High-calorie Foods Research Articles

Healthy Eating: Challenges of Preset Era

Over the past 75 years, India has undergone a sweeping transformation, marked by the forces of globalization and urbanization that have significantly influenced dietary patterns. This shift has given rise to the widespread adoption of sophisticated and high-calorie fast foods, colloquially known as junk foods, altering the traditional dietary landscape in the country. While these fast-food choices have gained substantial acceptance among the Indian populace, their consumption has been accompanied by detrimental health effects, contributing to the rise of issues such as obesity, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. This article delves into the repercussions of the shift from wholesome, traditional diets to the prevalent inclination towards junk food consumption and its impact on overall health. Robust scientific evidence substantiates the claim that fast food has become an integral part of people's diets, gradually displacing healthier traditional alternatives. To counter the escalating prevalence of diet and lifestyle-related ailments, a continual emphasis on educating children and teenagers about the hazards associated with junk food consumption is imperative. The health risks inherent in fast food consumption cannot be ignored, necessitating comprehensive education initiatives. Addressing this global challenge demands a focused approach to nutrition and wellness education, with the potential to significantly alter habits, reduce the consumption of junk food, and promote healthier dietary choices for a more fulfilling and healthier life. Keywords: Fast food, Diet, Globalization, Diseases, Nutrition, Health

Imaging the brain to assess brain insulin action

AbstractBackgroundEver since the brain was identified as an insulin‐sensitive organ, it was quickly appreciated that insulin action in the brain affects cognitive and metabolic processes [1]. Epidemiological evidence suggests a strong link between reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity and age‐related neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [2].MethodCharacterization of brain insulin resistance in humans is challenging and relies on different neuroimaging methods in combination with insulin stimulation techniques. In my talk, I will focus on the administration of intranasal insulin, which has been established over the last decades to disentangle peripheral from brain insulin effects [1]. In combination with functional neuroimaging, I will show recent data on the quantification of brain insulin sensitivity non‐invasively in humans of different age and weight groups [3].ResultWe could show that intranasal insulin can affect region‐specific activity and functional connectivity of the human brain. These diverse central insulin responses largely depend on its action in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and parts of the insula and prefrontal cortex and influences a variety of metabolic and cognitive processes [3]. Specifically, I will show that disrupted brain insulin action can result in increased accumulation of visceral fat and altered reward learning in persons at high risk to develop T2D [4], but also in healthy individuals after overconsumption of high caloric foods (unpublished). Moreover, I will show that the effect of intranasal insulin in the hippocampus decreases with age in women but not men and that brain insulin responsivity is affected by the menstrual cycle (unpublished). Moreover, just recently, we could link enhanced brain insulin action in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry with improved cognitive and metabolic functions [5].ConclusionAs brain insulin acts on striatal dopamine function and hippocampal plasticity, enhancing brain insulin action could lead to new treatment options in diabetes and aging‐associated diseases.

Practice of junk food consumption among college students: an observational study in Northern Karnataka

Background: Globalisation and urbanisation have significantly changed peoples eating patterns and forced many individuals to eat foods which have high calorie and low nutritional value foods called junk foods. Excessive consumption of fast food is often associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases, presenting a public health challenge. India’s fast-food industry is expanding at the rate of 40% every year. India ranks 10th in the Fast-food per capita spending figures with 2.1% of expenditure in annual total spending. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of junk food among college students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among college students in Vijayapura city, during June to July 2022. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, convenience sampling of 683 students were the participants of the study. Results: Out of 683 participants, 25.9% doesn’t care about the harmful effects of consuming junk. Around 61.8% of respondents are influenced by the taste and flavour of the junk. And 64.9 % of the respondents were aware enough to check mostly, whereas 29.3 percent were never had the habit of checking the nutrient fact label. Conclusions: As majority of the students consume junk, the adequate knowledge about the junk among them were relatively low, along with public health awareness, nutritional counselling can also be given to the students. And they are influenced mostly by the taste and easy availability.

Simultaneous analysis of natural and artificial sweeteners in sugar-free drinks and urine samples by column-switching UHPLC-charged aerosol detection method

Sweeteners are considered an alternative to high-calorie foods or drinks and have been widely used globally. However, the simultaneous separation and detection of high-polarity natural and artificial sweeteners are challenging owing to their broad-spectrum physical and chemical properties. Herein, we developed a column-switching UHPLCCAD method and used it for detecting and quantitating 12 sweeteners, including natural sweeteners (erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol and stevioside) and artificial sweeteners (acesulfame potassium, saccharin sodium salt, sodium cyclamate, sucralose, aspartame, alitame and neotame). The LOD and LOQ were 0.932–6.25 μg/mL and 3.10–20.83 μg/mL, respectively, and the method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² ≥ 0.9990), good precision (intraday and interday precision was 0.59–6.88 %), and high recovery (average recoveries were 85.16–108.64 %). This method was applied to determine the sweeteners in 15 sugar-free drinks purchased from the local Chinese supermarkets. What's more, natural sweetener erythritol and artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium were suspected over addition in sugar-free drinks. Meanwhile the method was applied to the sweeteners in various sugar-free drinks and the dynamic monitoring of transit and excretion in vivo after drinking. Those prove that the method can be used to the detection of sugar free drinks and quality control of the sweeteners. The study highlights the potential of UHPLC–charged aerosol detection technology in detection of multiple components in food industry.

Effects of Economic Recession on Women’s Preference or Avoidance of High-Calorie Foods

Effects of Economic Recession on Women’s Preference or Avoidance of High-Calorie Foods

The Japanese Paradox: Between Physical And Psychological Well-Being In Japanese Approaches To The Obesity Epidemic

Using an anthropological approach that emphasizes understanding the total social and political context of eating behavior, I draw on ethnographic research in Japan in order to understand factors that enable or mitigate obesity. Japan is an important comparative example in obesity research because of its low obesity rates despite being a wealthy nation with affordable access to high-caloric foods. This is found to be an outcome of social and institutional processes that limit food intake and stigmatize weight, producing desirable outcomes in physical health but through pressures that have negative implications for psychological/emotional health. Consequently, while Japan provides an intriguing cross-cultural model for weight control, the possibility or desirability of replicating this elsewhere may be limited.

The effect of cognitive reappraisal on food craving and consumption: Does working memory capacity influence reappraisal ability? An event-related potential study

Regulating cravings for unhealthy foods in favour of healthier options is essential for weight management. Cognitive reappraisal, which involves changing the meaning of a stimulus to modify its emotional impact, has shown promise for regulating food craving and consumption. Eighty participants were presented with high-calorie (HC) and low-calorie (LC) food pictures preceded by cues signalling instructions to naturally view the food (i.e., passive viewing; LOOK) or to imagine the future consequences of consuming that food (i.e., cognitive reappraisal; REGULATE). Participants' subjective craving and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured, and food consumption after the task was assessed. Participants’ working memory capacity (WMC) was measured with the automated Operation Span task. During cognitive reappraisal, cravings for HC foods decreased, whereas cravings for LC foods increased, compared to passive viewing. Cravings for LC and HC foods were correlated with consumptions of LC and HC foods, respectively. Occipital N1 (100–200ms) amplitudes were more negative for LC than for HC pictures, but were not modulated by strategy (LOOK or REGULATE), whereas early posterior negativity (EPN; 200–300ms) was not sensitive to food type (HC or LC) or strategy. Late positive potential (LPP; 400–1000ms) ERPs were largest in the HC-REGULATE condition, possibly due to cognitive processes induced by focusing on the consequences of unhealthy foods. Late LPP (1000–3000ms) was not affected by food type or strategy. LPP amplitudes were not correlated with cravings. WMC was weakly correlated with cravings for LC following reappraisal, suggesting that WMC may influence reappraisal ability. In sum, focusing on future consequences of eating may promote healthier food choices through craving regulation. Further research is needed to examine how regulatory effects evolve over time and how they relate to WMC and brain activity.

Measuring implicit associations between food and body stimuli in anorexia nervosa: a Go/No-Go Association Task

PurposeThe present study aimed to explore the implicit associations between food and bodily stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and control subjects (HC).MethodsA Go/No-Go Association Task was administrated to 55 participants (28 AN and 27 HC), using food stimuli (low-calorie food vs. high-calorie food) and body stimuli (underweight vs. overweight bodies).ResultsWe evidenced an implicit association between food and body stimuli in the AN group, whereas the HC group only showed a tendency. AN and HC groups also exhibited different categorization strategies: the AN group tended to categorize stimuli as low-calorie foods and underweight bodies less than the HC group, and they tended to categorize stimuli as high-calorie foods and overweight bodies more than the HC group.ConclusionThe present study revealed for the first time specificities of the AN population’s implicit association between food and body stimuli in terms of association strength and categorization strategy. Furthermore, the results suggest that combining implicit methodologies with other methods could contribute to a better characterization of the physiopathology of AN.Level of evidenceLevel I, experimental study.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEJADIAN ANEMIA DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA REMAJA PUTRI : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objective: Malnutrition and health problems can damage the quality of human resources. Adolescent girls have a higher risk of developing anemia compared to adolescent boys because adolescent girls experience incorrect menstrual cycles and eating habits. Nutritional imbalance, especially in the form of macro and micronutrient deficiencies, such as eating high-calorie but nutritious foods (high in fat, carbohydrates, and sugar), can cause fat accumulation and disrupt metabolism. Absorption of iron nutrients, causing anemia. This research aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between the incidence of anemia and nutritional status in adolescent girls. Methods: Articles were collected by searching databases via Ebsco Host, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Only articles with a cross-sectional research design and those with full text will be included in this review. There were 12,213 results for articles with the keywords "The Relationship of Anemia" AND "Adolescents Nutrition Status" OR "Female Teenagers Nutrition." After filtering again by looking for articles from 2013 to 2020, there were 1,602 articles, and only five articles were very relevant and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Three articles show a relationship between the incidence of anemia and nutritional status in young women, and two other articles show no significant relationship between the incidence of anemia and nutritional status because the majority of young women studied in this area have normal nutritional status. Conclusion: Most research results conclude that there is a known relationship between nutritional intake and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls

Hubungan Pola Makan Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Overweight Pada Remaja

Excess weight in adolescents is caused by energy intake that exceeds needs or insufficient energy consumption and is related to a history of eating habits and the frequency of intake of high-calorie foods. The diet that triggers overweight is consuming large portions of food, eating foods high in energy, high in fat, high in simple carbohydrates and low in fiber. Physical activity is a risk factor for obesity, where teenagers with light activity are more at risk of becoming obese. In 2018 basic health research, the incidence of overweight was 7.8%. Jambi City Health Service with the number of overweight cases in Jambi City, namely 174 cases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMAN 8 Jambi City. The design of this research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out at SMAN 8 Jambi City in February-June 2023. The population in this research was 359 students of SMAN 8 Jambi City. The sample consisted of 79 respondents. The sampling technique is proportional sampling. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square statistical test. The research results showed a relationship between eating patterns and the incidence of overweight in adolescents (0.000), and the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of overweight in adolescents (0.020). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMAN 8 Jambi City.

Food go/no-go training alters neural circuits for food evaluation for appetite reduction

Food go/no-go training has been traditionally categorized as a type of inhibitory training that decreases the desire for high-calorie food consumption. This training requires participants to either respond or withhold their responses to presented items with go cues or food items with no-go cues, respectively. Recent findings have suggested that this training may devalue food items associated with no-go cues instead of facilitating inhibitory control, leading to reduced food consumption. We thus hypothesized that food go/no-go training would alter the brain response to food items with no-go cues in food evaluation regions. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a repeated measures functional magnetic resonance imaging using food images in healthy participants, who underwent 3 weeks of food go/no-go training (n = 26) using high- and low-calorie food items paired with no-go cues (no-go food) and go cues (go food), respectively, and control training (n = 24). The food go/no-go training reduced the ratings for the desire to eat no-go foods and increased the ratings for go foods. The reduction in no-go food rating was positively associated with a decrease in daily snack intake. The neural responses in the food evaluation regions increased for go foods. Moreover, the functional connectivity of those regions was altered. The food go/no-go training did not decrease impulsivity traits or increase restrained eating, which are associated with inhibitory control. Overall, food go/no-go training influenced the brain regions associated with food evaluation, thus devaluating no-go foods and reducing the daily snack intake. Accordingly, food go/no-go training could promote healthier food choices.

Reduction of compulsive overeating in rats caused by maternal deprivation in early ontogenesis with the use of a new ghrelin receptor antagonist agrelax

BACKGROUND: Factors that may trigger episodes of binge eating include mental and physical stress, dietary restrictions of high-calorie foods. In a rodent model it has been shown that intermittent consumption of high-calorie foods causes binge eating regardless of body weight gain.
 AIM: To investigate the effect of a novel ghrelin receptor antagonist Agrelax on binge eating in in adult rats after maternal deprivation in early ontogeny.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were weaned for 180 min from day 2 to day 12 after birth; males 90100 days of age were used in the experiments. In the development of binge eating, animals received a high-carbohydrate diet (Nutella paste based chocolate mixture) for 1 h every day or every third day for 1.5 months. Fifteen minutes before feeding, the chocolate paste was placed within 5 cm of reach with visual contact. Agrelax, a novel ghrelin receptor antagonist, was administered intranasally 1g/1l, 20l for 7 days.
 RESULTS: Maternal deprivation induced bindge eating of high-calorie foods in adult rats. When chocolate was given 3 times a week, its consumption increased (p 0.001) in the maternal deprivation group relative to the control group. After a course of administration of agrelax, chocolate consumption did not differ significantly from that in the control group. The daily consumption of standard food did not differ relative to the control group both before and after the course of agrelax administration. When chocolate was given daily, the maternal deprivation rats did not develop food addiction. At the same time agrelax did not induce a change in chocolate consumption relative to the control group.
 CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest new ways to synthesize pharmacological agents of peptide nature based on ghrelin and its antagonists for correction of food addiction caused by psychogenic stresses in ontogenesis.

Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period and the Relationship with Maternal Weight up to One Year after Pregnancy Complicated by Gestational Diabetes.

This multicentric cohort study aimed to describe changes in dietary patterns during pregnancy and postpartum and the association with BMI variation at six and twelve months postpartum in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Between 2014 and 2018, we enrolled women with GDM in prenatal clinics of the Brazilian National Health System and followed them for one year postpartum. The dietary patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum period were obtained by factorial analysis. The relationship between these patterns and variation in postpartum BMI was evaluated by Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for confounders. We identified three dietary patterns in 584 women, two healthy (generally healthy and Dash type), which were associated with less weight gain (RR 0.77 CI 95% 0.62-0.96 and RR 0.71 CI 95% 0.57-0.88, respectively). The high-risk pattern (based on ultra-processed, high-calorie foods and sweetened drinks) was associated with weight gain (RR 1.31 CI 95% 1.07-1.61 and RR 1.26 CI 95% 1.01-1.59) in six and twelve months postpartum, respectively. Although the participants learned about healthy dieting during pregnancy, dietary habits worsened from pregnancy to postpartum, especially, with lower consumption of fruits and dairy and higher consumption of sweetened beverages, with consequent weight gain postpartum. Postpartum support is needed to prevent weight gain and obesity.

Effect of body-related information on food attentional bias in women with body weight dissatisfaction

Women with body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) have long-term negative assessments of their body weight, which are often associated with poor eating behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of body-related information on the food cue processing and attention of women with BWD. Sixty-eight women were recruited and assigned to either a BWD (NPSS-F > 2) (n = 32) or a no body weight dissatisfaction (NBWD) group (NPSS-F < 1) (n = 36). We measured attentional bias to food cues (high- and low-calorie) with a food probe task after exposure to body-related information and recorded eye tracking data. Body-related images were presented prior to a pair of stimulus images (food–neutral or neutral–neutral). Body-related information and food type were repeated measure factors in our study. Our results showed that the first fixation duration bias for high-calorie foods was significantly longer than for low-calorie foods after exposure to overweight cues in the BWD group. Compared with the NBWD group, the BWD group showed longer first fixation duration bias for high-calorie foods after exposure to overweight cues. The direction for high-calorie foods was significantly more often than that for low-calorie foods in the BWD group after exposure to body-related information. Our findings suggest that compared to women with NBWD, women with BWD may be more susceptible to body-related information, resulting in increased attention to high-calorie foods.

Food cue reward salience does not explain Hyperphagia in adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome

ABSTRACT Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hyperphagia, an extreme and persistent hunger that emerges in early childhood. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to objectively investigate brain responses to low- and high-calorie foods, animals, and household objects in 20 satiated adolescents with PWS. Late Positive Potential (LPP) responses to food images did not differ from non-food images. Rather, we observed larger ERPs to high-calorie foods relative to animal images (p=.001) in an earlier time window. These responses correlated with greater severity of hyperphagia (p = .01). Thus, hyperphagia associated with PWS may be due to altered satiety regulation rather than increased motivational salience.

Food-induced brain activity in adult obesity: a quantitative electroencephalographic study

BACKGROUND Obesity may be associated with declined food consumption control through neurological and behavioral processes, as well as heightened responsiveness of the brain’s reward systems. Performing neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) can examine the connection between brain function and behavior. This study aimed to identify brain regulation of feeding behavior to food cues, which could be a potential neuromodulatory intervention target in adult obesity.&#x0D; METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, involving 40 adults with obesity. EEG analysis was performed to measure electrophysiological brain activity during eyes-open condition and during exposure to high-calorie food cues. Student’s t-tests were performed to identify any significant differences between the groups (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; RESULTS Beta waves in the frontal (channel F7) and gamma waves in the central (channels C3 and C4) and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions were significantly increased during food cues compared to resting state/eyes-open condition without stimulation. Theta waves in the frontal (channels F7 and F8), central (channel C3), and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions and alpha waves in the central (channels C3 and C4) and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions were significantly decreased during food cues compared with resting state.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity, increased beta activity in the frontal and gamma in the central and parietal regions suggested increased food-cue awareness and heightened attentional focus toward food stimuli. Additionally, decreased alpha and theta activities in frontal regions could underline deficits in executive functions and higher motivation.

Metabolic Syndrome: The Constellation of Co-morbidities, a Global Threat.

Metabolic syndrome, also referred to as Syndrome X or obesity syndrome is a cluster of diseases prevalent worldwide in both developed and developing countries. According to WHO, it is referred to as a pathological condition wherein multiple disorders are manifested in the same individual. These include hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome is one of the most serious non-communicable health hazards that have gained pivotal importance in the present scenario. The increasing prevalence affecting around 25 % of the world populace, mainly attributes to the acceptance of western culture, i.e. the intake of high-calorie food along with a substantial decrease in manual labor and adoption of sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, its timely prevention and management are the dire need in the present scenario. For successful accomplishment of the present review, an exhaustive analysis was performed utilizing a pool of previous related literature. The terms used during the search included 'metabolic syndrome, prevalence, etiology, current pharmacotherapy for metabolic syndrome, etc. PUBMED, Medline and SCOPUS were explored for the study of abstracts, research and review papers in the quest for related data. The articles were downloaded and utilized for a meta-analysis study approach. In this review, an attempt was made to apprehend and summarize the epidemiology and treatment strategies for metabolic syndrome with a better understanding of its pathogenesis. It was postulated that an early diagnostic approach and subsequent line of treatment is required to prevent the deterioration of an individual's health and life.

Daily fat intake is associated with basolateral amygdala response to high-calorie food cues and appetite for high-calorie food

ABSTRACT Objectives Animal studies have indicated that fat intake mediates amygdala activation, which in turn promotes fat intake, while amygdala activation increases the preference for fat and leads to increased fat intake. However, the association among fat intake, amygdala activation, and appetite for high-calorie foods in humans remains unclear. Thus, to examine this association, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Methods Fifty healthy-weight adults (18 females; mean age: 22.9 ± 3.02 years) were included. Participants were shown images of high-calorie and low-calorie foods and were instructed to rate their desire to eat the food items during fMRI. All participants provided information on their daily fat intake using a self-reported questionnaire. Associations among fat intake, the desire to eat high-calorie or low-calorie food items, and amygdala responses to food items were examined. Results The basolateral amygdala (BLA) response was positively associated with fat intake ([x, y, z] = [24, −6, −16], z = 3.91, pFWE-corrected = 0.007) and the desire to eat high-calorie food items ([26, −4, −16], z = 3.75, pFWE-corrected = 0.010). Structural equation modeling showed that the desire for high-calorie food items was predicted by BLA response to high-calorie food items (p = 0.013, β = 3.176), and BLA response was predicted by fat intake (p < 0.001, β = 0.026). Discussion Fat intake influences BLA response to high-fat food, which in turn increases the desire to eat palatable high-fat food. This may lead to additional fat intake and increase the risk of weight gain.

A dietary pattern of frequent plant-based foods intake reduced the associated risks for atopic dermatitis exacerbation: Insights from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology cohort

BackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing in recent years, especially in Asia. There is growing evidence to suggest the importance of dietary patterns in the development and management of AD. Here, we seek to understand how certain dietary patterns in a Singapore/Malaysia population are associated with various risks of AD development and exacerbation.MethodsA standardized questionnaire following the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) guidelines was investigator-administered to a clinically and epidemiology well-defined allergic cohort of 13,561 young Chinese adults aged 19–22. Information on their sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary habits, and personal and family medical atopic histories were obtained. Allergic sensitization was assessed by a skin prick test to mite allergens. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to assess the correlation between the intake frequencies of 16 food types. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Four corresponding dietary scores were derived to examine the association of identified dietary patterns with allergic sensitization and AD exacerbations through a multivariable logistic regression that controlled for age, gender, parental eczema, BMI, and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe correlation is the strongest between the intake of butter and margarine (R = 0.65). We identified four dietary patterns, “high-calorie foods”, “plant-based foods”, “meat and rice”, and “probiotics, milk and eggs”, and these accounted for 47.4% of the variance in the dietary habits among the subjects. Among these patterns, moderate-to-high intake of “plant-based foods” conferred a negative association for chronic (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.706; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.589–0.847; p < 0.001) and moderate-to-severe AD (AOR: 0.756; 95% CI: 0.638–0.897; p < 0.01). “Meat and rice” and “probiotics, milk and eggs” were not significantly associated with AD exacerbation. While frequent adherence to “high-calorie foods” increased the associated risks for ever AD and moderate-to-severe AD, having a higher adherence to “plant-based foods” diminished the overall associated risks.ConclusionsFrequent adherence to “plant-based foods” was associated with reduced risks for AD exacerbation in young Chinese adults from Singapore/Malaysia. This provides the initial evidence to support the association between dietary factors and AD. Further research is needed to better understand the pathomechanisms underlying diet and AD exacerbations.

Evaluating the effect of natural, industrial juices and beverage on orthodontic bonding composite (in-vitro study)

Background: Dental erosion is a common oral condition which results due to consumption of high caloric and low pH acidic food such as carbonated drinks and fruit juices. It is expected that these food types can cause irreversible damage to dental hard tissues and early deterioration of the dental restorations. So, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the erosive potential effects of orange fruit juice and Miranda orange drink on the microhardness of an orthodontic composite material. Materials and methods: Thirty discs with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 10 mm were prepared from orthodontic bonding composite. The prepared discs were equally divided into three groups (n=10). Microhardness analysis was carried out both prior to and subsequent to immersion cycles. The microhardness of the specimens underwent evaluation subsequent to immersion in the beverages for durations of 6 hours (equivalent to one day) and 42 hours (equivalent to seven days). Microhardness measurements at baseline, one day, and one week were performed utilizing the Vickers microhardness testing. Statistical analyses were carried out using repeated measure one way ANOVA test and Bonferroni post-hoc test with a level of significant p&lt; 0.05. Results: The micro hardness of composite exposed to the selected soft drinks was significantly decreased (p&lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Natural, industrial orange juices and Miranda can affect the micro hardness of composite. The beverage effect on the orthodontic composite based on the type of juice and the exposure time to these beverages.