High-carb Diet Research Articles

Sa1404 Baseline Gastrointestinal Responses to High-Carb and Low-Carb Meals and Adaptations in These Responses Following Weight Loss With High-Carb and Low-Carb Diets

Sa1404 Baseline Gastrointestinal Responses to High-Carb and Low-Carb Meals and Adaptations in These Responses Following Weight Loss With High-Carb and Low-Carb Diets

The role of myostatin on skeletal muscle energy metabolism during rest and exercise

Myostatin (Mst) regulates skeletal muscle mass and adipogenesis, but its role in regulating metabolism and physical performance is unknown. We investigated three mouse models: Mst overexpressing transgenic [TG]; Mst knock‐out [KO]; wild type [WT]. Male (1 yr) mice were fed a regular (R), low carb (LC), high carb (HC) or high fat (HF) diet for 6 wks. Maximal (MS) and critical (CS) running speed and ‘work capacity’ (W’) were determined using a treadmill at 5% incline. Results were allometrically scaled for body mass. Calorific intake was not different among diets. Compared to R, body mass was lower all animals in LC (5–8%; P<0.05), but in HC was 9% lower only in KO (P<0.05). During HF body mass was 41% greater in TG than WT (P<0.05). MS was faster among TG animals, especially in LC diet (TG=50±2; WT=40±1; KO=35±1 m/min; P<0.05), and was slower in KO. Also, CS was slower in TG than WT (P<0.05), but only during HC and HF diets. W’ was independent of diet but significantly greater in TG (TG=41±10 m; WT=25±5 m; KO=18±5; P=0.012). The results are consistent with a metabolic regulatory role of Mst, where overexpression results in a greater reliance on â‐oxidation and a reduced glycogenolytic rate.Supported by U54RR022776, SC1GM089648‐01A1.

Effects of Very-Low-Carbohydrate (Horsemeat- or Beef-Based) Diets and Restricted Feeding on Weight Gain, Feed and Energy Efficiency, as well as Serum Levels of Cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, Glucose, Insulin and Ketone Bodies in Adult Rats

Background/Aims: The beneficial or harmful effect of the low-carbohydrate (low-carb), high-protein, high-fat diet (Atkins diet) has not been clearly demonstrated. We determined the effect of a low-carb diet and restricted feeding (70% ad libitum intake) on serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, ketone bodies and insulin in rats. Methods: In experiment 1, each of 4 groups with 10 adult rats was assigned to a high-carb diet (AIN-93G) + ad libitum intake or restricted feeding, or a low-carb diet (53% horsemeat) + ad libitum intake or restricted feeding (2 × 2 factorial). In experiment 2, each of 3 groups with 10 adult rats was assigned to a control (AIN-93G) or low-carb diets (53% beef or horsemeat). Results: Restricted feeding and the low-carb diet reduced (p < 0.01) serum triacylglycerol compared with ad libitum intake and the AIN-93G diet, respectively (experiment 1). The dietary effect on serum total cholesterol, high-density or low-density lipid cholesterol appeared to be inconsistent, but restricted feeding increased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The serum ketone body level was increased by the low-carb diet compared with AIN-93G (experiment 2). Conclusion: Restricted feeding and a low-carb diet are beneficial for alleviating cardiovascular disease risk factors, and their effects are additive, restricted feeding being more pronounced.

Study suggests diabetes risk increased with a high-carb diet in women

Study suggests diabetes risk increased with a high-carb diet in women

High-Carb Chinese Diet May Hike Diabetes Risk

High-Carb Chinese Diet May Hike Diabetes Risk

High-Carb Chinese Diet May Hike Diabetes Risk

High-Carb Chinese Diet May Hike Diabetes Risk

Study Exonerates High-Carb Diets as Weight-Gain Cause in Older Women

Study Exonerates High-Carb Diets as Weight-Gain Cause in Older Women

Effect of a High-Carbohydrate Versus a High—cis-Monounsaturated Fat Diet on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

To investigate whether blood pressure is different in type 2 diabetic patients on a diet rich in carbohydrates versus a diet rich in cis-monounsaturated fatty acids. Data on the dietary effects on these diets' glucose and lipid metabolism have been previously published. The study compared the effect of feeding 42 type 2 diabetic patients a carefully controlled isoenergic high-carbohydrate (high-carb; 55% energy as carbohydrate, 30% as fat, and 10% as monounsaturated fat) and high-monounsaturated fat (high-mono; 45% energy as fat, 25% as monounsaturated fat, and 40% as carbohydrate) diet for 6 weeks each in a four-center, randomized, cross-over study on blood pressure. Twenty-one patients continued the diet they received during the second phase for an additional 8 weeks. According to repeated-measures ANOVA, blood pressure during the last 3 days of each phase was similar after 6 weeks of the high-carb and high-mono diets (systolic blood pressure: 128 +/- 16 vs. 127 +/- 15 mmHg, P = 0.9; diastolic blood pressure: 75 +/- 7 vs. 75 +/- 8 mmHg, P = 0.7). However, after 14 weeks of the high-carb diet (n = 13), there was a significant increase in blood pressure compared with 6 weeks of the high-mono diet (systolic blood pressure: 132 +/- 13 vs. 126 +/- 11 mmHg, P = 0.04; diastolic blood pressure: 83 +/- 6 vs. 76 +/- 7 mmHg, P = 0.002). After 14 weeks of the high-mono diet (n = 8), the reduction in blood pressure was not significant compared with 6 weeks of the high-carb diet (systolic blood pressure: 118 +/- 14 vs. 121 +/- 16 mmHg, P = 0.4; diastolic blood pressure: 71 +/- 8 vs. 75 +/- 10 mmHg, P = 0.3). Although the exchange of carbohydrates with monounsaturated fats may not affect blood pressure in the short term, long-term consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet may modestly raise blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients.

Flow-Mediated Dilatation Is Impaired by a High–Saturated Fat Diet but Not by a High-Carbohydrate Diet

It is unknown whether a low-fat diet, which may elevate triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, harms the endothelium. Our aim was to determine whether a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (CARB) diet impaired endothelial vasodilation compared with high saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) diets. Forty healthy subjects were randomly crossed over to 4, 3-week isocaloric diets high in PUFA, MUFA, or SFA, containing at least 25 g of the relevant fat or a low-fat, CARB, high-glycemic load diet. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), fasting blood lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, plasma intercellular, and vascular adhesion molecules plasma E- and P-selectin were measured after each intervention. SFA impaired FMD compared with all other diets (5.41+/-2.45% versus 10.80+/-3.69%; P=0.01). FMD did not change on CARB relative to MUFA or PUFA, despite 23% to 39% rises in triglyceride and 10% to 15% falls in HDL cholesterol. P-selectin was highest after SFA (121+/-52.7 ng/mL) versus MUFA (98+/-44.5 ng/mL; P=0.001) and PUFA (96+/-36.4 ng/mL; P=0.001). High SFA caused deterioration in FMD compared with high PUFA, MUFA, or CARB diets. Inflammatory responses may also be increased on this diet.

Effect of a high-carbohydrate vs a high– cis-monounsaturated fat diet on lipid and lipoproteins in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes

It is not known whether the extent of the improvement in lipids and lipoproteins on a high– cis-monounsaturated (high-mono) diet compared with a high-carbohydrate (high-carb) diet is different in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic subjects. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a high-mono and a high-carb diet on lipids and lipoproteins in patients with T2DM and nondiabetic subjects. Ten healthy nondiabetic men, 8 men with T2DM on dietary therapy alone, and 10 men with T2DM requiring insulin therapy were fed an isoenergic high-carb diet (60% energy as carbohydrate and 25% as fat) and a high-mono diet (50% energy as fat and 35% as carbohydrate) for 2 to 4 weeks in a randomized, crossover fashion. Dietary fiber, simple carbohydrates, and cholesterol were held constant across diets. The lipid and lipoprotein responses to these diets were compared in nondiabetic and T2DM subjects by repeated measures analysis of variance model. Patients with T2DM had 2.2 to 2.3 times greater reductions in plasma triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDLC) on the high-mono diet compared with the high-carb diet than the nondiabetic subjects ( P = .02-.04). The reductions in triacylglycerol and VLDL cholesterol were 2.7 times greater ( P = .009-.02) in T2DM subjects with high plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (>2.26 mmol/L) but only 1.4 to 2.0 times greater ( P = .16-.52) in T2DM patients with low triacylglycerol concentrations (<2.26 mmol/L) compared with nondiabetic subjects who all had low triacylglycerol concentrations (<2.26 mmol/L). Patients with T2DM experienced greater decreases in plasma triacylglycerol, VLDL cholesterol, and TC/HDLC on a high-mono diet compared with a high-carb diet than nondiabetic subjects. The extents of the improvements were likely related to plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in patients with T2DM.

High-Fat, High-Carb Diets Produce Similar Lipid Changes in Cyclists

High-Fat, High-Carb Diets Produce Similar Lipid Changes in Cyclists

The Power of Protein.

But in the transition from a high-protein to high-carb diet, many athletes have eliminated meat— and have also overlooked the importance of protein. Some have taken the public health recommendations to eat less saturated fat to the extreme and are surviving on fat-free bagels and pasta. This type of diet may seem ideal, but in addition to being low in protein, it lacks important nutrients such as iron (needed to carry oxygen to working muscles) and zinc (needed for healing).

High-Carb Diets Questioned

High-Carb Diets Questioned

Effect of a high carbohydrate diet on the content of apolipoproteins C-II, C-III and E in human plasma high density lipoprotein subfractions

The effect of isocaloric high and low carbohydrate (Carb) diets on the structure and apoprotein composition of plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) was assessed in four healthy men. The high Carb diet contained 65% calories as Carb and 15% as fat; the low Carb was 15% and 65%, respectively, with protein fixed at 20% of calories in each case. Cholesterol was 400 mg/day and the P/S ratio of the fat was 0.4. Each diet was sequentially consumed for periods of 3 weeks. At the end of each 3-week study period, plasma HDL 2 and HDL3 were isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation and their apoprotein and lipid compositions were determined. Compared to the low Carb diet, the high Carb diet was associated with an increase in the size of HDL 2 (116.0 ± 1.8 vs. 109.1 ± 1.8 Å) and in the content (mean weight % ± SEM) of apoE (2.81 ± 0.71 vs. 1.79 ± 0.49, P < 0.01) and of apoC-II (1.73 ± 0.09 vs. 1.11 ± 0.12, P < 0.01). HDL 2 apoC-III content was not significantly different on the two diets (6.49 ± 0.50 vs. 7.42 ± 1.21). On the two diets, HDL 3 size and HDL 3 apoE content were not significantly changed. HDL 3 apoC-II and apoC-III, however, were higher on the high Carb diet, P < 0.05. The ratio (by weight) of HDL 2 apoE/HDL 2 apoC-II + C-III increased on the high Carb diet compared to the low Carb diet (0.344 ± 0.058 vs. 0.228 ± 0.053, P < 0.01). We suggest that the increased amount of apolipoprotein E in HDL 2 may influence its rate of catabolic clearance and may account for the well-known decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol in subjects on high Card diets.