Hierarchical Concept Research Articles

Step and Step-Nc as a Tool for Big Data in Cloud Manufacturing

The terms big data, cloud manufacturing, predictive and additive manufacturing, and Internet of Things (IoT) are being most commonly used in the manufacturing industry nowadays. These terms are related to the fourth industrial revolution that emphasizes automation and data exchange between manufacturing tools/elements. Communication occurs between machines, products and even technicians or operators through various technologies while creating records of each interaction resulting in rapid growth of amount of data to be stored. Data acquisition is not a major issue since a structure or framework can properly connect these data in improving manufacturing efficiency. However, lack of effort in collecting and storing manufacturing data in the whole product life cycle process has made integration to be almost difficult to achieve. In this study, the adoption of STEP-NC method/technique was demonstrated in suiting the current explosion of big data in the industrial and manufacturing sector. The proposed methodology was developed through a study of an entity file structure and hierarchical concept in STEP and STEP-NC in gathering manufacturing data in a unified database. The challenge would be in making sense of the data, revealing the patterns in it and using them for operational improvements. The outcome of this study will be useful to support strategic decision making in product manufacturing.

Ministry of Cultural Re-Centralization? Spanish Cultural Policy, from a Regionalized State System to Madrid’s Promotion as Hegemonic Cultural Capital (1980-2019)

European cultural policies experienced a decentralization process in the late twentieth century, in which regional and local governments took center stage rather than central governments. Thus, Spain represents a prominent and unique case in this trend, in which a state that inherited absolutism and centralist and authoritarian government, also adopted a decentralized model in cultural policy very quickly on its return to democracy. However, it did not take on a federal form of shared government but rather a decentralized government where the regions undertook active cultural actions. Nevertheless, as of the year 2000 and especially after the great recession of 2008, the Ministry of Culture, traditionally located in the capital, resumed the centralist path under a national construction program of a large hegemonic capital, namely Madrid. The undertaking of a research project and the analysis of secondary data lead us to the conclusion that the central government has progressively shelved cultural decentralization, adopting a hierarchical and unifying conception of cultural policy, that is, a cultural recentralization.

On Cultural Connotations of Death Euphemisms in English and Chinese: A Case Study of <i>The Story of the Stone</i> and Its Translation by Hawkes

Euphemism, as a language phenomenon, exists in both English and Chinese language. At the same time, euphemism is also a cultural phenomenon. Different habits of using euphemisms form gradually through different cultural traditions, values and national personalities. Generally speaking, euphemism is an effective and simple way for people to communicate and convey their emotions. It is generally recognized that The Story of the Stone is the highest achievement of Chinese classical novels, especially in Chinese traditional culture. In many different languages and cultures, death is one of the taboo subjects. The Story of the Stone contains a large number of euphemisms, including more than 100 death euphemisms. By taking The Story of the Stone and its translation by Hawkes as the research objects, this thesis looks into the similarities and differences of the cultural connotations in Chinese and English death euphemisms via quantitative analysis of their classifications and distributions. Specifically, there exist differences in religious beliefs and hierarchical concepts between Chinese and English cultures, as well as the similarities in cognitive attitudes and physical reactions between two sides. Hence, some relevant translation strategies are put forward by analyzing the cultural contrasts reflected by these Chinese and English euphemisms, which will accordingly guarantee a successful cross-cultural communication.

Learning design: Integrated local tradition ma’dawa-dawa, ma’manu-manu, ma’pettuada based on android

Mathematical skills that are of major concern at this time are extrapolation abilities which require students to be able to solve mathematical problems with abstract and hierarchical concepts. To improve this capability, it can be done by integrating local technology-based traditions that have an educational philosophy. This study aims to review the integrated learning design of the local culture of Ma’dawa-dawa, Ma’manu-manu, Ma’pettuada based on android in improving extrapolation abilities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method with data in the form of analysis of some literature that supports research studies and is arranged descriptively containing a theoretical basis. The results of the study indicate that designed learning can be a means of developing extrapolation abilities through the integration of technology-based local cultures.

Religious and Philosophical Views of Young Edmund Burke

In this article the views concerning philosophy and religion of the British politician and the thinker E. Burke relating to the early period of his career are investigated (the 50th — the beginning of the 60th of the 18th century). At this stage the thinker wrote a number of important works for his creativity, concerning the problems of politics, ethics, religion, social relations. The ideas formulated in its first works had significant effect on development of the Enlightenment in Great Britain and on forming of the doctrine of conservatism in the following. On the basis of the analysis of treatises of this thinker the author comes to a conclusion about the hierarchical concept of his world order in which civil laws, moral standards and religion are the major components.

Templates silábicos no Português do Príncipe: processos em coda e ‘prevalência’ de sílabas CV

Este artigo discute a silabificação no Português do Príncipe (PP), variedade da língua portuguesa falada em Santo Antônio do Príncipe, em São Tomé e Príncipe. Focaremos, para tanto, na coda. Apresentamos, inicialmente, os templates silábicos do PP, indicando os segmentos licenciados nos diferentes constituintes da sílaba. Após isso, fazemos o levantamento de alguns processos fonológicos, cujo domínio é a coda. Com base em um corpus de fala espontânea, verificamos que a coda, no PP, pode ser preenchida, com múltiplas realizações fonéticas de um rótico /r/, uma sibilante /S/, uma lateral /l/ ou mesmo abarcar uma nasal subespecificada /N/, da mesma forma que é previsto para outras variedades do português como a brasileira e a europeia. Processos fonológicos que têm a coda como domínio de aplicação e as consoantes /r/, /S/ e /l/ como alvo também foram observados: apagamentos, velarização, vocalização e posteriorização. O levantamento de tais fenômenos, no PP, corrobora uma concepção hierárquica para tratamento da estrutura silábica do PP e indica a atuação de duas trajetórias gramaticais paradoxais: a prevalência de sílabas CV fomentada por apagamentos e lenição segmentais, em que sílabas fechadas se adaptam em sílabas abertas, e a emergência de estruturas silábicas complexas, promovidas pela ressilabificação de /S/.

The indicators and methods used for measuring urban liveability: a scoping review.

Liveability is a multi-dimensional and hierarchical concept which consists of various criteria and sub-criteria and may be evaluated in different ways. The aim of this study was to systematically review indicators and methods used for the evaluation of urban liveability in literature. The five-stage methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley was used to conduct this scoping review. A systematic search of electronic databases, including Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and EBSCO was done until May 29, 2019. Web searching, searching reference lists and hand searching was also conducted to retrieve more relevant articles. Two reviewers screened the papers for eligibility based on the inclusion criteria and extracted their key data and reported them descriptively. Sixty seven (67) out of 3,599 papers met the selection criteria. This review showed five distinct domains considered to be important components of liveability. These were Economical, Environmental, Institutional, Social, and Governance (Political) domains. The most important subdomains (indices) which were frequently applied in various studies were Environmental friendliness and Sustainability, Socio-Cultural Conditions and Economic Vibrancy and Competitiveness. We also identified seven different methodologies and six ranking tools used for assessing urban liveability. Among the quantitative methods, three methods accounted for 89.6% of the articles. These methods were the Analytical hierarchy process and entropy (AHP; n=24; 50%), Factor analysis & Principle Component Analysis (FA & PCA; n=12; 25%) and Spatial Multi-criteria Decision-making Method (Spatial; n=7; 14.6%). Among the ranking tools used, three ranking tools accounted for 65.4% of the articles. These tools were the Livable City Scientific Evaluation Standards (LCSES; n=9; 34.6%), The Global Liveable Cities Index (GLCI; n=4; 15.4%) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU; n=4; 15.4%). This paper discusses and summarizes the latest indicators and methods used for determining urban liveability. The information offered in the review can help future investigators to decide which method suits their purpose and situation better and measure urban liveability more systematically than before.

NEUROMARKETING AND FREE WILL IN CIVIL LAW

The research is devoted to topical issues of law in the field of neuromarketing. The transition from commodity economy to economy of impressions is largely due to application of modern methods of monitoring brain functioning in order to increase efficiency of production and trading strategies. Due to the potential ability to influence the decision-making process of clients, neuromarketing attracts mixed opinions from lawyers and psychologists. The current legislation does not provide an appropriate level of regulation of neuroscience and their results in the market. At the same time, the precontractual impact on the consumer may contain signs of distorting the principles of freedom of contract, good faith, and reasonableness. The article proposes to consider the rational behavior of an individual - one of the main presumptions of civil law - from a new perspective, given the current results of neuropsychological research and ethical and legal aspects of social relations. The results of the work allow to speak about fundamental possibility of limiting the dynamic form of free will in a contractual obligation (up to the refusal of a transaction) if there are conditions related both directly to the psychophysiological characteristics of the counterparty and the pe-culiarities of neuromarketing effects under a specific contract. The relevance of hierarchical concepts of autonomy of will is noted; these are the situations when an individual choice is subject to legal protection, if it reflects a genuine will, consistent with the essential goals and values of the person. The absence of defects in awareness and voluntariness in such cases is a key aspect of principles of freedom of contract and reasonableness associated with a conscious decision when entering an obligation.

Мозаичность естественных галофитных экосистем на границе лесостепной и степной зон Южного Урала

The patterns (mosaicity) in natural halophytic grasslands at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of South Ural were characterized by the hierarchical continuum concept theory for the Troitskiy state natural complex preserve example. It was established, that the grass canopy is fragmented by salinization impact, the individual’s random distribution is typical of halophytes and salttolerant steppe species form patterns. Only the micro-patterns (0,8 m) level is statistically significant, parcels (8 m) and coenotics (12 m) are fuzzy and fragmentation of mosaicity is observed. There are two coenotics series defined for parcels – halophytic and steppe, relating to the distribution of halophytes and steppe grasses respectively. There is clear coenosis. Separation is observed by phytodiversity and biotopes descriptions. The intracoenotic interactions between species, soil moistening variability, soil aeration and acidity (alkalinity) and soil mineralization increase (decrease) are significant for parcels and coenosis forming.

Patterns in steppe meadow vegetation at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of the Southern Ural

The patterns (mosaicity) in steppe meadow vegetation were characterized at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of the Southern Ural by hierarchical continuum concept theory for Troitskiy state natural complex preserve example. It has been established that the discordant natural region bring about mosaicity destruction micro-patterns are fuzzy, parcels are not formed and coenotics (12,0 m) level is identified only. The steppe meadow vegetation is characterized by coenotic level continuum coenotic patterns have almost identical dominant and co-dominant species composition, phytochorologic units form combination of four meadow grasses with middle and weak contagious spatial distribution and most species have random spatial distribution. But the steppe meadow biotopes are characterized by specifics of abiotic factors. The significant factors, influencing coenotic patterns and biotopes of steppe meadow, are soil calcium and nitrogen regime, soil aeration, moistening and its variability.

JECI++: A Modified Joint Knowledge Graph Embedding Model for Concepts and Instances

Concepts and instances are important parts in knowledge graphs, but most knowledge graph embedding models treat them as entities equally, that leads to inaccurate embeddings of concepts and instances. Aiming to solve this problem, we propose a novel knowledge graph embedding model called JECI++ to jointly embed concepts and instances. First, JECI++ simplifies hierarchical concepts based on subClassOf relation and instanceOf relation, then re-links instances to the simplified concepts as new instanceOf triples. Consequently, an instance can be obtained by its neighbor instances and its belonging simplified concepts. Second, circular convolution is utilized to locate an instance in the embedding space, based on neighbor instances and simplified concepts. Finally, simplified concepts and instances are jointly embedded by the embeddings learner with CBOW (Continuous Bag-of-Words) or Skip-Gram strategies. Especially, JECI++ can alleviate the problem of complex relations by incorporating neighbor information of instances. JECI++ is evaluated by link prediction and triple classification on real world datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that it outperforms state-of-the-art models in most cases.

A Theory of Professional Identity in Journalism: Connecting Discursive Institutionalism, Socialization, and Psychological Resilience Theory

AbstractStudies about journalists’ professional identity have so far been scarce. However, understanding the constitution and formation processes of professional identity helps to explore journalists’ and journalism’s identity, performance, and adaption to challenges. The study enhances theories about journalistic roles, professional identity, and adaptation processes in journalism, based on a synthesis of literature from different fields as well as qualitative interviews with 20 journalists from print and online Swiss newspapers. This research proposes a model that explains: (a) the constitution of professional identity in journalism as an additive, relational, and hierarchical concept; and (b) the process of formation at three distinct level of analysis. The idea is that different theories address adaptation processes on distinctive analytical fields: discursive institutionalism captures the relationship between journalists’ and journalism’s identity (macro); socialization theory focuses on the adaption process into a social community (meso); and resilience theory explains individuals’ adaptation in face of challenges (micro).

A Gratification Model of Sport Team Mobile Application Usage

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a gratification model to encompass the motivations and usage patterns involved with sport team mobile apps. The hypotheses were tested by a structural equation modeling with single-group and multiple-group (i.e., age and gender) levels. The results indicated that of the 11 motivational factors, seven (i.e., Information Seeking , Convenience , Economic Incentives , Entertainment , Fantasy , Curiosity , and Parasocial ) directly influenced Continuance Intention . The findings also revealed some moderating effects—exerting the relationship between motivations and continuance intention—by gender and age. Moreover, as many sport scholars (e.g., Robinson & Trail, 2005) have pointed out the different motivational drivers between different leagues (e.g., National Football League vs. Major League Soccer), a multiple-group factor analysis in the current study also demonstrated that there were significant mean differences among the two groups. The study results shed light on what specific gratifications (i.e., utilitarian, hedonic, and social) users obtain via sport team mobile apps by conducting a first-second factor analysis—integrating a hierarchical concept of sport team app motivations. Overall, the model of sport team mobile apps proposed in this study can be used by sport marketing professionals to assist in enhancing more customer-oriented information systems (IS) for increased sport media consumption.

A Hierarchical Machine Learning Approach for Multi-Level and Multi-Resolution 3D Point Cloud Classification

The recent years saw an extensive use of 3D point cloud data for heritage documentation, valorisation and visualisation. Although rich in metric quality, these 3D data lack structured information such as semantics and hierarchy between parts. In this context, the introduction of point cloud classification methods can play an essential role for better data usage, model definition, analysis and conservation. The paper aims to extend a machine learning (ML) classification method with a multi-level and multi-resolution (MLMR) approach. The proposed MLMR approach improves the learning process and optimises 3D classification results through a hierarchical concept. The MLMR procedure is tested and evaluated on two large-scale and complex datasets: the Pomposa Abbey (Italy) and the Milan Cathedral (Italy). Classification results show the reliability and replicability of the developed method, allowing the identification of the necessary architectural classes at each geometric resolution.

Hierarchical conceptual clustering based on quantile method for identifying microscopic details in distributional data

Symbolic data is aggregated from bigger traditional datasets in order to hide entry specific details and to enable analysing large amounts of data, like big data, which would otherwise not be possible. Symbolic data may appear in many different but complex forms like intervals and histograms. Identifying patterns and finding similarities between objects is one of the most fundamental tasks of data mining. In order to accurately cluster these sophisticated data types, usual methods are not enough. Throughout the years different approaches have been proposed but they mainly concentrate on the “macroscopic” similarities between objects. Distributional data, for example symbolic data, has been aggregated from sets of large data and thus even the smallest microscopic differences and similarities become extremely important. In this paper a method is proposed for clustering distributional data based on these microscopic similarities by using quantile values. Having multiple points for comparison enables to identify similarities in small sections of distribution while producing more adequate hierarchical concepts. Proposed algorithm, called microscopic hierarchical conceptual clustering, has a monotone property and has been found to produce more adequate conceptual clusters during experimentation. Furthermore, thanks to the usage of quantiles, this algorithm allows us to compare different types of symbolic data easily without any additional complexity.

Semi-Supervised Concept Learning by Concept-Cognitive Learning and Concept Space

In human concept learning, people can naturally combine a handful of labeled data with abundant unlabeled data when they make classification decisions, which is also known as semi-supervised learning (SSL) in machine learning. Especially, human concept learning not only is a static process in human cognition but also can vary gradually with dynamic environments. Nevertheless, the classical SSL algorithms must be redesigned to accommodate newly input data. In this sense, concept-cognitive learning may be a good choice, as it can implement dynamic processes by imitating human cognitive processes. Meanwhile, numerous SSL methods were designed based on the feature vector information of instances, while ignoring concept structural information that is a very important process in human knowledge organization. Based on this idea, a novel SSL method, named semi-supervised concept learning method (S2CL), is proposed for dynamic SSL by employing concept spaces, in which knowledge is represented by hierarchical concept structures. Moreover, to make full use of the global and local conceptual information, we further propose an extended version of S2CL (namely, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S2CL}^{\alpha }$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) for concept learning. More specifically, to effectively exploit the unlabeled data, this paper first shows some new related theories for S2CL (or <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S2CL}^{\alpha }$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) based on a regular formal decision context; then a novel SSL framework is designed, and its corresponding algorithm is developed. Finally, we conduct some experiments on various datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, which include concept classification and incremental learning under a large quantity of unlabeled data.

Development of the concept of electronic government construction in the conditions of synergetic threats

The object of research is the process of forming the concept of building electronic government in the context of the synergy and hybridity of modern threats. The development of high technologies, the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) and computing resources allow us to improve not only the sphere of life and services for society, but also to create both individual elements and full-scale projects of the digital state. One of the most problematic places in the formation of a digital state and/or e-government remains the security of a single portal and/or registry. In the context of the rapid growth of computing resources, cybercriminals are realizing a combination of threats with social engineering methods, which allows to obtain a synergistic effect and hybridity.An assessment of the capabilities of a quantum computer is obtained, which significantly reduces the level of security when using traditional and asymmetric cryptography. This is due to the fact that the proposed methods for breaking symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems are implemented in the post-quantum period with polynomial complexity. The paper proposes a hierarchical concept of introducing a governance model based on e-government, which allows deepening the principles of democracy and virtually eliminating corruption with the required level of security. For its deployment, it is necessary to ensure at each level the protection of information and communication and mobile technologies that ensure the functionality of electronic government. The paper studies the main threats to critical cyberphysical systems, as the basis of the mechanisms for fulfilling the functions of e-government. Given the construction of full-scale quantum computers, the main goals and objectives of the concept of building electronic government are formed in the work. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain the basic principles and functionality at each level of the Concept of the formation of electronic government. Compared with similar well-known approaches, this ensures that the necessary level of not only computer and cyber literacy of the population is taken into account, but also that the state’s cyberspace is fully covered. It allows to provide the functionality of electronic government in the context of the integration of modern threats.

Criticisms of Feminist Translation Theory from within Feminism

Feminist translation theory has enlarged the boundaries of translation studies and triggered an unprecedented revolution in translation concepts and thoughts. This theory denies the traditional notions of translation as reproduction, arguing that translation is cultural interference and coordination during which there are creations of new meanings; it denies the traditional hierarchical concept of the superiority of the original and the subordination of the translation, redefining their relationship as coexistence; it also denies the absoluteness of meaning and emphasizes its richness and diversity, herein reinterpreting fidelity and accentuating infidelity or treason in translation. In general, it is a unique penetration in translation perspectives, practices and strategies. However, it also receives much criticisms in translation circles. This thesis aims to explore the criticisms from those within feminism. Throughout this thesis, the descriptive and qualitative approaches are adopted.

Patterns in steppe grassland vegetation of Troitsky State Natural Complex Preserve

The patterns (mosaicity) in the northern type of Southern Ural steppe vegetation were characterized by a hierarchical continuum concept theory for Troitsky State Natural Complex Preserve example. Multispecies patterns have been identified by blocks and principal components methods while a hierarchical patterns evaluation by multivariate statistics (Cluster, Discriminant Analysis and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) and biotopes phytoindication. It has been established that three pattern levels micro-patterns (0,8 and 1,8 m), parcels (6,0 m) and coenotics (11,0 m) are significantly identified in steppe vegetation. The two last levels correspond to levels specified for the southern type of Southern Ural steppe vegetation earlier. The authors have demonstrated that parcel and coenotic patterns are identified as ratio of four species abundance: Stipa lessingiana, S. pennata, S. tirsa and Festuca valesiaca. For natural and undisturbed steppe associations informative species are non-dominants or edificators. Vegetation plot size and the location in phytocatena can be determinative for floristic composition, phytodiversity indexes and syntaxon detection. There are several non-uniformly scaled factors of mosaicity identification. The most significant ones are coenotic interactions among species. Soil nitrogen regime and soil calcium regimes, soil moistening, aeration and acidity are significant for abiotic factors.

Adaptive security awareness training using linked open data datasets

Cybersecurity is no longer an issue discussed only between the professionals or technologists, but it is also closely related to ordinary people whose daily life is exposed to kinds of cyberattacks. And Womabat Security Technologies conducted a survey revealed that ransomware is an unknown concept to nearly two-thirds of employees. In practical, almost 95% of cybersecurity attacks are due to human error. At fact, expensive and sophisticated systems cannot work effectively without considering the human factor, while human factor is the major vulnerability in cybersecurity. Thus, it has great significance to give people cybersecurity awareness training. In this paper, we present a system, named ASURA, providing adaptive training aimed at improving cybersecurity awareness of people. Three issues can’t be neglected in adaptive cybersecurity awareness training, as follows. Firstly, we need to decide the proper training contents from the huge training materials. Secondly, the training contents should be timely updated, as cyber attacks constantly changing. At last, we should conduct training through effective and acceptable approach. We solved above three issues in this paper, and the innovative idea of this paper is constructing hierarchical concept map from the LOD database DBpedia. Then, we employ a series of processing on hierarchical concept map, including PageRank algorithm used to calculate the importance of each concept node, and filtering used to filtered out undefined and unrelated concepts. In particular, we get training contents from DBpedia dynamically and timely updated, so that training contents is keeping up to date. ASURA delivered training contents completely online, thus significant trimmed budget and allowed learners accessing training outside of a traditional classroom. Moreover, ASURA provide adaptive training targeted to individual learner, as it generate training contents based on the keyword from the learner.