Hepatoprotective Effect Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ-radiation-induced liver damage in rats: Phyto-biochemical investigations.

The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3-, 4-, 5-, 5, 7-five hydroxyflavone-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ-irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ-rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg bodyweightof extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7), Myrgroup (50 mg/kg bodyweight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7). High-performance liquid chromatography and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance wereused to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L.leaves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay wasused for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, myricetin 3-O-rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α-,β-amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation-induced hepatic inflammation.

Hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of Luffa cylindrica fruit on carbon-tetrachloride induced chronic liver injury

Luffa cylindrica (Linn) commonly called sponge gourds has both medicinal and nutritional properties. It is used traditionally for the management of liver diseases. Herein, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of the crude methanol extract of L. cylindrica fruit in rats chronically exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Male rats were exposed to CCl4 twice a week for six weeks and the extract was administered five times a week for six weeks. Markers of liver toxicity, antioxidant enzymes and liver peroxidation were evaluated and histological analysis of the liver was carried out. Significant reduction in serum markers (ALT, AST and ALP), increase in antioxidant enzyme and reduction in lipid peroxidation compared to CCl4 were observed in rats exposed to both CCl4 and the extract. CCl4-induced liver lesions were ameliorated by the extract. These show the protective effect of the methanol extract of L. cylindrica on CCl4-induced chronic liver injury in rats.

Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

BackgroundEthiopians locally treat liver illnesses with A. Americana. Available literature demonstrates this. However, there are few in-vivo investigations that provide supporting data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Agave americana leaves on rat liver damage caused by paracetamol.MethodsThe acute oral toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD-425 recommendations. The approach outlined by Eesha et al. (Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:466-469, 2011) was used to test the hepatoprotective activity. Wistar male rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were used, and six groups with seven animals each were formed. Group I received treatment with gum acacia (2%) at a dose of 2 ml/kg p.o. daily for 7 days. Rats in group II were treated with 2% gum acacia orally daily for seven days along with a single dose of paracetamol (2 mg/kg) p.o. on 7th day. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given orally to Group III for 7 days. Plant extract doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally to Groups IV -VI for seven days, respectively. All rats in groups III-VI were treated with paracetamol (2 mg/kg) 30 min following extract administration. Blood samples were obtained from the cardiac puncture after paracetamol had been used for 24 h to induce toxicity. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin) were estimated. A histopathological investigation was also done.ResultsNo toxicity symptoms or animal fatalities were recorded during the acute toxicity study. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were all substantially raised by paracetamol. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained by pretreatment with A. americana extract. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of paracetamol control group represented the presence of marked foci of mononuclear infiltration in the hepatic parenchyma tissue, sinusoid, and around central vein, as well as disorganization of hepatic plates, necrosis, and fatty changes of hepatocytes. Pretreatment with A. americana extract reversed these alterations. Results of the methanolic extract of A. americana were comparable to Silymarin.ConclusionThe current investigation supports the hepatoprotective properties of Agave americana methanolic extract.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanolic Extract of Monotheca buxifolia against Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Hepatotoxicity

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanolic Extract of Monotheca buxifolia against Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Hepatotoxicity

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (Mazaceae) herb

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) herb.
 Methods: Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writing methods. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (0.1 mL of 1 %) model was used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract was administered orally at three different doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) to three separate groups in all the experiments. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug while control group received DMSO (1 %, 10 mL/kg). The hepatocurative effect of methanol extract of M. pumilus (400 mg/kg) was determined in isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparison. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out.
 Results: The methanol extract of M. pumilus significantly (p < 0.05) augmented latency time and reduced the number of writhes in the pain models at all doses used for the assessment of antinociceptive actions. The anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the paw. A significant (p < 0.05) hepatocurative effect was observed when administered after anti-tuberculosis drugs. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues also revealed restored hepatocellular architecture.
 Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of M. pumilus, thus substantiating the ethnomedical claims associated with the herb.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of crude methanolic extract of Datura metel L. in mice.

Datura metel has been recommended in several human disorders including a remedy for liver toxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of D. metel in animal model. Acute toxicity of methanolic crude extract of Datura metel (MEDM) was studied in animals in various doses 500-2000 mg/kg. Mice of either sex were divided into groups (n=6). One group received normal saline intraperitonially as negative control, while other gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days as positive control. 3rd group received 50mg/kg silymarin as standard, 4th group received 100mg/kg of MEDM, 5th group received 200mg/kg MEDM while 6th group received 300mg/kg MEDM and gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days. The blood samples were collected on 9th day and the animals were then dissected and the liver of all the animals were isolated. MEDM was found safe in acute toxicity test at various doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated significantly with gentamicin treatment which significantly down-regulated by MEDM (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner.. The histological examination showed that the MEDM has markedly treated the inflammatory infiltrate, fatty changes and congested blood vessels which were induced by gentamicin. The findings of our study thus proved the absolute of MEDM in acute toxicity test; followed by significant hepatoprotective effect in gentamicin induced hepatotoxic mice.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective properties of Helianthus annuus seed extract against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity

This experiment aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds against paracetamol induced liver injury. Four groups of rats (n = 3) were used and administered orally once daily with H. annus methanolic extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. The blood and liver samples were subjected to liver function biochemical and lipid peroxidation assay. The extract was also subjected to in-vitro antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were also evaluated. The extract was found to have a total flavonoids of 7.72 ± 2.3 mg/g quercetin equivalence and total phenolic content of 40.60244 ± 1.14 mg/g Gallic acid equivalence. H. annus methanolic extract exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high total phenol content. H. annus methanol extract was found to possess a potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content.

Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Caulerpa lentillifera against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Background: Liver injury is a common reason for drugs to be withdrawn from the market. Treatment options for common liver disease are limited, and therapy with modern medicines may lack effectiveness. Caulerpa lentillifera may have strong antioxidant systems that protect the plant from oxidative damage caused by the environment.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of C. lentillifera against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). Methods: Juvenile zebrafish (aged 1–3 months) were exposed to 10 mikromolar and 25 mikromolar acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) to induce liver damage. C. lentillifera methanolic extracts (0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L), were concomitantly added to individual tanks containing 0.01 M or 0.025 M APAP. The positive control group was treated with N-acetylcysteine/NAC (0.01 M) and silymarin (0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L). Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining revealed the extent of liver injury through the presence of hepatic necrosis, vacuolization, leukocyte infiltration, and ballooning. The antioxidant mechanism of hepatoprotective activity was assessed by a DPPH free radical scavenging assay.Result: C. lentillifera extracts reduced the mortality of juvenile zebrafish when simultaneously exposed to APAP. Upon histopathological examination of the liver tissue of juvenile zebrafish, the group treated with the 0.01 M APAP together with the highest concentration of C. lentillifera extract showed minimal liver injury compared to the groups exposed 0.025 M APAP. However, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay performed using 24–36 mg/mL C. lentillifera extracts showed a minimal effect on the free radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: The histopathological analysis of the liver showed that C. lentillifera extract prevented the progression of liver damage caused by APAP. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging assay indicated that the hepatoprotective activity of C. lentillifera extract might have other antioxidant mechanisms aside from free radical scavenging. In order to effectively assess the improvement in the survival rate of juvenile zebrafish, longer exposure in the treatments is recommendedKeywords: C. lentillifera; juvenile zebrafish; hepatoprotective; drug-induced liver injury (DILI)

GC/MS profile, DNA protectant and hepatoprotective effects of Praecitrullus fistulosus fruit methanol extract.

Abstract The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the antioxidant, DNA protectant and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Praecitrullus fistulosus fruits. The antioxidant and DNA protectant activity using in vitro model and hepatoprotective effect using in vivo model was assessed. Antioxidant potential of MeOH was assessed by ABTS, hydroxyl radical, FRAP and H2O2 scavenging activity. Further cell-based antioxidant activity was determined using RBC's cells. Hepatoprotective effects of MeOH were assessed using CCl4 induced liver damage mice model, in vivo. Post experimental results have proven the protective role of MeOH extract on the liver was assessed by serum antioxidant and biochemical analysis followed by histopathological studies. Histopathological studies reveal the retained tissue architecture, decreases hepatocellular necrosis, a poor dilated central vein in MeOH treated group. Further in vivo antioxidant enzyme activity showed that MeOH significantly protect the liver injury by retaining the antioxidant enzyme level in the CCl4 treated groups. This study provides preliminary evidence that the edible fruits Praecitrullus fistulosus as nutraceuticals in food formulation and product development in the pharmaceutical industries.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Justicia carnea Leaves on Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Albino Rats

Introduction: Hepatotoxicity can be caused by drugs overdose (in some cases even when the drugs are administered in therapeutic doses). This may damage the liver temporarily or permanently. The reason for this study is to evaluate the amount of damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on liver and establish a dose-dependent treatment and prevention with Justicia carnea leaves extract. Aim: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Justicia carnea leaves on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated albino rats was investigated. Methods: A total of thirty-five female wistar albino rats were used for the study and were grouped into 7 groups (I-VII) of 5 rats each. Group I served as normal control which received only feed and water, group II served as CCl4- treated control receiving 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) in of CCl4 alone in olive oil (1:1 v/v), group III served as extract control which received 1000 mg/kg bw of methanol extract of Justicia carnea (JC) only, groups IV, V and VI received 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw of methanol extract of Justician carnea respectively prior to CCl4 administration while group VII received 100 mg/kg bw of silymarin as a standard drug prior to CCl4 administration. Some biochemical parameters were evaluated using biochemical methods. Results: The activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the group treated with CCl4 only when compared with the normal control while total protein and albumin levels showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the group treated with CCl4 only when compared with the normal control. However, groups pre-treated with different doses of 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw of Justicia carnea showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP, and bilirubin level while total protein and albumin levels increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with the rats treated with CCl4 alone. Histopathological examinations of sections of the liver collected from the different groups showed that the normal control had a normal liver architecture compared to the group treated with CCl4 alone which showed a diffuse vacuolar degeneration and coagulative necrosis of the hepatocytes. However, groups pre-treated with different doses of the extract showed lesser necrosis and a better liver architecture compared with the group treated with CCl4 alone. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the methanol extract of Justicia carnea may exhibit hepatoprotective properties that may be effective in the management of liver toxicity.

Ameliorative potential of a traditionally used plant Fraxinus micrantha against oxidative stress and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity

Background: Liver disorders are one of the serious health issues. The treatment of liver disorders and their associated complications must be done with care due to the adverse effects of present-day medications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective and non-toxic herbal drugs for hepatoprotection. Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of traditionally used plant Fraxinus micrantha against paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by a standardized single oral dose of paracetamol (PCM) at 3 g/kg body weight. Standard drug (silymarin 50 mg/kg) and test drugs (chloroform and methanol extracts) were administered orally to rats for 7 days. All the animals were sacrificed on the 8th day, and blood was withdrawn by retro-orbital vein puncture, collected in fresh centrifugation tubes, and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min to separate serum for various estimations. Livers were isolated immediately for various biochemical and histopathological studies. Results: Treatment with chloroform extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) and methanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) ameliorated the elevated levels of hepatic markers, but a significant reduction in these levels was observed by treatment with methanol extract at 800 mg/kg. In addition, treatment with chloroform and methanol extracts resulted in the amelioration of oxidative stress along with the histopathological changes. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of methanol extract of F. micrantha revealed the presence of various polyphenols such as rutin, naringenin, kaempferol, physicion, quercetin, and gallic acid. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the observed hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of F. micrantha may be due to the presence of various polyphenols and also provides pharmacological evidence for the use of F. micrantha bark in folk medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Elsholtzia densa Against Acute and Chronic Models of Liver Damage in Wistar Rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against experimentally induced acute (CCl4) and chronic (paracetamol) liver injury in albino wistar rats. Activity was measured by monitoring the serum levels of ALT, ALP AST and LDH, total protein levels, bilirubin and albumin. The results of the CCl4 and paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that the rats treated with the methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa exhibited a significant decrease in biochemical parameters as well as the proteins, which were all elevated in the CCl4 and paracetamol group. The extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg body wt. showed a significant decline (P≤0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH to 69.50±2.23IU/L, 60.01±2.25IU/L,46.20±2.24 IU/L and 150.21±5.68IU/L in CCl4 injected animals and 51.12±2.20 IU/L,49.15±3.25 IU/L, 44.12±2.56 IU/L and 125.15±4.45 IU/L in paracetamol-treated animals when compared to the control group. The activities of tissue antioxidants GSH, GPx, GR, GST and CAT was significantly (P≤0.05) restored in dose dependent manner in animals treated with extracts as with acute and chronic hepatotoxic models. The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against the model hepatotoxicant CCl4 and paracetamol.

Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat

Andriani, Suseno G, Effiana, Novriany V, Fitrianingrum I. 2018. Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 87-90. Andrographis paniculata contains andrographolide and flavonoids, which have a hepatoprotective effect. This study was aimed to examine hepatoprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata extract against liver tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of paracetamol induced Wistar rat (Rattus novegicus). The study was designed with posttest-only control group conducted at Tanjungpura University, Indonesia in June 2015. A total of 30 rats at age of three weeks were divided into 6 groups. They were given toxic dose paracetamol, curcumin and A. paniculata extract in different dose. Liver tissues were tested by Wills’s method. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD Post-hoc test. MDA levels of liver tissues were i.e, normal control (0.34 nmol mL-1), positive control (0.34 nmol mL-1), dose 1 (0.45 nmol mL-1), dose 2 (0.55 nmol mL-1), dose 3 (0.63 nmol mL- 1 ), negative control (1.32 nmol mL-1). Result showed that MDA levels of liver tissues of negative control group were significantly different with other groups (ANOVA, p≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences between MDA levels of liver tissues of Dose 1 with normal control and positive control (ANOVA, p&gt;0.05). The methanol extract of A. paniculata has a hepatoprotective effect in (MDA) levels of paracetamol-induced Rattus novegicus with an effective dose of 500 mg kg-1.

Hepatoprotective effect of Maytenus robusta Reiss extract on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and HepG2 cells

We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract from Maytenus robusta leaves in mice and HepG2 cells. The administration of CCl4 in mice promoted a deep destruction of the histological lobular structure and increased the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels by 46.25% compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The M. robusta extract reduced the hepatic histological changes and normalization the ALT levels. The antioxidant effect of M. robusta in liver tissue promoted the reduction in 31.5% on lipoperoxides levels (p < 0.05), increased by 101.5% the reduced glutathione content (p < 0.05) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase by 21.3% (p < 0.05), 49.3% (p < 0.05), and 27.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, the extract reduced hepatic inflammation by diminishing myeloperoxidase activity, TNF and interleukin-6 levels by 29.4% (p < 0.05), 46.1% (p < 0.01), and 59.5% (p < 0.0001), respectively, compared with the vehicle group. The viability of HepG2 cells after incubation with CCl4 was 29.56± 3.07%, whereas the extract (300 μg/mL) restored the viability to 65.27± 8.75% and aspartate aminotransferase levels to 41.82 ± 4.41 U/L. The extract scavenged DPPH (IC50 = 14.44 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 3.00 μg/mL) radicals and did not produce acute toxicity in mice at 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, was confirmed the hepatoprotective potential of M. robusta by its antioxidant effects.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Diospyroschloroxylon Leaf in NNitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Diospyroschloroxylon Leaf in NNitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Study on hepatoprotective effect of root methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius L. in carbon tetrachloride induced mice

Acanthus ilicifolius is a common medicinal herb used in treatment for hepatic diseases in Vietnamese traditional medicine. This study investigated hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of A.ilicifolius roots at various concentrations on mice having carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damages by measuring levels of two liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)). Mice’s livers were injured by using CCl4 in olive oil, in the ratio of 1 to 4 with the dosing concentration of 0.2 ml per day in 4 consecutive weeks (or 8 consecutive weeks). After one hour taking CCl4 by oral administration, mice were treated with roots’ methanol extract at three different concentrations (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg BW). Silymarin, a commercial liver protector was used as a positive control. After 4 weeks of treatment, the AST levels decreased by 86.6%, 86.3%, 85.3% and ALT levels declined by 83.9%, 83.8%, 81.4%. After 8 weeks of treatment, the use of 30 mg/kg BW root extract showed the best hepatoprotective activity with the lowest levels of AST and ALT. Our result also indicated that the hepatoprotective effects of roots’ methanol extract of A.ilicifolius were similar to that of sylimarin (using at 16 mg/kg BW). The microscopic structure proved that the hepatocytes recovered significantly in mice treated with roots’ methanol extract of A.ilicifolius at dose 45 mg/kg BW. However, root extract of A.ilicifolius at dose of 15 and 30 mg/kg BW could not improved liver damages comparing to untreated mice. The qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds showed that Acanthus ilicifolius root contains alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, glycoside, and phenol substances.

Screening of hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum against paracetamol

Solanum nigrum (SN) commonly known as “Makoo” frequently available in most of the areas of Pakistan, is well reputed in the indigenous system of medicine for its medicinal use in liver disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate its traditional use in liver diseases using in-vivo model of rabbits.The crude methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the Solanum nigrum (SN.CEA) was investigated for its hepatocurative and hepatoprotective activities in paracetamol intoxicated (2g/Kg) rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups, normal control (saline treated) hepatotoxic control (paracetamol treated) and remaining one was hepatotoxic treated with the SN.CEA (400 mg/kg) for 6-12 days. Similarly, for hepatoprotective effect rabbits were divided in 3 groups; one serving as control another as hepatotoxic and last one as treated with SN.CAE. Group 2nd and 3rd were intoxicated with paracetamol at 6th day of the treatment with SN.CEA. Increased serum transaminases (sGOT and sGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels along with raised sleeping span and blood clotting time were observed in hepatotoxic rabbits. In both cases (hepatocuration and hepatoprotection) SN.CEA caused significantly reduction in all the above serum markers for liver functioning and caused significant reduction in the sleeping time of treated rabbits vs hepatotoxic untreated group. These data suggests that the presence of hepatocurative and hepatoprotective constituents in Solanum nigrium rationalizes its medicinal use in liver dysfunction

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Mussaenda philippica (stems) against anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity

The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Mussaenda philippica against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Six groups of six rat were selected for the study. Methanolic extract of Mussaendaphilippica at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg as well as silymarin (50 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for 14 d in isoniazid and rifampicin group. The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were estimated along with total protein. Histopathological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. The altered biochemical parameters were significantly reverting back by the methanolic extract treatment. Histopathology also supported the biochemical variation. From this study it has been concluded that the methanolic extract of Mussaendaphilippica shows significant hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective activity of Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl. against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

AimTo study the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Gentiana veitchiorum (MGV) against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice. MethodThe acute hepatic model was developed by injection of 20% CCl4 in mice. ICR mice were divided into six groups, including control, CCl4, CCl4+ silymarin, and CCl4+ MGV (100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1) groups. Hepatic enzymes including AST, ALT and ALP levels in serum, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GPX activity in liver tissue, were determined. Histopathological examination and Western blot analysis were performed. ResultsOral administration of MGV at 200 and 400 mg·kg−1 for 15 days dose-dependently inhibited the serum elevations of AST, ALT, and ALP, and recovered the reduction of SOD, CAT, and GPX in liver tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining examination performed in liver tissues suggested that MGV treatment ameliorated histopathological changes in CCl4-induced mice. Western blotting analysis implied that MGV increased HO-1 expression and recovered TNF-α alternation. ConclusionG. veitchiorum can protect the liver against CCl4-induced damage in mice, and this hepatoprotective effect was due at least in part to its ability through scavenging CCl4-associated free radical activities. The study provided in vivo evidence that G. veitchiorum can be used as a safe, cheap, and effective agent to reduce acute liver damage, supporting its folk medicine use

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Marjoram plant (Origanium Majorana L.) in CCl 4-intoxicated rats.

Aim: This work was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Marjoram plant (Origanium Majorana L.) in CCl4- intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 mature albino rats (Sprague Dawley) from both sexes, weighting from140 to 170 g were used. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups each of 5 animals. These groups were used to investigate the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the tested plant extract when given orally in two doses (375 and 750 mg/kg b.wt.). The first group was kept as normal healthy control. The other four groups were given CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.wt. s.c) for five days. One of these was used as a CCl4-intoxicated non treated control. Group III and IV were given the methanol extract of Origanium majorana plant orally at doses of 375 and 750 mg/kg b.wt. per day, for two months. Group V was used as a standard group and received silymarin orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. for two months. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Origanium majorana plant was studied in rats liver homogenate after the prolonged oral administration (2 months) via determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) enzyme activity. The in vitro antioxidant activity was compared to DPPH and measured spectrophotometrically. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the different groups was evaluated as well as the histopathological examination of the liver. Results: Oral administration of Origanium majorana plant increased the antioxidant enzymes and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased liver enzyme levels when given in repeated doses. Conclusion: Thus methanolic extract of Origanium majorana possesses a significant antioxidant activity.