Concept Of Heritage Research Articles

International Legal and Philosophical Aspects of the New Protection Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind

The article is devoted to the systematize the characteristics of objects of the common heritage of mankind, to study the historical origins and connections of the concept of the common heritage of mankind with other legal categories and worldview systems, to determine the prospects of application of the concept in its legal and worldview aspects. The work is based on a set of approaches united in sociological legal consciousness, primarily historical, communicative and psychological ones, and on the methodological basis of I. Kant’s philosophy. The concept of the common heritage of mankind in the context of trans-historical development of social consciousness as an important system-making factor of societies of macro-level scales for the first time is investigated in the research. Mankind should return to its social consciousness an intersubjective relation to its planetary natural environment, that is, its inclusion in its multilevel diversity and recognition of its “subjectivity”, if not in a legal sense, then in the awareness of its complexity, self-regulatory properties, the need for its constant cognition in feedback mode – this idea should be the main new concept of protection of the common heritage of mankind.

Heritage and anthropological concept of culture: a longstanding relationship

This work aimed at discussing the association made between the anthropological concept of culture and the broadening of the scope of the notion of heritage that has occurred since the beginning of the 21st century, specifically with regard to the policies established for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. It has been argued that because it is polysemic, the anthropological concept of culture had been related to the notion of heritage since the first quarter of the 20th century, that is, almost a century before. What has changed is the meaning attributed to both categories. In addition, it was discussed that an expansion of the heritage category is the result of the action of the most diverse social actors in the demand for differential cultural rights, operating with a specific political-cultural grammar, which dynamized enunciations such as multiculturalism, cultural diversity and representation, seeking a non-hierarchical vision of culture, which directly impacted on the conceptualization of heritage and the policy of protection of cultural goods. To this end, as a way of delimiting the discussion, it was decided to work with documents produced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the period, since it is a protagonist agent and arena with regard to policies for the protection of cultural goods. Keywords: heritage, anthropological concept of culture, immaterial heritage, cultural diversity.

Benefitting from the Common Heritage of Humankind: From Expectation to Reality

Abstract The international seabed ‘Area’ and its mineral resources are the common heritage of mankind and must be administered for the benefit of humankind as a whole. Yet the vision of the benefits to be reaped from the Area has changed over the years. The common heritage concept encapsulates seemingly conflicting developmental, commercial, and ecological imperatives. With seabed mining edging closer to becoming a reality, there is a need to analyse these imperatives and the range of benefits that humankind can (and in some cases already does) derive from the Area. This article critically discusses six categories of benefits that are relevant to seabed mining and assesses them against historical expectations. These are wealth generation and redistribution, advancement of developing States, security of mineral supply, ecosystem services, scientific knowledge, and other uses of the Area.

EARTHEN HERITAGE, CONSERVATION PRACTICES AND COMMODIFICATION IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE (QUEBRADA DE HUMAHUACA, JUJUY, ARGENTINA)

Abstract. Contemporary reflections on the conception and conservation of architectural heritage have led to new perspectives on certain categories, such as authenticity, within a more dynamic understanding of social facts. Historically, local communities have rethought and transformed their architecture within the framework of becoming reality. This change is inherent in their condition of existence, and necessary to consider the multiplicity of institutionalized actors that raise agendas and actions that intersect in a complex way with the dynamics of World Heritage sites. This paper will analyze the implications of these processes through the study of earthen architecture in Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina). The site is at risk due to the exponential growth of tourism and the process of transformation in different dimensions of local realities. Transformations in vernacular architecture will be analyze considering three dimensions and intersections. On the one hand, changes in practices of local builders within their own dynamics; on the other, the conservation actions on the architecture that have formal declarations of protection; finally, commodification of vernacular architecture due to tourist activities. The approach of this paper will focus on technical aspects, within a conceptual framework as social facts, based on the survey and fieldwork carried out in recent years. This case study could act as a precedent for similar researches and would be useful for guidelines in global earthen heritage conservation projects.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATE A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS INTO THE DESIGN OF CULTURAL ITINERARIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN INTEGRATED PLAN FOR TERRITORY

Abstract. The historical concept of heritage, which mostly comprised physical architectural and archaeological evidences, has been extended to the surrounding landscape in the last decades. This tendency has been corroborated by a series of International Charters and the European Landscape Convention of 2000. Landscape, understood as the perceptible part of territory that supports the contingencies throughout history, is subject to protection, management and planning. However, some inherent aspects of territory have been disregarded because of the frantic enlargement of cities throughout the twentieth century at the expense of the rural areas. Territorial heritage, which is fundamental to cultural landscape formation, is currently considered a strategic resource able to guarantee self-sustaining development of peri-urban and rural zones. In many cases, urban investments and planning associated to the enlargement of the metropolitan areas have overlooked this fruitful territorial heritage, making cultural landscapes illegible. This is the case of the cultural landscapes in the buffer zones of the archaeological sites, which are part of a diffuse territorial heritage that requires to be assessed by means of some innovative approaches. Cultural itineraries are presented as a landscape architecture strategy for valorising territorial heritage. Well-targeted design of these itineraries can also contribute to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation and to regenerate peri-urban and rural areas by promoting its self-sustaining development. To that end, the conceptualisation and hypotheses posed by some authors of the Società dei Territorialisti/e are used as references. A work methodology to design cultural itineraries is suggested in line with the presumptions of an integrated plan for territory aimed to valorise the territorial heritage. This paper explores in which way a GIS-based analysis can be integrated into the design of a landscape architecture like the cultural itinerary.

Modelo conceptual del patrimonio natural en la gestión ambiental para la conservación de ecosistemas

Reyes-Fornet, A., Saabedra, J.F., Zuniga Igarza, L.M., Fornet Hernandez, E.B. 2020. Conceptual model of natural heritage in environmental management for ecosystem conservation. Ecosistemas 29(2):2003. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.2003 The evolution in the concepts of ecosystems, conservation biology, environmental management, natural heritage, cultural heritage, well-being and sustainable development have allowed the creation of multidisciplinary teamwork in recent years. These disciplines use ecosystem, participatory and strategic approaches in their management activities. However, some limitations in the concept of natural heritage and its relationship with environmental management and conservation biology may limit the use of these approaches in integrated management models. That is why the present research has the general objective to elaborate and model a conceptual proposal of natural heritage in environmental management for ecosystems conservation, by means of theoretical and empirical methods. This conceptual model applies special emphasis on the intrinsic value of natural heritage. From the point of view of environmental management, ecosystems conservation is possible through intentional processes, with ecosystem approaches and proposals of values, attributes and dimensions to achieve the well-being of society in a sustainable way.

To what extent Iranian primary school textbooks mirror the philosophy of heritage education?

PurposeThis paper evaluates the content of Iranian primary school textbooks – as the fundamental educational tool in transmitting of key components – to highlight to what extent the content pursues the philosophy of heritage education. Heritage preservation, known to be fostering of the sustainable development, is successfully achieved through the education of young people. The philosophy of heritage education is to cultivate the sense of responsibility toward heritage preservation through the approaches of education through heritage, about heritage and for heritage in which students obtain knowledge, understand the value and develop their attitudes.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies the content analysis approach to evaluate the subject textbooks of the Iranian primary school curriculum. The content analysis was conducted for 51 textbooks across nine subjects and the teacher guidebooks for the art and physical education subjects. Historic country of Iran with a rich local and world cultural and natural heritage is significant context for this study.FindingsThe findings show that, however, heritage elements are applied for conveying the content of some subjects, there is the lack of clarifying of the concept and importance of heritage and cultivating the sense of responsibility toward its preservation.Originality/valueThe results contribute significantly in the heritage education literature as well as improving heritage education in Iran by highlighting the key points which should be considered to design heritage education programs.

Rádio regional: um patrimônio cultural imaterial e um lugar de memória

O rádio faz parte da história e da cultura de diversas regiões do Brasil. Na forma representativa com que se relaciona com estas culturas, o rádio regional, em especial, pode ser considerado como patrimônio cultural imaterial e lugar de memória. Isso vemos acontecer no programa Ranchinho do Jajá, da Rádio Mantiqueira AM 550 de Cruzeiro-SP, objeto deste artigo, que traz como objetivo analisar como os conceitos de patrimônio cultural imaterial e lugar de memória podem ser aplicados ao rádio. Seguindo a abordagem qualitativa, utiliza a estratégia de análise de conteúdo dos comentários de ouvintes do programa. Os resultados mostram que os conceitos de patrimônio cultural e lugar de memória podem ser aplicados ao rádio, a partir do sentido que a recepção dá para o seu conteúdo e seus elementos. A pesquisa contribui, portanto, com os estudos sobre o rádio como patrimônio cultural imaterial.

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmada Kültür Mirasının Yeri ve Önemi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, son yıllarda her alanda sıkça sözü edilen “sürdürülebilirlik” ve “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” kavramları içinde kültür mirasının nasıl ve ne kadar yer aldığı üzerine bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu yapılırken, öncelikle sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının gelişimi özetlemiş, bu konudaki uluslararası toplantılar ve bu toplantıların sonuç metinleri ve literatür incelenmiştir. Sonrasında kültür mirası konusunda önemli ve yeni gelişen kavramlar tanımlanmıştır. Kültür varlıklarının pek çok değerinin yanı sıra ekonomik değeri de ele alınmıştır. Son bölümde ise sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile ilgili başlıca uluslararası metinlerde kültür mirası kavramının yeri değerlendirilmiş, kültürün, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın temel ögeleri olarak kabul edilen sosyal gelişim, ekonomik kalkınma ve çevre koruma ile birlikte ve tüm bunları bağlayıcı şekilde ele alınması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur.

12Heritage Practice: The Politics of Racism/Gender/Sexuality

ABSTRACTIn this piece, I highlight the critical interventions presented in this collection for archaeology as heritage practice, as well as amplify many of the points that were made in relation to politics, particularly around the intersection of racism and gender/sexuality. Core tensions running through this collection are the many relationships between ways of being, concepts of heritage, visibility/invisibility of communities of people, and the practice and management of heritage. The interconnections between identity and heritage are shown as multiple and nuanced. This collection stands at the precipice of radically calling out the white heteropatriarchy that is the structural foundation of modern archaeology; rather than raising its voice, it is a polite, yet insistent, articulation of why inequity exists and how a feminist heritage practice might be able to address this issue in a new way. I will rely on the work of radical feminist scholars, thinkers, poets, and activists to support and articulate strength: each subheading cites a radical feminist thinker, and through the use of their words, I hope to elevate the work we are all engaged in—and it is work; much more needs to be done.

Adrian Craciunescu, To Move and Reconstruct Monuments – Conflicts with Authenticity and Integrity

Moving heritage has never been a problem of engineering. From technical point of view, when heritage became a doctrinal issue, everything was technically achievable already. Present understanding of built heritage is more and more connected to the place where such heritage was constructed and still, less and less related to its materiality. In the early sixties, Salvaging Abu Simbel in the early sixties overexposed this issue of deep link between a monument and its place. It was of such magnitude that even contributed directly to the World Heritage Convention. After more than half a century, due to new technologies and due to many changes in the way heritage is perceived, it appears that concepts of “place” and “reconstruction” tend to become less and less restrictive, to the point that the core concepts of World Heritage - “authenticity” and “integrity” - may become very difficult to assess at a certain moment. At least one position on Romania’s heritage in the World Heritage List is affected by the possibility of “dismantling, transfer and reinstatement at a suitable location” stated by the Granada Convention for the protection of architectural heritage of Europe. The wooden churches are movable by tradition, and this aspect is better reflected in the revised principles of Venice Charter reflected in ICOMOS Australia’s Burra Charter and, more recently, in Nara Document on Authenticity. However, having already so many precedents already, where else could we anymore trace a border line between acceptable and non-acceptable of such transfers and reconstructions in respect of authenticity and integrity? If such a line can be traced, does this mean then that a principle may be negotiable? Can it be properly set in a clear regulation or methodology?

(Re) pensando los lugares-patrimonio a partir de un caso en la llanura pampeana argentina

Tanto los lugares como el patrimonio son construcciones sociales inducidas por diferentes actores. Sundblad, en la llanura pampeana argentina, no queda exento de estos mecanismos. Actualmente, se destacan procesos que valorizan historias e identidades, sobre la base de ciertos lugares. En este contexto, los interrogantes de la investigación se presentan en dos esferas: una conceptual, lo que conduce a preguntarnos ¿Qué implican los conceptos de lugar y patrimonio? ¿Podemos hablar de lugares-patrimonio?; y otra empírica, interrogándonos ¿Cuáles son los lugares-patrimonio definidos por los propios residentes de la loca­lidad? ¿Qué usos sociales se pueden identificar? ¿Cuál es su situación actual? ¿Qué tensiones se reflejan en torno a ellos? El objetivo de la investigación es (re) pensar los lugares-patrimonio a partir del caso de Sundblad, desde la mirada de los actuales y ex residentes del pueblo rural. Este trabajo se presenta con un enfoque de investigación mixto, en el que se aplican cuestionarios y entrevistas, se da una observación participante y se analiza bibliografía específica. 
 Como resultado, se obtiene una clasificación de los lugares-patrimonio según la visión de los habitantes y con base en los usos sociales. Entre las principales conclusiones, se traza un horizonte no muy alentador en torno a estos procesos, que reflejan las características propias de la crisis del campo y las pequeñas localidades. La metodología propuesta pretende configurar un esque­ma que pueda aplicarse a otras latitudes con características similares, teniendo como fin indagar acerca de aquellos lugares que devienen en patrimonio según la perspectiva de la comunidad.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL MİRAS KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN ALGILARININ METAFOR ANALİZİ YOLUYLA İNCELENMESİ

The purpose of the research is to examine the metaphors produced by students who take lessons about the concept of cultural heritage. However, the subject of study includes that university students create a perception about the concept of cultural heritage. In the research it has been said to each student the derivation a metaphor about the concept of Cultural Heritage. The data of the research, Akdeniz University Tourism Faculty in the fall semester of 2019-2020 academic year; It has been obtained from 120 students who study in Recreation, Tourism Guidance, Tourism Management Departments and Faculty of Letters, Geography Department and who take courses in their curriculum related to the concept of Cultural Heritage. However, while evaluating the collected data; 16 forms that did not specify metaphors, even if they stated metaphors, which were not explained and were meaningless were eliminated and analyzed on 104 forms. In this study, phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used, the findings were presented with percentage and frequency values. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the participants, a total of 81 metaphors emerged. These metaphors are grouped in six groups according to their common characteristics. In the research, it was determined that the metaphor of "Tradition and Custom" was produced mostly to the concept of cultural heritage.

Conserving Modern Architectural Heritage: Review on First Numune Hospitals of Turkey

Purpose The new political approaches followed after the establishment of republic transformed the basic characteristics of many different dynamics in Turkey ranging from education and industry to art and architecture. The arrangements related to health services hold an important place among these fields and the great transformations seen in healthcare services necessitated the construction of hospital buildings with contemporary architectural qualities. In this framework, new hospital buildings known as “Numune” (Sample) Hospitals were established in Ankara, Diyarbakir, Erzurum and Sivas cities in 1924 to be good examples for further hospital buildings. In this context, the historical evolutions, architectural characteristics and current situations of these Numune hospitals are examined in this study together with an analysis of all the changes and interventions they were exposed to from past to present. This study aims to clarify the historical importance of Numune hospitals in question, address the changes they have undergone to date, criticize the interventions in the context of architectural history and conservation disciplines, and put forward various suggestions related to such disciplines. The search of the ways to provide the interrelationship of these buildings with the rapidly evolving current world by referring to the contemporary methods of different disciplines, constitutes one other basic aim of this study. The applications of the public authority of health services; namely the -Ministry of Health- and the other efficient dynamics related with the conservation of these buildings are also critically evaluated with respect to their roles on the sustaining of the architectural and historial values of these buildings. Design/Methodology/Approach The problems in preserving the original characteristics and showing respect to the historical values of these buildings are discussed by using the instruments and concepts of architectural history and conservation disciplines. Besides, some strategies are proposed for the preservation of these buildings with an awareness of the current conditions of health services in Turkey, and the possibility of the conflict between today’s conservation practices and health facility standards. Findings Taking into account contemporary approaches and the advanced conservation techniques being employed today, this study indicates that it is possible to make use of these structures by transforming their functions and maintaining their authentic values through proper applications. It is also expressed that a well-defined framework regarding that which structures are to be conserved according to which criteria could not be created, and that the decision-making mechanism focused solely on the conservation of the oldest structures. Practical Implications Some refunctioning and remediation strategies are presented for conserving the historical values of these Numune hospitals, while also improving their conditions as far as possible. Social Implications The concepts of heritage and value should be defined in a broader contextual framework and conservation principles should be revised according to these definitions. Originality/Value Considering these buildings serve as cultural bridges extending from the Ottoman era to the present and have important places in the historical development of healthcare facility architecture in Turkey, they hold symbolic values within the context of Turkish architectural history and heritage.

Exhibiting literature: The challenges of literary heritage’s value in the museological context

Literary heritage represents a complex system that connects tangible and intangible elements. For this reason, its management and valorization in museological context are convoluted, since curators have to deal with its ambivalent nature. This article seeks to identify the main challenges of valuing intangible literary heritage through the analysis of interviews with specialists in literary heritage and museology from different countries. Results show that, firstly, there is a need to clearly define the concept and scope of literary heritage and, secondly, the growing importance of connecting literary heritage with cultural tourism to find new strategies for passing on its intangible meanings.

The concept of heritage and the grammar of Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism is a way to oppose the counter-narrative of an exclusive Islamic civilization to the universalist master-narrative of history’s pluralistic heritage. Two methods of reading the past collide here. One is a genealogical method, which values anything that relates the present to its historical roots. The other is a fundamentalist method, which relies on sacred scriptures in order to identify a founding age it arrogates to itself and to condemn anything that does not correspond to it. These two perspectives function in a conflicting yet interdependent manner. This article aims to describe the operating modes of these two narratives. First, it examines how the concept of heritage acquired new meanings and transformed into an evaluation table with which to assess past, present, and future collective identities. Second, it describes some audiovisual productions relating to the antique city of Hatra, to the destruction of its statues by Islamic State’s fighters, and to its symbolism. On this basis, it analyzes these productions in terms of heritage master- and counter-narratives. Third, it addresses, in relation to the issue of heritage, the fundamentalist discursive structure, its grammar, the entrenchment of its rules, and the demarcation it implies between the community of believers and everyone else.

The Role of the UN Security Council in the Process of Securitization of World Cultural Heritage

The deliberate activity of terrorist groups to destroy cultural heritage sites triggered the securitization of World Cultural Heritage concept. Among the actors of the securitization process, the UN Security Council plays a special role as the main body responsible for ensuring and maintaining international peace and security. Within the framework of UN Security Council resolutions, the base was gradually prepared linking the destruction and plunder of World Cultural Heritage sites, the illicit trafficking of cultural property with the financing of terrorist activities. This process took place in line with the securitization process, increasingly linking the protection of cultural sites with the maintenance of international peace and security. The article assesses the impact the in activities of the UN Security Council on the process of securitization of the World Cultural Heritage and on the development of regional legislation in the field of protection of such heritage.

Research on Industrial Landscape Reconstruction Design of Baoji Shenxin Yarn Factory

This paper is devoted to the study of industrial heritage landscape reconstruction from the perspective of cultural memory. Taking the industrial landscape reconstruction design of Baoji Shenxin Yarn Factory as an example, the historical value will be excavated and extended in all directions. Combining the traditional concept of industrial heritage, historical and cultural status, site composition and development trend, the stage industrial heritage will be presented. The problems existing in the landscape renovation, and systematic analysis, elaboration and summary of the overall environmental characteristics of Shenxin Yarn Factory. This research combines the heritage itself with landscape planning and design, comprehensively utilizes the advantages of industrial heritage resources in combination with the design principles of protection, harmony and utilization, and combines with the development of sustainable tourism to protect the construction and art of China’s industry and achieve industrialization. The value of the heritage is maximized, and the trinity of heritage landscape, economy and environment is coordinated towards the diversification of ecological, functional, practical, economic, cultural and aesthetic.

Creative cultural tourism as a new model of the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism

The current study explores creative cultural tourism as a new model of the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism. Cultural heritage with its tangible and intangible components represents an essential part of culture tourism. Many changes have been happened in tourism due to new forms of consumption patterns, tourism activities, and tourism products. These changes require shifting from traditional culture tourism to creative cultural tourism as a new concept of cultural heritage. Tourists face many problems in the traditional culture tourism which is a form of mass tourism, thus, creative cultural tourism came to solve these problems. In addition, this study explains the transformation from traditional culture tourism to creative culture tourism.

COĞRAFYA LİSANS MEZUNLARININ KÜLTÜREL MİRAS KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK ALGILARININ METAFOR ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinin coğrafya bölümlerinden mezun olan bireylerin kültürel miras kavramına yönelik algılarının tespit edilmesidir. Söz konusu amaç kapsamında metafor analizi yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan her bir katılımcıdan kültürel miras kavramına yönelik en az bir adet metafor üretmesi istenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında kullanılan veriler ülkemizin farklı üniversitelerinin coğrafya bölümlerinden mezun olan 128 bireyden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aşaması 2018 yılının aralık ayında başlamış ve 2019 yılının ağustos ayında sonlanmıştır. Katılımcılara “Bana Göre Kültürel Miras…………Gibidir. Çünkü……….” şeklinde bir soru formu yöneltilmiştir. Bu süreç sonunda veri formlarının değerlendirilmesi neticesinde katılımcıların 48 adet metafor ürettiği tespit edilmiştir. Metafor üretmeyen, üretip nedenini belirtmeyen ya da anlamsız metafor üreten 40 katılımcının formları iptal edilmiş ve çalışma toplamda 88 form üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler olgu bilim deseni ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcılar tarafından üretilen 48 metafor çeşitli gruplara ayrılmış ve çalışma bu grupların analiz edilmesi ile tamamlanmıştır.