Herbal Tea Research Articles

Tea intake and total body bone mineral density of all ages: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

There is increasing evidence indicating that tea intake affects bone mineral density levels; however, the causality between tea intake and bone mineral density is inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between tea intake and total body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We conducted a two-sample MR approach to estimate the potential causal effects of tea intake on TB-BMD at all ages in a European population. The analyses were performed using summary statistics obtained for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of tea intake (N = up to 447,485 individuals) and from the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium's genome-wide association meta-analysis (N = up to 56,284 individuals), with baseline data collected in 2018 and populations derived from the European ancestry. The association between each SNP and TB-BMD was weighted by its association with tea intake, and estimates were combined mainly using an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, we explored the potential causal effects between green tea intake, herbal tea intake, and TB-BMD. The MR analysis revealed that genetically determined tea intake exerts a causal impact on TB-BMD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.204 (95% CI: 1.062-1.366, p = 0.004), especially in the age group of 45-60 years (OR = 1.360, 95% CI: 1.088-1.700, p = 0.007). No horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were observed. However, there was no causal effect of tea intake on TB-BMD in the age groups of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and over 60 years. In the subgroup analysis, when green tea intake was regarded as the exposure factor, no salient associations were found between green tea consumption and TB-BMD (IVW p = 0.368). Similarly, there was also no causal association between herbal tea intake and TB-BMD (IVW p = 0.264). The findings of this study support the evidence that tea consumption increases bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis in the age group of 45-60 years within the European population.

The Effect of Manalagi Apple Peel Addition on the Quality of Celery Herbal Tea

Herbal tea is a refreshing drink made from dried leaves, flowers, seeds, fruit, wood, and other plants that have health benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio effect of celery with manalagi apple peel and drying time, to produce the best celery herbal tea. This study was designed using a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors: the ratio of celery with apple peel [100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100] and drying time [2, 3, 4 hours] at 50 oC. The parameters analysed were moisture content, vitamin C content, total phenol, color, and organoleptic values (aroma, and general acceptance). The parameter observed for the best quality samples was antioxidant content. The results showed that the ratio of celery with manalagi apple peel had a highly significant effect on color oHue, aroma, and general acceptance of organoleptic. The drying time of teas had a highly significant effect on vitamin C content. The interaction of the ratio had a significant effect on the color value (L) and a highly significant effect on total phenol. The results showed that the first and the second factors had a highly significant effect on moisture content, total phenol, and color value (L). The choice of drying method can influence the final quality of the tea, making it important to select the appropriate technique.

Pengaruh Harga dan Rasa terhadap Preferensi Konsumen Teh Kulit Buah Naga di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Banyuwangi district has a high productivity of dragon fruit and is a superior horticultural agricultural commodity. One of the areas in Banyuwangi district that has great potential in cultivating dragon fruit is Jambewangi Village. A rich harvest will cause a surplus of dragon fruit on the market, lowering the sale price. During this time, the dragon fruit was eaten, and only the meat was processed, while the fruit's skin was not optimally utilized. The researchers wanted to create an innovation such as a product of herbal tea leather fruit. The research aimed to know and analyze consumers' preferences for the new product of Jambewangi village. This research was conducted from June until September 2023. The variables used in this study are price and taste. The research uses a quantitative approach by using a 1-5 Likert scale questionnaire in the tourist and culinary areas of Banyuwangi District. The sampling approach used is simple random sampling. The data is 32 culinary tourists. The data obtained will be analyzed through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and linear regression tests. The results of this study showed that there is a significant influence between price and taste on consumer preferences, with the F value counting of 16,784 > F table 3.30, so it is understood that when price variables and taste increase together, then the variable of consumers preference also increases, on the contrary, when the price variable and taste decreases. Consumers' preference variables also experience a decrease.

Significant differences in usage of antibiotics in three Chinese cities measured by wastewater-based epidemiology

Antibiotic use, particularly inappropriate use by irrational prescribing or over-the-counter purchases, is of great concern for China as it facilitates the spread of antibiotic resistances. In this study, we applied wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to monitor the total consumption of eight common antibiotics in three cities in northern, eastern and southern China. Wastewater samples were successively collected from 17 wastewater treatment plants including weekdays and weekends spanning four seasons between 2019 and 2021. The concentration of antibiotics and their corresponding metabolites showed a significant correlation, confirming the measured antibiotics were actually consumed. Different seasonal trends in antibiotic use were found among the cities. It was more prevalent in the winter in the northern city Beijing, with the high antibiotic consumption attributed to peak influenza occurrence in the city. This is clear evidence of irrational prescription of antibiotics since it's known that antibiotics do little to treat influenza. In terms of overall consumption, Foshan is significantly lower, thanks to warmer climate and higher use of herbal tea as a prevention measure. WBE estimates of antibiotic consumption were relatively comparable with other data sources, with azithromycin as the top antibiotic measured here. The studied cities had higher WBE estimated antibiotics consumption than results of previous studies in the literature. Monitoring antibiotic use in different areas and periods through WBE in combination with complementary information, can better inform appropriate antibiotic guideline policies in various regions and nations.

Avocado leaf‐waste management: drying technology and quality of leaf herbal teas of different varieties cultivated in the Mediterranean area

SummaryAvocado production is globally increasing, and wastes and by‐products are becoming an emergent problem for its sustainability. The research aims to valorise the avocado waste leaves, giving them new challenges and opportunities in the herbal tea sector. In this regard, leaves of different avocado varieties cultivated in the Mediterranean area and different drying technologies were considered for the preparation of herbal teas; chemical and sensory analyses have been carried out. The results demonstrated differences in the composition, antioxidant activity, aroma volatiles, sensory features, and thus on the consumers' acceptability of the avocado herbal teas in relation to the variety and the drying technology. Herbal teas prepared with microwave‐dried leaves of Fuerte and Bacon varieties were the most appreciated by consumers for their sweet taste and anise‐like odour. The data showed the possibility of using avocado leaf waste for new herbal teas, evidencing the influence of the drying technology and variety on the functional and sensory features of the developed product. In this context, the approach here applied resulted fundamental to orientate the development of new sustainable and healthy herbal tea that meets consumers' demands.

Habitat potential modelling and the effect of climate change on the current and future distribution of three Thymus species in Iran using MaxEnt

Over the course of a few decades, climate change has caused a rapid and alarming reshaping of species habitats, resulting in mass extinction, particularly among sensitive species. In order to investigate the effects of climate change on species distribution and assess habitat suitability, researchers have developed species distribution models (SDMs) that estimate present and future species distribution. In West Asia, thyme species such as T. fedtschenkoi, T. pubescens, and T. transcaucasicus are rich in thymol and carvacrol, and are commonly used as herbal tea, spice, flavoring agents, and medicinal plants. This study aims to model the distribution of these Thymus species in Iran using the MaxEnt model under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for the years 2050 and 2070. The objective is to identify the crucial bioclimatic (n = 5), edaphic (n = 1), and topographic (n = 3) variables that influence their distribution and predict how their distribution might change under various climate scenarios. The findings reveal that the most significant variable affecting T. fedtschenkoi and T. pubescens is altitude, while soil organic carbon content is the primary factor influencing the distribution of T. transcaucasicus. The MaxEnt modeling demonstrates excellent performance, as indicated by all the area under the curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.9. Based on the projections, it is expected that these three thyme species will experience negative area changes in the coming years. These results can serve as a valuable tool for developing adaptive management strategies aimed at enhancing protection and sustainable utilization in the context of global climate change. Special attention should be given to conserving T. fedtschenkoi, T. pubescens, and T. transcaucasicus due to their significant habitat loss in the future.

Chiral HPLC-MS/MS determination of hyoscyamine enantiomers in baby herbal infusions after preconcentration with sulfonic HMS mesostructured silica synthesized by co-condensation

Tropane alkaloids are considered a major food safety issue in recent years, due to their worrying appearance in many foods, such as herbal infusions, usually due to cross-contamination with weeds during harvest. (−)-Hyoscyamine is synthesized by tropane alkaloids-producing plants and its ingestion can cause all types of disorders in humans. Its enantiomerization occurs easily over time, so the inactive (+)-hyoscyamine can be found in foods in variable proportions. Therefore, the goal of the current work was to develop a chiral high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the enantiomeric determination of (−)- and (+)-hyoscyamine. Chromatographic separation was optimized, and the best chiral resolution (Rs = 1.59) was achieved in 6.5 min with a Chiralpak® AY-3 polysaccharide-based stationary phase column using ethanol with 0.05 % diethylamine as mobile phase. For the preconcentration of the sample, two types of mesostructured silicas with sulfonic groups were synthesized, by grafting and co-condensation methods, and characterized. The materials were evaluated as sorbents for strong-cation exchange solid-phase extraction of hyoscyamine in baby herbal infusions. Based on the findings gathered, silica denoted as HMS-SO3−(co) was the best sorbent due to the high number of functional groups attached to silica (2.63 mmol/g) and its textural properties. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factor obtained was 167, using only 50 mg of the material, and a very low racemization of the (−)-hyoscyamine to the (+) enantiomer was found (<20 %). The method was validated with recoveries of 94–99 %, good linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 20 %), no matrix effect for both analytes and low method quantification limit (0.089 µg/L and 0.092 µg/L for (+)-hyoscyamine and (−)-hyoscyamine, respectively) to meet its applicability in monitoring real samples. Two types of herbal teas for babies (instant and teabags) were analyzed with the developed methodology. Two of the instantaneous infusions analysed were contaminated, one of them with 0.21 µg/L of (−)-hyoscyamine and 0.09 µg/L of (+)-hyoscyamine (ratio 70(−)/30(+)) and the other with 0.075 µg/L of (−)-hyoscyamine (the (+)- enantiomer was below the limit of quantification of the method). Taking these results into account, it is important to evaluate the content of hyoscyamine enantiomers in the infusions to avoid overestimation of (−)-hyoscyamine exposure.

Comparative Evaluation of the Diuretic Activity of Infusions of Four Species of the Genus Astragalus (&lt;i&gt;Astragalus&lt;/i&gt; L.) in the Experiment

Introduction. Astragalus L. is the largest genus of the Fabaceae family and one of the largest genera of vascular plants on Earth. The official type of raw material included in the 7th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia is Radix Astragali – the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. Extracts obtained from astragalus root have anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, diuretic effects. In traditional medicine, the herb of Astragalus dasyanthus Pall. is actively used. An infusion of the herb of Astragali dasyanthi has sedative, hypotensive and diuretic effects. However, the raw material is not official and is not included in the list of plant raw materials of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition. Promising species of the genus Astragalus L. can be not Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and Astragalus dasyanthus Pall., but also other species, for example, Astragalus varius S.G. Gmel., Astragalus testiculatus Pall., Astragalus henningii (Stev.) Klok., which are widespread in the Saratov region. In view of the available data on the presence of the herb of Astragalus dasyanthus Pall. and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge of the diuretic effect, it is of interest to study the diuresis of extracts from the herb of other species of the genus Astragalus L.Aim. To study the diuretic activity of infusions from the herb of four types of astragalus: Astragalus dasyanthus, Astragalus varius, Astragalus testiculatus, Astragalus henningii in 4- and 24-hour experiments on male rats.Materials and methods. The study of the diuretic activity of aqueous extracts from the herb of four types of Astragalus was performed on 42 white male rats, which were divided into 6 experimental and control groups of 6 animals. Aqueous extracts from Astragalus herb were prepared in the ratio of raw material-extractant 1:10, all obtained infusions met the requirements for these dosage forms according to the General Pharmacopoeia of the State Fund of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition. Aqueous extracts were administered to animals intragastrically through an umbrella at a dose of 100 mg/kg. During the experiment were collected 4-hour and 24-hour portions of urine. The comparison drug in the 4-hour experiment was furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg, and in the 24-hour experiment, hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Results and discussion. As a result of the experiment, the diuretic effect of the infusion of the herb of Astragalus dasyanthus both in the 4-hour experiment and in the 24-hour experiment. Also in both experiments, the most pronounced diuretic effect was found in the infusion of the herb of Astragalus henningii at a dose of 100 mg/kg compared with herb infusions Astragalus dasyanthus, Astragalus varius. Diuretic effect Astragalus henningii exceeded the diuretic activity of furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg, while a comparable effect was observed with hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Diuretic effect of herbal infusion Astragalus varius in a 4-hour experiment exceeded the diuretic effect of herb infusion Astragalus dasyanthus and furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg, and in a 24-hour experiment comparable to the diuretic effect of herb infusion Astragalus dasyanthus, but lower than that of hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 20 mg/kg and herb infusion Astragalus henningii. Diuretic effect of herbal infusion Astragalus testiculatus at a dose of 100 mg/kg was not detected both in the 4-hour and in the 24-hour period. The diuretic activity of the group that received the infusion of the herb of Astragalus testiculatus was at the level of the control group, compared with other experimental groups, a statistically significant decrease in diuresis was observed in animals.Conclusion. The experiment confirmed the diuretic effect of the infusion of the herb of Astragalus dasyanthus and for the first time discovered the diuretic effect of the infusion of the herb of Astragalus varius and the infusion of the herb of Astragalus henningii. Among the studied infusions, the most pronounced diuretic effect was observed in Astragalus henningii herb infusion. The diuretic effect of Astragalus varius infusion is higher than that of Astragalus dasyanthus infusion. in a 4-hour experiment and did not differ in effectiveness from the infusion of the herb of Astragalus dasyanthus in a 24 hour experiment. The diuretic effect of the infusion of the herb astragalus oviparous was not revealed.

Menggali Potensi Tanaman Herbal Sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Hipertensi

This activity (PKM) aims to provide education to the community regarding herbal medicine for hypertension at Posyandu Anggrek 4 Sukamandi Village which was held on 26 August 2023. This activity is one of the prevention efforts related to hypertension which is increasing in rural areas. The participants of this PKM are the people of Dusun 4 Sukamandi Village, totaling 30 people. This activity was carried out offline by using lecture, question and answer and student demonstration methods related to how to make alternative herbal drinks for the prevention of hypertension. Herbal plants used as an alternative treatment for hypertension are pandan leaves and celery. For plant processing, it is done by boiling the plant with a time of around 3-5 minutes. This activity aims to provide education about the prevention of hypertension in the community, with this counselling activity there is a significant increase in community knowledge with an average score of 42.00 suggestions for this activity are the involvement of other partners as supporters still need to be improved. In addition, the time for implementing activities needs to be increased so that the objectives of the activity can be fully achieved.

Pelatihan Packaging Teh Herbal dari Bahan Alam Desa Namo Sialang Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara

This community service program aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Women in Namo Sialang Village, packaging herbal tea products produced by processing natural ingredients like rose, tawar and sembur (made from special spices and herbs from the community). The method for implementing this service used participatory training with activities including socialization and assistance with product packaging. The number of participants involved was 20, consisting of a Women Group named "NandeTa". The evaluation instrument used in this activity was a questionnaire, which was analyzed descriptively. The results of the service showed that there had been an increase in the knowledge and skills of "NandeTa" in packaging the herbal tea that had been produced. Apart from that, "NandeTa" also became aware that packaging was one attraction that stimulates consumer buying interest, especially in tourist areas.

Levels, Toxic Effects, and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods: A Review.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants. To date, more than 660 types of PAs have been identified from an estimated 6000 plants, and approximately 120 of these PAs are hepatotoxic. As a result of PAs being found in spices, herbal teas, honey, and milk, PAs are considered contaminants in foods, posing a potential risk to human health. Here, we summarize the chemical structure, toxic effects, levels, and regulation of PAs in different countries to provide a better understanding of their toxicity and risk assessment. With recent research on the risk assessment of PAs, this review also discusses the challenges facing this field, aiming to provide a scientific basis for PA toxicity research and safety assessment.

Hypolipidemic and Antithrombotic Effect of 6'-O-Caffeoylarbutin from Vaccinium dunalianum Based on Zebrafish Model, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking.

Vaccinium dunalianum leaf buds make one of the most commonly used herbal teas of the Yi people in China, which is used to treat articular rheumatism, relax tendons, and stimulates blood circulation in the body. In addition, 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin (CA) is a standardized extract of V. dunalianum, which has been found in dried leaf buds, reaching levels of up to 31.76%. Because of the uncommon phenomenon, it is suggested that CA may have a potential therapeutic role in hyperlipidemia and thrombosis. This study was designed to study the efficacy of CA on treating hyperlipidemia and thrombosis and the possible mechanisms behind these effects. Hyperlipidemia and thrombosis zebrafish models were treated with CA to observe variations of the integrated optical density within the vessels and the intensity of erythrocyte staining within the hearts. The possible mechanisms were explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results demonstrate that CA exhibits an excellent hypolipidemic effect on zebrafish at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 30.0 μg/mL and shows thrombosis inhibitory activity in zebrafish at a concentration of 30.0 μg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 44%. Moreover, network pharmacological research shows that MMP9, RELA, MMP2, PRKCA, HSP90AA1, and APP are major targets of CA for therapy of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis, and may relate to pathways in cancer, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, estrogen signaling pathway, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.

Critical Review of Phanta Kalpana and Phytochemical Comparison of Panchakola Phanta with Panchakola Kashaya

Phanta Kalpana, the process of herbal hot infusion is one of the five fundamental Ayurvedic preparations. A unique Kalpana is specifically mentioned for those with a minor illness, little strength, and younger age. However, this Kalpana is not widely utilizing because of the unavailability of scientific data and uncertainty about its action. Even though it is a simple Kalpana while analyzing available references numerous differences were determined among Ayurvedic classics. Differences of opinion or expression of comments noted in drug to water ratio, order mixing of water and drug, temperature of the water, time of contact, Powder size, and the need for stir and strain. Different experiments were conducted based on these parameters. And it shows their significance. In addition, a market sample examination of two separate Kashaya Choornas of two companies produced results with completely different powder sizes. Product output will vary due to these practical variations unless later changes are made to other parameters. Comparative physiochemical and phytochemical analyses of Kashaya and Phanta Kashaya were done. Values are almost similar except for total solid content and GCMS. Total solid rises along with the reduction in Kashya. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents show almost similar values, whereas GCMS analysis shows peaks of some molecules in Phanta Kashaya and peaks of some other molecules in Kashaya Kalpana. So, each of these two Kalpana favors solubilizing and makes bioavailable different ranges of biomolecules. So, each of these Kalpana has a different and specific utility and function.

Standardization and Evaluation of Quality Attributes and Bioactive Components of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) Based Herbal Tea

The present investigation entitled “Standardization and evaluation of quality attributes and bioactive components of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) based herbal tea” was carried out in the Central Instrumentation Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was carried out with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two experiments, experiment-I consists of 7 treatments and three replications. and experiment -II consists of 8 treatments and 3 replications. Tea bags of 3.5grams will be prepared as per the treatments and Standard cup volume of 100 ml is considered for study. The results revealed that the treatment combination of ginger -kokum mix (first best T7 Dry ginger powder 90 % + Dry Kokum powder 10 %), second best -T3 (Dry ginger powder 50 % + Dry kokum powder 50 %) based on organoleptic evaluation were selected from experiment one and proceeded to experiment two for evaluation of ginger kokum based herbal tea. The results related to physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic evaluation indicated that, among the different herbal teas, the treatment T3 (First best -90 %+ Cardamom -10 %) recorded best with pH (4.54) of 0th day, T2 (Second Best -100 % -Control) recorded highest titratable acidity (4.02 %) of 60th day, T2 (Second Best -100 %) recorded best with Ascorbic acid (1.32 mg/100 g) of 0th day. T4 (First best 90 % +Turmeric -10 %) at 0th day found to be best with total Phenol content (88.95 mg GAE/g). The maximum organoleptic score for overall acceptability (8.47) was in “Like very much range” on nine-point hedonic scale which is recorded in treatment T4: (First best-90 % +Tulasi-10 %) at the end of storage period. it can be concluded that T4-(First best -90 % + Tulasi - 10%) and T8 (Second best 90 % + Turmeric -10%) are best two standardized herbal teas from this research work.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien dan Citra Institusi pada Rsud Kabupaten Wakatobi

The objectives of this research are: 1) Testing the influence of service quality on patient satisfaction at the Wakatobi District Hospital; 2) Testing the influence of patient satisfaction on the image of the institution at the Wakatobi District Hospital; 3) Testing the influence of service quality on the image of the institution at the Wakatobi Regency Regional Hospital; 4) Testing the influence of Patient Satisfaction as an intervening variable on Service Quality and Institutional Image at Wakatobi District Hospital. The population in this study were patients and families of patients at the Wakatobi District Hospital. The sample taken was determined to be 68 people. The sampling method used is purposive random sample, namely a sample selection technique based on certain criteria. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis, validity testing, reliability testing, hypothesis testing and direct and indirect influence testing using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) concept with the Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) program. The result showed that: 1) Service quality has a significant positive effect on patient satisfaction at the Wakatobi district hospital, showing the original sample estimate value between the influence of service quality on satisfaction of 0.742 and a positive value. 2) Patient satisfaction has a significant positive effect on the image of the institution at the Wakatobi District Hospital. 3) Service quality has a significant positive effect on the image of the institution at the Wakatobi District Hospital. The calculated T-value of 1.727 is greater than the T-table of 1.668. 4) Patient Satisfaction as an intervening variable has a dominant influence on Service Quality and Institutional Image at the Wakatobi District Regional Hospital.&#x0D; Keywords: Learning Herbal Drink, Community Service, Community Business Opportunities

The effect of variations in coffee and tiwai plants as drink products on blood lipid profiles and hematological indices

Plants or spices can be processed into herbal drinks as an alternative to traditional medicine. Using existing local resources, it is possible to produce functional food in the form of drinks. Tiwai coffee (TC) is a drink made by mixing Tiwai onion powder (TP) with coffee powder (CP), sugar, and salt. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of administering TC, ground coffee, green coffee (GC), TP, and instant Tiwai (IT) on lipid profiles of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, hematological indices of Hb, erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and hematocrit (HCT), glucose, heart rate, and body temperature in mice. Furthermore, a post-test-only control group design was applied with six treatment types and seven replications. The data were analysed using ANOVA and once a significant difference was discovered, the Tukey’s with a 5% level was subsequently conducted. The administered products had a significant effect only on HDL, TG, WBCs, and body temperature, excluding other parameters. In general, it is best to give green coffee. In general, the best treatment is giving green coffee, especially when increasing immunity as indicated by the lowest WBCs value.

Assessment of the changes in product characteristics, total ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of dried soursop fruit tea (Annona muricata L.) during product storage.

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit tea is a health-beneficial product that promotes economic development and addresses the issue of excessive agricultural waste. Prolonging the shelf-life of soursop fruit tea has been of scientific interest currently. This study evaluated the effects of three types of packaging materials of soursop fruit tea (e.g., paper, paper-combined Polyetylen (PE), and aluminum-combined PE) and different storage temperatures (5, 15, 30, and 45°C) on various product characteristics, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total ascorbic acid (TAA), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH)/2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity during 4 weeks of storage. The results revealed that the sample stored in aluminum-combined PE packaging at 30°C retained most of the product's characteristics and nutritional values. This was evidenced by the moisture content of 2.49%, TAA of 3.9 ± 1.4 mg/100 g dry weight, TPC of 12.89 ± 0.47 mgGAE/g, TFC of 0.54 ± 0.004 mgQE/g, DPPH scavenging activity of 4.06 ± 0.02 mgAA/g, and ABTS scavenging activity of 13.34 ± 0.32 mgAA/g. Additionally, the microbiological quality of the sample met the standard of TCVN 9740:2013. Overall, the study highlights the importance of packaging materials and storage temperatures to maintain the nutritional quality of soursop fruit tea. It provides valuable insights into the suitable storage conditions for preserving the quality and health-promoting effects of this product.

A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot trial in healthy men to study the effects of Angelica gigas herbal supplement on prostate cancer–relevant inflammatory cytokines.

170 Background: The ethanol extract of the root of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) dose-dependently inhibits animal models of prostate cancer. Multi-omic analyses have implicated immune and anti-inflammatory responses in the anti-cancer action. In our single dose-PK study (NCT02114957) in healthy volunteers with AGN dietary supplement CognI.Q, we observed a near doubling of the natural killer (NK) mRNA signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 24 h after dosing while the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 mRNA was decreased by one half over the pre-dose baseline. Given NK incapacitation and inflammation have been linked to prostate cancer, the current trial (NCT03630328) was designed to assess safety and to delineate CognI.Q-specific immune and anti-inflammation functions. Methods: We used a double-blinded, placebo-controlled and crossover trial design to monitor hepatic and renal safety metrics based on Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) and compare the immune cell and cytokine responses to CognI.Q and placebo. Supplement period of 3 weeks was followed with a 2-week washout period. We employed the Ella microfluidic multiplex immunoassay to evaluate select plasma cytokines. Results: Fourteen healthy men completed the trial protocol. Physical examination on study visit days did not reveal any adverse events. Blood CMP monitoring detected abnormal hepatic integrity values in three subjects, all in the second washout period and were attributed to use of anti-allergy medication, an herbal tea for tooth ache, and excessive alcohol, respectively. Analysis of plasma cytokines detected corresponding elevation of MIG, CCL4, CXCL10 and IL-8 with these hepatic damage events. With the exclusion of these subjects or time point, the plasma cytokine measurement did not reveal a significant response to CognI.Q supplement vs. placebo. Conclusions: CognI.Q supplement at the current recommended dose (400 mg, twice per day) did not impair hepatic integrity or renal function, nor did it modulate select plasma cytokines in healthy men. Phase I dose-escalation trials should be implemented to establish safety profile and assess immune and inflammation modulatory effects of AGN supplement beyond the current dose. Clinical trial information: NCT03630328 .

The pattern of use of herbal plants by the community to increase body immunity

The immune system functions to protect the body from infectious agents. Modulation of the immune system is needed to ensure that it is able to fight various attacks by microorganisms that cause infection. One simple way to increase the body’s immunity is to consume herbal plants. Several studies have proven the activity of several herbal plants as immunostimulant agents. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. The aim of this research was to identify herbal plants for body immunity, and describe patterns of use of herbal plants to increase body immunity. The research finding revealed that herbal plants that can increase the body’s immunity are ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, cinnamon, sungkai leaves, black cumin and various other plants, most of which are still consumed in traditional ways. The largest number of respondents who used herbal concoctions to improve health was 225 respondents. There was a pattern of using herbal plants in the people of North Sumatra to increase the body’s immunity by consuming them in the form of direct decoction, herbal drink products, capsules and powder form, and syrup form.

Optimalisasi Produksi “Jakulawak” Dan “Jahe Merah” Di Desa Sinsingon Barat Kecamatan Passi Timur Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

This research aims to determine the optimal production amount of instant herbal drink products "Jakulawak" and "Red Ginger". This research was conducted in Sinsingon Village, East Passi District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, and carried out during June 2023. The data used in this research is primary data which is how the product is made, production quantity, price of production raw materials, product selling price, number of workers, availability of raw materials used, labor hours and tools, availability of labor and working time for tools to be used by interviewing the owners of the herbal drink business "Jakulawak" and "Red Ginger". The secondary data used in this research was taken from google scholar, which is previous research and literature reviews related to the research topic, namely production optimization. The research results show the optimal combination of two types of products based on the availability of existing resources, namely X1 (Jakulawak) with a value of 14 and X2 (red ginger) with a value of 0 with the Z value (maximum profit) obtained being IDR 329,347.