Heritage Centre Research Articles

Geoarchaeology and Heritage Management: Identifying and Quantifying Multi-Scalar Erosional Processes at Kisese II Rockshelter, Tanzania

Natural and anthropogenically induced soil erosion can cause serious loss of the archaeological record. Our work shows the value of multi-scalar geoarchaeological study when excavating and re-excavating rockshelters in a highly dynamic sedimentary environment where erosion is prominent. Here we present our work on Kisese II rockshelter, Tanzania, originally excavated in the 1950s and largely unpublished, that preserves an important Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological record integral to understanding the deep history of the Kondoa Rock-Art World Heritage Center. Unlike rockshelters in quiescent tectonic settings, like much of central Europe or South Africa, Kisese II exists in highly dynamic sedimentary environments associated with the active tectonics of the Great Rift Valley system exacerbated by human-induced environmental and climate change. We report on our 2017 and 2019 exploratory research that includes integrated regional-, landscape-, and site-scale geoarchaeological analyses of past and present sedimentary regimes and micromorphological analyses of the archaeological sediments. Historical records and aerial photographs document extensive changes in vegetation cover and erosional regimes since the 1920s, with drastic changes quantified between 1960 and 2019. Field survey points to an increased erosion rate between 2017 and 2019. To serve future archaeologists, heritage specialists, and local populations we combine our data in a geoarchaeological catena that includes soil, vegetation, fauna, and anthropogenic features on the landscape. At the site, micromorphological coupled with chronological analyses demonstrate the preservation of in situ Pleistocene deposits. Comparison of photographs from the 1956 and 2019 excavations show a maximum sediment loss of 68 cm in 63 years or >10% of >6-m-thick sedimentary deposit. In the studied area of the rockshelter we estimate ~1 cm/yr of erosion, suggesting the ongoing removal of much of the higher archaeological sediments which, based on the coarse stratigraphic controls and chronology of the original Inskeep excavations, would suggest the loss of much of the archaeological record of the last ~4000 years. These multi-scalar data are essential for the construction of appropriate mitigation strategies and further study of the remaining stratigraphy.

Through a Native Lens: American Indian Photography by Nicole Dawn Strathman

Reviewed by: Through a Native Lens: American Indian Photography by Nicole Dawn Strathman Audrey Goodman (bio) Through a Native Lens: American Indian Photography by Nicole Dawn Strathman University of Oklahoma Press, 2020 THROUGH A NATIVE LENS DEMONSTRATES the many ways that Native people in North America practiced photography, participated in image production and exchange, and integrated photographs into their communities. By design, it is not a comprehensive study. Instead, it offers a selective, well-paced overview of situations, practices, and interpretations of images made of Native subjects and/or by Native photographers between 1840 and 1940. It presents a clear critical framework or "rubric" for approaching both familiar and archival images, and the extensive illustrations in the book complicate and enrich existing published records and recent museum exhibitions. Rather than delve into the politics of repatriation, develop a sustained theoretical argument, or explore in detail the ongoing social lives of the images, the book realizes the value of the author's extensive archival research by concentrating on the conditions and contexts of image production. Strathman examines in detail how Indian subjects crafted their public personas and identities on many scales. With its wide range of visual materials, appealing design, high-quality reproductions, and clear structure, this informative and well-researched book is a pleasure to view and read. Strathman worked extensively in state, territorial, and tribal archives, including the Autry National Center's Braun Research Library, the National Anthropological Archives, the Oklahoma Historical Society, the American Heritage Center, the University of Wyoming, the Yukon Archives, and the Cherokee National Archives. The book shares her discoveries through narrative sketches of each photographer's experience. Divided into two parts, "Native Participants" and "Native Practitioners," the book distinguishes between the agency exercised by subjects and that exercised by creators. Within those parts, each chapter assembles topics, figures, and visual materials according to the degree of the subject's public notoriety or the photographer's professional expertise. It reports on the origin and status of each archival collection and invites readers to view, interpret, and delight in the array of photographs on display. The book contends that Native subjects and photographers "used photography to assert their right of self-representation," whether through small [End Page 154] gestures of resistance visible in the photographs themselves, negotiations for payment, or running a successful studio (179). Part I advances this claim through discussions of leaders such as Red Cloud (Oglala), the Hawaiian royal family, and Sarah Winnemucca (Paiute), each of whom used portrait photography to craft political strategies and public personas. Other examples reveal how Native people negotiated with non-Native photographers to control the production and circulation of images: at times they restricted the events that outsiders could photograph, or adapted rituals to make only secular elements visible, or chose whether to admit a photographer to witness and record family life. While many of the images reproduced in this section will be familiar to readers, they continue to command attention and have a cumulative power. The most original and rewarding chapters of the book are found in Part II, where Strathman explores a broad cross-section of practices by semi-professional and amateur Native photographers: visual ethnographers and collectors such as Louis Shotridge (Yeilgooxu); Bureau of Indian Affairs employee Richard Throssel (Crow/Scottish/adopted Cree); Benjamin Haldane (Tsimshian), owner of a photography studio in Metlakatla, Alaska; Jennie Ross Cobb (Cherokee), whose archive flaunts the confidence, independence, and personal style of young Cherokee women during the Progressive era; and George Hunt (Tlingit/British), whose snapshots convey the Tlingit community's pride in hunting and other rituals. For each, Strathman deftly assesses the archive, probes the limits of the historical record, teases out stylistic and rhetorical contrasts between the Native photographers and their mentors, and summarizes the political, commercial, and cultural pressures of each location and moment. Through a Native Lens is a fascinating and beautifully produced record of Native photography as a diverse enterprise. As Strathman writes in the conclusion, "There is no single Native American way of practicing photography but, instead, multiple photographies" (177). The study is a substantial contribution to recent and ongoing appraisals and revisions of Native photographic histories by a diverse group of...

Some Indigenous Perspectives on Artifact Collecting and Archaeologist–Collector Collaboration

AbstractThis article attempts to bring Indigenous voices into the ongoing conversation about collecting practices and the archaeological record. The issue editors solicited responses to open-ended questions about those subjects from members of their own and issue contributors' networks of Indigenous collaborators and contacts. Alan D. Kelley (Deputy Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska), Angela J. Neller (Curator, Wanapum Heritage Center, Washington), and Carlton Shield Chief Gover (PhD student in archaeology at the University of Colorado and member of the Skiri Band of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma) offered the answers reported here. We do not pretend to reflect the innumerable and highly varied Indigenous perspectives on the collection of their ancestors' material culture, but we do hope to plant the seeds of a more inclusive conversation than has been the norm in archaeology.

Understanding the Quadruple Flutes of Teotihuacan, Mexico

This paper presents the results of a study on the quadruple flutes (multiple pipes) from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre of Teotihuacan, Mexico, based on a thorough examination of the fragmented, restored and partly reconstructed archaeological finds and the manufacture and subsequent test of a series of playable reproductions with a refined reconstructive design. For the latter, organological features, such as the diameter, number and position of the fingerholes/tone holes and the length of the individual pipes of the restored finds are challenged and a new design is proposed that might be closer to the original construction of the Teotihuacan instruments. The study reveals a better understanding of the particular construction, acoustics and musical possibilities of the Teotihuacan quadruple flutes.

William Booth: The Man and His Mission, The Life and Legacy of William Booth, Part I: 1829–1878 and William Booth: The General and His Army, The Life and Legacy of William Booth, Part II: 1878–2015

William Booth (1829–1912), founder and first General of the Salvation Army, left an indelible mark on the religious and social life of the late nineteenth century. Born in 1829 in Sneinton, near Nottingham, Booth became a Wesleyan Methodist local preacher in his teens, an evangelist with the Wesleyan Reformers in his early twenties, and then a minister of the Methodist New Connexion for eight years before resigning in 1862 to pursue the calling of a freelance revivalist with his wife and fellow preacher Catherine, née Mumford (1829–90). From 1865 the Booths were based in the East End of London, seeking to reach the unchurched urban masses with a forceful gospel message. Their East London Revival Society evolved by stages into the Salvation Army, launched in 1878, with its flags, its uniforms, its brass bands, and its military terminology—and its deliberate eschewing of ecclesiastical language, structures, and sacraments. Over the next three decades Booth saw the Army become an international movement, with a strong presence in North America and Australasia, as well as Continental Europe. After years of strenuous opposition from local authorities and from the ‘Skeleton Army’ of urban ne'er-do-wells, Booth attained the status of a celebrity, visiting Buckingham Palace, conversing with the Emperor of Japan, leading prayers in the United States Senate, and receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. His methods were discussed in the Contemporary Review in 1882 by Randall Davidson and Cardinal Henry Edward Manning, and his proposals for social reform, set out in his In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890), were debated by public intellectuals like H. M. Hyndman and T. H. Huxley. When he died, Booth lay in state for four days before a funeral service at Olympia attended by an estimated 35,000 people and a procession to Abney Park cemetery headed by thirty-six bands. The General's absolute control over the Salvation Army was demonstrated by his bequest of leadership to his eldest son Bramwell; seventeen years later the Army's High Council removed the ailing Bramwell from office, although members of the Booth family remained in senior leadership for many decades thereafter.Gordon Taylor served for twenty-three years with the Salvation Army's International Heritage Centre, and was senior researcher, archivist, and associate director there. His unrivalled knowledge of the Salvation Army's archives and his indefatigable trawling through nineteenth-century newspapers have produced a monumental study of William Booth's long life, falling only just short of 1,000 pages. As a narrative, the biography is hugely informative, highly readable, and enhanced by well-produced photographs of the Booth family and significant places in the story. As indicated by the title of the second volume, Taylor continues the narrative into the twenty-first century, describing anniversary commemorations and biographies by Harold Begbie, St John Ervine, Roy Hattersley, and David Bennett. Taylor even notes the naming of a peak near Alberta, Canada, Mount William Booth in 1966.In terms of descriptive detail and thoroughness, this biography offers all that the reader might desire and more. This reviewer was intrigued to find the Booths' work endorsed by such Wesleyan luminaries as George Osborn, J. H. Rigg, and T. P. Bunting, as well as Hugh Price Hughes and Henry Lunn. Financial support came from Henry Reed, a lay Wesleyan who made a fortune in Tasmania, and from William Shepherd Allen, member of Parliament and scourge of theological liberalism. There are questions still to be explored: for example, why revivalism polarized opinion in most of the Methodist denominations in the mid- nineteenth century, so that the Wesleyans, the New Connexion, and the Primitive Methodists closed their pulpits to freelance revivalists; why the Salvation Army provoked such ferocious opposition, not only in the East End of London, but also in provincial towns like Basingstoke and Northampton; and to what extent the Army succeeded in its aim of reaching the ‘submerged tenth’ of the urban population. Likewise, the Booths' debt to Methodism, whether to John Wesley or to later iterations of Wesleyan theology and practice, both British and North American, continues to invite investigation. These issues are not discussed in any detail here, but Gordon Taylor has provided a rich and comprehensively annotated biographical resource that will place scholars of Victorian religion in his debt for many years to come.

Astronomical observatories included in the UNESCO World Heritage List

The article analyses the World Heritage Center activities in the implementation of the pilot project "Astronomy and World Heritage. Thematic Initiative", which was launched in 2003. As part of this project, in 2010, 2019 and in 2021 five objects, related to the astronomical heritage were added to the World Heritage List. However, a detailed study of the UNESCO World Heritage List shows, that it already contains astronomical heritage objects (usually historical observatories), which fit there as part of complex nominations, for example, centers of historical cities or groups of architectural structures, concentrated on historical and cultural territory. Examples of astronomical heritage sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List are described.

Interview with Incoming GODORT Chair: Robbie Sittel, Government Information Librarian, University of North Texas

Favorite Spot in Denton, TexasClear Creek Natural Heritage Center (https://www.cityofdenton.com/en-us/all-departments/quality-of-life/parks-recreation-(1)/parks-trails/clear-creek). I love Clear Creek because of the many natural environments it contains and how different it is from season to season. While walking the trails, I’ve seen snakes, deer, herons, all kinds of bugs in and among swamp, forest, and an upland prairie covered in wildflowers. All of this within a stone’s throw of town.Favorite Pastime/HobbyI like to try my hand at sewing. This year I’m attempting to sew Clarice Louisba Scott’s Shopper’s Coat (https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/ipd/apronsandkitchens/exhibits/show/the-bureau-of-home-economics/item/22).I’ve also expanded my efforts in developing a City Home Garden (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96642/). For anyone with a not-so-green thumb and a square foot of yard, I recommend planting okra. Everyday brings a small harvest, giving one a sense of resounding success as an urban farmer; plus, grilled okra is among the best summer foods.

The Bioethical Problems in Applying the Defense Production Act to Pharmaceuticals

The Bioethical Problems in Applying the Defense Production Act to Pharmaceuticals

Archives, Recordkeeping, and Social Justice

Archives, Recordkeeping, and Social Justice

Safeguarding civilization’s accomplishments

On the occasion of the 44th Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee that will take place in Fuzhou, China, I would like to extend sincere congratulations on its successful convening on behalf of the National Cultural Heritage Administration of China. I would also like to thank the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, the World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS and ICCROM, as well as their experts, for their continued attention, support and assistance to the development of cultural World Heritage sites in China.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC AND CIVIL IDENTITY AMONG REPRESENTATIVES OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NGO «CCN «TUULU ALTAI»)

In contemporary Russia, in the conditions of polyethnicity and multiculturalism, it becomes necessary to form civil and ethnic identities of its citizens. This problem is becoming one of the main directions of the state social policy of the Russian Federation, as there is an active migration within the country, which causes the relocation of Russian citizens from their native region. This circumstance prompted the authors of the article to turn to this topic. In the article, the authors reveal the importance of preserving the identity of the indigenous peoples of Altai (Altaians, Telengites, Tubalars, Kumandins and Chelkans) in the conditions of a large metropolis. They also present the historical facts of preserving their ethnic identity, emphasizing the importance for these peoples of obtaining a new status for their ancestral territory of residence in the 90s and being allocated to the national republic as part of the Russian Federation. They reveal the role of ethnic public organizations in the preservation and development of the culture, traditions and language of the Altai peoples, using the example of the activities of the NROO "TSKN "Tuulu Altai", as well as the formation of ethnic and civil identity in a multicultural society. The purpose of the article is a historical description (way of life, places of traditional residence, etc.) of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Altai and a description of the role and activities of the non-profit public organization "Tuulu Altai Cultural Heritage Center "for the formation of ethnic and civil identity among the representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Armenia. The scientific novelty of the provisions proposed in the article is to identify the features of the formation of ethnic and civil identity of representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Altai Republic living in Novosibirsk. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the materials of the article in organizing the activities of non-profit public organizations for the formation of ethnic and civic identity among young people.

Sonic Artefacts of Teotihuacan, Mexico (Horns, Trumpets and Pipes)

This paper presents the acoustic study of a sample of sonic artefacts, in particular a selection of wind instruments (horns, trumpets and pipes), from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre of Teotihuacan, Mexico, based on a thorough examination of the accessible and playable archaeological finds and the construction and subsequent test of a series of experimental models. Combined with the archaeological and iconographical information, the study helps to deduce information with regard to the urban settings in which these instruments might have been used. It also reveals some basic acoustic components of the music once performed in Teotihuacan.

#hoops #basketballhistory @Hoops_Heritage: examining possibilities for basketball heritage within the context of higher education, critical museology and digital redirections

ABSTRACT Until recently, investment into sport heritage in the United Kingdom has been sporadic, variable and inconsistent. This is particularly the case for sports conventionally not considered significant to popular national interest. In the UK, this classification extends to basketball. The situation is changing, and development of the nation's sport heritage is progressing. However, support for sport heritage cannot be guaranteed and continued efforts need to be individually and collectively made to advance its causes. Taking the development of the National Basketball Heritage Centre (NBHC) located at the University of Worcester in the United Kingdom as its focus, this paper interrogates how sport heritage practices and progress might align with the nexus of shifts in higher education (in which the NBHC resides), critical museology and digital redirections. This intersectional paradigm may yield exciting opportunities for sport heritage thought, production and action. Namely, by generating spaces of analysis, reforming modalities of production, and inspiring critical advocacy in representational praxis. Focusing on community identity and youth development, we envision the NBHC as a more than archival tome/ tomb, but as a site of transformative social inquiry that (virtually) connects the physical practices of the past with politics of the present and beyond.

Assessment of Citizen Perception: A Case Study of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Guimaraes, Portugal

This study explores a new method of service delivery in the public sector in Guimaraes, which is the UNESCO Heritage Centre. The primary reason for this effort is the paradigm shift in the public service sector, which has resulted in improved services in terms of quality and performance. The study was to evaluate the level of satisfaction citizens derive from the services provided to them. Innovative project for Solid waste management system was investigated in Guimaraes, Portugal. Data collection was done using a convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to collect primary data from citizens of Guimaraes. Quantitative techniques were used to analyze data. The findings of the study indicated that citizens of Guimaraes are more satisfied with the new and innovative method of service delivery as compared to the old conventional method. The study also revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between Public Service Delivery and Citizen Satisfaction. Findings may help improve public service delivery projects success rates.

IMPLEMENTASI PERAN STAKEHOLDERS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA (STUDI KASUS PADA KEPULAUAN BANDA)

Banda Islands, also known as the "Spice Islands", is a group of spice-producing islands located in central Maluku District. The Banda Islands are included in the UNESCO tentative list as the World Heritage Centre with the criteria (iv), (vi), (x). Banda islands are also included in the National Tourism Destination (DPN) Maluku province and one of the National Tourism Development Area of Indonesia (KPPN). Banda Islands as a tourist destination has been known for a long time because of the diversity of attractions. However, in its development, tourism in the Banda islands has not shown significant results in the last decade. The management of the Banda Islands tourism involves many actors both from the government, private and community sectors. This study was conducted to find out 1) the development of the Banda Islands Tourism Management, 2) identify the participating stakeholders, 3) know the role of each stakeholders and 4) describe the collaboration between stakeholders in Banda Islands Tourism Management. This research uses qualitative methods, primary data collection is done by observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The selection of respondents in the interview is determined purposive sampling based on consideration and capacity in the tourism management of Banda District. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis used to qualitatively describe the data obtained from the research site. The results shows that 1) Coordination between stakeholders has not been well so that the role of each stakeholder in tourism management has not shown maximum results, 2) The role of the private sector is too . so that the tourism development carried out by the public sector has not worked well.

Revival Egyptian Crafts and Handicrafts as a National Heritage Through the Interior Design of Heritage Centers in Bashayer Al-Khair projects

Handicrafts is still remained as a witness to the heritage of the country and the identity of the people یthe visual memory of the Egyptian people has been consisted from its heritage arts and its skilled makers. Throughout the history, Egypt has been renowned through its heritage arts and its skilled makers who have been creative in many fields یThe preservation of Egyptian heritage and craft from extinction and introduce Egypt to the whole world through the traditional crafts that characterize the different Egyptian provinces One of the main Goals of the strategy to supporting and welfare heritage crafts As an important part of the component of the cultural identity of the Egyptian character. The problem was the new urban communities that the state was currently interested in to developing slums as Pashayer Elkhair project which needs professional development and culture development as well as spatial development ی establishment of the heritage centers that Achieves the promotion of the crafts and handicrafts for the people of these regions, will makes use their human potential to produce creation and spread culture awareness. Handicrafts suffering from poor planning and marketing strategies as a result of intense competition ی which needs to provide creativity and innovation capabilities during specialized training workshops in each craft The research seeks to have designers leading the creativity process within these center, the exhibits which attached to the heritage center stimulate the movement of sales and purchases and the tourist attraction and ease access of these industries outside Egypt. Through the Scientific Analytical Approach and the Study of the interior design of the Heritage Centre and exhibition by using digital abstract we can Advancement Handicrafts Search can reach to the impediments that facing handicrafts and highlight the important role that the heritage centers play in reviving crafts and handicrafts. And take advantage of the wasted human potential of the residents of Bashayer Elkhair projectsی and creating a link between Craftsmen and consumers through exhibition that attached to the canters.

Neolithic to Bronze Age economy and animal management revealed using analyses lipid residues of pottery vessels and faunal remains at El Portalón de Cueva Mayor (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)

El Portalón de Cueva Mayor located in the UNESCO World Heritage Centre of Atapuerca, is a unique reference Late Prehistory archaeological site in the Iberian Peninsula, covering some 7 kyr of Holocene occupations. Herein we present the study of lipid residue analyses from 108 pottery sherds coupled with faunal kill-off patterns from the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods to gain new insights into natural product exploitation and animal management. The molecular and isotopic analyses of lipid extracts provide evidence for the use of carcass and dairy products at the site. The construction of kill-off profiles for the ovicaprids (sheep/goat) and bovines (cattle) provide complementary insights into animal management at the site, suggesting that both bovines and ovicaprids were exploited for their milk. The diachronic evolution of identified products show no major variations in livestock husbandry or diet due to cultural or environmental change. Changing uses and different activities at the cave over time (domestic, funerary, etc.) are likely responsible for the subtle differences identified in the results. This study provides the first insights into human subsistence strategies through time at El Portalón de Cueva Mayor.

PANDEMIC AND GENERAL TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF WORLD TOURISM

Tourism is one of the most important fields of the world economy. In recent years, world tourism has been a direction of special priority and the attention to it has increased considerably. The importance of tourism to the World Heritage was gradually increasing, which changed both opportunities and danger. The World Heritage Center was tasked with developing a solid World Heritage Tourism Development Program. The purpose of this program is to help the World Heritage Committee and the management of the facilities use tourism as a positive factor in preserving the world heritage and mitigating the expected threats. Although there are suitable environmental conditions for the development of tourism in the world, it is significantly affected by such risks as: climate, natural disasters, political situation, various viruses, pandemics, etc. This kind of risk that fundamentally changed tourism around the world today is COVID-19, to which our article is dedicated.

Planning Concept of Lalebbata: Combining Heritage, Policy and Participation

Palopo City is a member of the Indonesian Heritage City Network (JKPI) and has been directed by the government as a Heritage City. Lalebbata is an important space in the history of Palopo City. In this area, the pulse of the economy, socio-culture and religiosity of the Palopo people begins. The intertwining of these three aspects is symbolized by the existence of the market – as the center of crowds, the Kedatuan Palace of Luwu and the Old Mosque of Palopo City. Lalebata as one of the historical areas needs efforts to be structured as an effort to revive activities in this area as well as as an effort to protect, including controlling the development of the area so as not to lose its historical identity. The Regional Regulation of the City of Palopo on Cultural Heritage mandates that the spatial pattern of the Cultural Conservation Area is stipulated in the Batupasi Sub-District. The management plan for this cultural heritage area includes the revitalization of cultural heritage, as well as the preservation and maintenance of historical buildings as well as being directed as a Trade and Service Allocation Area, particularly as a shopping center and public open space. This paper aims to produce a planning concept and arrangement of the Lalebbata Area in Batupasi as a Center of Heritage as well as a public space in Palopo City. The method used is a participatory approach to the residents living around the site, to explore potential and problems, as well as to review policies related to planning and arrangement that will be carried out. The result of this paper is the area planning concept by dividing the area into several functions such as commercial space, public and pedestrian space, green area/parks/sclupture, plaza, exhibition space and museum.

Digital opportunities for feminist film historiography

This paper discusses some of the key methodological challenges emerging from the AHRC project Reframing Vivien Leigh: Stardom, Archives and Access, led by PI Dr. Lisa Stead at the University of Exeter. This twenty-month project examined how the legacies of screen star Vivien Leigh are archived and curated by a range of public institutions in the South West of England, taking audiences behind the scenes of local archives and museums. The paper reflects on how researching within rural heritage centres and volunteer run archives encourages the introduction of new voices and new case studies within women’s film history, by encompassing the archival labour of a network of volunteers, amateurs and professionals within a broader heritage sector whose historical actions and choices produce alternative kinds of women’s film history. It reflects in turn on the challenge involved in finding new ways to present these histories in interactive, digital and physical forms for audiences beyond the academy and to make meaningful impact from this kind of research.