Cost Of Higher Education Research Articles

An exploratory value-cost approach in predicting college students’ achievement goals in multicultural education

ABSTRACT Student resistance is inevitable in the process of multicultural education, but few researchers have explored the dynamics of student motivation. The purpose of this study was to help bridging the gap between motivation and multicultural education by examining the value and cost beliefs of college students in diversity learning, and how those beliefs predict their achievement goals. Participants were 173 college students who were predominantly education majors (86.1%), White (65.9%), and female (80.9%). Exploratory factor analysis results showed that students mainly harbored value and cost beliefs in diversity learning. Multivariate multiple regression analyses results demonstrated an overall significant predictive power of students’ value-cost beliefs over their achievement goals. In particular, students who perceived higher values of multicultural education reported more mastery-approach goals, whereas those who perceived higher cost of multicultural education endorsed more performance-approach goals. While confirming the importance of instilling high values to help cultivate optimal learning goals for college students, the results suggest the potential detrimental effects of perceived high cost of multicultural education. The study has important implications for educators to improve student motivation in diversity learning. Future research can further examine the factor structure of college students’ value-cost beliefs and their longitudinal effects on achievement goals.

Factors predicting condom use among undergraduates in a Nigerian university

Funding is considered all over the world as the life wire that propels the educational sector towards achieving her objectives. The paper focuses on the need for adequate funding of secondary education in Nigeria. Emphases were laid on the alternative sources of funding for secondary schools as well as the consequences of inadequate funding on secondary school such as infrastructural decay, high cost of education, low level of staff commitment. Influence of adequate funding on secondary education such as infrastructural development, employment of quality teachers was also highlighted. The study also discussed the reasons for inadequate financing of secondary education among which is population explosion and lack of adequate planning. The techniques for proper financial management were also identified. It was concluded that proper funding plays a significant role in the achievement of the objectives of secondary education in the country. It was therefore recommended that the government should be committed to the funding of secondary education through adequate budgetary allocation while the private sector should also contribute to schools development as part of their corporate social responsibility. Keywords: Funding, Secondary, Education, Budget, Administration

Survey sheds light on giving habits of U.S. college grads

New research from educational fundraising platform GiveCampus sheds light on the charitable giving habits of college‐educated Americans, a large segment of the population that is increasingly concerned about the rising cost of higher education in this country.

Peran Biaya Operasional Pendidikan terhadap Output Pendidikan

Operational Education Costs are one of the most important instrumental input components in the administration of education. The education process cannot run without the support of operational costs. Madrasah Aliyah is a formal education unit under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion which organizes general education with the distinctiveness of the Islamic religion at the secondary education level. Educational activities carried out by schools including Madrasah Aliyah must be based on the educational goals to be achieved. One of the achievement of educational goals can be seen from the results of learning or educational output. Parents of students dare to pay high education costs not to obtain low educational output, but they want high educational output. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the operational costs of education on educational output in Madrasah Aliyah in Cimahi. This research uses descriptive study method, because the problem under study is an actual and factual so that the researcher is able to study intensively about the background of the present situation. In this study the authors used several data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation studies. In this study there are 2 Aliyah Madrasas which are used as sample objects for comparison so that researchers know the role of educational operational costs to educational output, namely Madrasah Aliyah Mutiteknik Asih Putera and Madrasah Aliyah Al-Farisy. While the educational output in this study is seen from the average value of NEM for the National Examination of students from each school. From various data obtained by the author about the object of research, the results of the study indicate that the role of operational operational costs in this research has an influence on educational output. This means that high operational costs of education on average result in better educational outputs.

ДИДАКТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОСТОРУ В ФОРМУВАННІ ДОСВІДУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР

The article is highlights that in in Ukrainian High Medical Schools as well in the process of development of professional mobility of nurses aren’t introduced the procedures of international mobility of students. The authors generalized, that an absence of possibilities for international mobility of medical students is based on: differences of educational curriculum programs in Ukraine and European Union; on high cost of the medical education; programs are focused on postgraduate education level. The directions of experience development of nurses are defined: personal professional mobility, faced on improving of professionally-oriented personal qualities, cognitive, communicative, social, creative potentiality; horizontal mobility – spread of opportunities in additional branches of activity or in other professional displays. The characteristics of personal educational environment are presented as: a complex of information and resources, that is formed by the person and appeared around him, it is accessible for him in present time or is stored by him in the net; content-instrumental, mainly self-organizing actions and procedures, which are based on necessities of self-informing, self-development, self-control; process-content, organizationally-pedagogical and self-organizing complex, which is formed by personal educational net, personal educational content, personal educational environment.In the article the features of filling the personal educational environment in the conditions of obtaining modern medical education are analyzed. It separated the components of didactic potentiality of personal educational environment; technologic, a content (educational platforms, an educational and communicative informational resources, medical informational materials of the net), activity, evaluatively-resultive, social, and it was discussed opportunities of its using in the direction of formation of the experience of personal and horizontal professional mobility of future nurses.It was concluded that in the condition of absence of international mobility of future nurses on the level of graduating higher education the development of experience of personal professional and horizontal mobility is maintained by functioning of the personal educational environment of the student, resources of which is better to use more actively in the direction of organization of educational process.

The revolution in online learning and implication in Vietnamese universities

Online education has rapidly become popular worldwide in higher education. There are massive open online courses which could be found in Coursera and EDX. These courses ensure the availability and the accessibility of the online learning through videos with subtitles. Online learning not only gives students unprecedented opportunities to learn, but also reduces the cost of higher education. However, online learning presents unit challenges compared to traditional learning, especially in Vietnamese education. In this paper, we present the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. In particular, we will show the advantages and disadvantages of taking online courses of Vietnamese students. We will also share our experience as a tutor of Funix University which is the first online university in Vietnam. In addition, we will give feasible suggestions to improve the quality of online learning in Vietnamese universities, especially the quality of assessment in online learning. These suggestions could be applied in building new online courses in the universities.

Schooling Investment, Mismatch, and Wage Inequality

This paper examines how policies, aimed at increasing the supply of education in the economy, affect the matching between workers and firms, and the wages of various skill groups. We build an equilibrium model where workers endogenously invest in education, while firms direct their technology toward skill intensive production activities. Search frictions induce mismatch on both extensive (unemployment) and intensive (over-education) margins, with ensuing wage consequences. We estimate the model using NLSY and O*NET data, and propose an ex-ante evaluation of prominent educational policies. We find that higher education cost subsidies boost college attainment, produce substantial welfare gains in general equilibrium, but increase wage inequality. These changes are associated with a substantial upward shift in the distribution of job complexity, which leads to worse allocations for high-school graduates who end up under-educated in less productive firms, while highly-educated workers match with more productive firms and experience less over-education during their careers.

A Contribution to the Theory of Performance Contract

For an artist at the earliest stages of his career, accumulating a stock of knowledge and skills can become the most important basis from which he or she might expect a higher income or ranking on the art market in the future. These investments can be seen as the direct costs of higher education in art, which together with other costs make a significant corpus of investment for the artist, from which some future return may be expected. According to the renowned theoretician of economy Ruth Towse, such investment can also be considered as a “percentage of personal income,” which can be understood as compensation for any interest that the artist would have realized in case he had effectively converted such investment into savings or invested in something else. Thus, the indirect costs of investing in art education are all those that we can consider as earnings that were missed during the training period, or period of knowledge accumulation. In this case, theorists will agree that such investment may be considered as an opportunity cost, which would have been compensated had that time been used for work, that is, invested in earning rather than learning. Therefore, in this paper, based on these dichotomy contributions, we will build on the general views of the contract theory as proposed by Richard E. Caves on the negotiating position of the artist, which in most cases constitutes an “incomplete contract” that cannot compensate for all the costs of art education and later the price and market value of his or her work. The need to pay special attention to this topic in the new conditions of political economy arises from a rather dominant and hypostatic form of cognitive capital on the one side, and the neoliberal model of cultural policy on the other.

The undefined figure: Instructional designers in the open educational resource (OER) movement in higher education

The paper aims to discuss the role of instructional designers (IDs) in supporting the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement in higher education. Due to the increasing cost of higher education, previous studies indicated the feasibility of adopting OER to lower students’ educational expenses and to equalize their learning opportunities (Murphy in Distance Education, 34(2), 201–217, 2013; Okamoto in Public Services Quarterly, 9(4), 267–283, 2013). However, many instructors and staff are facing various barriers to adopting OER, such as the lack of time, motivation, and knowledge of quality evaluation (Taylor and Taylor in Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 21(2), 1–8, 2018). IDs often serve as learner analysts, instructional innovators, and leaders in educational technology to assist instructors in developing teaching materials. However, limited research studied their partnerships to overcome the barriers of creating and adopting OERs in universities and colleges. Hence, the paper will propose a viable solution to include IDs in overcoming OER adoption barriers and promoting the OER movement in higher education. The findings may contribute to the field of OER movement and pave the way for future research.

Where Do Pediatric Dental Residents Intend to Practice? Exploring the Influence of Loan Repayment Programs and Other Factors.

The high cost of dental education and consequent loan burdens contribute to the shortage of pediatric dental providers in rural areas (RAs). Economic incentives are meant to recruit practitioners to RAs. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of government subsidized loan repayment programs (GSLRPs) to recruit pediatric specialists to practice in RAs. A 26-item questionnaire was emailed to all 921 pediatric dental residents across the U.S. in 2015 for a cross-sectional study of factors influencing their choice of practice location. The instrument included information about GSLRPs, enabling the study to serve as a quasi-experiment on the level of funding needed to make GSLRPs effective. A total of 169 residents responded, for an 18% response rate; 74% of respondents were women and 86% had student loan debt. Among the respondents, 40.6% said they would like to practice in RAs, but only 4.1% actually intended to do so. Over one-third initially reported interest in GSLRPs for practicing in RAs. However, after being informed that the average GSLRP is $30,000 annually, one-third of those lost interest. Although 14.2% said no amount would convince them to consider practice in an RA, over half (53.3%) indicated willingness to consider it if the GSLRP were $40,000-$60,000. These results suggest that current GSLRP levels are insufficient to induce pediatric dentists to practice in RAs.

IMPACT OF STUDENT LOAN IN EMPOWERMENT THE COMMUNITIES

This study aims to collect and analyze articles related to the impacts of student loan in realizing community empowerment. The background of this study is higher education costs cannot be afforded by the majority community. Although many government have launched student loan programs, the debate over failure of student loan programs in developing countries has not been resolved. The method used in this study is a literature review by collecting various sources of articles related to the issues discussed. Based on the articles collected, there are many problems such as irrelevant student loan policies, challenges in their application system, loans that could not be repaid that eventually burdened the community. The role of the government, the trust of banks, and the commitment of the community are factors that determine the success rate of achieving this student loan.

Cost of higher education: For-profit universities and online learning

The Higher Education Reauthorization Act (HERA) of 2006 eliminated so called the “50 percent rule” that prohibited students enrolled in post-secondary institutions offering 50% or more of their courses exclusively online to receive any federal financial aid (Title IV aid). In this paper we study the net cost of attending colleges and additionally test for so-called “Bennett” hypothesis that assumes that the Title IV aid, that became available after elimination of 50% rule, might have been captured by institutions that could increase tuition and fees and lower the amount and availability of the institutional grants to students. We study the net costs, tuition and fees, and institutional aid for students who study exclusively online, students in for-profit colleges in which exclusive online education is more heavily concentrated, and students who study exclusively online at for-profit universities before and after the elimination of 50% rule. We find a partial support for Bennett hypothesis for profit, but not exclusively online students.

Factors Influencing the Private Cost of Higher Education; the Case of Sri Lanka

The research aims to identify and analyze the cost elements that impact the private cost of university education in Sri Lanka. It focused on determining the private cost of the Bachelor’s degree programs and also the cost elements affecting the total private cost and their significance. Twenty one cost categories were identified through a pilot study and analyzed in order to assess their impact on the private cost and their variability based on field of study, gender, programme duration, and the socio-economic group of undergraduates. The population comprised of students enrolled in private higher education institutes offering Bachelor’s degree programs in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted during the 2016/2017 academic year and the sample contained 419 respondents drawn utilizing the purposive and stratified random sampling procedures. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square test for independent sample statistics at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that majority of cost categories (15) had significantly varied between fields of study undertaken while minority of cost categories (10) varied significantly between students’ gender. The study revealed that the identified factors influenced the private cost of university education in the Sri Lankan context.  https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.3.10

Extending Open Textbook Network Workshop and Reviews to Include All OER and Library Materials

The cost of higher education is a barrier for many students, keeping them from attaining their goals. While textbooks and course materials are just a small part of the total cost of attendance, this is the area where faculty can have a direct impact in lowering costs. By choosing openly licensed course materials, faculty can not only help students save money but also have complete control over customizing their curriculum. This article describes a workshop model that offers stipends for faculty to review open educational resources (OER), which increases the likelihood that they will go on to adopt OER in their courses. Librarians at Umpqua Community College (UCC) extended the workshop model, and their innovation is now being implemented statewide.

ЕТАПИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ВИЩОЇ АГРАРНОЇ ОСВІТИ В США

The importance of the problem of formation of higher agricultural education in the USA is highlighted. It has been proved that globalization, democratization, a single information space have influenced the development of higher agricultural education. The main seven stages of the formation of agrarian higher education are highlighted. It was found that the first one includes the period from 1636 to 1776, when the founding of colleges took place, it was concluded that in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, higher agricultural education in the USA was subordinated to local authorities; the second stage – the period of experiment, from 1776 to 1862, the correspondence between the training of specialists in agrarian education and the needs of industry are established; the third stage from 1862 to 1900 – proved that with the onset of rapid breakthroughs in the development of the economy there was an urgent need for specialists from specific sectors of the economy, the agricultural sector was no exception; in 1900 – 1950 there is the fourth stage, when there are two-year colleges; From the 1950s to the 1980s, the fifth stage was marked by changes in the US high school in accordance with the requirements of scientific and technological progress; in the sixth stage from 1980 to 2000, it was found that education is inextricably linked with politics; The seventh stage, which dates from 2000 up to now, is characterized by increased requirements for the training of future specialists. The signs of the development of higher agricultural education in the United States are highlighted: high pace of education, the emergence of higher education institutions, increased costs of higher education, assistance to the state in improving the quality of higher education, improvement of curricula, application of forms and methods of training of future specialists in accordance with the requirements of scientific and technological progress, increasing the role of higher agricultural school, etc. The problem of the quality of US education as a matter of state importance and level is considered. It is concluded that strengthening the role of the state government in financing the higher agricultural school becomes the most important moment in the process of formation of higher agricultural education.

Penerapan Metode TOPSIS untuk Seleksi Penerima Beasiswa (Studi Kasus: SMAN 2 Tebing Tinggi Timur)

Government efforts to overcome the high cost of education by providing tuition assistance to underprivileged students in funding education, called scholarships. This scholarship is aimed at students who are economically disadvantaged. Students must have certain criteria that will be assessed by the school in considering their eligibility as scholarship recipients. Therefore, it is necessary to have a decision support system which will be able to shorten the selection time and improve quality in determining scholarship acceptance. the decision support system used is TOPSIS based on predetermined criteria. By using this method, it will be able to produce objective decisions in determining scholarship receipts at Tebing Tinggi Timur 2 High School.

Balancing Clarity, Rigor, and Access: Academic Transfer in Social Work Education

Given the rising cost of higher education, many students begin their academic career in community college. For social work students, this can be a more affordable path to a BSW degree and potential eligibility for advanced standing. This administrative note describes the impact of one state's program-to-program transfer articulation agreement on three social work programs that created a viable transfer pathway for students. Statewide agreements can facilitate a seamless transfer for economically vulnerable students, many of whom come from the communities they will eventually serve. They also present challenges for program autonomy and raise questions for accredited social work education. The authors conclude with recommendations for social work education to promote a more diverse student body and clearer pathways for students who transfer.

Education costs in Brazil: analysis of macroeconomic variables

This article is meant to analyse the key macroeconomic variables that affect higher education costs in Brazil and to provide an overview of the present status of education in that country. Quantitative indicators regarding population, education, employment and economy, provided by public database bodies such as MEC, IBGE, OECD and WEF were used. Statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, simple regression and clusters analysis, were carried out. Results indicate a strong relationship between the number of public higher education institutions (HEI) and number of people who attend them. As a result of the main components analysis, 15 variables were reduced to three principal components that explain 89.109% of the total variance. Finally, as a result of the cluster analysis, four different clusters can be verified, with divergent situations identified between the four aggrupation of Brazilian states.

Education costs in Brazil: analysis of macroeconomic variables

This article is meant to analyse the key macroeconomic variables that affect higher education costs in Brazil and to provide an overview of the present status of education in that country. Quantitative indicators regarding population, education, employment and economy, provided by public database bodies such as MEC, IBGE, OECD and WEF were used. Statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, simple regression and clusters analysis, were carried out. Results indicate a strong relationship between the number of public higher education institutions (HEI) and number of people who attend them. As a result of the main components analysis, 15 variables were reduced to three principal components that explain 89.109% of the total variance. Finally, as a result of the cluster analysis, four different clusters can be verified, with divergent situations identified between the four aggrupation of Brazilian states.

Empowering satisfaction: analyzing the relationship between empowerment, work conditions, and job satisfaction for international center managers

The rising cost of higher education has driven researchers and practitioners alike to identify areas of waste and search for practices associated with increasing efficiency. One area commonly targeted is human resources, where the dominant narrative focuses on the role of downsizing as a way to decrease cost. In contrast to workforce reduction, institutions could reduce inefficiencies by finding effective ways to avoid premature departure and strengthen the current workforce in higher education. In this study, we analyze employees’ perception of their work conditions and sense of empowerment, in relation to job satisfaction, which has been found to increase productivity and reduce turnover. To illustrate and model key variables, we utilize structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between our key latent constructs. We find empowerment is positively related to job satisfaction, while working conditions are not.