Herbal Mouthwash Research Articles

Herbal Mouthwash: Botanical Breath Freshner

Herbal mouthwashes are becoming increasingly popular as a natural alternative to traditional oral care products, providing a variety of oral hygiene benefits. These mouthwashes often contain plant-based chemicals recognized for their antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. Neem, tea tree oil, clove, and peppermint are some of the most commonly utilized herbs, and they all help to improve breath, gum health, and plaque formation. Herbal mouthwashes are frequently free of harsh chemicals and synthetic additives, making them a safer choice for people who want a more natural approach to oral health. This abstract discusses the effectiveness, safety, and possible benefits of herbal mouthwashes, as well as the scientific data that supports their usage in everyday dental care regimens

The ability of chlorhexidine oral rinse in prohibiting gingivitis in orthodontic patients: A literature review

Periodontal conditions, known as plaque-induced gingivitis, are one that dentists frequently deal with daily. One condition that often faces challenges in plaque control is fixed orthodontic treatment. Plaque control is generally carried out by mechanical methods, such as using dental floss, brushing teeth, oral irrigation, cleaning teeth with an interdental cleaner and professional tartar cleaning and polishing to remove plaque mechanically. However, the success of this method is highly dependent on the techniques used by each individual. As a complement, Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash is often used to support plaque control. This study purposed to analyze the role of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the gingivitis index in orthodontic patients as a control for plaque-induced gingivitis. This research method uses a literature review of nine articles using Google Scholar, PubMed and Elsevier databases from 2014-2024. CHX was proven to significantly reduce gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and inhibit the accumulation of microbial biofilm on the surface of orthodontic appliances. The conclusion is that CHX mouthwash effectively reduces gingivitis and plaque in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance, even though it has adverse effect such as tooth staining and irritation. Alternatives such as probiotics, propolis, and herbal mouthwash show similar potential with less severe side effects, so further research is needed to optimize formulations and evaluate their long-term effectiveness.

Effective Herbal Mouthwash: A Green Approach

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial, with plaque buildup and increased oral microorganisms being major contributors to poor oral health. Various herbal extracts, including german chamomile, terminaliachebula, aloevera, green tea, peppermint satva, turmeric, neem, triphala, pomegranate extracts, guava extract, propolis, alum, darim leaves, mulethi, and others, exhibit properties similar to chlorhexidine in controlling plaque and reducing gingivitis. Many herbal mouthwashes contain herbs with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. A combination of neem, tulsi, guava leaves, turmeric and ginger rhizome and clove oil extracts used as a mouthwash has shown to be more effective than chlorhexidine in gingival index, bleeding index and colony count. Therefore, using green herbal mouthwash can enhance oral hygiene without adverse effects. Thus maintaining optimal oral hygiene is crucial for overall health. Poor oral hygiene often results from plaque accumulation and an increase in oral microorganisms. In recent years, herbal mouthwashes have gained popularity for their potential benefits in promoting oral health. This research paper explores the advantage of herbal mouthwash when compared to the standard chlorhexidine mouthwash.

A Review: “Current Study of Herbel Mouthwash and it’s Effectiveness”

The goal of the current study is to create and assess a herbal mouthwash and determine how well it works to reduce the oral cavity's microbial load. In order to remove the water-soluble components, the plant materials were gathered. The prepared mouthwash's antibacterial activity and physicochemical characteristics were further assessed. Effects of herbal mouthwashes as additions to regular oral hygiene on the management of plaque and inflammation in comparison to placebos and mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for gingivitis. Guava, pomegranate, neem, propolis, tulsi, green tea, cranberries, grapefruit, and other herbal products and their extracts have demonstrated notable benefits over chemical ones. Compared to chemical mouthwashes, natural mouthwashes might have a number of advantages. A broad improvement in the population's dental health may result from the development of mouthwashes that are simple to make and safe for use at home with natural ingredients. A sample of 105 kids between the ages of 12 and 15 were randomly assigned to one of three mouthwash groups: the neem, mango, or chlorhexidine groups. Because of their decades-long antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens, medicinal plants are essential in the treatment of disease. Due to their ability to combat oral diseases, provide immediate pain relief, and have fewer adverse effects, herbal mouthwashes are highly sought after.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Mouth Wash

The importance of oral and dental hygiene has been known from the beginning of civilization to the 21st century. Patients and dentists are faced with a wide variety of mouthwash products containing a variety of active and inactive ingredients. Making an informed decision about the suitability of a particular product for a particular patient can be a complex task. Many popular herbal products help fight plaque and periodontal disease, but they have only been used for a short time and only as an adjunct to other oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing. Natural mouthwashes may offer significant advantages over chemical mouthwashes. If a mouthwash can be developed using natural products that can be easily prepared at home and is safe to use, it could lead to an improvement in people's overall dental health. A variety of natural ingredients and materials have been used in this study. Thin layer chromatography was then performed to confirm the quality of the materials used. Subsequently, physical evaluation, pH measurement, stability studies, thin layer chromatography and antibacterial studies were carried out. The study concluded that the developed herbal mouthwash is a significant, therapeutically effective and suitable drug delivery agent with undoubtedly high potential, albeit at a low cost. Therefore, increased use of herbal preparations is necessary to avoid side effects. This study is an attempt to outline natural substances that can be used as effective mouthwashes.

The Effectiveness of Herbal Mouthwash with Mangosteen Peel Extract in Inhibiting Dental Plaque Formation

Abstract Objective Dental plaque control is important for preventing periodontal tissue diseases. Dental plaque control therapy is enhanced when supported by adjunctive therapy, including the use of mangosteen peel extract mouthwash. Mangosteen peel extract contains α-mangostin, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and triterpenoids, which have antibacterial properties against bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mangosteen peel extract mouthwash at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% in inhibiting plaque formation. Materials and Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design with pre- and posttreatment examinations. Samples were taken using purposive sampling on 32 patients of Periodontology Clinic of Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital. The patients underwent prophylactic treatment (scaling), then the dental plaque index was measured using the Q-ray Cam Pro and the Loe and Silness Index before (day 1) and after (day 3) gargling with distilled water or mangosteen peel extract mouthwash at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% for 2 days without oral hygiene in the maxillary area. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results A phytochemical analysis revealed that the mangosteen peel extract contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, quinones, and triterpenoids. The mangosteen peel extract mouthwash group exhibited lower mean differences in plaque index compared with the aquades group. The 2% mangosteen peel extract mouthwash shows the smallest mean difference of 0.25 in the Q-ray Cam Pro examination and 0.062 in the Loe and Silness Index examination. Conclusion Mouthwash with 2, 4, and 6% mangosteen peel extract has an effect in inhibiting dental plaque formation, with 2% concentration exhibiting the best inhibitory effect on dental plaque formation.

GC-MS Evaluation of Bioactive Constituents of Hydroalcoholic Leaves Extract of Pongamia pinnata with Antibacterial Potential of Prepared Mouthwash Formulations

The leaves of Pongamia pinnata was extracted with 800 ml of 70% ethanol and 30% water (V/V) mixture for 48 hr. The hydroalcoholic extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids was confirmed by preliminary phytochemical screening. The chemical composition of hydroalcoholic extract was determined by GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS investigation revealed the presence of sixteen different bioactive compounds in the Pongamia pinnata leaves extract. The least amount of constituents present in the hydroalcoholic extracts was dioctyl phthalate has the peak area 0.84 and maximum 38.17 peak area % was recorded for 3-Methoxy-1,2-propanediol. Three formulations (F-1), (F-2) and (F-3) of herbal mouthwash containing hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata were prepared. Then antibacterial activity of all three formulations of mouthwash were tested against Streptococcus mutans (oral pathogen). The results obtained were compared with standard mouthwash (Chlorhexidine). The findings revealed that prepared herbal mouthwash formulation 2 (F-2) showed significant zone of inhibition compared with standard Chlorhexidine.

Clinical efficacy of Azadirachta indica based herbal mouthwash in treating the hypersensitivity of teeth.

To evaluate the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash to treat tooth sensitivity in patients. This single-blinded clinical trial was performed at School of dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medial University, Islamabad from 1st February, 2023 to 30th April, 2023. In this interventional study incorporated 120 participants with clinically visible signs of erosion, abrasion or recession. Visual Analog Scoring (VAS) Tool was used to investigate tooth sensitivity in these patients. Values of VAS for tooth sensitivity was calculated by exposing teeth of these patients to cold air blasting with triple syringe attached to dental unit at psi-30.0 pressure between 23±30ºC for duration of one second without using Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash. Later on, these patients were provided with this Herbal mouthwash and its usage was recommended twice a day for one month. After One month, tooth sensitivity of patients was determined by VAS again. Data was analyzed by Paired T-test at 95% confidence and significance < 0.05. VAS mean value for tooth sensitivity of patients before using Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash was higher and found to be 55.43% ± 12.04 whereas its mean value after using Herbal mouthwash for one month reduced to 35.38% ± 11.62 which was statistically significant (p value=0.001). Reduction in tooth sensitivity of patients was almost 20.05% just after one month. Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash was potent enough to reduce the tooth sensitivity in patients after one month of its usage.

Effective treatment of refractory oral ulcers using a compound Chinese herbal mouthwash: A report of two cases

Oral ulcers are a prevalent oral mucosal disorder, characterized by benignancy and self-limiting progression. However, a subset of these ulcers exhibits resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions, necessitating alternative treatment strategies. In this study, we present two cases of refractory oral ulcers that demonstrated limited responsiveness to standard treatments but achieved significant therapeutic benefits following the application of a compound Chinese herbal mouthwash. Case 1 involved a 60-year-old female patient diagnosed with Behçet's syndrome. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants yielded limited improvement in her oral ulcers; however, combination therapy involving the Chinese herbal mouthwash resulted in significant improvement and complete healing after a 2-week period. Case 2 presented a 48-year-old female patient with chronic tongue ulceration pain persisting for one year without any detectable systemic etiology. Despite receiving oral vitamin supplementation and local analgesic jelly, her symptoms remained unalleviated. A 3-week treatment regimen involving the administration of the Chinese herbal mouthwash in conjunction with thalidomide led to the complete resolution of her oral ulcers. The findings from this study suggest that the compound Chinese herbal mouthwash may serve as an adjuvant therapeutic approach for managing chronic oral ulcers that are resistant to conventional treatment.

The Efficacy of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis Herbal Mouthwash on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed Clinically and with Photometric CIELab Analysis: An In Vivo Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study.

Children are more prone to develop gingivitis as a result of deficient oral hygiene, morphological variance, and a diet that encourages the growth of pathogenic oral bacteria. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind clinical study is to compare the therapeutic effect of an herbal mouthwash made of decoction and ethanolic extract of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. In this study, 60 patients aged between 8 and 10 years were divided into four groups, each with 15 patients. The first group was treated with a mouthwash made of ethanolic herbal extract, the second group was treated with a mouthwash made of herbal decoction, the third group was treated with CHX mouthwash (0.12%) (positive control), and the fourth group was treated with a placebo made with colored distilled water (negative control). Clinical parameters gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were evaluated at the start, 1, and 2 weeks from ensuing the treatment. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of the maxillary anterior sextant were recorded to evaluate CIELab coordinates to monitor color changes. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests were used for data assessment. Significant reductions in GI and PI were found among the tested groups (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in a* value was observed, while L* value showed a significant increase between baseline and posttreatment (p < 0.05). Herbal-based mouthwash of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis, whether prepared by boiling or ethanolic extraction, reduced gingival inflammation significantly and has a lot of potential for treating and preventing periodontal disease in young children. Digital photography is a reliable supplementary approach for diagnosing and monitoring gingival inflammation in pediatric patients. Mohamed-Ali SF, Jasim AA, Mahmood MAK, et al. The Efficacy of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis Herbal Mouthwash on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed Clinically and with Photometric CIELab Analysis: An In Vivo Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):918-924.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Amarantha and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes in Chronic Generalized Gingivitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Aim: The current study’s objective was to assess and contrast the benefits of herbal and chemical mouthwash in patients with persistent, widespread gingivitis. Material and Method: Forty-five patients between the ages of 30 and 50 having persistent generalized gingivitis were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to three groups: Group A received oral prophylaxis, group B received oral prophylaxis and prescribed chemical mouthwash, group C received oral prophylaxis and prescribed herbal mouthwash. The patients were under observation for forty-five days. At the baseline, 7th, 30th, and 45th day gingival index was measured, and the data were statistically analyzed. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were performed. Result: The gingival index showed a significant difference. Over time, the gingival index tends to decrease with the use of herbal mouthwash. Conclusion: In summary, our initial investigation demonstrates that herbal mouthwashes are just as successful in reducing gingival inflammation as chlorhexidine further significant difference observed in 30th and 45th day with chlorhexidine. Therefore, in addition to routine dental care, these ayurvedic medications can be taken to reduce gingivitis.

Efficacy of Pomegranate Peel Extract Mouthwash on Gingivitis and C-reactive protein

Background and objective: Gingivitis is characterized as the world’s most predominant inflammatory periodontal disease. Healthy mouth and teeth are obtained by brushing and uses mouthwash. And because of the side effects of chlorhexidine, pomegranate peel extract mouthwash used alternative which are thought to have anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to prepare a herbal mouthwash and to evaluate the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract mouthwash on plaque index, gingival index, and C-reactive protein on moderate gingivitis patients. Method: this study is a clinical crossover design study, which consists of 25 volunteers with moderate gingivitis, who visited Duhok Dental Training Center. This study started from December 2022 to March 2023. Plaque and gingival index with a sample of saliva for C-reactive protein measuring were taken as a baseline before each mouth wash and after that, the pomegranate peel extract mouthwash was used for two weeks, then three weeks wash out between them, then chlorhexidine mouth wash was used for two weeks (crossover method). All saliva samples were analyzed using (CRP ELISA Test). Results: Twenty-five patients who used pomegranate peel extract mouthwash showed a significant reduction after two weeks used (CRP=162.28, GI=0.54, PI=0.82) and p value (&lt;0.0001) in mean C-reactive protein, gingival index, and plaque index from baseline which was (CRP=669.78, GI=1.88, PI=2.11). Conclusion: Pomegranate peel extract mouthwash had been shown effective against moderate gingivitis in adult patients with no systemic diseases through lowering in mean salivary C-reactive protein, gingival index, and plaque index.

Advancements in Herbal Mouthwash

Several herbal/chemical-based types of mouthwash are accessible to us nowadays. Selection of suitable mouthwash can be done by conferring the risk and benefits and conditions of the oral cavity. As written in the literature, nature offers us many medicinal materials with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Herbal mouthwashes are in high demand as they are effective in combating oral germs and in the treatment of many other oral diseases of the human body. Plaque management is essential for maintaining good oral hygiene. Herbal medicine can be used as an alternative to treat oral diseases with little or no side effects. Recently, herbal mouthwashes are formulated according to the different needs of the customers which has led to different manufacturing processes and techniques for the development of mouthwash. The market revenue of herbal mouthwash has been set to eventually grow in the coming years. An increase in technological advancements paved a way for innovative formulations and new patented products. This review will discuss intimately the benefits and advancements of herbal mouthwash in contrast to chemical mouthwash.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Hiora: An Ayurvedic Mouthwash in Children.

Mouthwashes, as a form of antimicrobial delivery system, rank among the safest and most effective vehicles, particularly in the case of young children. This is attributed to their ability to distribute therapeutic components across all accessible oral surfaces, including interproximal areas. To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of recently introduced Ayurvedic (Hiora) and triclosan-based mouthwashes among children. A total of 45 healthy children aged 10-15 years were randomly assigned to three groups: Herbal mouthwash (Hiora), triclosan-based mouthwash (Kidodent), and normal saline as the control group. Saliva samples were collected pre-rinse, 2 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes post-rinsing with the study mouthwashes. These samples were then inoculated onto Petri dishes containing blood agar culture media, followed by incubation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. The resulting bacterial colonies of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were counted (CFU/ml x 105). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, Newman Keul's Post-hoc test, and a two-tailed 't' test, was conducted to determine the significance of the results. The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash demonstrated the most substantial reduction in salivary bacterial colony counts of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. with statistically significant results (p<0.01). The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash exhibited the highest antibacterial effectiveness, followed by the triclosan-based mouthwash in decreasing order, with saline showing the least efficacy.

Cytotoxic properties of Pelargonium graveolens leaf extract and its green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (in vitro study)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of an extract from Pelargonium graveolens leaves and green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a mouthwash when used as a substitute for commercial mouthwashes. Human dermal fibroblasts from neonates (HDFn) were used in this study that done in vitro, because their characteristics were nearly identical to those of human gingival fibroblasts. MethodIn this study, the green synthesis of AuNPs using extracts from P. graveolens leaves was investigated as a sustainable and economical method. Then, using a range of analytical techniques, the physicochemical properties were evaluated, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis), so the preparations and analytical techniques of P. graveolens gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) take little time is about 10 days. The current study used the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide Mosmann's Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) to study the cytotoxic effects of P. graveolens leaf extract with P. graveolens gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing a human fibroblast-derived standard cell line. ResultsVarious doses (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL) of P. graveolens AuNPs were used to assess cytotoxicity, demonstrating little cytotoxic effects (approximately below 20% toxicity). A high level of biocompatibility was observed between the P. graveolens AuNPs and normal human fibroblasts. ConclusionThe mouthwash made using green synthetic AuNPs obtained from P. graveolens leaf extract show high level of biocompatibility and has low cytotoxicity. Therefore, herbal mouthwash formulations can serve as a viable substitute for chemical mouthwashes.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in Children: A Comparative In Vivo Study.

Herbal medicines are both promotive and preventive in inhibiting dental caries. Most commonly used natural plant extracts like mango (Mangifera indica) and pudina (Mentha arvensis) as an entire or together are scientifically well proven to be safe and effective against various oral health problems, especially in preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the effect of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.2%) mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) in children. By random allocation, 45 healthy children were selected between the age-group of 7 and 10 years of both genders from a residential school. They were divided into three study groups of 15 in each; group I-CHX (control group), group II-Mangifera indica mouthwash, and group III-Mentha arvensis mouthwash. Stimulated whole saliva sample collected for the amount of colony forming units and cultured for S. mutans and C. albicans. The data was tabulated, and statistical analysis was done with one-way variance analysis of the variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis test. Mangifera indica (group II) and Mentha arvensis (group III) showed a significant reduction of salivary counts at baseline, 14th day, and 21st day period and minimal effect on C. albicans for Mangifera indica. Among the three types of mouthwash, the CHX was the most superior; it showed a statistically significant reduction overall. When compared to Mangifera indica with Mentha arvensis, Mentha arvensis showed a statistically significant reduction in S. mutans and C. albicans and had an almost equivocal effect like CHX. Both herbal mouthwashes had a significant reduction in the S. mutans and C. albicans in children. So, it can be considered an active ingredient in mouthwashes. It may serve as a natural antimicrobial mouthwash with no adverse effects. Kajjari S, K VB, Janardhanan S, et al. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in Children: A Comparative In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(S-1):S78-S83.

The Effect of Herbal Formulation of Centratherum Anthelmintic Seeds Extract on Salivary Microbial Count and Oral Health in Type-2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Adults

Background: Diabetes can cause oral health issues like periodontal disease, dental caries, and delayed wound healing, requiring effective diabetes management and good oral hygiene. This study evaluated the efficacy of Centratherum anthelminticum (eCset) seed extract in herbal formulation against oral issues in adults with and without diabetes. Methods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at Surani Dental Clinic, Karachi, for 4 weeks in January 2023 and included 18-60 years of type-2 diabetics on standard anti-diabetic therapy for at least 6 months, moderate to severe oral ailments, at least 24 teeth, and no recent antibiotic therapy. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of eCset seed extract was tested and compared with reference drugs Chloramphenicol and Nystatin by using the diffusion zone methods and eCset herbal formulation was prepared. The weight, height, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured, oral health at baseline and after intervention was assessed, and saliva samples were collected before and after using eCset mouthwash for four weeks and cultured. SPSS v.21 was used with p&lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: The growth inhibition zones(mm) for Staphylococcus aureus were (Chloramphenicol:25 vs eCset:22), Micrococcus luteus (55 vs 22), Vibrio cholera (40 vs 29), Salmonella typhi (23 vs 16) and Aspergillus niger (eCset:18 vs Nystatin:22mm). The eCset herbal mouthwash improved plaque in healthy and diabetic participants and decreased the salivary CFU values (p&lt;0.01) in both groups after using eCset mouthwash for four weeks. Conclusion: The in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of eCset seed extract supports its herbal mouthwash formulation used to maintain and improve oral hygiene.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Drynaria Herbal Mouthwash and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Herbal products are preferred widely to synthetic medications owing to their minimal adverse effects and cost effectiveness. Drynaria is a popular traditional medicine used for bone repair, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, rheumatism, and osteoporosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Drynaria mouthwash in reduction of gingival inflammation in comparison with commercially available chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This parallel arm, randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 30 participants with mild to moderate gingivitis who were divided into two groups. Scaling and root planning were done. Group A patients were given Chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX) and Group B patients were given Drynaria Herbal mouthwash for 21 days. The clinical parameters assessed were Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Plaque Index (PI), and Gingival Index (GI) at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks post use of the mouthwash. Result: Drynaria mouthwash provided results that were significantly effective in improving all the clinical parameters. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, Drynaria as a mouthwash is nearly effective as Chlorhexidine mouthwash for the treatment of gingivitis. Key words: Chlorhexidine gluconate, Drynaria, Herbal, Mouthwash, Gingivitis.

Clinical and microbial evaluation of mouthwash containing Achyranthes aspera and Trachyspermum ammi: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial

ObjectivesAchyranthes aspera (Apamarga) and Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) have been used in many clinical conditions, and it displays valuable properties as an alternative to Chlorhexidine (CHX) in the management of gingivitis. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of Achyranthes aspera and Trachyspermum ammi (AA + TA) based herbal mouthwash, 0.2 % CHX, and placebo mouthwash on gingival health, plaque control and antibacterial activity against specific periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia) using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). MethodsThis was a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial involving 108 children with plaque-induced gingivitis who were randomly assigned to three groups of 36 children each: Group A, AA + TA mouthwash; Group B, CHX mouthwash; and Group C, placebo mouthwash. Gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 7th and 21st day. RT-PCR was employed to determine the bacterial counts of each plaque sample at baseline and after 21 days. ResultsAll three groups exhibited a gradual and significant reduction in both gingival and plaque scores from baseline to days 7 and 21. However, the placebo group did not demonstrate a significant difference in scores between days 7 and 21. Furthermore, a significant reduction in bacterial counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia was observed in the groups receiving CHX and AA + TA mouthwash after 21 days of intervention compared to the placebo group. ConclusionAA + TA mouthwash demonstrated non-inferiority in anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque properties compared to CHX, suggesting its potential suitability as an alternative to CHX when used in conjunction with mechanical plaque control measures.

Investigating the prevalence and effectiveness of herbal and natural remedies used by patients to manage periodontal health, including their sources of information and satisfaction with these alternatives

Background:: The use of herbal and natural remedies in managing periodontal health has grown in popularity due to concerns about the side effects of conventional treatments. Despite this, there is limited clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of these alternatives. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of herbal and natural remedies used for periodontal health, identify the sources of information, assess patient satisfaction, and evaluate perceived effectiveness. Objectives:: The objective is to determine the types of herbal and natural remedies used by patients to manage periodontal health, evaluate their effectiveness, and identify the primary sources of information regarding these remedies. Materials and Methods:: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 participants aged 18 and older who had a history of periodontal disease and used herbal or natural remedies. Data were collected through a questionnaire assessing remedy types, sources of information, satisfaction levels, and perceived effectiveness. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and Chi-square tests were applied to examine associations between demographic factors and remedy use. Results:: Seventy percent of participants reported using herbal or natural remedies, with herbal mouthwashes (45%) and toothpaste (35%) being the most common. Social media (50%) and family/friends (30%) were the primary sources of information. Overall, 65% of participants were satisfied with the remedies, while 50% perceived an improvement in their periodontal health. Conclusion:: Herbal and natural remedies are commonly used by patients for periodontal health management, primarily influenced by social media and nonprofessional sources. While many users report satisfaction, the clinical effectiveness of these remedies remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research. Healthcare professionals should engage patients in discussions about alternative treatments to ensure informed decision-making.