Herd Horses Research Articles

EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF HORSE MEAT AND KOUMISS FROM THE KAZAKH HORSES OF THE ADAI OFFSPRING

Kazakh horses of the Adai offspring are the standard of herd horses in the desert zone of the Mangyshlak Peninsula. They perfectly adapt to the area of their reproduction, hardy to long-distance driving to various pastures. With an insignificant expenditure of labor and money, young Adai horses reach 340-350 kg of live weight by the age of 2.5 years. When slaughtering stallions, the carcass weight reaches 185-195 kg. High-milk mares for 105 days of lactation produce from 590 liters to 675 liters of marketable milk. The rates of slaughter yield in Adai young stock were also comparatively lower than that of stallions of the Mangystau population and averaged to 53.9 %, while the rate of slaughter yield in horses of the Mangistau population was 55.1 %. When studying the dairy productivity of both groups of mares, it was found that mares of the Adai offspring have higher dairy productivity than the Mangistau population under pasture conditions. Over 105 days of lactation, the milking capacity of the mares of the Adai offspring was 1617.0 liters, in the Mangistau population it was 1413.3 liters, and commercial milk yield was 674.1 and 590.1 liters, respectively. Thus, the yield of the Adai mares exceeds by 14.2 % or 84.0 liters in comparison with the Mangistau population. Profitability in the horse meat production reaches from 70 % to 74 % and in koumiss production – 13.9-16.9 %.

Оценка качественного и количественного соотношения линий в маточном поголовье лошадей новоалтайской породы в Республике Алтай по состоянию на 2018 год

Abstract. One of the most important and promising areas of domestic productive horse breeding today is herd meat. It is most sustainable and has a positive trend of development, due to the low-cost technology of keeping, breeding and growing, compared with other sectors of grazing. An analysis of the pedigree structure of herds in the Altai Republic showed that the main role in the herd horse breeding of the region is given to horses of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of meat direction of productivity, the basis of which, like any other factory breed, are brood mares. It is well known and repeatedly confirmed by studies that the hereditary and phenotypic properties of the mother have a great impact on the quality of the offspring of any lineage. The aim of the study was to determine the severity of the uterine composition of Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses of economically useful traits and to identify the most promising and valuable breed lineages in the Altai Republic. Methods. The lineage ratios in the broodstock of horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the farms of the region as of 2018 are analyzed. The characteristics of the uterus of various lineages by age and quantity are given. A linear analysis of the indicators of the main economically useful features is carried out. The results of the study showed the superiority of the uterus of the Rekrut and Mech lineages in the main breeding traits – live weight, basic measurements and assessment of conformation. Based on the results of the study, the further direction of breeding work to improve the horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the Altai Republic was determined. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative analysis of the current state of the lineages of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses in the context of the broodstock of the Altai Republic.

Kazakh tea ceremony: traditions and innovations

Today it is impossible to imagine the Kazakh meal without tea. However, it entered the everyday life of the Kazakhs relatively recently. For centuries, the basis of the life of the Kazakhs was nomadic transhumance cattle breeding, in which sheep and herd horse breeding prevailed. This type of economy for a long time determined the specificity of the somewhat monotonous Kazakh cuisine, which was based mainly on the use of meat and milk, as well as a small number of grain products, in particular millet. However, from the end of the XVIII century. Fundamentalchanges in the political and, as a result, economic life of the Kazakhs began. They entailed a process of settling on the land, more frequent contacts with neighboring nations; In the Kazakh diet began numerous borrowings and distribution of new products. Purpose of the study аt the end of XIX century in the diet of the Kazakhs, along with the name (the Kazakhs call it shai) tea is firmly entered. Key words: tea, cattle breeding, diet of the Kazakhs, meat and milk, economic life of the Kazakhs.

A Method for Enhancing the Efficacy of Vaccination and Reducing the Frequency of Infectious Abortion in Herd Horse Breeding

A Method for Enhancing the Efficacy of Vaccination and Reducing the Frequency of Infectious Abortion in Herd Horse Breeding

A way to increase the effectiveness of vaccination against infectious abortion in the herd horse breeding

Studied the possibility of using Sakhabactisubtil probiotic based on strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis c zeolite to enhance the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against equine rhinopneumonitis, and the Salmonella abortion horses herd keeping. At the end of the experience in the month of March experienced group of pregnant mares is considered in comparison with the control showed a higher content of representatives of the normal intestinal microflora – bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus and spore-bearing aerobic bacteria. Vaccinated mares is adjusted disrupted gut microbiota, promotes the immunobiological responsiveness of the body. As a result, the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines is increased by 12.1%.

New aspects of non-waste use of secondary raw materials of horse breeding in Yakutia

In the diet of the population of Yakutia, the meat of 6-month-old and local herd horses is especially valued for its high nutritive value, excellent taste and dietary properties. In addition to meat, a number of other slaughter products, such as by-products, intestinal raw materials, internal fat, blood, etc., can be received during primary processing. Many of them are not fully used. The relevance of this work is to study the possibilities of waste-free use of the Yakut horse products. Biochemical investigation of the composition of the secondary products of slaughter (fat, blood, by-products, intestinal raw materials) was carried out, a concentrate from the internal fat of foals and dry blood were obtained. The inner fat of the Yakut horse in terms of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) exceeded the PUFA level in subcutaneous fat. The content of linoleic acid was 10.91-12.25%. A low-temperature method for recovering fat has been tested, a fat-containing feed with a PUFA content of about 23% has been obtained. Slaughter blood is a high-value raw material for the production of functional food products as a source of iron, amino acids and other components. The iron content in the blood dried in the infrared dryer fluctuated in insignificant limits from 216.8 to 242.0 mg/kg that indicated a stable level of provision of horses with this trace element. The protein level in the dry blood of mature mares (8-19 years) was 87%. The results of the study of young offspring of the Yakut horse showed that such offal of the first category as liver, heart, kidneys were rich in protein (from 19.1±0.1 to 22.0±0.1%). The esophagus was high in fat (22.3±0.1%). The stomach and intestines were characterized by high ash content (from 3.2±0.2 to 8.0±0.7%).

新疆昭苏县马胃蝇蛆病感染调查

笔者对新疆昭苏县部分散养马进行驱虫，于2016年5月进行散养马驱虫保健工作，采集马匹粪便中的马胃蝇幼虫，明确马胃蝇感染强度，对马匹进行伊维菌素药物驱虫，并对粪便中获得的蝇蛆幼虫进行保存、鉴定及统计。结果显示，新疆昭苏县散养马携带有4种胃蝇，分别为红尾胃蝇(Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis)、肠胃蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、鼻胃蝇(Gasterophilus nasalis)、兽胃蝇(Gasterophilus pecorum)，感染强度依次为兽胃蝇(70%)、红尾胃蝇(46.67%)、鼻胃蝇(23.33%)、肠胃蝇(13.33%)。说明昭苏县散养马有不同程度的马胃蝇蛆感染情况，且多表现为混合感染。 Deworming was done for the herding horse in Zhaosu County. The herding horses were expelling parasites in May 2016 then collected Gasterophilus spp. larvae from the fecal of horses to known the infective intensity of Gasterophilus spp. Horses were dewormed using ivermectin and collected the Gasterophilus to conserve, authenticate and statistic. The result showed that herding horse in Zhaosu carried 4 Gasterophilus, Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gaste-rophilus nasalis and Gasterophilus pecorum. The infective intensity was 70% of G. pecorum, 46.67% of G. haemorrhoidalis, 23.33% of G. nasalis and 13.33% of G.intestinalis respect. It means that the herd horse in Zhaosu has a varying degree infection of Gasterophilus and presents almost mixed infection.

PREVENTION OF THE STRONGYLATOSIS INVASION OF THE HORSE HERDS IN WESTERN YAKUTIA

Yakutia is a region with a very high incidence of invasive diseases of animals. Currently the infectiousness of adult livestock of herd horses in Yakutia by helminths and larvae of gastrointestinal gadflies goes up to 100%, and the species composition is represented by 49 species of helminths. Diseases caused by worms bring economic damages to horse breeding. One of the serious problems of horse breeding is still a significant infectiousness of horses by parasitic nematodes of the Stronqylidae family.