Heroic Figures Research Articles

From the Allegheny to the Irrawaddy: American Oil Drillers in Colonial Burma

Colonial Burma was once a major center of world petroleum production in the early 20th Century. A notable group in the oil-fields of Burma was the working-class American oil drillers, most of whom with ties to the oil regions of western Pennsylvania. Drawing from fragmented primary sources such as censuses, consular registrations, passport applications, and death reports, this article reconstructs the life story of three ordinary and obscure blue-collar American drillers working in Burma between 1905 and 1920. With an individual perspective, this article proposes a more human history of the non-human, which takes seriously the visions, desires, and experiences of ordinary people in the oil industry. For oil history, this approach decenters conventional narratives of state structures, national successes, or larger-than-life heroic figures in the making of the age of oil.

On Heroes, Revolutions and the Rebirth of Spirituality: a Carlylean Reading of D.H. Lawrence’s Kangaroo and

D.H. Lawrence and Thomas Carlyle both expressed a fascination with the great man or aristocratic figure, as well as a desire for social and political change in England and Europe. While studying these parallels, I will delineate Lawrence’s departure from Carlyle, as he takes his experiments in leadership outside a European – or even Western – sphere, and advocates a revolution both political and spiritual, in response to social conditions marked by economic preoccupations and financial greed, this upheaval being the sole adequate response to the ills of a people damaged by the war and unworthy leadership. Additionally, these concerns, combined with Carlyle’s enquiry into the nature of heroes, will lead me to analyse Lawrence’s difficulty in creating a humanly, politically and spiritually satisfactory heroic figure, revolution and new order.

Probing the Gendered History of Aegean Survey Archaeology

Probing the Gendered History of Aegean Survey Archaeology

The Cultural Hero of Sentimentalism at the Dramatic Crossroads of Politics and Arts

The paper suggests a typology of the cultural hero of sentimentalism, defining the basic features of his worldview. The archetypal figure of the cultural hero is a component of the myth designed to give people a clear explanation of the world and the rules for the ideology of collective identity. The cultural hero of sentimentalism embodies one of the most important paradigms in the value spectrum of the Age of Enlightenment, which is based on then-idealized ideas ofsensuality, heartfulness, and naturalness. The sentimentalist hero of the New Age is primarily a genius artist, a hero writer, a hero composer, because it is creativity, acknowledgement of the current moment and one’s own internal psychological “emotional matrices” (Andrey Zorin) that became the most modern form of heroism. In states at the stage of national formation, such as Germany during the heyday of sentimentalism, the figure of a cultural hero not only stabilizes the political situation but also becomes the embodiment of the national idea. Accordingly, at this stage, the cultural hero has a dual identity of sorts, being both a citizen and a rebel, which, combined with their oscillations between “natural life” and the desire to influence social processes, emphasizes their fundamental internal dichotomy.

Desain Video Animasi 2 Dimensi Kisah Perjuangan Martha Khristina Tiahahu

Hero is a term for anyone who is extraordinarily meritorious to his nation. Through the figure of a hero, a symbol of struggle, defending the truth, and sacrifice, always maintained and passed down from generation to generation. The hero is also one of the important figures that must be known by all the people around him, not only remembering in his heart and thanking him, but also by imitating the attitudes and actions of the heroes. However, heroes who have many values that can be imitated are increasingly being forgotten by the younger generation. Early recognition is needed so that children can recognize and know the heroes of national independence in order to become a better generation, especially teenagers in Indonesia. The purpose of the design is to introduce the history and national independence hero figures from the Maluku Islands, namely Martha Khristina Tiahahu. The media used as a solution to the problem is by using interactive information communication, looks fun, and interesting, also is in demand by the public, especially teenagers, and can be accessed easily so that information about this problem can be spread out to the general public, especially students. Animation is a film that is the result of hand work in the form of moving images.

Confronting Coming of Age and War in Hayao Miyazaki’s Howl’s Moving Castle (2004)

This research paper evaluates how Hayao Miyazaki’s film Howl’s Moving Castle (2004) does not reaffirm or condone the celebration of the kidult but rather solemnizes confronting reality and growing up by the infantilized adult. By placing the narrative of war as a major subject matter within the film, Miyazaki allows the child to step outside their safe space while also contextualizing the actions of the characters Howl and Sophie. On one hand, Howl acts as a vain and powerful wizard who avoids choosing sides in the war and attempts to protect civilians. His maturation is explored through several symbols such as the castle, his hair and appearance, his heart, and the concept of staying human. Simultaneously, Sophie who skips the awkwardness of maturation and acts as a wise and heroic figure with agency and intellect becomes an active agent in ending the war. The characters thus echo Miyazaki’s other narratives of psycho-social maturation, combining elements of both Western and Japanese traditions in animation, and fashioning a transnational piece of work that appeals to a diverse audience.

Nota su Andrea Zanzotto e la sua lunga ‘digestione’ di d’Annunzio

“Before I was fifteen I had already ʻeatenʼ Pascoli and D’Annunzio...”, writes 32-year-old Andrea Zanzotto in a letter to Giuseppe Ungaretti. In this brief statement we can take the food metaphor literally, and ask ourselves whether d’Annunzio was better digested than Pascoli or vice versa; whether the Dannunzian dish was taken off the menu or just set aside due to its overt supermanhood, to the unacceptable public figure of the poet hero. Or whether, on the contrary, d’Annunzio’s work was considered as food to be occasionally tasted and chewed here and there again, for the incomparable ʻsearch for sonorities so new to the point of the absurdʼ.

Swedish-American Borderlands: New Histories of Transatlantic Relations

Swedish-American Borderlands: New Histories of Transatlantic Relations

Subjectivity in flux: Contextualizing Don DeLillo’s White Noise

The idea of the subject as a construct, of various external influences, was not new to the cultural and literary circles in the 1980s when DeLillo published White Noise. In the second half of the twentieth century, post-structuralist and postmodern theories unsettled the established ideas of the humanist tradition like the concept of the subject. The idea that the subject is constituted by external factors posed a challenge to the modernist notion of the subject as authentic and independent consciousness. Influenced by post-structuralist and postmodern theories, novelists in post-war America, especially during and after the 1980s, portrayed their protagonists (the subjects) as textual constructs rather than authentic heroic figures we often find in modernists’ works of art. DeLillo engages with technological developments and sociocultural changes in post-war America and explores how such developments/changes influence an individual’s subjectivity. Critics have described Jack Gladney, the protagonist of White Noise, as a late-modernist displaced to negotiate the postmodern landscape. This study, which is purely of scholarly interest, attempts to show how Gladney vacillates between the notions of modernist authentic subject and the de-centred postmodern subject created textually. This article also attempts to explore how DeLillo’s fiction engages with the idea of the subject during the 1980s.

3D printed children's prostheses as enabling technology? The experience of children with upper limb body differences

PurposeThis paper examines the extent to which 3D printed children's prostheses function as enabling technology. The focus lies on the experiences of children with upper limb body differences using 3D printed prostheses in the context of (posthuman) cyborg theories.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on several years of field research applying a grounded theory approach. (Health) technology and the body are examined with special regard to the vulnerability of the technology user who is, also, the technology designer. Taking these children's particular vulnerability and sensitivity into account, the method of “cultural probes” was further developed applying distributed socio-(bio-)technical probes, which conceive soma design as the matter of a socio-material world.FindingsIt was shown that the e-NABLE device is not only a socially enabling somatechnic but can itself be limiting, vulnerable and painful for children due to its materiality. The somatechnical construction of children's bodies and identities are presented as heroic figures, which, in part, produces and experiences a corporeal being that is based on and identifies with these heroes and heroines – but may not always be in the interests of children with disabilities. In order to meet these children's needs, the author argues in line with crip technoscience that 3D printed prostheses should be co-developed with (and specifically for) them.Originality/valueThis paper is the first of its kind to consider the daily lives of children with 3D printed prostheses and their experiences as knowers and makers of such. This paper adds to the body of knowledge in the field of crip technoscience and enabling technologies.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon 10.1108/JET-02-2022-0017

Deconstruction of the epic cultural code in the short story by Kaimi Derviš Sušić

Starting from the thesis that the epic cultural code throughout the history of B&H was one of the key factors in the re/construction of national/ethnic identities in Bosnia, the paper, aimed at pointing to the poetic and ideological revolution of Bosnian literature of the second half of the XX century, analyzes the process of deconstruction of epic cultural code in story „Kaimija“ by Derviš Sušić. The paper concludes that the deconstruction of the epic cultural code and the erosion of the epic world begins within that world in the moment when Tale Ličanin enters it, whose character Derviš Sušić used in his story to oppose the monumental concept of history and the figure of the epic hero with a dialectical and activist view of the past and the socially conscious character of the hybrid (cultural) identity.

On Consolation: Finding Solace in Dark Times

In seventeen secular sermons, composed in a style at once grave, elegant, and concise, Ignatieff offers us his digest of the wisdom—the wisdom of consolation—that he has sought to find in writings as old as the book of Job and as recent as some of the letters of Václav Havel. Concluding the book, Ignatieff says of the authors he has surveyed that the “consolation they offer, it seems to me, lies in their example, in their courage and lucidity, and in their determination to leave something behind that might console us.” Reduced to its basic argumentative structure, then, the book is about the ways in which the desire to find consolation could itself be consoling.This self-reinforcing rhetorical maneuver, not wholly reassuring, is undermined by what some of the selected writers actually believed. Michel de Montaigne, for instance, came in his later years to think that, provided we have the consciousness of simply being alive, “we would have no need for consolation at all.” David Hume, noting the debilities of reason and seeing much of the world as beyond the grasp of human understanding, concluded that “we should abandon the ground of consolation altogether.” Karl Marx, his mind fixed on a post-revolutionary world, envisioned a “utopia beyond the need for consolation.” Abraham Lincoln, whom Ignatieff presents in the most saintly and tragic of colors, had “no secure footing in faith,” but turned to biblical traditions calling for us “to forswear vengeance and judgment.” And what is consoling about such traditions? “That we are not condemned to live imprisoned in the rhetoric, foolishness, and mendacity of the present.” But that is where Lincoln lived, inconsolably, and where we too live.Ignatieff begins his book, and his most complex of sermons, with Job. Rendered truly miserable by God—his crops and animals destroyed, his family annihilated, his body burning with pain—Job never wavers in his faith. The God who had made him suffer is the God in whom Job places all his trust. Despite advice from friends to confess his wrongs, Job admits of nothing. He wants only to understand, and from God himself, why he suffers. The answer he gets is that he has no right to ask, for to ask is to challenge the almighty authority of God. Ignatieff writes that “God demands absolute obedience as the condition of consolation,” but the text nowhere has God offering consolation of any kind on any terms to Job. His lands and animals are returned to him and he is given a new family, but his inquiries to God go unanswered. Negotiation is out of the question. Compensated, he is not consoled.Wherever he looks—and he looks far and wide in his reading—Ignatieff wants to find consolation. But when in this book he comes to the heroic figure of Primo Levi, who saw with utmost clarity the power of humankind to do evil, Ignatieff at last acknowledges the elusiveness of consolation: “History has no consolations to offer because it never ends and its meaning is never settled.” Nonetheless, he goes on to say, of the writers he has presented, that “we should keep faith with them and defend the truths they bequeathed to us.” Alas, that legacy leads us again and again to see, despite Ignatieff's valiant efforts, just how much of life is inconsolable.

The British Superiority of the 18th Century British Man Towards Different Ethnic Groups Revealed in Robinson Crusoe

The primary purpose of this study is to see the white British man's ethnic superiority in the eighteenth century revealed in Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. Through the attitude of Robinson Crusoe towards the people of color such as Xury or Friday, we can see how proud the British were of their ethnic and racial superiority. The protagonist takes it for granted to enslave the Moore and the black-skinned boy, establishing master-slave relationships. From his perspective, the British were the masters of others, a chosen people by God, and citizens with great intelligence and scientific knowledge, but other ethnic people were inferior races close to primitiveness. However, Crusoe's attitude toward the Spanish is quite different from the attitude he showed towards Xury and Friday. While he placed himself in the position of the master with Xury and Friday, he treats the white Spanish man as if he were one of his colleagues. This proves that the sense of superiority of the protagonist's 'others' is not based on the nation or the country, but on race. The protagonist, who unexpectedly settled on the uninhabited island, is depicted as a heroic figure, not only surviving all kinds of difficulties but also saving the lives of some people. He also restores the Christian faith through the time of loneliness. Nevertheless, his words and attitudes presented throughout the novel cannot overcome the distorted and wrong self-identity, in other words, 'white supremacy', or 'the British supremacy', which was prevalent in the 18th century.

중국 근대소설의 신화적 영웅 인물형상 연구

This paper presupposes『 The Twilight: The Romance of China in 1930』 as a myth, and examines how an individual named Wu Sun-fu, a writer Maodun, and Chinese society proceeded with the process of exploration to perform tasks, and as a result, what alternatives were to China’s future. In particular, Wu Sun-fu suggests a kind of clarity and inevitability in that he gives up being a hero and decides to enter a new stage, while the heroic figure commonly borrowed by May 4th modern writers usually enlighten the people in a superior position and does not hesitate to sacrifice himself, finally it ends up being tragic. First of all, Chapter 2 examines the transition of Maodun’s creative consciousness and the process of the birth of a hero named Wu Sun-fu. In Chapter 3, we will analyze Wu Sun-fu's heroism, the process of becoming no longer a hero, and the process of creating a labor class as a new hero in conjunction with Northrop Frye’s mythological criticism theory. At this time, economic vocabulary such as national capital, sales capitalism, and labor class implies important concepts to analyze the downfall of heroes and the birth process of new heroes. In other words, the heroic figure who advocated the pursuit of ideal personality and the modification of national character in the May 4th period will collapse, and now, in order to transform society, the physical foundation of society must be changed around “economy and life.” The labor class presented as the subject is a new hero of the new society, and Maodun also hinted at the appearance of this character at the same time as the fall of Wu Sun-fu in the work. In the period of mayhem and transition, Maodun presents the future of China through the replacement of these figures in『 The Twilight: The Romance of China in 1930』, and speaks of the justification that this is an inevitable result.

Türk ve Batı kültüründeki kahraman figürlerinin ortaokul öğrencilerindeki imgesel yerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir uygulama: Dede Korkut Hikâyesi örneği

Çalışmada Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri örneğinden hareketle, Türk kültürüne ait masal, hikâye ve mitolojilerdeki kahramanların öneminin vurgulanması bunun yanında Batıya ait kahraman imgelerinin çocuklardaki yansımalarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Batı kültürünün Türk çocukları üzerindeki etkileri ve bu kültürün çocukları etkileme yollarının ortaya konulması da hedefler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak için Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinden seçilen bir örnek üzerinden 12-13 yaş arası öğrencilerle uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri aracılığı ile hikâye ve masalların Türk kültürü için önemi, bu kaynaklarda yer alan kahramanların yerinin vurgulanması da amaçlar arasındadır. Batı kültürünün ele alınan yönlerinin öğrencilerdeki etkisi incelenirken, diğer taraftan da Dede Korkut Hikâyelerindeki bazı motiflerin, çocukların zihinlerinde ne şekille yer aldığı da ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı ve yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler hikâye okuma, canlandırma ve resim yapma gibi uygulamalardan sonra yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve bu verilerin analizi içerik analizi ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin Türk kültürüne ait kahramanlara yönelik çok az bir imgeye sahiplerken Batı kültürünün ürettiği mitolojik ve çağdaş kahraman figürlerine ait birçok imgeye sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonucun ortaya çıkmasında medya ve çeşitli nesneler üzerinde kullanılan görsellerin önemli etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan uygulamada Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinden seçilerek kullanılan Salur Kazan’ın bir kahraman olarak öğrenciler üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu sonucuna da varılmıştır.

Running for God as a Dialogue between Self and Soul

This study is about the physical and spiritual aspects of running. In addition to the human physical activity of running, there is a special reference to God-consciousness. Although the paper reflects an African, Christian, psychological bias, from an interfaith perspective, it concerns a simple, natural, human activity, within a broader energetic field of consciousness, which is usually and simply referred to as Love. The deliberate choice of the broad generic terms, God, or Godhead, is intended to include such terms as Allah, Brahman, Tao, Spirit, Divine, etc. While the terms “self” and “soul” may be used in different ways by various wisdom, spiritual and religious traditions, here they essentially refer to the interior, social and spiritual dimensions of human relationships. The study adopts a phenomenological, psychological, and biographical methodology with special reference to the spirituality of running as experienced by participants and reported by the heroic figures of Allyson Felix, Eliud Kipchoge, and Teilhard de Chardin, respectively. Its humble intention is to inspire all concerning the benefits of physical activity in general and running in particular, for physical, mental, social, and spiritual health promotion.

The Effect of Constructive Learning Design for Social Solidarity in History Lesson

A social solidarity feeling formation in a national building takes the history education as a medium. A constructive learning model was applied to shape the social solidarity among the pupils in two public Senior High Schools in Eastern Aceh of Indonesia. Using Local hero figure of Aceh, that is Abdurrauf As Singkil as role model, this study got use Joseph Renzulli's The Enrichment Triad Model of the core activities. It has a strategic function in developing the soul and character of the nation and building a better future life. It deals with the curriculum design to foster students' attitudes to learning and problem for the knowledge gain process. Data obtained revealed that the planning stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. The stage of history learning based on Manuscript of Abdurrauf As-Singkili as students’ Solidarity Enrichment encompasses 5 main activities and Joseph Renzulli's The Enrichment Triad Model of the core activities.

Реализация лингвокультурного типажа «врач-хирург» в русском языковом сознании (на материале интернет-комментариев)

The study is aimed at determining the features of the linguocultural type “physician-surgeon” in the Russian linguistic consciousness, using the material of Internet comments. The paper identified the main dictums of comments (gratitude and wishes), as well as the specific characteristics of the type “physician-surgeon”, including the idea of a “miracle”, asceticism and heroism. Scientific novelty of the study lies in considering the linguocultural type “physician-surgeon” as an independent concept, formed and fixed in the national linguistic worldview. As a result, it has been proved that the type “physician-surgeon” represents a separate group, which is opposed to other medical specialists. Internet comments realise the idea of a surgeon being a specialist possessing a divine gift, an ascetic, a professional and a heroic figure.

In the shadow of Cuauhtémoc: commemorative sculptures, indigenous heroes, and indigenismo in Mexico and Brazil, 1944-1958

ABSTRACT This article addresses the Brazilian interpretation of the Day of the Indian, a hemispheric indigenista celebration created in 1940 and observed in Brazil since 1944. It especially focuses on the prominence of the figure of Cuauhtémoc after the Mexican government sent a monument of the ‘Aztec hero’ to Brazil in 1922. The arrival of the Cuauhtémoc monument in Rio de Janeiro triggered a debate about who Brazil’s Indian hero should be, which continued until 1965 when a sculpture of the ‘Indian’ Araribóia was placed in Niteroi, on the other side of the Guanabara Bay. In the Day of the Indian ritual, the figure of Araribóia achieves some importance, but no autochthonous local figure could displace the mighty Cuauhtémoc and his status as Amerindian hero. The analysis of these specific stagings suggests a strong connection between the public displays of the ‘Indian heroes’ and the concomitant processes of national institutionalization and international recognition of Brazilian indigenismo. In the end, the heroic figures promoted by the Day of the Indian were not the Indians, but the indigenistas themselves. Their model, General Rondon, would be recognized in 1958, the year of his death, as ‘Indigenist hero.’

Saints, Heroes, and the ‘Other’: Value Orientations of Contemporary Greek Orthodoxy

This article examines contemporary public discourses and practices of clerical and lay actors who are mainly members of the Orthodox Church of Greece. First, it explains the ubiquitous presence of the Church in the Greek public sphere with reference to its religious functions and to its close association with both the state and the nation. Then, it shows how different interpretations of the category of the person support contrasting visions about the Church’s role in today’s world. On the one hand, those who espouse ethnoreligious schemata of thought promote the heroic figures of the Neomartyr and Ethnomartyr in their attempt to secure the institutional power of the Church and legitimize its role as ‘ark of the nation’. On the other hand, actors who are motivated by a desire to bring the Church into a constructive dialogue with modernity and the secular world employ the postmodern idea and value of the ‘Other’, which they link to the religious value of the neighbor. Finally, the paper calls attention to the social conditions that make ecclesiastical and social strata prone to support one of the above visions for the Church.