Hgb Values Research Articles

One-staged combined hip and knee arthroplasty: retrospective comparative study at mid-term follow-up

BackgroundTo date, few knowledge is available about safety and effectiveness of one-staged combined hip and knee arthroplasty. The aim of our study was to evaluate, in a comparative fashion, complications and outcomes in patients who underwent one-staged hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsForty-two patients were enrolled and allocated into two groups of 21 patients each: one-staged hip and knee arthroplasty (group A) and two-staged hip and knee arthroplasty (group B). The follow-up averaged 50.2 months. Postoperative complications and implant survivorship were assessed prospectively. Outcomes were evaluated with Harris Hip score (HSS), Western Ontario Mc-Ministry score for the hip (h-WOMAC), Knee Society score (KSS), and Western Ontario Mc-Ministry knee score (k-WOMAC). Hip and knee range of motion (ROM) were measured both preoperatively and at the last follow-up.ResultsTwo (9.5%) patients in group A and three (14.3%) patients in group B developed complications (P = 0.8). Although a significant decrease in postoperative haemoglobin (Hgb) values was found in group A patients during the hospital stay, no differences in blood transfusions were found (P = 0.8). No significant differences were found comparing clinical-functional outcomes between the two groups, while a significant reduction of hospital length of stay was shown in group A patients.ConclusionsOne-staged combined hip and knee arthroplasty could be considered in patients with co-existing severe hip and knee osteoarthritis, providing similar complications and mid-term outcomes of two-staged procedures. However, the reproducibility safety and reliability of these procedures should be confirmed in prospective comparative randomised trials with more numerous patients.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered

Investigation of The Effect of Smoking on Some Blood Parameters and Respiratory Functions in Wrestlers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of smoking on some blood parameters and respiratory functions in wrestlers. To the study 18 non-smoker wrestling athletes for at least 11 ± 500 years, studying at different departments at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Sport Sciences, whose average age 20 ± 888, average height 177 ± 555, average weight 82 ± 777 kg; and 16 athletes smoking 15± 062 pieces of cigarettes in a day for averagely 3 ± 406 years, doing licenced wrestling at least for 11 ± 625 years whose average age 22 ± 000, height average 179 ± 375, weight average 86 ± 250; a total of 34 male individuals voluntarily participated in the study. Height and body weight measurements, blood analysis and pulmonary function tests were respectively applied to the participants. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done by SPSS 21.00 package program. Since the data were distributed normally, the Independent-Samples T Test was used for intergroup comparisons, and the level of significance was set at p <0.05 and 0.01 by using regression analysis test methods. RBC values of the smokers were significantly higher than the ones who did not (p <0.01), and the results of the respiratory function test showed that there were significant differences in favor of the non-smokers (p <0.01, p <0.05). While RBC and HGB values of cigarette users were found to be significantly higher, non-smokers had a 35.2% effect on RBC values of 33.9%, while FVC and FEF25 / 75 were significantly lower than non-smokers. FVC values of -47.4%, and FEF25 / 75 were found to have an effect of -65.7%. In conclusion, it was determined that smoking in wrestlers has statistically significant but negative effects on some blood parameters and respiratory functions. For this reason, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of smoking in the wrestlers to ensure that both athletes and coaches demonstrate the required sensitivity.

PSV-12 Effects of increasing iron dosage in newborn pigs on preweaning performance and hematological criteria

Abstract Newborn pigs (n = 336; 1.7 kg BW) were used in a 21-d study evaluating the effects of increasing injectable Fe on preweaning pig performance and blood Fe status. A total of 28 litters were used and at processing (d 3 after farrowing) all piglets were weighed and six barrows and six gilts/litter were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a CRD. Treatments consisted of a negative control receiving no Fe injection and increasing injectable Fe (Gleptoforte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) to achieve 50, 100, 150, 200-mg, or 200-mg plus a 100-mg injection on d 11 post-farrowing. Piglets were weighed and bled on d 3, 11, and 21 of age to determine growth performance and blood Fe status. Preweaned pig growth data and hematological criteria were evaluated using individual pig as the experimental unit with hematological criteria analyzed as a repeated measure. Increasing injectable Fe up to 100-mg improved (quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) ADG and d 21 BW with no further improvement thereafter (Table 1).There were no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.10) between the 200-mg and 200 + 100-mg treatments for growth. Significant treatment×day interactions (P &lt; 0.001) were observed for hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct). The interactions were the result of decreased values for pigs receiving no Fe injection or an Fe injection of 100-mg or less, while pigs receiving an Fe injection greater than 100-mg had increased values at d 21. Pigs receiving the 200 + 100-mg treatment had increased (P &lt; 0.05) Hgb and Hct values compared to pigs receiving a single 200-mg Fe injection on d 21. Results suggest that a 100-mg Fe injection is sufficient for growth performance during the preweaning phase, but an Fe injection greater than 100-mg is needed to maximize blood criteria. An extra 100-mg Fe injection at d 11 did not influence growth performance but does increase Hgb and Hct at weaning.

PSVI-19 Evaluating the effects of day of iron injection after farrowing on nursery performance and hematological criteria

Abstract Weaned pigs (n = 311; 5.9 kg BW) were used in a 59-d study evaluating the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on nursery pig performance and hematological criteria. Pigs were weaned at 21 d and allotted to pens based on preweaning Fe treatment with BW balanced across pens within a treatment with 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. The preweaning treatments were a negative control receiving no Fe injection or 200-mg of injectable Fe (Gleptoforte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) provided in a single injection on d 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 after birth. All pigs were fed common diets after weaning that contained 110 mg/kg of added Fe as FeSO4 provided from the trace mineral premix. Growth data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with pen as the experimental unit. Hematological criteria were measured as a repeated measure with pig as the experimental unit. Overall, increasing the age of pigs receiving a 200-mg Fe injection from 2 to 4 or 6 d after birth increased (quadratic; P = 0.013) d 80 ending BW with a decrease in BW when Fe was provided on d 8 or 10 (Table 1). Not providing an Fe injection after birth worsened (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and d 80 ending BW. Significant treatment×day interactions (P &lt; 0.001) were observed for Hgb and Hct values. These interactions occurred because pigs not receiving an Fe injection after birth had values that increased from d 21 to 35 while pigs receiving an Fe injection had values that decreased from d 21 to 35. While it is common practice to provide an Fe injection within the first 48 hours of birth, these results suggest delaying injection until d 4 or 6 may increase nursery final weight.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antiplasmodial (curative) Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Morinda lucida (Ewe Oruwo) in Male Swiss Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65

Aim: Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many infections and diseases including malaria. The study was conducted to determine the effect of in vivo anti-plasmodial and antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Morinda lucida in male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium Berghei NK65.&#x0D; Study Design and Methodology: Phytochemical, GC-MS and AAS analyses were determined in the plant. Swiss albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Thirty-five (35) mice were grouped into seven groups, five per group. Group A were not infected with P.berghei NK65. Group B, C and D served as the negative and positive control groups while Group E, F and G mice were treated with 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of methanolic leaf extract of M. lucida. Haematological parameters were determined in the whole blood using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer. TP, MDA, CAT, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and vitamin A were all determined in the liver homogenate using standard procedures.&#x0D; Results: The GC-MS result of the M. lucida shows the presence of five bioactive compounds. It was also observed that the plant contains the following minerals: iron, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and copper. Acute toxicity shows that the LD50 &gt;000mg/Kg b.wt. The extract caused 30.96%, 32.93% and 67.23% reduction in parasitemia at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively while chloroquine exerted 96.53% and artesunate exerted 92.03% reduction at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. The Haematological parameters showed that the plant extract is not haematotoxic since it significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced WBC count, and increase RBC, HGB, and HCT values in the treated mice compared to the infected untreated mice. This study shows that the mean lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly decreased in the malaria treated mice (group C, D, E, F and G) compared to the untreated mice (group B). There was also a significant increase in the total protein, catalase, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and Vitamin A levels in the liver homogenate of animals treated with chloroquine, artesunate and extract of M. lucida compared to the untreated mice.&#x0D; Conclusions: The study shows that Morinda lucida possess antiplasmodial activity in male Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65.

Hemoglobin Levels Pre- and Posttreatment as a Surrogate for Disease Severity in Early-Onset Scoliosis

Study DesignProspective cohort. ObjectiveTo compare preoperative hemoglobin levels to postoperative hemoglobin levels in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Summary of Background DataElevated hemoglobin (Hgb) may be a marker for preoperative hypoxia in patients with EOS and thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS). The changes in Hgb level after treatment may be a surrogate marker for improved oxygenation. MethodsBecause normal levels of Hgb vary with patient age, Hgb z scores were calculated by dividing age-adjusted mean Hgb levels by the age-adjusted standard deviation. Elevated Hgb was defined by a hemoglobin z score >1. Patients with a baseline Hgb value measured before initial implantation with at least one follow-up measurement, at 6, 12, or 18 months, were included in longitudinal analysis. Change in Hgb z score as well as change in curve magnitude over time was assessed using piecewise linear mixed modeling for patients with elevated Hgb and those without. ResultsTwo hundred sixty-seven patients with EOS were treated surgically over the study period. Average age at initial implantation was 6.8 years. Forty-eight (18%; 95% confidence interval = 13.7%, 23.2%) subjects had an elevated Hgb (z score > 1) level before implantation procedure. Hgb levels decreased in subjects with elevated Hgb from implantation to 6 months (p < .001) with no change in Hgb from 6 to 12 months (p = .46) or from 12 to 18 months (p = .59), but an overall decrease from preoperative to 18 months (p < .001). There was no change in Hgb levels for subjects without elevated Hgb from implantation to 6 months (p = .94), from 6 to 12 months (p = .61), or from 12 to 18 months (p = .78). ConclusionsIn some patients with EOS and TIS, there appears to be significant positive impact on oxygenation from distraction instrumentation as evidenced by a meaningful proxy measurement: improvement in abnormal preoperative Hgb levels after surgery. Level of EvidenceIII.

S830 AVAPRITINIB, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF KIT D816V, INDUCES COMPLETE AND DURABLE RESPONSES IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH ADVANCED SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS (ADVSM)

Background: Anemia is common in myelofibrosis (MF) and current treatments are unsatisfactory. Anemia is not improved, and often initially worsened by ruxolitinib (rux), the only approved treatment for MF. Sotatercept is a first-in-class, activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) “ligand trap” that sequesters ligands that bind to the ActRIIA, some of which inhibit terminal erythropoiesis. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sotatercept in anemic subjects with MF, alone and with rux. Methods: This ongoing, single-institution, investigator-initiated, phase 2, open-label trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01712308) enrolls adults with primary MF or MF arising from polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia with anemia with or without RBC transfusion-dependence (per International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment criteria). Sotatercept is given subcutaneously every 3 weeks. Subjects on the sotatercept-only arm receive 0.75 or 1 mg/kg. Subjects on a stable dose (for ≥8 weeks) of rux receive 0.75 mg/kg of sotatercept and must have been on rux for ≥6 months. Responses include increases in hemoglobin (Hgb) of ≥1.5 g/dL (for ≥12 weeks) from baseline in anemia-only subjects (without transfusions) and RBC transfusion independence in RBC transfusion-dependent subjects. Subjects had to be on treatment for ≥84 days to be evaluable. Results: Of 48 subjects enrolled, 6 never began sotatercept and 1 received 0.3 mg/kg/dose; these subjects are not considered further. Of the remainder, 26 subjects received sotatercept only (12 received 0.75 mg/kg and 14, 1 mg/kg) and 15, sotatercept and rux. Baseline variables are displayed in the Table. Seven of 20 (35%) evaluable subjects in the sotatercept-only cohort responded; 4 of 10 anemia-only subjects and 3 of 10 RBC-transfusion-dependent subjects. Two other subjects who achieved ≥1.5 g/dL Hgb increases from baseline discontinued early for other reasons. Of 13 evaluable subjects receiving sotatercept and rux, 3 (23%) responded (all anemia-only subjects). An additional subject had a 1.5 g/dL Hgb increase from baseline that was not sustained for ≥84 days due to the need for a rux dose increase from 10 to 15 mg twice daily. The median numbers of cycles of sotatercept were 5 (range, 1–53) and 10 (range, 2–26), and median times on study were 4 (range, 1–39+) and 7 (range, 2–31+) months, respectively, in the sotatercept-only and sotatercept plus rux cohorts. Median time to response in the monotherapy cohort was 21 (range, 7–22) days and median duration of response was 12 (range, 4–39+) months. In the combination cohort, the 3 responses began at 7, 14 and 140 days, and are ongoing at 17+, 18+ and 30+ months. Several subjects in both cohorts required sotatercept to be held for Hgb ≥11.5 g/dL and resumed when Hgb <11 g/dL. Eight subjects remain on study, 4 in each cohort, including 2 responders in the sotatercept-only cohort and 3 in the combination cohort. Reasons for discontinuation (n = 33) include no or loss of benefit (11), censoring because of a transplant (6), MF progression (7), patient choice (3), inability to comply with study requirements (2), hypertension (1), leukemic transformation (1), loss of health insurance (1) and unrelated medical problems (1). Sotatercept was well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs) were grades 1 or 2. Grade 3 myalgias/arthralgias occurred in 2 subjects (5%). Grade 3 hypertension occurred in 6 subjects (15%) and grade 2 in 2 (5%). These were not associated with high Hgb values. No grade 4 AEs occurred.Summary/Conclusion: Sotatercept improves anemia of MF, both when given alone and in subjects receiving rux.

S829 SOTATERCEPT (ACE‐011) IN SUBJECTS WITH MPN‐ASSOCIATED MYELOFIBROSIS AND ANEMIA

Background:Anemia is common in myelofibrosis (MF) and current treatments are unsatisfactory. Anemia is not improved, and often initially worsened by ruxolitinib (rux), the only approved treatment for MF. Sotatercept is a first‐in‐class, activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) “ligand trap” that sequesters ligands that bind to the ActRIIA, some of which inhibit terminal erythropoiesis.Aims:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sotatercept in anemic subjects with MF, alone and with rux.Methods:This ongoing, single‐institution, investigator‐initiated, phase 2, open‐label trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01712308) enrolls adults with primary MF or MF arising from polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia with anemia with or without RBC transfusion‐dependence (per International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment criteria). Sotatercept is given subcutaneously every 3 weeks. Subjects on the sotatercept‐only arm receive 0.75 or 1 mg/kg. Subjects on a stable dose (for ≥8 weeks) of rux receive 0.75 mg/kg of sotatercept and must have been on rux for ≥6 months. Responses include increases in hemoglobin (Hgb) of ≥1.5 g/dL (for ≥12 weeks) from baseline in anemia‐only subjects (without transfusions) and RBC transfusion independence in RBC transfusion‐dependent subjects. Subjects had to be on treatment for ≥84 days to be evaluable.Results:Of 48 subjects enrolled, 6 never began sotatercept and 1 received 0.3 mg/kg/dose; these subjects are not considered further. Of the remainder, 26 subjects received sotatercept only (12 received 0.75 mg/kg and 14, 1 mg/kg) and 15, sotatercept and rux. Baseline variables are displayed in the Table.Seven of 20 (35%) evaluable subjects in the sotatercept‐only cohort responded; 4 of 10 anemia‐only subjects and 3 of 10 RBC‐transfusion‐dependent subjects. Two other subjects who achieved ≥1.5 g/dL Hgb increases from baseline discontinued early for other reasons. Of 13 evaluable subjects receiving sotatercept and rux, 3 (23%) responded (all anemia‐only subjects). An additional subject had a 1.5 g/dL Hgb increase from baseline that was not sustained for ≥84 days due to the need for a rux dose increase from 10 to 15 mg twice daily. The median numbers of cycles of sotatercept were 5 (range, 1–53) and 10 (range, 2–26), and median times on study were 4 (range, 1–39+) and 7 (range, 2–31+) months, respectively, in the sotatercept‐only and sotatercept plus rux cohorts. Median time to response in the monotherapy cohort was 21 (range, 7–22) days and median duration of response was 12 (range, 4–39+) months. In the combination cohort, the 3 responses began at 7, 14 and 140 days, and are ongoing at 17+, 18+ and 30+ months. Several subjects in both cohorts required sotatercept to be held for Hgb ≥11.5 g/dL and resumed when Hgb &lt;11 g/dL.Eight subjects remain on study, 4 in each cohort, including 2 responders in the sotatercept‐only cohort and 3 in the combination cohort. Reasons for discontinuation (n = 33) include no or loss of benefit (11), censoring because of a transplant (6), MF progression (7), patient choice (3), inability to comply with study requirements (2), hypertension (1), leukemic transformation (1), loss of health insurance (1) and unrelated medical problems (1).Sotatercept was well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs) were grades 1 or 2. Grade 3 myalgias/arthralgias occurred in 2 subjects (5%). Grade 3 hypertension occurred in 6 subjects (15%) and grade 2 in 2 (5%). These were not associated with high Hgb values. No grade 4 AEs occurred.Summary/Conclusion:Sotatercept improves anemia of MF, both when given alone and in subjects receiving rux.image

Relationship between haematological profile and progression or spontaneous regression of melanoma in the Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs

Haematological parameters, plasma iron concentration, and bodyweight were monitored in Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs (MeLiM) from 5 to 18 weeks old. Animals with melanoma progression (P group) and spontaneous regression (SR group) were compared.The P group showed the lowest median values of red blood cell counts (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), and bodyweight, whereas the control white (tumour-free) pigs (C group) revealed the highest mean values of these parameters. The mean values of pigs with SR fell between the P and C groups. In addition, a stable concentration of plasma iron was found in the C group, while iron deficiency that increases with age was observed in the MeLiM groups. These results indicate that MeLiM are affected by cancer-related microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The lowest values of HGB, RBC, and HCT, together with the highest number of platelets (PLT) in the P group correspond to melanoma progression. Higher values of these parameters and lower PLT in the MeLiM pigs with SR reflected health improvement due to the destruction of melanoma cells during spontaneous regression. Monitoring of these haematological parameters can help distinguish MeLiM piglets with progression and spontaneous regression of melanoma in the early stages of postnatal development. The findings of this study correspond to findings in human patients in which cancer-related anaemia, thrombocytosis, and iron deficiency are often diagnosed.

The combined administration of systemic and topical tranexamic acid for total hip arthroplasty: Is it better than systemic?

ObectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined intravenous and topical use of tranexamic acid (TXA) on total blood loss and transfusion rate in total hip arthroplasty. MethodsThis prospective randomized study included 57 patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty between September 2016 and September 2017. The IV administration group (Group 1) consisted of 26 patients (mean age: 63.73 ± 10.29 years), while the IV and topical administiration group (Group 2) consisted of 22 patients (62.82 ± 8.31 years). Demographic data and outcomes were obtained through a review of individual medical records. Medical comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), ASA and CCI, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, postoperative transfusion records and 90-day joint-related (implant subsidence, dislocation, postoperative anemia, deep infection, hematoma and/or wound problem, postoperative periprosthetic fracture) readmission rate and complication rate were compared between the groups. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), the level of preoperative Hb values, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and Charleson Comorbidty Index (CCI) rating (p > 0.05). The mean postoperative Hgb in the group 2 was higher by a small amount compared to the group 1. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the Hgb values (p = 0.562). Hgb Delta in the group 2 was lower than that of the group 1. The difference between the groups in the Hgb Delta values was not statistically significant (p = 0.268). The mean total blood loss was lower in the group 2 than in the group 1 but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.788). There was no significant difference observed in terms of any adverse complications among the 2 groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionThe combined administration of IV and topical TXA compared with IV alone can decrease total blood loss and the number of blood transfusions required without increasing the risk of DVT or/and PE in total hip arthroplasty. But the statistical analysis and clinical relevance is not significant. Level of EvidenceLevel I Therapeutic Study.

Iron Deficiency Anemia among In-School Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of Bahir Dar City Administration, North West Ethiopia.

Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. Adolescent girls are the most vulnerable group of population due to different reasons. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among school adolescent girls in rural towns of Bahir Dar City Administration, North West Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 5 to April 15, 2017, on 443 randomly selected school adolescent girls. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Blood sample was also collected to assess the hemoglobin (Hgb) value of study participants. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the associated factors with the outcome variable. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to identify the variables significantly associated with the outcome variable. Result The prevalence of anemia was 11.1%. Household family size [AOR=3.2, 95%CI (1.29-7.89)], average household monthly income <500 ETB [AOR=10; 95%CI (2.49-41.26)], 501-1000 ETB [AOR=6, 95%CI (2.54-14.33)], history of intestinal parasitic infection [AOR=2.7; 95% CI (1.19-6.21)], duration of menstruation flow [AOR=2.4; 95%CI (1.08- 5.44)], and BMI for age [AOR-3.2; 95% CI (1.43-7.05)] were the predictors of anemia. Conclusion and Recommendation Anemia was a mild public health problem among school adolescent girls in the study area. Household monthly income, family size, intestinal parasite infections, duration of menstruation, and BMI for age are predictors of anemia. Thus, intervention strategies should focus on prevention and early treatment of intestinal parasite, nutritional education, screening, and iron supplementation programs to prevent anemia among school adolescent girls.

Profiles of hematological parameters in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria patients attending Tercha General Hospital, Dawuro Zone, South Ethiopia.

BackgroundMalaria is a major health problem in the tropics, with 300–500 million cases and 1.1–2.7 million deaths occurring annually. The hematological alterations associated with malaria infection may vary depending on: level of malaria endemicity, background hemoglobinopathy, malaria immunity, host genetic factors, and parasite strain variations.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the profiles of hematologic parameters in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria infections at Tercha General Hospital, Dawuro Zone, South Ethiopia.MethodologyA total of 340 study participants were included in the study, out of which 170 were malaria cases, and the remaining 170 were malaria negatives. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Malaria diagnosis was based on thick and thin blood films microscopy. Hematological parameters were determined by using an automated, CELL-DYN 1800 hematology analyzer. Malaria parasite density was determined by counting the asexual parasites against 200 WBCs, and then calculated by using the standard formula. The diagnostic accuracy of hematological parameters was measured by computing sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.ResultsThe mean values of Hgb, Hct, platelet, WBC, RBC, and lymphocyte were significantly lower in malaria patients than malaria negatives. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia and anemia in malaria patients was 84% and 67%, respectively. There was an inverse correlation between P. falciparum and P. vivax parasite density and lymphocyte count, as well as platelet count.Conclusion and recommendationThrombocytopenia and anemia were the two common hematological abnormalities observed in malaria cases. The platelet count during malaria infection was inversely correlated with the asexual stage parasite density. Patients with acute febrile illness having thrombocytopenia should alert the treating physician about the possibility of malaria infection. Malaria patients should be checked for the presence of hematological abnormalities such as anemia and have to be managed for those abnormalities.

Effect of Sex on Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Boer x Hair Goat Crossbreed

The aim of this study was to determine some hematological and biochemical parameters in male and female Boer x hair goat crossbreed (n=34). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in sample tubes with and without anticoagulants. A Mindray BC2800 fully-automated device was used to measure the WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, and MCH values and ADVIA 1800 brand auto-analyzer was used to obtain Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Crea, Tp, Alb, Gluo, Chol, Trig, AST, ALT, and ALP values. WBC (p<0.01), RBC (p<0.05), HCT (p<0.01) and MCV (p<0.05) levels were found to be statistically higher in female specimens, while HGB and MCH levels were found to be statistically identical for both sexes. Meanwhile, males had statistically higher levels of K (p <0.001) and Mg (p<0.01) levels compared to females. Crea (p<0.001), Tp (p <0.05), Alb (p<0.05), Gluo (p<0.001) levels were also statistically higher in males, while Chol level was statistically higher in females (p<0.001). No statistically significant variation was detected between the Trig values of the sexes. ALT, ALP activities of males were found to be statistically higher in males than in females (p<0.05). The results of the study revealed that some hematological and biochemical parameters of Boer x hair goat crossbreeds are affected by sex.

Virtual Hyperspectral Imaging of Eyelids - &lt;i&gt;mHematology&lt;/i&gt; for Blood Hemoglobin Analysis

Background: Blood hemoglobin (Hgb) testing is a routine procedure in a variety of clinical situations. However, noninvasive, continuous, and real-time Hgb measurements are still challenging, deviating from clinical laboratory Hgb values. Photonics-based spectroscopy can provide a platform for reliable quantification of blood Hgb content, but requires bulky optical components that limit the development of compact, portable, and cost-efficient mHealth technologies. Methods: We introduce virtual hyperspectral imaging (VHI) that virtually transforms a built-in camera (i.e. RGB sensor) in the smartphone into a hyperspectral imager. As data-driven computational spectroscopy, VHI completely avoids the use of additional smartphone attachments. Our mobile version of VHI - mHematology combines imaging of peripheral tissue (i.e. conjunctiva) and spectroscopic quantification of total blood Hgb content without a priori personalized calibration. Findings: When compared with a wide range of blood Hgb values of human subjects, Bland-Altman analyses show excellent performance, comparable with laboratory blood Hg tests. Separate preliminary and testing datasets as well as intra-class correlations further strengthen the validation and utilization of VHI blood Hgb measurements. Interpretation: As mHematology of noninvasive and reliable blood hemoglobin measurements solely uses the smartphone camera, the key features include mobility, simplicity, and affordability (no additional cost for hardware) for rapid field adaptation in resource-limited or homecare settings. Funding: National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH R21TW010620, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 7200AA18CA00019, and Purdue University Shah Family Global Innovation Lab. The contents of this manuscript are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Declaration of Interest: None. Ethical Approval: IRB and IREC were approved at Purdue University, USA and Moi University, Kenya.

The evaluation of the effects of occupational arsenic exposure on man reproductive hormones

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between arsenic levels and reproductive hormones of workers with occupational arsenic exposure. Forty arsenic exposed workers, who applied to Ankara Occupational Disease Hospital, Occupational Health Outpatient Clinic between 2013-2017 with no complaints about infertility and erectile dysfunction (ED), were included in this study. Arsenic exposed individuals in the study group were working in the recycling and pest control companies. A healthy group, who consists of 57 office workers with no heavy metal exposure at workplace, was selected as the control group. Workers who have chronic disease, prescripted or herbal medicines were not included in this study. Whole group was composed of 97 male subjects, with 40 arsenic exposed workers and 57 control subjects. In the study group, urine arsenic levels (UAL) was significantly higher than the control group (57.98±26, 70 μg/L and 12.84±6.82 μg/L respectively) (p=0.000). Serum follicle stimulated hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were found to be higher in the study group (FSH: 4.52±2.08/3.58±2.10, LH: 4.66±1.92/ 4.20±1.92). Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and prolactin levels were significantly lower than in the control group (TT: 5.63±2.01/6.80±2.43, FT: 10.31±2.87/16,74±4,32, Prolactin: 12.61±7.03/15.55±6.93). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), uric acid (UA), creatinine, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were similar in both groups. In the complete blood count (CBC) parameters, the HGB and HTC values were found lower in the study group. This is a pilot study that shows the toxic effects of arsenic exposure on male reproductive hormones.

Hematological Abnormalities of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Hematological abnormalities are common in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, which is one of the major public health problems worldwide. However, there is paucity of information about the hematological profile of PTB patients with and without HIV in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess hematological abnormalities of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital. Sociodemographic data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood sample was collected and divided into a 3 ml EDTA tube for complete blood count with the Cell Dyn 1800 hematological analyzer and a 2 ml citrated tube for erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination. Data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS 20 for analysis. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean values of hematological parameters between PTB patients and PTB-HIV coinfected patients. Result A total of 100 study subjects (50 PTB and 50 PTB-HIV coinfected) were included with a mean age of 31.3 ± 10.3 years for PTB patients and 32.1 ± 9.2 years for PTB-HIV coinfected patients. In this study, there were significantly lower mean values of Hgb (P = 0.049), platelet count (P < 0.001), and neutrophils counts (P = 0.007) among PTB-HIV coinfected patients when compared with PTB patients. Of the PTB infected patients 46% were anemic, 6% leukopenic, 22% neutropenic, 8% lymphopenic, and 8% thrombocytopenic. On the other hand, of the PTB-HIV coinfected patients 60% were anemic, 14% leukopenic, 66% neutropenic, 12% lymphopenic, and 20% thrombocytopenic. ESR value was increased in all patients. Conclusion This study demonstrated high prevalence of neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia among PTB-HIV coinfected patients. HIV coinfection worsens hematological abnormalities of PTB patients. Assessment of hematological parameters can be used as an indicator in the diagnosis and follow-up of PTB patients coinfected with HIV. We recommended assessment of PTB patients with or without HIV for various hematological disorders such as neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: Disorders of mineral metabolism and bone density are common complications in chronic kidney disease and are an important cause of morbidity. Recently used definition is chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between bone mineral density and influencing factors in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.Material and Methods: In our study, cases were evaluated by being divided into 3 groups depending on bone mineral density (BMD). Our study included 124 cases and was designed as a cross-sectional observational study. The demographic data of the cases were recorded separately for each case. Routine biochemical analyses were studied. Results: The median vit D value of the patients with osteoporosis participated in the study was 14.44 mg/dl in the osteopenic group and the median value of the patients without osteoporosis was 20.14 mg/dl. The lowest and highest vit D values of the patients with osteoporosis were 3 mg/dl and 34.77 mg/dl, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between all 3 groups for the age variable (p=0.002). There was a statistically significant difference between all 3 groups for the BMI variable (p=0.011). For 3 groups divided according to BMD measurements, statistically significant results were found in the PTH, Ferritin, Hgb, CRP, ALP, Albumin, e-GFR, hip and lumbar BMD values, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.001, p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.001, p=0.003,p=0.005, p=0.001, p&amp;lt;0.001, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study revealed that the most important risk factor associated with osteoporosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis was PTH elevation and low vitamin D levels. For this purpose, BMD measurements and biochemical parameters of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis should be studied in appropriate periods by adhering to the guidelines. Vit D replacement should not be neglected in order to avoid osteoporosis and to treat the detected cases.

DİRENÇ EGZERSİZLERİ SIRASINDA SU ALIMININ HEMOGRAM ÜZERİNDEKİ AKUT ETKİSİ

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of exercises done by drinking water and not drinking water during resistance training on hemogram (leukocyte, erythrocyte, and thrombocyte). 10 male university students aged between 20 and 23 participated in the study. The participants did five different resistance exercises (3 sets 8 RM) previously determined. During the training program, they did resistance exercises by not consuming water in the first week and consuming water in the second week. (Pre-exercise and exercise days routine food and fluid intake was maintained, fluid intake restriction was applied only during exercise) The participants’ Hemogram (Erythrocyte, Leukocyte and Thrombocyte) measurements were made before and after the exercise. The obtained data were tested at p<0.05 significance level. A significant decrease in Lymph% and a significant decrease in p<0.02 in Gran% were found among exercise pre-test post-test values by taking water from sub leukocyte subgroups. A significant decrease in RBC p<0.01 and a significant decrease in HGB and HCT values of p<0.02 were observed between exercise pre-test post-test values without water intake and water intake of erythrocyte subgroups of the same resistance exercise. A significant decrease in p <0.00 was also found between the exercise pre-test post-test values of the same subgroups (RBC, HGB, HCT). A significant reduction in PDW% value of p<0.04 was observed between the exercise pre-test post-test values of the same resistance exercise without water intake and without taking water from platelet subgroups of the same resistance exercise. No statistically significant change was detected in the parameter values in the other subgroups. The exercise done without water intake; a significant difference was found in the parameters of Thrombocyte and Erythrocyte. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the parameters of Leukocyte. The exercise done with water intake; a significant difference was found in the parameters of Leukocyte and Erythrocyte. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the parameters of Thrombocyte.

The effects of preparation period exercises on the hematological parameters of the taekwondo athletes

Purpose: This study aimed at examining the effects of preparation period exercises, which were applied for eight weeks to elite level taekwondo athletes, on the hematological parameters. Material: Totally 21 athletes with international degrees from the university taekwondo team participated in this study, 12 of whom were female (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 8.8) and 9 of whom were male athletes (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 9.5). The participants attended an 8-week exercise program for 5 days a week, which included basic motoric features and technical and tactical development. 4 cc blood samples were taken from the right antecubital vein before and after the preparation period exercises. On the blood samples, WBC, GRAN, GRAN %, LYM, LYM %, MID and MID % values were examined among leukocyte sub-groups; RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDWC values were examined among the erythrocyte sub-groups, and PLT, MPV, PCT and PDW values were examined among thrombocyte sub-groups. Results: At the end of the study, we determined that there was a statistically significant increase in the MCHC values of both the male and the female taekwondo athletes. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant decreases in the HCT, MCV, MCH, MPV and PCT values of the female taekwondo athletes, and in the MCV, MPV and PCT values of the male taekwondo athletes. Conclusions: As a conclusion, we can state that the 8-week exercises applied during the preparation period affected the hematological parameters of the male and female taekwondo athletes to an extent, however, this effect was limited and it did not cause an important change.

251: Accuracy of colorimetric quantitative blood loss estimation for identification of postpartum hemorrhage

Accurate estimated blood loss (EBL) is a core tenet of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) protocols. Quantitative blood loss (QBL) aims to overcome inaccuracies associated with visual EBL. We compared the accuracy of obstetric EBL for prediction of postpartum hemoglobin (Hgb) changes before and after adoption of a colorimetric QBL system (Triton, Gauss Surgical). Retrospective cohort of deliveries before (“pre-QBL,” 8/2015-2/2017) and after (“post-QBL,” 8/2018- 3/2018) QBL adoption. Deliveries (3/2017-7/2017) were excluded during transition to QBL. Women met inclusion if they delivered at ≥20wks. All pre-QBL deliveries had physician EBL values. In the post-QBL phase, QBL was recorded as a separate value from physician EBL, but physicians were not blinded to the QBL value. The primary outcome was the difference between actual change in Hgb (predelivery Hgb - Hgb 24hrs after delivery) and predicted change in Hgb (predelivery Hgb - predicted Hgb 24hrs after delivery). Differences closer to 0 were more accurate with - and + values reflecting over- and underestimation, respectively. Predicted Hgb values were calculated using EBL, maternal blood volume and predelivery Hgb. Analyses were stratified by mode of delivery and PPH (EBL>1000mL). A secondary analysis compared predicted change in Hgb using pre-intervention EBL values and post -intervention QBL values. Secondary outcomes included composite maternal morbidity (blood transfusion >2 units, embolization, hysterectomy, ICU, exploratory laparotomy, DIC, intubation, kidney injury, and death) and time from PPH to transfusion of blood products. Mean differences between pre-QBL and post-QBL were evaluated with two- sample Student t-tests. There were 9,101 deliveries; 2,753 were post-QBL. Physician EBL was less accurate for prediction of change in Hgb after implementation of QBL in deliveries without PPH (Table 1). QBL values were more accurate than pre- intervention EBL values for prediction of Hgb change among cases of PPH (Table 2). Although less accurate, EBL in cases of PPH was an overestimate of change in Hgb. There was no difference in maternal composite morbidity (9.8 vs 12.3%; p=0.28) or median time to transfusion (17.0 vs 6.3 hours, p=0.51) between pre- and post-QBL. QBL estimates were more accurate in the setting of PPH; however, QBL adoption did not improve morbidity or time to transfusion in our tertiary care center. Analysis of the utility of QBL in other settings is warranted.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)