Hierarchical Nanowire Arrays Research Articles

Hierarchical core-shell electrode with rGO wrapped NiWO4 nanowire arrays on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

This paper presents a novel class of hierarchical core-shell nanowire arrays (NWAs) that may greatly enhance the electrochemical storage of energy capabilities of supercapacitors. These NWAs consist of rGO sheets surrounding a NiWO4 nanowire core. The average surface area of NiWO4 nanoparticles was 105.7 m2/g, and their sizes ranged from 20 to 100 nm. The NWO/rGO composite has an impressive specific capacitance of up to 1156 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The synergistic impact of NiWO4 and rGO, which offer conducting channels and active sites, is responsible for the NWO/rGO electrode's significantly improved capacitive performance. This hybrid electrode has a lot of promise for use in energy storage devices since the cyclic stability tests showed that its starting values did not decline after 5000 cycles. In a three-electrode system, the NiWO4/rGO electrode provides more energy density compared to the NiWO4 electrode because to a boost in specific capacitance and a wider potential window (1 V for nanocomposite NiWO4/rGO vs. 0.6 V for NiWO4). Electrodes made of a nanocomposite of NiWO4 and rGO are used to construct a symmetric capacitor. Both the asymmetric and symmetric capacitors function similarly when driven within a 1.5 V potential region. On top of that, the device achieved a power density of 932 W kg−1 and an energy density of 42 Wh kg−1.

3D sodiophilic mixed-ion-electron-conducting framework of hierarchical nanowire arrays for ultra-stable sodium-metal batteries

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted increasing attentions as next-generation energy storage systems, regarding its high energy density and raw materials abundance. However, its practical application is impeded by the inferior reversibility of Na anode, stemmed from the non-uniform Na plating/stripping process and formation of “dead Na”. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) mixed-ion-electron-conducting scaffold (MIECS) is in-situ established by self-assembled hierarchical Cu2S nanowire arrays, which renders enhanced sodiophilicity, high surface area, and robust architecture to the current collector, thereby promoting interfacial kinetics, homogenizing Na deposition, and ensuring “top-down” dissolution. As a result, Cu2S NWs@Cu MIECS enabled Na metal anode with exceptional Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.94 % over 1600 cycles at 4 mA cm−2, as well as steady plating/stripping profile for at least 2000 h at depth of discharge of 75 %. Impressively, full-cell SMB achieves ultra-stable cycling of 2000 cycles, exhibiting capacity retention as high as 96.3 % at high cathode loading of 14.7 mg cm−2, or that of 87.8 % at 5 C, with limited Na excess (N/P = 3). The 3D sodiophilic Cu2S NWs@Cu MIECS provides a promising route to highly reversible Na metal anode for developing high-energy-density SMBs.

Impact of Post-Synthesis heat treatment avoidance on cobalt carbonate hydroxide as a Battery-Type electrode material

In this study, the electrochemical energy storage properties of one-dimensional (1D) hierarchical nanowire array (NWA) of cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Co6(CO3)2(OH)8·H2O) (CCH) is explored. The 1D nanostructure is advantageous due to their better charge/ion transport properties. The material was synthesized via. simple, and facile hydrothermal approach. The highlighting feature of this work lies in its post-synthesis process, where the authors deliberately avoided the post-synthesis heat treatment process to utilize the hydrated (x‧H2O) part associated with the lattice water which eventually led CCH in a unique robust crystal structure. Here, the authors have explored multifaceted aspects of 1D CCH NWAs, including the nanowire synthesis, their growth mechanism, and pseudocapacitive charge storage properties. The authors propose a novel charge storage mechanism, insertion pseudocapacitance, which depends on the (de)intercalation of cations (e.g., Li+, Na+, K+, and H+), where tunnels play a significant role in charge storage properties. In this type of charge-storage mechanism, cationic diffusion occur from the interior of the crystalline framework along with the surface-confined phenomena. The electrochemical energy storage performance in terms of specific capacity (Csp) is found to be 243.55 mAhg−1 @ 5 mVs−1 scan rate and 161.465 mAhg−1 at 2500 mAg−1 current density. The material exhibited excellent capacity retention of ∼ 95 % and ∼ 86 % at significantly higher current densities of 20,000 mAg−1 and 100,000 mAg−1, respectively. This work tries to establish the structure-electrochemical property correlation of the CCH which has an exceptional crystal structure that is deduced ∼ 20 years after its first report. Therefore, the authors emphasize exploring the fundamental understanding of the CCH from the crystallographic point of view and its relevance to electrochemical energy storage. This work will help in exploring the next-generation metal carbonate hydroxide hydrate-based (MCH) materials.

Rose-like ZnNiCo layered double hydroxide grown on Co3O4 nanowire arrays for high energy density flexible supercapacitors

Ternary double layer hydroxides are considered as potential electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors due to their unique layered structure and synergistic effect among their active components. However, the poor stability of these materials during the redox reaction seriously hinders their practical application. Therefore, it is of practical significance to design highly efficient and facile strategy to solve these issues. Herein, rose-like CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH hierarchical structure nanowire arrays are successfully synthesized on carbon cloth by a two-step hydrothermal method combined with a calcination process. Due to the unique structural design and the synergistic effect between Zn, Ni and Co elements, the prepared CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical properties (2084 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and ideal capacitance retention (86.5 % after 10,000 cycles). In addition, the ASC device assembled with CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH nanocomposites as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode can provide an energy density of 41 Wh kg−1 and a corresponding power density of 958 W kg−1 in a voltage window of 0–1.7 V. A multifunctional display can be lit up for more than 25 min by connecting two ASC devices in series. Therefore, the prepared rose-like CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH electrode with hierarchical structure should have a satisfactory practical application prospect.

Hierarchical Metal Sulfides Heterostructure as Superior Bifunctional Electrode for Overall Water Splitting.

The development of highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of significant importance, but huge challenges remain. The key element depends on engineering the electronic structure and surface properties of material to achieve improved catalytic activity. Herein, a hierarchical nanowire array of metal sulfides heterostructure on nickel foam (FeCoNiSx /NF) was designed as a novel type of hybrid electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. The hybrid structure endowed plenty of catalytic active sites, strong electronic interactions, and high interfacial charge transferability, leading to superior bifunctional performance. As a result, the FeCoNiSx /NF catalyst delivered low overpotentials of 97 and 260 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm-2 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. Moreover, the FeCoNiSx /NF-based water electrolyzer exhibited a small potential of 1.57 V for a high current density of 50 mA cm-2 . These results indicate the promising application potential of FeCoNiSx /NF electrode for hydrogen generation. This work provides a new approach to develop robust hybrid materials as the highly active electrode for electrocatalytic water splitting.

Hierarchical Coralline-like (NiCo)S2@MoS2 Nanowire Arrays to Accelerate H2 Release for an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significantly influenced by the evolved H2 bubble diffusion rate on the surface of the electrode, which involves the blocking and release of the active site at the catalytic interface. Rational design of nanostructured catalysts could not only sharply enhance the specific surface area but also provide large amounts of channels for gas release. Herein, NiCo-nanowire-derived multimetal chalcogenides grown in situ on carbon cloth [denoted as (NiCo)S2@MoS2/CC] are presented by serial hydrothermal methods. The obtained hierarchical nanowire array architecture affords abundant surface-active sites and is conducive to permeate electrolytes. The surface adsorption/desorption behavior of the heterostructure catalyst was optimized through regulating MoS2 concentration. Owing to the synergistic effect of metal Ni and Co and the interaction of the (NiCo)S2@MoS2 heterostructure, (NiCo)S2@MoS2/CC-2 delivers a relatively low overpotential of 74 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and displays a small Tafel slope of 54 mV dec-1 for HER catalysis, surpassing that of the recently reported MoS2-based electrocatalysts. Such a strategy through nanostructure optimization and electron interaction of the heterostructure could improve the electrocatalytic HER performance for multimetal chalcogenides in an alkaline medium.

Cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowire array modified by sulfur doping for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

Cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate (CCHH) is usually used as precursor for cobalt oxides yet its intrinsic potential for supercapacitors is usually ignored owing to its poor conductivity and low practical capacitance. In this work, low-content sulfur doping in CCHH hierarchical nanowire array grown on nickel foam (CCHH/NF) greatly improves its conductivity while preserving its unique micromorphology. Accordingly, the obtained Co3S4-CCHH/NF electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 2.10 F cm−2 at 12.5 mA cm−2 (∼6 times the CCHH/NF). Furthermore, due to the synergistic effect of the CCHH and S elements, a unique micromorphology reconstruction transforms the nanowire array to a porous nanosheet net structure. The newly formed structure provides more electroactive sites, thus further increasing the specific capacitance from 2.10 to 3.95 F cm−2 at 12.5 mA cm−2. Although the huge volume expansion accompanied with the micromorphology reconstruction also weakens the contact between the active material and NF which results in capacitance decay, the preponderance of the enhanced electroactive sites gives rise to an excellent cycling stability of the Co3S4-CCHH/NF by maintaining 165.9% of the initial capacitance after 11,000 cycles. When coupled with a conductive carbon cloth (CC) anode, the Co3S4-CCHH/NF//CC aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor also holds outstanding cycling performance (142.6% of the initial capacitance after 20,000 cycles). This work provides a facile and promising method to obtain high-performance Co-based electrodes for aqueous supercapacitors.

Design and synthesis of 3D hierarchical NiMoS4 nanowire arrays in situ grown on graphene foam: electrochemical determination of epinephrine

Design and synthesis of 3D hierarchical NiMoS4 nanowire arrays in situ grown on graphene foam: electrochemical determination of epinephrine

Preparation and Properties of Nano ZnO Dye Sensitized Solar Cells on (Titanium) Substrates

Nowadays, the development of science and technology has been increasing demand for energy. Energy problem has become a bottleneck to restrict the development of international social economy. People pay more and more attention to the development and research of renewable resources. Solar energy is a kind of renewable resource with great potential and no pollution. The commercialized solar cells are mainly silicon solar cells, among which the conversion efficiency of single silicon solar cells is the highest, but the cost of silicon solar cells is high. Therefore, people have been exploring new materials, among which titanium based nano ZnO dye sensitized solar cells have been paid more and more attention by scientists at home and abroad. Based on this, the preparation and performance of nano ZnO dye sensitized solar cells based on titanium are studied. In this paper, the optical anode materials of DSSC are used as the research objects. Three-dimensional ZnO nanoband, one-dimensional graded ZnO nanotube array and one-dimensional sub grade ZnO nanowire array are prepared by anodizing and hydrothermal synthesis. The photovoltaic properties of the three materials are studied. One dimensional graded ZnO, nanotube array films were prepared by two-step hydrothermal synthesis. One dimensional hierarchical ZnO nanowire array is obtained by two-step hydrothermal synthesis. The results show that DSSC is assembled by one-dimensional graded ZnO nanotube array film, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5.1%. Compared with one-dimensional ZnO nanowire array, the efficiency is improved by nearly 90%. The ZnO nanowire of the sub grade is used instead of DSSC The efficiency of photoelectric conversion is only 4% in the photoanode, which is higher than that of the smooth ZnO nanowire photocell.

Hierarchical MnCo2O4@CuCo2O4 core-shell nanoarrays on carbon cloth as binder-free electrode for flexible all-solid-state asymmetry supercapacitors

Hierarchical core-shell nanowire arrays with a shell of CuCo2O4 nanosheets and a core of MnCo2O4 nanowires directly coated on the conductive carbon cloth (CC) are rationally designed and synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route with a post low-temperature thermal treatment in air. The binder-free MnCo2O4@CuCo2O4/CC composite material exhibits an enhanced performance (1241.0 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) compared with the MnCo2O4/CC (832.7 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) and CuCo2O4/CC (734.1 C g−1 at 1 A g−1). In addition, the MnCo2O4@CuCo2O4/CC electrode is assembled into a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), which delivers a maximum specific energy of 62.0 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 747.2 W kg−1 with 91.2% capacity retention after 10000 charge–discharge cycles at 8 A g−1. And the ASC device also exhibits 91.7% capacity retention at floating time over 200 h at 8 A g−1. Further, the MnCo2O4@CuCo2O4//AC device shows superior flexible performance while bending at various angles. These results make this MnCo2O4@CuCo2O4 core/shell composite to be a good candidate for flexible all-solid-state electrochemical capacitors applications.

Enhancement of pollutant degradation and solar-driven water evaporation by architecting hierarchical 1D/2D TiO2 @ MoS2 core–shell networks

Solar absorbers with a wider absorption range are attracting extensive interest in the fields of photocatalysis and solar-driven water evaporation. Here we designed hierarchical TiO2 nanowire arrays (TiO2 NWAs) in situ grown on Ti mesh, and utilizing the microstructure engineering strategy, ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets were further decorated on the surface of TiO2 NWAs (TiO2 NWAs @ MoS2). The multistage 1D TiO2 NWAs @ 2D MoS2 core–shell networks enhanced the light trapping in the full solar spectrum in comparison to bare MoS2 nanosheet arrays (MoS2 NSAs), which benefitted photocatalysis and solar-driven water evaporation. The number of photogenerated charge carriers on the surface of TiO2 NWAs @ MoS2 increased, which dramatically enhanced the photocatalytic rate constant by over an order of magnitude relative to MoS2 NSAs. As for solar-driven water evaporation, TiO2 NWAs @ MoS2 achieved a light absorption of 96.5% and a water evaporation rate of 1.42 kg m–2h−1 under one sun. In addition, the self-supporting solar absorber with favorable stability overcame the intractable recovering of photocatalysts from treated water. This study provided a pathway for designing efficient semiconductor-based solar absorbers used in solar energy conversion.

Ultrafine Co3O4 nanolayer-shelled CoWP nanowire array: a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.

The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts based on highly efficient non-noble metals is pivotal for overall water splitting. Here, a composite electrode of Co3O4@CoWP is synthesized, where an ultrathin layer composed of Co3O4 nanoparticles is grown on CoWP nanowires supported on a carbon cloth (CC). The Co3O4@CoWP/CC electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and improved kinetics towards both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER). The Co3O4@CoWP/CC electrode achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 269 mV for the OER and −10 mA cm−2 at 118 mV for the HER in 1.0 M KOH solution. The voltage applied to a two-electrode water electrolyzer for overall water splitting, while employing the Co3O4@CoWP/CC electrode as both an anode and a cathode, in order to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, is 1.61 V, which is better than that for the majority of reported non-noble electrocatalysts. Moreover, the Co3O4@CoWP/CC electrode exhibits good stability over 24 h with slight attenuation. The electrode benefits from the enhanced adsorption of oxygen intermediates on Co3O4 during the OER, the increased ability for water dissociation and the optimized H adsorption/desorption ability of CoWP nanowires during the HER. This study provides a feasible approach for cost-effective and high-performance non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts for overall water electrolysis.

Hierarchical core-shell electrode with NiWO4 nanoparticles wrapped MnCo2O4 nanowire arrays on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Rational construction of MnCo2O4-based core-shell nanomaterials with distinctive and desirable architectures possesses great potential in the advanced electrode material of high-performance supercapacitors. Here, a new class of hierarchical core-shell nanowire arrays (NWAs) with a shell of NiWO4 nanoparticles and a core of MnCo2O4 nanowires is reported, which can significantly improve the electrochemical energy storage properties of supercapacitors. The unique core-shell structure endows the MnCo2O4@NiWO4 NWAs electrode with a high areal specific capacitance of 5.09 F cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a superior cyclic retention of 96% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, which are more preferable than those of MnCo2O4 NWAs electrode. More importantly, an aqueous electrochemical energy storage device (core-shell MnCo2O4@NiWO4 NWAs as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode, MnCo2O4@NiWO4//AC ASC) was assembled and shows a high energy density of 0.23 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 2.66 mW cm−2, and 0.09 mWh cm−2 at 16.00 mW cm−2, indicating hopeful potential for practical applications. This work highlights the significance of NiWO4 as a shell for hierarchical core-shell nanostructures, which can further improve the electron transport characteristic of the electrode material, thereby achieving performance breakthroughs in energy storage devices.

Highly efficient water splitting driven by zinc-air batteries with a single catalyst incorporating rich active species

Multifunctional electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are key for the development of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) such as electrolytic water splitting powered by metal-air batteries. Herein, hierarchical CuCoNC nanowire arrays are constructed on copper foam, enriching multiple active species on the catalytic scaffolds that lead to remarkable trifunctional activities of OER with η10 = 245 mV, HER with η10 = 59 mV and ORR comparable to Pt/C. While for overall water splitting a cell voltage of only 1.78 V is required to achieve a high current density of 500 mA cm−2, for Zn-air batteries (ZABs) a highly stabilized round-trip efficiency of >58% is achieved for over 360 h under 10 mA cm−2. Ultimately, a highly efficient IES of ZAB-powered water splitting employing a single catalyst is demonstrated with a hydrogen evolution rate of 69 μL s−1, showcasing a smart material design in simultaneously achieving multi-functionality and maximizing the energy efficiency.

Hierarchical MnO2 nanowire arrays consisting of multitripod structures grown on porous carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Hierarchical MnO2 arrays with nanowire-built multitripod structures were successfully deposited on porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) by a simple electrospinning followed by redox reaction. The unique multitripod architectures of MnO2 nanowire arrays pave well-developed network for rapid electron transfer and improve entire mechanical stability. Additionally, this hierarchical porosity of PCNFs substrate is favorable for guaranteeing sufficient penetration of electrolyte ions. Benefiting from all synergistic effects, the as-prepared MnO2/PCNFs flexible electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 512 F g−1 at 1 mA cm−2, a super rate capability (460 F g−1 at 50 mA cm−2) and cycling stability. Moreover, a fabricated symmetrical coin device delivers a specific energy density of 51.2 Wh kg−1 maintaining the power density of 585.3 W kg−1 and still keep 15.2 Wh kg−1 even at the ultra-high power density of 59.7 kW kg−1. These hierarchical MnO2 arrays comprising unique nanowire-built multitripod structures show potential prospects for future advanced energy storage devices.

Efficient charge transfer and separation of TiO2@NiCo-LDH core-shell nanowire arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting

Efficient charge transfer and separation play a significant role in determining the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of photocatalysts. Here, hierarchical nanowire arrays (NWAs) containing the TiO2 nanowire core and nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) shell were synthesized by combining a hydrothermal method with a facile electrochemical-deposition process. The hierarchical structure not only forms heterojunctions between the TiO2 core and NiCo-LDH shell but also provides active sites for water-splitting reaction, achieving the charge transfer efficiency up to 87% and the charge separation efficiency up to 42% at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under one sun illumination. The excellent PEC water-splitting performance of TiO2@NiCo-LDH core-shell NWAs is attributed to the enhanced charge transfer and separation, resulting from the decoration of the NiCo-LDH cocatalyst. This facile and cost-effective strategy for integrating the light-harvesting TiO2 semiconductor and NiCo-LDH cocatalyst into a hierarchical core-shell nanostructure can be potentially applied in energy conversion and environmental applications.

CuCo2O4 nanowire arrays wrapped in metal oxide nanosheets as hierarchical multicomponent electrodes for supercapacitors

Herein, we report the rational design and fabrication of multicomponent, hierarchical CuCo2O4 nanowire arrays wrapped with metal oxides (NiO, Co3O4 and MnO2) nanosheets for use in high-performance supercapacitors. Among all the composite electrodes prepared, the CuCo2O4@NiO electrode exhibits the best electrochemical behavior with a high areal capacitance of 2.3 F/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2 and excellent cycling stability. The asymmetric supercapacitor with CuCo2O4@NiO as the positive electrode shows a superior specific capacitance of 124.6 F/g at 1 A/g, exceptional energy density of 38.9 Wh/kg at 750 W/kg, and long cycle life with ∼81.3% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles. The results indicate that the CuCo2O4@NiO electrode shows great potential for high-performance electrochemical energy storage.

Rational Design of Photoelectrodes with Rapid Charge Transport for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

Photoelectrode materials are the heart of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which hold great promise to address global energy and environmental issues by converting solar energy into electricity or chemical fuels. In recent decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to the design and construction of photoelectrodes for the efficient generation and utilization of charge carriers to boost PEC performance. Herein, insights from a literature study on the relationship between the architecture and charge dynamics of photoelectrodes are presented. After briefly introducing the fundamental theories of charge dynamics in nanostructured photoelectrodes, the development of photoelectrode design in 1D polycrystalline nanotube arrays, 1D single-crystalline nanowire arrays, and hierarchical and mesoporous nanowire arrays is reviewed with a focus on the interplay between architecture and charge transport properties. For each design, commonly used synthetic approaches and the corresponding charge transport properties are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of these photoelectrodes in PEC systems are summarized. In conclusion, future challenges in the rational design of photoelectrode architecture are presented. The basic relationships between the architectures and charge dynamics of photoelectrode materials discussed here are expected to provide pertinent guidance and a reference for future advanced material design targeting improved light energy conversion systems.

Capillary Wicking in Hierarchically Textured Copper Nanowire Arrays.

Capillary wicking through homogeneous porous media remains challenging to simultaneously optimize due to the unique transport phenomena that occur at different length scales. This challenge may be overcome by introducing hierarchical porous media, which combine tailored morphologies across multiple length scales to design for the individual transport mechanisms. Here, we fabricate hierarchical nanowire arrays consisting of vertically aligned copper nanowires (∼100 to 1000 nm length scale) decorated with dense copper oxide nanostructures (∼10 to 100 nm length scale) to create unique property sets that include a large specific surface area, high rates of fluid delivery, and the structural flexibility of vertical arrays. These hierarchical nanowire arrays possess enhanced capillary wicking ( K/ Reff = 0.004-0.023 μm) by utilizing hemispreading and are advantageous as evaporation surfaces. With the advent and acceleration of flexible electronics technologies, we measure the capillary properties of our freestanding hierarchical nanowire arrays installed on curved surfaces and observe comparable fluid delivery to flat arrays, showing the difference of 10-20%. The degree of effective inter-nanowire pore and porosity is shown to govern the capillary performance parameters, thereby this study provides the design strategy for capillary wicking materials with unique and tailored combinations of thermofluidic properties.

All-Solid-State Fiber-Shaped Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density Based on Porous Vanadium Nitride Nanowires and Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 Nanosheet Wrapped NiCo2O4 Nanowires Arrays Electrode

Fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSC), among the most promising next-generation flexible energy storage devices, attract tremendous attention due to their high power density and rapid charging and discharging. However, their practical application is hindered by the low energy density that results from inferior specific capacitance and a limited voltage window. Herein, we design a flexible fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) with high energy density using vanadium nitride (VN) nanowires (NWs) on carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) as negative electrode and ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheet wrapped nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) to form a hierarchical nanowire array (HNWA) structure on CNTF as positive electrode. As-assembled FASC device has a maximum operational voltage of 1.6 V, with a highest areal capacitance of 291.9 mF/cm2 (106.1 F/cm3) and an energy density of 103.8 μWh/cm2 (37.7 mW/cm3). The FASC device possesses excellent reliability and achieves a retaining capacitance of more than 90% after 3000 bending...