and sit and reach (Post - Pre: 2.51 cm, p &lt; 0.01) in EXP. Non-face-to-face exercise using mHealth for 12 weeks improved blood lipid levels and health-related physical fitness; therefore, it can help improve compliance through self-monitoring and lifestyle changes by increasing physical activity.

Inflammation Markers in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Who Have Committed Offenses and Their Relationship with Criminal Behavior.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the function of various inflammation parameters and their interactions in the pathology of Bipolar disorder (BD) and to assess whether they could be biomarkers in the relationship between criminal behavior and BD. Materials and Methods: Overall, 1029 participants, including 343 patients with BD who have committed offenses, 343 nonoffending patients with BD, and 343 healthy controls, were included in this retrospective study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts; high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels; systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), platelet to high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) were measured. Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, PHR, neutrophil, and monocyte values (p < 0.001). The lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the patients with BD who committed offenses (p = 0.04). The platelet counts were significantly lower in the patients with BD who committed offenses compared to nonoffending patients with BD (p = 0.015). The HDL-c levels were significantly lower in the patients with BD who have committed offenses than those of nonoffending patients with BD (p < 0.001). Bipolar disorder, not receiving active psychiatric treatment, having a diagnosis of bipolar manic episodes, and having low platelet and HDL values constitute a risk of involvement in crime. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of patients with BD with and without criminal offenses and the relationship between inflammation and criminal behavior.

Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose.

Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex-dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D. Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6-11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. Males and females were comparable in age, BMI-z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5-acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases

BackgroundWhether the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is associated with the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconclusive.MethodsPatients with CAD were enrolled and their data were collected. Blood was sampled within 24 h after admission. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the MHR and all-cause mortality as well as complications during hospitalization.ResultsWe included 5371 patients in our cohort study. Among them, 114 (2.12%) patients died in hospital. MHR was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.42), cardiovascular mortality (1.69; 1.17, 2.45) and non-cardiovascular mortality (2.04; 1.27, 3.28). This association was only observed in patients with hypertension (P for interaction = 0.003). Patients with higher MHR levels also have a higher risk of complications, including infection, pneumonia, electrolyte disturbance, gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and disturbance of consciousness. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the MHR had higher prognostic values than monocytes and high-density lipoprotein.ConclusionMHR was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and in-hospital complications in patients with CAD, especially in patients with hypertension.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in trigeminal neuralgia patients: A retrospective cohort study

Background/Aim: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a prevalent cranial nerve disorder. While inflammation has been implicated in neuropathic pain in numerous recent studies, its role in TN has remained uncertain. Given the increasing significance of neuroinflammation, this study aims to explore the association between inflammation and TN and to assess whether there are disparities in the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values between TN patients and healthy individuals. There is a dearth of literature concerning the link with MHR, a parameter extensively studied in cardiac research but unexplored in the context of TN. Methods: This retrospective cohort study encompassed 48 patients diagnosed with classical TN and 40 healthy controls treated at the neurology and pain clinic of Dokuz Eylül University. Demographic and clinical variables, such as age and gender, along with monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, were retrospectively retrieved from medical records. Inflammation markers, namely MHR and NLR, were calculated. Nonparametric tests were employed to compare these markers between TN patients and healthy controls. Results: Regarding sociodemographic data, the average age of the patient group was 59.8, while that of the healthy group was 47.4. A significant age difference was observed between the patient and healthy groups (P&lt;0.001). However, no significant differences between the groups regarding MHR or NLR values were detected. Conclusions: These findings may suggest the presence of an inflammatory process characterized by local neurogenic inflammation in the pathophysiology of TN. Further comprehensive studies are required to assess the utility of MHR as a readily applicable marker in neurological disorders with neuroinflammatory and neuropathic pain etiologies.

Investigation of the Monocyte to High Density Lipoprotein Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Schizophrenia

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between MHR and schizophrenia. Methodology: This case control study was conducted at the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital of a private medical college from 1/11/2022 to 31/04/2023, involving 60 subjects, with thirty diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria and thirty healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was employed in the patient group to gauge the severity of schizophrenia. Peripheral venous blood was collected from all participants for the analysis of complete blood count parameters, including MHR, and the lipid profile (HDL cholesterol). Pearson’s correlation co-efficient was used for correlation analysis, P values of &lt; 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited higher MHR values (15.25±3.16 in schizophrenia patients and 11.50±2.65 in controls; P = 0.001). Both monocyte counts and MHR in schizophrenia patients were significantly elevated compared to the control group. A noteworthy positive correlation was observed between age, body mass index, severity of disease, and MHR. Statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, were employed to explore relationships between study variables and calculate P values. Conclusion: The utilization of the novel parameter MHR enabled the demonstration of an association between low-grade systemic inflammation and schizophrenia. This study underscores the validation of MHR as a valuable marker in psychiatric patients with schizophrenia, warranting further research to explore the utility of this simple and cost-effective instrument.

Chronotype and lipid metabolism in Arctic Sojourn Workers

ABSTRACT This study relates answers to the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from Arctic Sojourn Workers (ASW) of Yamburg Settlement, 68° Latitude North, 75° Longitude East (n = 180; mean age ± SD; range: 49.2 ± 7.8; 25–66 y; 45% women) to Arctic Sojourn Work Experience (ASWE), age and health status. Chronotype, Mid Sleep on Free Days sleep corrected (MSFsc) and sleep characteristics of ASW were compared to those of age-matched Tyumen Residents (TR, n = 270; mean age ± SD; range: 48.4 ± 8.4; 25–69 y; 48% women), 57° Latitude North, 65° Longitude East. ASW have earlier MSFsc than TR (70 min in men, p < 0.0001, and 45 min in women, p < 0.0001). Unlike TR, their MSFsc was not associated with age (r = 0.037; p = 0.627) and was linked to a larger Social Jet Lag (+21 min in men; p = 0.003, and +18 min in women; p = 0.003). These differences were not due to outdoor light exposure (OLE): OLE on work (OLEw) or free (OLEf) days was not significantly different between ASW and TR in men and was significantly less in ASW than in TR women (OLEw: −31 min; p < 0.001; OLEf: −24 min; p = 0.036). ASWE, but not age, was associated with compromised lipid metabolism in men. After accounting for multiple testing, when corrected for age and sex, higher triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein ratio, TG/HDL correlated with ASWE (r = 0.271, p < 0.05). In men, greater SJL was associated with lower HDL (r = -0.204; p = 0.043). Worse proxies of metabolic health were related to unfavorable components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in ASW. Higher OLE on free days was associated with lower systolic (b = -0.210; p < 0.05) and diastolic (b = -0.240; p < 0.05) blood pressure.

Effect of empagliflozin use on monocyte high-density lipoprotein ratio and plasma atherogenic index in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, caused by impaired insulin secretion and activity. Chronic inflammation holds a significant role in the development, progression, and complications of DM and obesity. There are publications reporting that the monocyte/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C ratio (MHR) and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) could be used as indicators of systemic inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), on MHR and PAI in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A total of 125 patients who presented to the outpatient clinics of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 with a diagnosis of T2DM and were started on 25 mg empagliflozin and used for a minimum of 24 weeks were included in the study. The patients' age varied between 18-75 years, were without chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, infection, or inflammatory disease, and were not on drugs affecting bone marrow. The patients were categorized into two groups, obese and non-obese, according to their body mass index (BMI). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software package. The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ± 10.9 years. Of the patients, 59.2% (n = 74) were female, and 40.8% (n = 51) were male. The mean HbA1c percentage was 8.99 ± 2.18% prior to empagliflozin treatment and significantly decreased to 7.68 ± 1.80% after empagliflozin use (p < 0.05). The mean monocyte HDL-C ratio (MHR) pre- and post-empagliflozin treatment was 16.22 ± 6.31 and 13.77 ± 5.29, respectively, and these values significantly differed from each other (p < 0.05). The mean plasma atherogenic index (PAI) of the patients before empagliflozin treatment was 0.62 ± 0.28, whereas, after the treatment, it significantly reduced to 0.52 ± 0.27 (p < 0.05). While MHR and PAI statistically significantly decreased with the use of empagliflozin, there was no difference between the obese and non-obese patient groups in terms of MHR and PAI results. Studies in the literature show that the decrease in MHR and PAI leads to a decline in inflammation. MHR and PAI are inexpensive and practical markers to assess cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation in diabetic patients. This finding indicates that MHR and PAI can be used as inflammation markers in patients on empagliflozin treatment.

Inflammatory biomarkers derived from whole blood cell count in atrial fibrillation patients.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationships between atrial fibrillation (AF) and hematological indices, such as neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume / platelet (MPV / PLT), neutrophil / monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte / monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII, platelet x neutrophil / lymphocytes), and monocyte / high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), that can be obtained from the complete blood count (CBC test).Material and method This retrospective study included 150 patients aged 40-80 yrs who were diagnosed with AF, and 91 age- and gender-matched controls. Hematological indices and inflammation markers were evaluated.Results In the AF group, NLR, PLR, SII, MHR, and MPV / PLT were elevated, and LMR was low. Multivariate regression analysis showed that hematological indices NLR, SII, and MHR were significant, independent, predictive factors for AF. ROC curves revealed the following significant sensitivity and specificity values: NLR 75 %, 52.3 %; LMR 61.3 %, 67.3 %; SII 67.4 %, 64.6 %; MHR 100 %, 56 %.Conclusion NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, MPV / PLT, and MHR may be useful in the early prediction of AF development. It is strongly emphasized that among these variables, MHR, may be the best independent variable that can be used to predict AF.

Effects of Nutrition Education with Intervention Mapping on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Borderline Dyslipidemia: Analysis According to Menopausal Status.

Menopause causes hormonal, physical, and psychological changes that are associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the effects of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on CVD risk factors in pre- and post-menopausal women with borderline dyslipidemia in Korea. In total, 76 participants were divided into the MNT and control groups. MNT was performed for 12 weeks using intervention mapping with consideration of weight, blood lipid levels, and dietary assessment results. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements and dietary intake were analyzed. The dietary energy and cholesterol intake, waist circumference (WC), blood triacylglycerol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and atherogenic index (AI) of the pre-menopausal MNT group decreased significantly after the intervention. Moreover, dietary cholesterol intake, WC, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, total blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio, and AI decreased significantly in the post-menopausal MNT group after the intervention. MNT for 12 weeks is effective in decreasing risk factors associated with CVD in Korean women with borderline dyslipidemia, and the effects differ between pre- and post-menopausal women.

Reduction of lauric acid content in virgin coconut oil improved plasma lipid profile in high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice.

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is claimed to have various health benefits, but favorable effects of its major component (∼50%), lauric acid, are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to reduce lauric acid content (∼30%) in VCO and evaluate its effect compared to VCO and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), on food intake, bodyweight (BW), lipid profiles, and hepatic histology. Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with different diets for 3 months: control (normal diet), high-fat diet (HF), HF+VCO, HF+MCT, HF+low lauric acid VCO (LLA), and normal diet+LLA (C+LLA). LLA was prepared by enzymatic interesterification of VCO with methyl octanoate (methyl caprylate) and methyl decanoate (methyl caprate). Plasma and liver lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride, were measured by colorimetric assay, and hepatic fat accumulation was examined by oil-red-O staining. HF mice exhibited high plasma and liver TC and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). VCO or MCT treatment lowered liver TC and LDL, whereas LLA increased plasma HDL and markedly improved TC:HDL ratio. The HF-induced hepatic fat accumulation was attenuated by all treatments, of which VCO was the most effective. Control mice administered with LLA demonstrated lower liver TC and LDL, but higher plasma TC and HDL compared to controls. Lowest BW gain and food intake were found in mice treated with LLA. In conclusion, VCO, MCT, and LLA ameliorated hepatic histopathology caused by HF. VCO and MCT improved liver lipid profiles, whereas LLA has more beneficial effect on plasma lipids via a better TC:HDL ratio and showed promise for BW control.

Serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein ratio as a novel indicator of inflammation is correlated with the presence and severity of metabolic syndrome: A large-scale study.

We investigated the association of serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein ratio (UHR) with the presence and severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among MASHAD cohort participants. In this cross-sectional study, according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, the cohort participants were divided into MetS (+) and MetS (-) groups. MetS (+) were classified into Group 1 (those with 3 MetS criteria), Group 2 (those with 4 MetS criteria) and Group 3 (those with 5 MetS criteria). UHR was compared among the groups. Data related to 9637 subjects including 3824 MetS (+) and 5813 MetS (-) were analysed. The mean UHR was significantly higher (p < .001) in the MetS (+) group compared with the MetS (-) group. UHR increased as the MetS severity increased (p < .001). ROC analysis revealed that UHR greater than 9.5% has 89.07% sensitivity and 77.03% specificity in differentiating MetS (-) from MetS (+) subjects. Among MASHAD cohort study participants, a significant association between UHR and MetS was found. Furthermore, there is an increase in UHR as the severity of MetS increases. Registration number of MASHAD cohort study: 85134.

Association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and multi-vessel coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MV-CAD) have poorer clinical outcomes than those with single-vessel coronary artery disease (SV-CAD). Solid evidence underlines that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plays a protective role and monocyte plays a negative role in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has not been studied in relation to MV-CAD.MethodsIn this study, 640 patients underwent coronary angiography, of whom 225 had severe coronary artery disease. Then divide the above two groups of patients into three groups based on the MHR tertiles, respectively. Logistic regression and subgroup analysis were carried out to estimate the association between MHR and MV-CAD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was constructed by combining classic CAD risk factors with MHR in response to MV-CAD. In addition, the mediating effect of MHR between smoking and MV-CAD in suspected CAD Patients was analyzed.ResultsAmong the three MHR groups, a statistically discrepant was observed in the number of patients with CAD, Severe-CAD and MV-CAD (PCAD < 0.001; PSevere-CAD < 0.001; PMV-CAD = 0.001) in suspected CAD patients. Furthermore, the number of patients with MV-CAD (P < 0.001) was different in Severe-CAD patients among three MHR groups. Non-CAD and CAD patients showed statistically discrepant in MHR levels (P < 0.001), and this difference also was observed between SV-CAD and MV-CAD patients (P < 0.001). In the analysis of suspected CAD patients, a significantly positive relationship was found between MHR and CAD, Severe-CAD, and MV-CAD (P for trend < 0.001). The effect of MHR on MV-CAD was consistent across all subgroups, with no significant randomized factor-by-subgroup interaction (P-interaction = 0.17–0.89). ROC analysis showed that the model constructed with MHR and classic influencing factors of CAD was superior to the model constructed solely based on classic influencing factors of CAD (0.742 vs.0.682, P = 0.002). In the analysis of Severe-CAD patients, patients with higher MHR levels had a higher risk of MV-CAD [OR (95%CI): 2.90 (1.49, 5.62), P for trend = 0.002] compared to patients with lower MHR. The trends persisted after adjusting for demographic (P for trend = 0.004) and classic influencing factors of CAD (P for trend = 0.009). All subgroup factors for patients with MV-CAD had no interaction with MHR (P-interaction = 0.15–0.86). ROC analysis showed that the model combining MHR and classic influencing factors of CAD was superior to the one including only the classic influencing factors of CAD (0.716 vs.0.650, P = 0.046). Assuming that MHR played a mediating effect between smoking and MV-CAD in suspected CAD patients. The results indicated that MHR played a partial mediating effect of 0.48 (P < 0.001).ConclusionA higher MHR was mainly associated with multi-vessel coronary artery disease and MHR partially mediated the association between smoking and MV-CAD.