Written monuments are a valuable source where historical and cultural traditions and the spiritual wealth of the people are reflected. The fate of some of them is mysterious and unusual, and, undoubtedly, they are witnesses of certain events in our history and are an important primary source for the study of history and spiritual culture. The study of such heritage always arouses interest in the world science. There are a number of scientific and popular scientific articles on archeographic and textual research conducted at the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHLL UFRC RAS). However, scientific research in this direction does not stop, new topics and aspects of scientific developments appear, new results and discoveries are based on them. The purpose of the article is to tell the story of the formation of the G.B. Khusainov Manuscript Fund of the IHLL UFRC RAS based on new realities, to trace the history of the creation of the Oriental manuscripts department as an independent structural unit in this scientific institution, to determine their role in the study of the historical and cultural heritage of the Bashkir people. Against their background, the history of the study of Arabographic written monuments in the IHLL UFRC RAS and the results of scientific research in recent years in this field have been shown, priority areas of modern and future research are identified, the relevance and significance of the development of which is due to the need to introduce into scientific circulation and popularize Arabographic written monuments in the Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages available in the funds of the UFRC RAS, and first of all, in the G.B. Khusainov Manuscript Fund. Taking into account the fact that archaeological expeditions and business trips have been and remain the main source of replenishment of the fund of manuscripts and old printed publications, the work of field expeditions in recent years, which were carried out with the financial support of grants from various scientific foundations, was analyzed separately. In the study, based on the descriptive-narrative method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, with the help of the introduction of new documents into scientific circulation of the Scientific Archive of the UFRC RAS, the history of the G.B. Khusainov IIYaL Manuscript Fund of the UFRC RAS and the prerequisites for the creation of the current department of Oriental manuscripts are recreated, their place and contribution to the Bashkir archeographic science are shown.