High Degree Of Anxiety Research Articles

The Status and Expectations of the Relatives of Surgery Patients in the Waiting Area of Guilan Academic Hospitals

Background: The situation of the relatives of surgery patients in waiting areas is an important issue, which has not been investigated in Guilan province, so this study was planned. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Guilan academic hospitals (Razi-Poorsina-Heshmat-Alzahra–Amir al Momenin) from Feb 2022 to Dec 2022. Relatives of patients who underwent elective surgeries enrolled the survey. A questionnaire containing two parts of demographic data and 12 items assessing relative’s conditions in waiting area was filled out via a direct interview. Results: 318 relatives enrolled the survey. 93.2% of patients’ relatives were first-degree relatives.76.7% had information about the surgery. 41.5% were informed of their patient’s status in operating room. Fear of not emergence from anesthesia 109(34.3%) and death 105(33.0%) were the main causes of anxiety which was reported as 8.23±28.2 from 10 and only 6(1.9%) had financial concern. 86.8% of the responders declared that being informed from their patient’s condition in operating room, was the most effective approach to reduce their anxiety. A positive and highly significant association was observed between the level of education and receiving explanation from surgeon, anesthesiologist and being informed from patients’ status in waiting area (p=0.001). Conclusion: It was found that relatives of surgery patients suffered from high degrees of anxiety mainly due to fear of death and not emergence from anesthesia. They stated that being informed from their patient’s conditions was the most powerful factor in reducing their anxiety.

The potential effect of d-cycloserine on the development of anxiety during exposure sessions in patients with agoraphobia

IntroductionCombination of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine (DCS) in patients suffering from anxiety disorders yielded promising results regarding treatment outcomes. However, less is known about short-term effects of DCS during the treatment process, e. g. its potential influence on anxiety during exposure sessions. In this exploratory secondary analysis using data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated longitudinal changes in anxiety during exposure in agoraphobic patients receiving DCS or placebo (PBO). Methods73 patients suffering from agoraphobia (with or without panic disorder) were treated with 12 sessions of individual cognitive behavioral therapy including three exposure sessions. Patients were given either PBO or 50mg of DCS after each successful exposure. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze changes in outcomes measured in subjective units of distress (SUDS) over three time points (i.e. the exposure sessions) in the two groups. ResultsWe observed a decline in several SUDS outcomes in the DCS group, namely initial anxiety, maximum anxiety during exposure and within-session habituation, while the PBO group mostly maintained similar levels of anxiety from session to session. Anxiety at the end of exposure appeared to be stable in the DCS group as well. DiscussionOur findings suggest potential short-term effects of DCS on anxiety during exposure. Long lasting and high degree of anxiety over exposure sessions is burdensome for the patients. Thus, modifications to reduce anxiety during exposure or to accelerate the learning process while maintaining the same treatment efficacy could be desirable. However, given the exploratory nature of the analyses, confirmatory studies testing the hypothesis of a decline of SUDS in agoraphobic patients are needed before confident conclusions can be made.

The Role of Obsessive Compulsive Traits in Fibromyalgia: Is Pain-Related Obsessive Ideation Involved in Pathogenesis?

Background and Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as a chronic pain syndrome that is characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and diffuse stiffness. In addition, neuropsychological symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders, poor mood, cognitive impairment, and headaches are often reported. Many reports have addressed the coexistence of affective disorders and anxiety with FMS, yet few have focused on its association with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated the occurrence of classical patterns of OCD in participants with FMS and assessed their effect on pain perception and functional impairment. Material and Methods: The research population included 37 patients diagnosed with FMS, treated at the Rheumatology Clinic in the Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. We used validated questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on average and maximal pain intensity, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Obsessive questionnaire, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Results: Patients with FMS were found to have intrusive and obsessive thoughts regarding pain for several hours every day, causing a high degree of anxiety and high levels of pain, catastrophizing, and magnification, leading to helplessness and functional impairment. In total, 27% of the patients reported severe malfunction due to pain and pain ideation, and 49% demonstrated mild obsessive compulsive symptoms that were strongly correlated with pain intensity and functional impairment. Conclusions: Obsessive compulsive thinking patterns contribute to pain magnification and to the cognitive aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome.

Age Discrimination in the Hospitality Industry: How do Hospitality Students View Their Elderly Colleagues?

Elderly individuals are frequently perceived as being physically weak, reliant on others, and a source of societal stress. It is imperative for public health professionals and society at large to confront ageism, as they have the potential to mitigate and prevent discrimination, influence policy development, and impact the possibilities available for older individuals to achieve healthy ageing (WHO 2022). The focus of this study is the incidence of discrimination against older people (ageism) as a distinct form of prejudice in the tourism and hotel business. On the basis of an investigation of reciprocal interactions and the perception of working with older colleagues, the current situation of intergenerational relationships among the aging population is revealed. The aim of this study is to address the need for a better mutual understanding of the older and younger populations in the business environment and to foster more pleasant and productive collaboration between them. Using the proposed model, the study examines how prepared hospitality students in Serbia are to work with older colleagues and what their general opinion is about the older population. A survey was conducted among 198 students of hospitality management from Novi Sad (Serbia), incorporating several metrics indicated in the literature. The results imply that students' attitudes towards the social skills of older colleagues have the greatest positive influence on their willingness to work with older workers. In addition, the study revealed that a higher degree of anxiety about aging is associated with a decreased willingness to work with older colleagues. This emphasizes the need for hospitality and tourism faculties to incorporate pedagogical strategies, such as intergenerational service learning, to encourage and maintain intergenerational cooperation in the hospitality industry.

Status and influencing factors of returning to work 6 months after discharge from hospital with severe acute pancreatitis-a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study in China.

To describe the return to work of patients with severe acute pancreatitis within 6 months after discharge, and to explore the influence of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors on their return to work. Prospective 6 months follow-up study. A third class hospital in Guizhou Province. Adult of severe acute pancreatitis(18-60years), with a job before admission, in the intensive care unit ≥ 24 h, were included. To study return to work and influencing factors one, three and six months severe acute pancreatitis patients discharge. several measurements were used, including General Health Questionnaire (Demographic, disease-related, job-related and health behavior data), Readiness for Return-To-Work Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Forty-three severe acute pancreatitis patients were included in our study, with mean age 41.53 years. Twenty-nine (67.44%) patients returned to work within 6 months, and fourteen patients did not return to work. The status of Readiness for Return-To-Work Scale: fourteen severe acute pancreatitis patients who did not return to work were mainly in the precontemplation dimension and prepared for action-self-evaluative dimension both 5 cases (35.71%), and the 29 patients who had returned to work were in the Proactive maintenance stage. The study showed that the independent risk factors for returning to work in SAP patients were chronic disease (OR, 0.095; 95% CI [0.011-0.822]; p=0.008), sepsis (OR, 0.071; 95% CI [0.015-0.339]; p=0.009), low education level (OR, 2.905; 95% CI [0.969-8.710]; p<0.001), and anxiety and depression at 6 months (OR, 1.418; 95% CI [0.996-2.019]; p=0.004). In conclusion, the return to work of patients with severe acute pancreatitis needs to be improved. Chronic diseases, sepsis, low level of education and higher degree of anxiety and depression at 6 months were important factors leading to their failure to return to work.

Level of personality functioning among outpatients with predominant anxiety symptoms

IntroductionDimensional diagnosis of personality disorders has as its main criterion the assessment of the level of functionality. And in patients with other diagnostic categories, there is a difference in the degree of functioning, as well as a difference in the course and prognosis of the disorder. The reason for such a different course may be the existence of a certain degree of personality dysfunctionality.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of personality disorder in patients with neurotic disorder and predominantly anxiety symptomatology.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was made to determine personality disorder in patients with neurotic disorder (F40-F48, excluding those where the disorder is related to stress F43) and predominantly anxiety symptomatology. The HAM-A scale was used to assess anxiety, and the LPFS-BF-2.0 was used to assess the level of personality functioning. The results were processed by descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsThe study included 25 individuals (N 25, 64% women), aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 44.16, SD 13.20) with a diagnosed neurotic disorder. All subjects had elevated anxiety symptomatology, mean HAM-A score was 35.36 (SD 7.76). The assessment of the level of personality functioning with the LPFS-BF-2.0 gave the following results: 20% of people have a personality difficulty, 12% have a mild personality disorder, 32% have a moderate and 4% have a severe personality disorder.Conclusions According to the obtained results, 68% of people with a neurotic disorder and a high degree of anxiety have a certain degree of personality dysfunction. The prevalence of personality disorder in individuals with neurotic disorder is high (48%). These results lead to the conclusion that people with pronounced anxiety often have a disruption in personality. In people with a high level of anxiety, an assessment should be made for the level of functioning of the person, as well as for the existence of a personality disorder, and the treatment should be adjusted according to the results obtained. In addition to the treatment of the emerging symptoms, the personality dysfunctions should also be treated.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Anxiety immediately before endodontic treatment: cross-sectional quantitative analysis

IntroductionEndodontic treatments are considered by the patients to be one of the most painful and anxiety-generating procedures and this feeling may be linked to both environmental and individual aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of anxiety of patients immediately before the endodontic treatment. MethodsThe study design was a cross-sectional quantitative analysis where patient sampling was performed on those who met the inclusion criteria and needed endodontic treatment. The interview instruments for the investigation were a questionnaire with semi-structured questions, the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, and a digital device for measurement of blood pressure and heart rate. The variables investigated were gender, age, whether the patient liked to visit the dentist, depression, whether the patient used medication for depression, systolic and diastolic pressure, and heart rate. Data statistical were analysed using descriptive statistics and to evaluate the association between variables Pearson’s chi-square tests were used with a significance level of 5%.Results175 patients were included in the study and categorized as little anxious (33.7%), mildly anxious (45.1%), moderately anxious (15.4%), and extremely anxious (5.7%). There was a strong association between higher degrees of anxiety and whether the patient declared not liking to visit the dentist; no other significant correlation was found.ConclusionEndodontic patients who claim not to like to visit the dentist are more anxious. Healthcare professionals can pursue strategies to treat these patients with anxiety reduction techniques avoiding the postponement or evasion of endodontic treatments.

Analysis of wedge-shaped defects’ prevalence and treatment effectiveness

Relevance. The prevalence of wedge-shaped defects remains high. The increased risk of the fi falling out, the development of a secondary defect around the filling, and the progression of the wedge-shaped defect development are characteristic of the operative treatment of this type of hard dental tissue non-carious lesions. Therefore, the search for new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of wedge-shaped defects remains relevant in modern dentistry. Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of wedge-shaped dental defects and assess the effectiveness of a complex combined effect on dental tissues in non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues.Material and methods. We examined 942 patients aged 35 to 44 years. All underwent a dental examination, according to the WHO recommendations, questionnaire and instrumental diagnosis.Results. The dental examination detected wedge-shaped defects in 324 examined patients (34.4%). Upon presentation, patients with revealed stage I and II wedge-shaped defects complained of aesthetic dissatisfaction (11%), pain when eating (47%), and pain on brushing teeth (54%). According to the examination results before treatment, the volumetric blood flow velocity was 1.9 times lower in the group with a high degree of anxiety than in the group with a low degree of anxiety. The amplitude of the masticatory and temporal muscles at rest was 1.8 times higher in patients with a high anxiety degree than in patients with a low degree of anxiety.Conclusion. After a one-month course of treatment with the combined method proposed by us, the indicators of systolic volumetric blood flow velocity and the average amplitude of the masticatory and temporal muscles at rest in patients with high anxiety became comparable to those of the control group.

The relationship between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy, and health-promoting behavior in nursing students during COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety (R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r = -0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors (R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion (β = -0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status (β = -0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week (β = -0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health (β = -0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL (β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.

The relationship between preparation for gentle birth and the degree of anxiety of first pregnant women in facing labor at PMB Mutiara Medan Sunggal

Psychological changes make pregnant women experience anxiety in facing the delivery process, including the conditions that occur during the delivery process. To overcome this anxiety, the benefits of Gentle Birth are needed so that mothers can give birth in peace, free from fear and anxiety. Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship between preparation for gentle birth and the degree of anxiety of first pregnant women in facing labour. Method: the research used was a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design which was carried out at PMB Mutiara Medan Sunggal in October 2022. The total population used as the research sample was 30 respondents using the total sampling technique. The data collection method uses a questionnaire with an ordinal scale. Results: 19 people (79,2%) did a good gentle birth preparation with low anxiety, 5 people (20,8%) had high anxiety. Meanwhile, there were 2 respondents (33,3%) who did not prepare for gentle birth with a low degree of anxiety, and 4 people (66,7%) with a high degree of anxiety. In the Statistical Test (Chi Square), a p-value of 0.090 is obtained, meaning that this value is &lt; alpha (0.05). Thus it is concluded that H0 is rejected. Conclusion: That there is a relationship between preparation for gentle birth with the degree of anxiety of primigravida pregnant women at PMB Mutiara Medan Sunggal.

Dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation to treat tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a potential intervention for subjective tinnitus, but supporting evidence remains limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of anodal high-definition tDCS of the left temporal area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on tinnitus severity. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 77 patients (age range 18-79, 43 male) with chronic subjective tinnitus as their primary complaint. Thirty-eight subjects received six consecutive sessions of dual-site sequential high-definition-tDCS with electrodes positioned over the left temporal area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Both areas were stimulated for 15 min per session, with total stimulation time amounting to 30 min. Thirty-nine subjects received sham stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change in tinnitus severity, as evaluated by the Tinnitus Functional Index, from baseline to a follow-up visit at 8 ± 2 weeks after treatment completion. Secondary outcomes included changes in perceived tinnitus loudness, as measured with a visual analogue scale and a tinnitus matching procedure, as well as scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Hyperacusis Questionnaire. No differences in Tinnitus Functional Index change scores were identified between the active treatment and sham control groups (linear regression: P = 0.86). The Tinnitus Functional Index scores decreased significantly over time in both groups (P = 0.0012), indicating the presence of a considerable placebo effect. These change scores were significantly influenced by sex (linear regression: P = 0.037) and baseline symptoms of anxiety (linear regression: P = 0.049) in both groups. In general, Tinnitus Functional Index scores decreased more profoundly in males and in subjects with a higher degree of anxiety at baseline. None of the included secondary measures differed significantly between experimental arms. Our results suggest that dual-site sequential high-definition-tDCS of the left temporal area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex does not alleviate tinnitus severity. Interestingly, in our study population, fluctuations in tinnitus severity were influenced by gender and concurrent mental condition. It is therefore important to take these factors into account when conducting or planning randomized controlled trials in tinnitus populations.

Women and cardiac rehabilition in Mallorca

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Women are less likely to be referred to a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) than men. Little is known about the different indications between genders and whether women who attend a CRP have different health characteristics from men. Purpose To study the differences between men and women in the frequency of referral to the only CRP in Mallorca (Spain), their indication and whether there were different health characteristics by gender among referred patients. Methods Retrospective observational study. We studied the indication, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), somatometric data, blood test and psychosocial health (by hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS) of all patients referred to a CRP in Mallorca since the program was launched in 2014. Results 524 patients have been referred to the CRP. 18% (95) were women, with no differences in mean age compared to men (55.9 ± 11 vs 56.2 ± 10 years). Women were referred more frequently due to non-coronary diseases (20% vs 4%, p &amp;lt;0.05), such as congenital heart disease, valve disease, or heart failure due to other cardiomyopathies. Among patients referred with coronary disease (485), only 15.7% (76) were women. The most frequent indication (84% in men and 80% in women) was an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with similar percentages of NSTEACS and STEACS (women 43 and 57%, men 41 and 59%). Women were referred more frequently due to chronic coronary syndrome than men (17% vs 5%, p &amp;lt;0.05) and only one woman was referred after a coronary artery bypass grafting (vs 19 men, 1% vs 4%). Among patients with coronary disease, women had less frequent history of smoking (64% vs 81%, p &amp;lt;0.05), but similar percentages of other classic CVRF (Hypertension -59 vs 56% -, diabetes -27% vs 26% - and dyslipidemia -59% vs 63% - p&amp;gt;0,05). Women didn’t have significant differences when compared to men in their levels of LDL cholesterol (73 ± 23 vs 76 ± 25), triglycerides (122 ± 64 vs 135 ± 72), HbA1c (6.2 ± 1% vs 6, 1 ± 3%), p&amp;gt;0,05. A lower percentage of women were overweight or obese (71% vs 85%, p &amp;lt;0.05). Women with ischemic heart disease referred to the CRP had a higher degree of anxiety and depression measured in the HADS questionnaire (anxiety 9.2 ± 4 vs 7.0 ± 4, depression 6.7 ± 5 vs 5.1 ± 4, p &amp;lt;0.05). The percentage of women with a high degree of anxiety or depression (score&amp;gt; 11 in HADS) was higher than for men (anxiety 44% vs 22%, depression 24% vs 13%, p &amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions Only 18% of the patients referred to a CRP in Mallorca were women. This percentage was lower (15,8%) in patients with coronary disease referred to CRP. Women were referred in a higher percentage of cases than men for non-coronary pathology and chronic coronary syndrome. A lower percentage of women with coronary disease were smokers, overweighted or obese. Finally, a higher degree of anxiety and depression was observed among women than among men.

The Mediating Role of Jacobson Relaxation Techniques in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Performance of Female Handball Players

"One of the most discussed relationships in sport psychology is the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport performance. The issues addressed in this paper refer to the affective state of female competitive players and its link to the effectiveness/achievement of their long-term game. Objectives: The current work aimed to study how a high degree of anxiety affects the playing efficiency of the SCM Gloria Buzău handball team and to what extent the level of anxiety and, implicitly, of performance, can be modified in a beneficial way, by using the Jacobson technique. Methods and means. To carry out this study, the SAS-2 questionnaire, a multidimensional instrument that measures cognitive and somatic characteristics related to anxiety, was applied in the context of practicing performance sports. To analyse the data obtained, the SPSS Statistics V.20 analysis software was used, thus performing a multiple regression analysis, with anxiety as a predictor and efficiency as a criterion. In order to capture the effect of the Johnson method on the athletes’ performance, a two-way mixed ANOVA analysis of the 2x2 type was used. Results. Following this analysis, the following aspects can be noted: efficiency and anxiety correlate strongly, in the opposite direction, with a negative correlation coefficient between the two variables, r = -0.902. This correlation has high statistical significance (sig&lt;0.001). We observed that there is a strong, positive correlation between the level of control of emotions acquired as a result of therapy and the level of performance in the game, r=0.96, the result being statistically significant, sig&lt;0.001. Conclusions. The hypothesis on how a certain relaxation technique, applied in a consistent manner over a sufficient period of time, leads to an improvement in the quality of the athletes’ game was confirmed. Thus, following Jacobson relaxation techniques applied on female handball players, an increase in performance level was observed in both anxious and low-anxious individuals. Keywords: anxiety, performance, handball, Jacobson method "

Психологические аспекты в проблемах бесплодия среди населения различных стран.

The problem of infertility in the 21st century has become extremely important for public health in various countries, affecting the birth rate of the population and the number of humanity. Infertility, affecting approximately 8–12% of the world’s population, is associated with factors such as unwillingness to conceive, the age of the female partner, the number of diseases that affect fertility, etc. Questions of the influence of psychological problems, often regarded as the causes of idiopathic infertility, such as stress, depression, sleep disturbances, are of particular interest to researchers. A review of works on the potential impact of stress and depression on reproductive function showed not only a definite relationship, but also the difficulty of determining causal relationships due to the lack of a single assessment tool. P u r p o s e o f t h e s t u d y : to review foreign scientific literature containing information on the role of psychological factors in the formation of reproductive health disorders of the population, including infertility. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s : bibliographic, information and analytical methods and the method of comparative analysis were used. R e s u l t s . Mental health issues are often viewed as the causes of female and male infertility. To improve the quality of life of patients with infertility, it is necessary to address the issues of a causal relationship between psychological health and infertility, psychological health when using IVF and ways to solve the problem of psychologically induced infertility. The risk of developing depression and the relationship of a higher degree of anxiety with clinical pregnancy after IVF are shown. Due to the inaccurate data on the relationship between psychological stress and a decrease in male reproductive function, psychological stress is considered in studies as a risk factor for erectile function and ejaculation in men against the background of a high level of stressful life events, compared with women. Findings. Research has proven the effectiveness of psychological support and cognitive-behavioral group therapy in fertility treatment programs, including interventions accompanying IVF. Studies of psychological ways of correcting depression and positive IVF results have shown the importance of programs for influencing the mental state of couples undergoing treatment for infertility reasons.

A randomized trial comparing prescribed light exercise to standard management for emergency department patients with acute mild traumatic brain injury.

Persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS) after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion do not occur in the majority of patients sustaining such injuries, but when they do occur, they have significant functional consequences for patients. Delays in return to school, work, recreational, and social activities can deeply impact quality of life and have major long-term negative life consequences that are anything but mild, despite the classification of the initial injury. Predictive abilities to determine which patients will suffer PCS are currently poor, although certain presentation characteristics may be associated, such as age at injury, the occurrence and timing of prior concussions, the mechanism of injury, and others. Research into utilization of various biomarkers as predictive tools is underway but clear answers are still forthcoming.

Anxiety and Foreign Language Learning: Analysis of students’ anxiety towards Foreign language learning

Education is seen as a significant tool for assisting pupils in changing their behavior in accordance with their requirements and societal expectations. Anxiety and attitude among students are seen as necessary components of learning, and as a result, they play a significant role in second language acquisition. The major goal of this research is to look at the elements that influence students' anxiety when learning a language at Erbil's private universities. Students' anxiety was measured using a quantitative research method, which included dread of unfavorable assessment, communication apprehension, and exam anxiety. The researcher adapted and adjusted a survey developed by prior academics and was able to collect the essential data. The researcher was able to collect 92 surveys that were properly completed. To assess each of the research hypotheses, multiple regression analysis was used. The results of this study demonstrated that students' fear of negative anxiety was associated with a higher degree of anxiety when it came to learning a language, while students' test anxiety was associated with a lower value among other variables.

Conundrum of chronic pelvic pain and a pelvic journey of unparalleled grit: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Conundrum of chronic pelvic pain and a pelvic journey of unparalleled grit: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Avaliação da resiliência em escolares do ensino médio e sua relação com a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos

Introdução: A resiliência é um processo interativo, em que as características individuais e as relações interpessoais são determinantes para o enfrentamento dos eventos adversos. Adolescentes resilientes, além de menos vulneráveis a riscos, são mais bem sucedidos às adaptações em situações de estresse. Em contrapartida, indivíduos pouco resilientes apresentam enfrentamento prejudicado face às adversidades, podendo gerar sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a resiliência e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em estudantes do ensino médio. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com amostra composta de 80 matriculados no ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário de Depressão Infantil; Escala de Ansiedade de Hamilton; scala de Resiliência de Wagnild &amp; Young; e questionário sociodemográfico elaborado pelos autores. Resultados: A baixa resiliência foi 2,02 vezes mais prevalente em adolescentes com sintomatologia depressiva; no entanto, a prevalência de baixa resiliência foi 2,54 vezes maior em pessoas com renda familiar mais baixa. Estar namorando reduziu em 45% a prevalência de baixa resiliência e demonstrou ser um fator de proteção para promoção de resiliência. A razão de prevalência de baixa resiliência foi 50% maior em adolescentes com forte grau de ansiedade, porém não houve diferença estatística significativa. Conclusões: Com base nas constatações deste estudo, adolescentes com baixa resiliência apresentaram mais indicativos de sintomas depressivos. A resiliência mostrou-se como fator protetor para sintomas de depressão, assim como maior renda familiar e estar namorando demonstraram serem bons preditivos para o desenvolvimento de indivíduos resilientes.

IMPACT OF ANXIETY AND TERROR OF DEATH ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS

The aim of the study was to identify the terror of death and anxiety level in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving renal replacement therapy using chronic hemodialysis (HD) and to evaluate the impact of patients' psychological status on medical staff, selection of basic methods of psychotherapeutic care for patients in this category. We involved 37 patients, aged 33-72 years (mean, 45.6 ± 3.8 years). The duration of chronic HD ranged from 8 months to 10 years, with an average of 4.6 years. All the patients had a stable nutritional status, HD regimen and drug therapy for at least 3 months. To diagnose the psychological state of patients we used: the scale of self-assessment of the level of situational and personal anxiety (Spielberger-Hanin’s Scale), personal questionnaire for changes at the onset of HD therapy, elements of a clinical interview, image apperception test (simplified version of Thematic apperception test., Bechterev’s Institute Personal Questionnaire for Diagnosis of Type of Illness (LOBI), Locus of control and personal changes after initiation of HD therapy.&#x0D; We found that the: adaptation of the patient to HD therapy is complicated due to the high degree of anxiety and maladaptive terror of death, which reduce the patient’s quality of life. The HD procedure increases the level of situational anxiety and requires psycho-correction. HD therapy requires activation of the patient's psychological protection mechanisms, since the dominant protective mechanisms of the psyche in this type of substitution treatment are displacement and negation. The inflexible and rigid use of the latter provokes maladaptive reactions when interacting with healthcare providers, a non-constructive approach to lifestyle choices, work-rest regime, and diet. Patients with a maladaptive mode of adjustment to HD therapy require psychotherapy assistance. There is a need to monitor the psychological status of not only patients, but also medical staff, which due to the specificity of the contingent increases the level of contingent own terror of death. Doctors of HD units require participation in mutual support groups.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: early quarantine-related anxiety and its correlates among Jordanians.

Jordan implemented a nationwide lockdown and recommended self-quarantine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such measures are expected to have consequences on mental health. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of quarantine-related anxiety and its socioeconomic correlates. An online questionnaire was utilized to collect information about quarantine-related anxiety and related factors from a non-representative sample of Jordanian population in March 2020. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to ascertain the level of stress. Using STATA 16, multivariable ordinal logistic regression was done to estimate beta-coefficient (β) and corresponding 95% CI of the anxiety level. Overall, 5274 participants returned the survey. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anxiety was 21.5%, 10.9%, and 6%, respectively. Female gender (β= 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.59) and more members of the household (β= 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.07) were correlated with a higher degree of anxiety, while older age (β= -0.27, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.20), having larger social network (β= -0.17, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.13), social support (β= -0.28, 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.23), and higher income (>2000 Jordanian Dinars vs reference, β= -0.52, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.33) were correlated with lower BAI scores. Our findings showed that approximately four out of every ten participants experienced quarantine-related anxiety. Younger participants, women, and people with poor social support were more likely to experience quarantine-related anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of targeting these groups to mitigate the consequence of home quarantine on public health.