Herbal Mouthwash Research Articles

Evaluating tensile strengths of absorbable suture materials in herbal solutions: An In vitro study

Aims: Suture materials are used routinely in periodontal and oral surgical procedures. Strength of the sutures depends on many factors such as tensile strength, compressive strength, and knot configuration. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare herbal rinses and chlorhexidine mouthwashes on the tensile strengths of the commonly used absorbable suture materials. Materials and Methods: Three commonly used absorbable suture materials polyglactin 910 (PLG 910), poliglecaprone (PGCL), and catgut were selected. A total of 15 samples for each suture material for a combined total of 45 were used. The sutures were tested for pre- and post-immersion tensile strength after being placed in three different solutions. Tensile strength was determined by a testing machine with a load set at 50 N. Results: Wilcoxon sign-rank test was used for quantitative data evaluation and Kruskal–Wallis test for intragroup comparison. From the experiment, it is evident that PLG 910 is superior in comparison to other suture materials, with a mean of 600.8 N/mm2 compared to PGCL (422.6 N/mm2) and chromic catgut (229.2 N/mm2). Among the herbal rinses, frankincense showed a statistical significant value in terms of stabilizing tensile strengths of the suture materials. Conclusions: Although PLG 910 was better against the three suture materials, more studies need to be done using varied variables and other media to see the effect in tensile strengths.

ANTIPLAQUE EFFICACY OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM TOOTHPASTE - AN IN VITRO STUDY

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum toothpaste as an antiplaque agent and to compare its efficacy with herbal toothpaste and mouthwash.Methods: Pooled saliva was collected in a sterile container from the volunteers after taking the consent. Tissue culture plate with 12 (3 × 4) wells was chosen. Pooled saliva of 20 mL was added to each well using the micropipette and was kept in the incubator at 37°C for 72 h. After 72 h, saliva was removed without touching the walls or the base of the wells. Each row was treated either with slurry prepared with Ganoderma/herbal/Colgate total toothpaste or herbal/chlorhexidine mouthwash/distilled water. One row of wells was kept as a control using erythrosine dye. After 30 s, all the wells were rinsed with distilled water. Erythrosine dye was added to all the wells, kept for 30 s, and rinsed with distilled water. The tissue culture plate was kept in the ELx800MS machine (ELISA reader) which was set at 540 nm, and the readings were obtained.Results: The results showed that G. lucidum toothpaste slurry reduced plaque than herbal and chlorhexidine mouthwash. However, there was no significant difference in plaque reduction between herbal and G. lucidum toothpaste slurries.Conclusion: The present study concluded that G. lucidum had better antiplaque efficacy than herbal toothpaste, herbal mouthwash, and chlorhexidine mouthwash.

PERBANDINGAN NILAI KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN ENAMEL PADA PERENDAMAN OBAT KUMUR CENGKEH DENGAN DAN TANPA PENAMBAHAN SALIVA BUATAN

Nowadays herbal mouthwash is widely consumed by the society, one of which is mouthwash containing cloves. Cloves contain minerals such as calcium and phosphorus which can help the remineralization of enamel. Mouthwash containing clove oil has antibacterial, antimicrobial effects, and can inhibit decalcification of enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of immersion in clove mouthwash and the effect of of immersion in clove mouthwash with addition of artificial saliva on the hardness of enamel surface after immersion in commercial orange juice. It was a laboratory experimental pre-posttest control group design. Thirty two permanent maxillary first premolar extracted for orthodontic reason which qualify inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in this study. All samples were immersed in commercial orange juice for 5 minutes for demineralization then they were divided into group of clove mouthwash immersion without addition of artificial saliva and group of clove mouthwash immersion with addition of artificial. The surface enamel hardness before immersion, after immersed in commercial orange juice and after immersed in clove mouthwash of each sample was measured using Microvickers Hardness Tester FM-800. The results of the research that has been tested with Paired T-Test showed a significant decrease (p<0,05) of surface enamel hardness in clove mouthwash immersion without addition of artificial saliva group, while the group of clove mouthwash immersion with addition of artificial saliva showed a significant increase (p<0,05) of surface enamel hardness. The conclusion of this research showed that the value of enamel hardness is higher with the addition of artificial saliva than without addition of artificial saliva in clove mouthwash.

EFFECT OF 25%, 37,5% AND 50% MAULI BANANA (Musa acuminata) STEM EXTRACT AS MOUTHWASH ON COLOR STABILITY OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: . Mauli banana stem extract can be used as an herbal mouthwash. The use of mouthwash in the oral cavity may be in contact with tissue mucosa, dentition and restorations. Bulk-fill composite resin is currently used as restoration. Composite resins have a tendency to experience discoloration. One of the factors that may cause color changes in composite resins is the use of mouthwash. Purpose: to analyze the effect of 25% mauli banana stem extract, 37.5% and 50% as a mouthwash to the color change in bulk-resin composite resin restoration. Method: This study was purely experimental pretest and posttest group design. Composite resin specimens was fabricated accordingISO 4791: 2000 specifications, molds of 17 mm in diameter and 1 mm thickness. There were 5 treatment groups that composite resin samples were immersed in the distilled as negative control, 25% mauli banana extract solution, 37.5% and 50% and chlorhexidine gluconate as positive control. Data analysis used one way Annova statistical test. Result: there were significant differences in the composite resin group immersed in aquades, chlorhexidine and mauli banana stem extracts, but there was no significant difference in the mauli banana extract stem at different concentrations. Conclusion: mauli banana stem extract causes the highest color change in composite resin when used as a mouthwash.

MEDICINAL PLANTS AS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Oral flora plays an important role in the day-to-day life for human beings and also they are important part of human digestive system. Simultaneously, besides their beneficial activities, they can be harmful to the human, and this can be evaluated as normal oral flora as opportunistic pathogens. To elevate oral sanitation, medicinal plant-based mouthwash can be used as mediator and acts as a part of efficient home care medication. In dentistry, the importance of plants has been acknowledged to cure diseases generated by several oral pathogens. Chemical drugs possess many side effects and act as a key factor responsible for developing drug-resistant microorganisms. Herbal mouthwash products have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. The worldwide requirement for substitutive prevention, treatment choices, and products for oral infections that are harmless, efficient, and low cost comes from the boost in infection occurrence. For maintaining oral sanitation, ample research has been attempted to calculate the effect of plants. The review has established to aggregate the data on herbs and plants which possess great response to the pathogens concerned with oral infections. The review will assist the researchers to discover and choose the plant to develop adequate medicine for establishing cost-effective treatment for oral hygiene.

Preparation and Evaluation of a Herbal Mouthwash Containing Oak Husk of Quercus brantii and Zataria multiflora

Background: Considering increasing antibiotic resistance and periodontal diseases incidence, the need of a safe, effective, and economical alternative mouthwash seems necessary. Combination of Persian oak husk of Quercus brantii (Jaft) with astringent and antibacterial properties of its tannins and Zataria multiflora leaves with anti-bacterial activity related to its essential oil seems to be more effective. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a herbal mouthwash formulation containing the extract of Oak husk and essential oil of Zataria multiflora. Methods: The essential oil of Zataria multiflora leaves was obtained by hydro-distillation. Oak husk powder of Quercus brantii was extracted by infusion and then the extract was freeze-dried. Determination of tannin amount in the extract was performed by the Folin-Denis method. The essential oil analysis was performed by GC/MS. Formulations were prepared at five different concentrations of tannin (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) with 0.15% v/v of essential oil in the base of polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol. The selected formulations were subjected to screening against Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans, using standard protocol of cell viability in comparison to the Persica mouthwash. Stability tests, such as tannin assay and pH, were done on days zero and forty-five after preparation of the formulations. Results and Conclusions: The best formulations with 0.2% and 0.5% of tannin, which were more stable and showed significantly more antibacterial effects than Persica mouthwash may be safe and effective for future clinical studies.

Treatment with Herbal Mouthwash Mediates Improvement of Symptoms in Xerostomia and Oral Mucositis patients

Oral discomfort and pain are frequent side-effects of many popular prescription medications. Over 500 prescription drugs are known to result in the development of adverse oral conditions. In fact, approximately 40% of patients suffer from xerostomia and oral mucositis, as a result of cancer medications. The number of affected individuals is expected to continue to rise, given that the incidence of major cancers is predicted to grow over the next decade. Regrettably, there are currently lacks of treatments available to effectively improve xerostomia and oral mucositis symptoms. Interestingly, the use of several herbal ingredients (such as chamomile, cinnamon, and peppermint oil) has been reported to effectively improve pain and oral dryness. For this reason, we examined the effectiveness of an herbal mouthwash, Nature’s Herbal (a blend of cinnamon oil, chamomile, cranberry, and peppermint extract), to alleviate symptoms of oral pain and dry mouth exhibited by patients diagnosed with oral mucositis and xerostomia. Daily treatment with the mouthwash induced a 53% ± 6% and 33.2% ± 3.8% improvement in the severity of symptom, for the oral mucositis and xerostomia patients groups, respectively. Overall, the herbal mouthwash induced an improvement in 91% of oral mucositis and 83% of xerostomia patients.

Oral Chlorhexidine Against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Microbial Colonization in Intensive Care Patients.

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine at different concentration and frequency on ventilator-associated pneumonia and microbial colonization in mechanically ventilated patients. Relevant studies in English language were identified by searching data bases between January 2010 and December 2017. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Chlorhexidine with 0.2% concentration was found to be more effective than the control group (placebo dental gel and normal saline) in preventing the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in three of the eight studies. Twice-daily application was found to be effective reducing the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in three studies using 0.2% and 2% chlorhexidine. Microbial colonization was found to be less in 2% chlorhexidine group than herbal mouth wash 0.9% NaCl and 0.2% chlorhexidine in three studies. Chlorhexidine is an effective intervention in oral care for ventilator-associated pneumonia and microbial colonization.

PD087: The reduction in microbial content of aerosol during ultrasonic scaling following the addition of chlorhexidine/ herbal mouth wash in water source of an ultrasonic scaler‐ A double blind randomized placebo controlled interventional study

PD087: The reduction in microbial content of aerosol during ultrasonic scaling following the addition of chlorhexidine/ herbal mouth wash in water source of an ultrasonic scaler‐ A double blind randomized placebo controlled interventional study

Effectiveness of Herbal Mouthwash among Visually Impaired Residential School Students

Visually impaired patients are unable to visualize the plaque on tooth surfaces resulting in inadequate plaque removal and therefore the progression of dental caries and inflammatory disease of the periodontium. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of herbal mouth wash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis among visually impaired children. Randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with parallel groups study, comprising 6 to 20 year old visually impaired children, 20 in each group (herbal mouth wash or chlorhexidine mouthwash or placebo mouthwash). Plaque and gingival index were recorded at baseline and at the end of the study. Children were asked to use the mouth wash twice daily for two weeks. Analysis was done using Chi-square test for categorical data and Mann-Whitney U test/independent t-test and one way analysis of variance/Kruskal-wallis H test for quantitative data. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Participants showed fair oral hygiene (mean plaque scores of 1.14±0.53) and moderate gingivitis (mean gingival scores of 1.12±0.45) with no significant difference between three groups (P=0.47 and 0.84, respectively). Significant reduction of plaque and gingivitis was seen at follow-up with no significant difference between herbal and chlorhexidine mouthwash. However, significant difference was found between placebo and herbal/chlorhexidine mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash showed significant effect on reducing plaque formation and gingivitis in visually impaired students. The effectiveness of herbal mouthwash was analogous to the gold standard chlorhexidine.

Comparison of the efficacy of herbal mouth rinse with commercially available mouth rinses: A clinical trial.

Aim:The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of an herbal mouthwash containing red ginseng extract with different brands of commercially available chemical mouthwashes.Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal mouthwash (Dr. Dental care liquid) in reducing the oral bacterial count and compare it with the efficacy of commercially available mouthwashes such as Rexidine, Listerine and Colgate Plax.Materials and Methods:The study includes sixty normal individuals (aged 18–24 years) who were divided into four groups of 15 individuals each. The participants of each group were given four different mouthwashes (Dr. Dental Care liquid, Colgate Plax, Listerine and Rexidine) and asked to use it twice daily for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected before the use of mouthwash and also after 5 days of using the mouthwashes. Culture and microscopic examination of salivary samples was done, and oral bacterial load present in the saliva samples was counted before and after the mouth rinse use.Results:The results were compared using Wilcoxon sign-rank test. Among the four mouthwashes, the herbal mouthwash, Dr. Dental care liquid exhibited maximum efficacy in reducing the amount of bacteria followed by Colgate Plax, Listerine and Rexidine.Conclusion:The herbal mouthwash, Dr. Dental care liquid, contains red ginseng extract, a herb with immense medicinal values. In this study, the herbal mouth rinse exhibited increased antibacterial action compared with other commercially available chemical mouth rinses. Hence, we conclude that the ginseng-containing herbal mouthwash can be considered as a safe and effective oral hygiene aid.

Comparison of efficacy of three different mouthwashes in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scaler: A pilot study

Background and Objective: Aerosol produced during the procedure of scaling and root planing is a potent source of infection. Preprocedural mouthrinsing has been found effective in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced during the procedure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three different mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine, Essential Oils & Herbal Extracts by using them as preprocedural rinsing agent in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced by ultrasonic scaler. Material and Methodology: 40 subjects age and gender matched were randomly divided into four groups on the basis of agents used for preprocedural mouthrinsing - Group I: Distilled Water (Control), Group II: Chlorhexidine (CHX), Group III: Herbal Extracts (HR) & Group IV: Essential Oils (EO). The aerosols were collected on three previously prepared and sterilised blood agar plates at three different positions in the operatory. The colony forming units were counted after incubating the plates for 48 hours. Result: At all locations, the mean CFU was highest in Group I followed by Group III, Group IV and Group II. Conclusion: In the study 0.2 % chlorhexidine was found to be most effective preprocedural mouthwash in reducing the bacterial load in the aerosol produced during ultrasonic scaling followed by essential oil and herbal mouthwash respectively.

A Novel Herbal Formulation versus Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Efficacy against Oral Microflora.

Aims and Objectives:The aim of the study was to compare and to analyze the antimicrobial efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine and new formulated herbal mouthwash after using for 14 days. The objective was to signify whether the noval herbal combination could be a better alternative mouthwash to Chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and Methods:This is a double-blinded, random controlled research study conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. A total of 200 dental students were selected randomly, comprising of two groups, 100 in each, aged between 18 and 22 years with gingival index of score II. The first group was advised to oral rinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash and the second group with new formulated herbal mouthwash for 14 days. Saliva samples were collected on the day 0 (baseline), followed by day 7 and 14 and microbial colony count was performed. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16. Student's t-test was applied for comparison of the mean microbial count between the two groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was applied to assess the changes from day 0 to day 7 to day 14. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.Results:Microbial colonies were reduced better in chlorhexidine group on the day 7 whereas, on day 14, greater reduction was observed in the herbal group in both gender groups with high statistical significance (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Herbal mouthwash formulation performed effectively well on long-term usage, could be used as an alternative mouthwash to overcome the disadvantages of chlorhexidine.

Comparative evaluation of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of an herbal and chlorine dioxide mouthwashes: A clinicomicrobiological study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of herbal mouthwash and chlorine dioxide mouthwash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis. In a randomized clinical trial, forty patients were randomly selected and divided equally into two groups. After professional oral prophylaxis, the clinical parameters plaque index, gingival index, and modified sulcular bleeding index were recorded at baseline, 7th day, 14th day, and 21st day. The plaque samples were collected from gingival sulcus with an absorbent sterile paper point and were stored in a thioglycollate broth, then sent for microbiological examination. The microbial colony-forming units were assessed at baseline, 7th day, 14th day, and 21st day for Streptococcus mutans, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. There was a statistical significant reduction in both clinical and microbiological parameters were observed with use of both the mouthwashes. However, herbal mouthwash was more effective in reducing the plaque and gingivitis than chlorine dioxide mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash was statistically efficacious in controlling plaque and gingivitis with potent antimicrobial activity.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of (between) 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthwash on Salivary Streptococcus mutans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Background:The chemomechanical plaque control measures are helpful in controlling dental plaque and thus caries, especially in pediatric age group.Aim:This study aims to compare effectiveness of herbal mouthrinse containing Terminalia chebula to that of 0.2% chlorhexidine against children's salivary mutans streptococci levels.Settings and Design:A double-blind, randomized, controlled study design will be framed for conducting this study.Methods:A total of 45 participants were randomly categorized in Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3 (control group, experimental group, or negative control). Baseline unstimulated saliva was collected. All the participants were instructed regarding the use of mouthrinse for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, again unstimulated saliva was collected. After collection, saliva samples were sent for microbiological analysis.Statistical Analysis:The mean colony-forming units (CFU/ml) were determined. Paired t-test, ANOVA test, and post hoc test were applied for statistical analysis.Results:Statistically significant difference in CFU count has been observed in 0.2% chlorhexidine and Oratreat groups at 15 days as compared to baseline (P < 0.001). At 15 days, reduction in CFU count has seen more in Oratreat group as compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine group, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.001).Conclusion:0.2% chlorhexidine and Oratreat mouthwash reduce the salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Oratreat herbal mouthwash has proved to be better as compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Assessment of Ions released from Three Types of Orthodontic Brackets immersed in Different Mouthwashes: An in vitro Study.

Herbs are used widely in medicine. The purpose of the present study was to assess the ion release from gold-plated orthodontic bracket compared with other stainless steel brackets, and based on the findings of the study, the orthodontists can choose the most biocompatible brackets and mouthwashes useful in the clinical practice. A total of 150 orthodontic brackets from Orthotechnology™ Company, USA (50 stainless steel one-piece brackets, 50 stainless steel two-piece brackets, and 50 gold brackets) were immersed in four mouthwashes in addition to distilled water. Ten of each type of brackets in every media were immersed under 37°C for 45 days. Ions released in these mouthwashes were measured, and comparisons among different bracket types and among various mouthwashes were done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then with Games-Howell tests. Increased amounts of ions released in herbal mouth-washes were recorded in gold and two-piece brackets in comparison with one-piece stainless steel brackets. Herbal mouthwashes must be used with caution as they showed an increased amount of ions released in comparison with chlorhexidine. One-piece stainless steel bracket system is the most compatible bracket type, as they released the least amount of ions. One-piece stainless steel brackets are better than two-piece brackets in terms of ions released.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Herbal Mouthwash Against Oral Disorders

Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Herbal Mouthwash Against Oral Disorders

Comparison of the Effects of Chlorhexidine Mouthwash with Jaftex on Periodontal Index

Background: Dental plaque is considered as the main factor of periodontal diseases. The use of mouthwashes is one of the most effective chemical methods for inhibiting plaques. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Jaftex mouthwashes on periodontal indices. Methods: In this double blind intervention, 20 male dental students were selected and randomly divided to two groups: 1) Group A: In this group, participants were given chlorhexidine mouthwash; 2) Group B: In this group, participants were given Jaftex mouthwash. Students were asked to use 15 cc of mouthwash, which they received, two times a day (each time for two minutes) for two weeks. Before taking the mouthwashes and two weeks later, the students were examined and the plaque index, gingival index, and tooth staining index were recorded. Independent t-test was used for data analysis. Results: Both CHX and Jaftex reduced the amount of plaque and gingival indices (P < 0.001). The CHX mouthwash had greater efficiency in reducing plaque and gingival indices compared to Jaftex, although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05%). Furthermore, CHX and Jaftex increased the staining and the intensity of the stained area indicators yet the amount and intensity of the staining in the use of CHX was more, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Jaftex is a herbal mouthwash that is effective on periodontal indices and it is recommended that patients use it for chemical inhabitation of plaques.

COMPARISON OF HERBAL MOUTHWASH WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE AND 2% BETADINE MOUTHWASHES IN PATIENTS AFTER STAGE-1 IMPLANT SURGERY

Objective: The objective of the current study is to assess the antibacterial efficiency of an herbal mouthwash (clove and neem) against 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2% betadone mouthwash in patients who have undergone Stage-1 implant surgery.Methods: 30 patients undergoing implant surgery (Stage-1) were divided into 3 groups and were given 3 different mouthwashes. The patient was recalled after 15 days. Swab samples from the site of implant were taken after 15 days and cultured. The results were tabulated.Results: 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2% bernadine were found to have better antibacterial efficiency than herbal mouthwash (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: The herbal mouthwash consisting of neem and clove was not efficient in killing microbes immediately after Stage-1 implant surgery when compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2% bernadine.

Comparison of Antiplaque Efficacy of Commercially Available HiOra (Herbal) Mouthwash with Listerine Mouthwash: A Clinical Study

Background. Herbal mouthwashes nowadays are gaining popularity because they contain naturally occurring ingredients that achieve the desired antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a commercially available herbal mouthwash (HiOra) with that of an essential oil-containing mouthwash, Listerine. Methods. A single-blind cross-over study was conducted on 30 dental students aged 18‒25 years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: A and B (n=15) and the study was divided into two phases. In phase 1, Listerine mouthwash was given to group A and HiOra mouthwash to group B. The plaque score was recorded with Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein plaque index consecutively for 10 days. After 15 days of wash-out period, in phase 2 both groups were given the other mouthwash. Results. The plaque scores were compared and the difference between the HiOra and Listerine mouthwash was determined using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The differences between plaque scores were statistically insignificant (P&gt;0.05). The results showed that HiOra and Listerine mouthwashes yielded comparable results in plaque reduction. Conclusion. Herbal mouthwash was found to be a potent plaque inhibitor, yielding results comparable to those of Listerine mouthwash. These formulations may be more appealing because they do not contain alcohol, artificial preservatives, flavors or colors.