Hepatoprotective Activity In Rats Research Articles

Phytochemical Screening, Isolation, and Structure Elucidation of the Radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.) Bulb Ethanolic Extract Using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Nowadays, plant is being used as a biofuel, a probable source for a pesticide and it is valued for its pharmacological effects. Hence, the researchers engaged in the scientific approach to provide explanation to these claims. The study focused on the phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of radish bulbs (Raphanus sativus). It further dealt on the isolation and determination of the molecular masses to provide probable structures and associated molecular properties for its constituents.<br />Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins were analyzed. Further, this effort involved analysis through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using the mobile phase of Toluene: Chloroform (9:11) and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the first spot (Retention Factor= 0.667).<br />Phytochemical analysis showed no tannins. Using TLC, it revealed two spots having Rf values of 0.667 and 0.507, respectively. Using GC-MS method, 24 different molecules were isolated and analyzed of which only 23 were given probable structures. The 23 molecules constituted 11 long-chain alkanes, 4 long-chain alkyl esters, 2 aromatic ketones, a benzyl halide, an aryl ether, a quinone, an aromatic aldehyde, a long chain aromatic alkane, and a long-chain alkyl nitrile. With this finding, the bulb extract may be a good source of potential biofuel (mono-alkyl ester), UV A, B and C blockers in the form of diphenyl-ketone, oviposition attractants (long-chain alkanes) and also a source of bioactive molecules such as estragole which shows antispasmodic effect, methyl palmitate with immunosuppressive effect in semi-allografts and hepatoprotective activity in rats, and an analogue of the antidepressant alfetamine.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Lagenaria siceraria Aerial parts

Introduction:Lagenaria siceraria is traditionally used in liver disorders and various free radicals induced diseases. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the aerial parts of L. siceraria methanol extract (MELS). Methods: DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide free radical scavenging activity, reductive ability and total phenolic and flavonoid content of MELS were determined. Hepatoprotective activity of the extract was investigated against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: The results explored significant in vitro antioxidant activity of MELS. It also showed potent hepatoprotective activity in rat, which was evident from its significant effect on the levels of serum biomarker enzymes and total protein & bilirubin. Significant improvement of the endogenous antioxidant status by the treatment of MELS further reflects its hepatoprotective potential, which was finally substantiated by the histological studies of the liver tissues. Conclusion: The results reveal potent hepatoprotective activity of MELS which is probably attributed to its significant free radical scavenging activity and high polyphenolic and flavonoid contents.

Carotenoid lutein protects rats from paracetamol-, carbon tetrachloride- and ethanol-induced hepatic damage

Carotenoids are a class of natural fat-soluble pigments that are found in many fruits and vegetables. Consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids has been epidemiologically correlated with a lower risk for several diseases. In the present study the carotenoid lutein (3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,epsilon-carotene) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats. Paracetamol, 20% ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were used to induce liver toxicity. Levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatases, which were increased in the serum, were found to be significantly reduced by the treatment of lutein in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that lutein may reduce the hepatotoxicity induced by these agents(. )Serum bilirubin was also significantly lower in lutein-treated groups compared with control. Increased lipid peroxidation, conjugated diene and hydroperoxides in the liver tissue produced by the administration of paracetamol were found to be reduced in the lutein-treated groups. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, were found to be increased in lutein-treated groups compared with control group during alcohol- and CCl(4)-induced liver toxicity. Hydroxyproline, which is an indicator of fibrosis in liver tissue, was high in the ethanol-treated control group. Hydroxyproline levels were decreased by simultaneous lutein administration. Histopathological evidence confirmed the protection offered by lutein from the tissue damage caused by hepatotoxins. The hepatoprotective action may be due to lutein's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals.

Protective effect of dried fruits of Carica papaya on hepatotoxicity in rat

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Carica papaya has been evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. papaya showed significant hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The protective activity was evaluated by using biochemical parameters such as serum bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The histopathological changes of liver were compared with control.

단기 알코올 투여 시 마늘과 한약재 복합물이 체내 지질 조성 및 간기능 회복에 미치는 영향

40% 알코올을 1주간 경구투여한 후 마늘 및 한약재 복합물을 각각 0.5%와 1%(GMP-I) 및 1%씩 (GMP-II) 식이에 혼합하여 3주간 급이하였을 때, 흰쥐의 체내 지질 성분 및 간 기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다 in vitro상에서 마늘 추출물의 ADH 활성은 20% 알코올농도에서 시료의 첨가량이 많아질수록 유의적으로 활성이 증가하였다. ALDH 활성은 마늘 추출물 첨가 시 무첨가구보다 활성이 낮았으나, 한약재 추출물 첨가 시 40%의 알코올농도에서 시료 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 상승되었다. 알코올 투여 흰쥐에서 혈당은 마늘과 한약재 복합물의 급이시 마늘의 급이량이 많아질수록 혈당 저하에 효과적이었다. 혈중 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및인지질은 마늘과 한약재 복합물 급이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 마늘의 첨가량이 많아질수록 체내 지질 감소 효과가 높았다. GOT, GPT, r-GTP 및 ALP 활성은 마늘 및 한약재 복합물의 급이로 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈중 TBARS 함량은 마늘 및 한약재 복합물 급이 시 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직의 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방도 마늘 및 한약재 복합물 급이시 유의적으로 감소되었으며, TBARS 함량은 마늘의 첨가량이 증가될수록 생성이 억제되었다. This study was performed to observe the effect of hot-water extracts from garlic and 13 kinds of medicinal plants composites (GMP) on hyperlipidemia and hepatoprotective activity in rats administered with alcohol. Male Sprague-Dawly rats were fed an AIN-93 diet (Normal), a normal diet plus ethanol (control, 10 ml of 40% ethanoljkgjday), a control diet plus 0.5% garlic and 1.0% medicinal plants composites extracts (GMP-I), and a control diet plus 1.0% garlic and medicinal plants composites extracts (GMP-II) for 7 days. Blood glucose was higher than the control, but it was markedly decreased in the GMP-II group. Elevation total lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids in serum were markedly decreased in rats fed with GMP-I. GMP-II also inhibited the increase of lipid content in serum. Activities of GOT, GPT, <TEX>$\gamma$</TEX>-GTP and ALP in serum elevated by alcohol were significantly inhibited in the GMP group. TBARS content of serum was significantly decreased in GMP groups administered with garlic and medicinal plant extracts. Extracts of garlic and medicinal plants play an important role in recovering liver function in rats from alcohol induced damage.

Sweet cassava polysaccharide extracts protects against CCl4 liver injury in Wistar rats

The expression levels of phase I (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) and phase II (GST and UGT) enzyme-coded genes were measured in liver microsomes of 50 Wistar rats fed sweet cassava polysaccharides (SCP), an arabinogalactan type root mucilage. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the detoxifying enzymes were investigated using reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time polymerase reaction (Real-time PCR) techniques. The antioxidant properties of the SCP were investigated in vitro and screened and investigated for its hepatoprotective activity in rat. There was significant induction of GSTYa1 and inhibition of CYP1A2. Moreover, an SCP diet was found to significantly increase UGT1A6 mRNA levels and to decrease CYP1A1 mRNA levels in chemically-injured rat liver. SCP ethanol extracts exhibited hydroxyl radical and superoxide scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro and intracellular antioxidative enzyme activity assays demonstrated and confirmed the potential of cassava root extracts as a natural source of mucopolysaccharide substances with potential use in chemoprevention medicine.

Studies on the expression of liver detoxifying enzymes in rats fed seaweed ( Monostroma nitidum)

The expression level of phase I (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) and phase II (GST, and UGT) enzyme-coded genes were measured in liver microsomes of 30 Sprague–Dawley rats fed sea weed ( Monostroma nitidum). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the detoxifying enzymes were investigated using reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) and real time polymerase reaction (Real-time PCR) techniques. The antioxidative properties of seaweed were screened and investigated for its hepatoprotective activity in rat. There was no significant induction of GSTYa1, GSTYa2, and CYP1A2. However, an M. nitidum diet was found to significantly increase UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 mRNA levels and to decrease CYP1A1 mRNA levels in rat liver. Structural studies confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in the seaweed samples. The results demonstrate the potential of seaweed as a natural source of sulfated polysaccharide substances with potential use in chemoprevention medicine.

Hepatoprotective effect of extracts from Pergularia daemia Forsk.

Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial herb growing widely along the road sides of India. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of liver disorders. The aim of this work is to study the hepatoprotective effect of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Pergularia daemia. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from aerial parts of Pergularia daemia were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by carbon tetrachloride. The ethanolic extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05) protective effect by lowering serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and total cholesterol and increasing the levels of total protein and albumin levels as compared to silymarin used as a positive control. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The activity may be a result of the presence of flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of the extracts showed no signs of toxicity up to a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Thus it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia possesses significant hepatoprotective properties.

A comparative study of ethanol extract of leaves ofTephrosia purpureapers and the flavonoid isolated for hepatoprotective activity

Ethanol extract of leaves and flavonoid (isolated from leaves extract) from Tephrosia purpurea were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride. These fractions were administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Serum level of transaminases, alkaline phosphate, and total bilirubin were used as biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity. Histopathological changes in the liver were also studied. The results of the study indicated that the hepatoprotective activity was more in ethanolic extract of leaves than isolated flavonoid.

Protective effect of root extract ofOperculina turpethumlinn. Against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The ethanolic extract obtained from roots of Operculina turpethum (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by paracetamol. The ethanol extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Silymarin was used as positive control.

Hepatoprotective Activity of a Benzopyrone from Tephrosia purpurea Pers.

Objective: To study hepatoprotective activity of a new benzopyrone derivative (TP) isolated from the alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Materials and methods: Compound TP was isolated from alcoholic extract of T. purpurea by normal phase column chromatography using toluene: ethyl acetate (70:30) as mobile phase and structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Hepatoprotective activity of TP and the alcoholic extract was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol and rifampicin as toxicants. The potency of TP (100 mg/kg) and the alcoholic extract of aerial parts (200 mg/kg), was compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg). The SGOT, SGPT, total and direct bilirubin levels of blood were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Compound TP was found to be 3-hydroxy, 6-methoxy, 2-oxy (3-butanone), 7 (dioxolane-4-one), 2, 3,-dihydrobenzopyrone. The alcoholic extract and TP caused significant fall in the enzyme levels in serum in rats. Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of T. purpurea and TP have shown significant hepatoprotective activity in rats against all the toxicants that were studied.

Anti-oxidant activities of fucosterol from the marine algae Pelvetia siliquosa.

The anti-oxidant activities of fucosterol isolated from the marine algae Pelvetia siliquosa were investigated. Fucosterol exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by CCl4-intoxication in rats. Fucosterol inhibited the sGOT and sGPT activities by 25.57 and 63.16%, respectively. Fucosterol showed the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities by 33.89, 21.56 and 39.24%, respectively, in CCl4-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that fucosterol possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the hepatoprotective activities in rats.

Protective effect of leaf extract of Ficus hispida Linn. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The methanol extract of the leaves of Ficus hispida Linn. (Moraceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing acute liver damage by paracetamol (750 mg/kg, p.o.). The extract at an oral dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of transaminase (SGOT and SGPT), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The activity of extract was also comparable to that of Liv-52 a known hepatoprotective formulation.

Hepatoprotective activity of Ficus racemosa leaf extract on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

An extract of the leaves of Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing chronic liver damage by subcutaneous injection of 50% v/v carbon tetrachloride in liquid paraffin at a dose of 3 mL/kg on alternate days for a period of 4 weeks. The biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were estimated to assess the liver function. The activity of extract was also comparable to a standard liver tonic (Neutrosec).

Editorial

Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial herb growing widely along the road sides of India. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of liver disorders. The aim of this work is to study the hepatoprotective effect of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Pergularia daemia. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from aerial parts of Pergularia daemia were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by carbon tetrachloride. The ethanolic extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect by lowering serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and total cholesterol and increasing the levels of total protein and albumin levels as compared to silymarin used as a positive control. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The activity may be a result of the presence of flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of the extracts showed no signs of toxicity up to a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Thus it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia possesses significant hepatoprotective properties.

85 Quercetin exhibits hepatoprotective activity in rats

85 Quercetin exhibits hepatoprotective activity in rats

Evaluation of the liver protective principles from the root ofCudrania cochinchinensis var.gerontogea

Three components in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, obtained from the ethanol extract of Cudrania cochinchinensis var. gerontogea (Moraceae) were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activities in rats on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity. Three flavonoids (25 mg/kg), wighteone, naringenin and populnin (kaempferol-7-glucoside), exhibited greater hepatoprotective effects on CCl4-induced liver injury than on D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity by reversing the altered serum enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) and preventing the development of hepatic lesions, including liver centrilobular inflammation, cell necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration in CCl4 intoxication and necrosis of the portal area in D-GalN intoxication. Wighteone and naringenin (25 mg/kg) isolated from the EtOAc fraction showed a better hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury than that of populnin (25 mg/kg) obtained from the n-BuOH fraction. Furthermore, wighteone protected the liver, not only against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, but also against D-GalN-induced liver injury. These results demonstrated that wighteone and naringenin are two active hepatoprotective principles from Cudrania cochinchinensis var. gerontogea.

Hepatoprotective activity in the rat of ursolic acid isolated from eucalyptus hybrid

AbstractUrsolic acid has been evaluated for its choleretic, anticholestatic and hepatoprotective activities in rats. It produced a dose‐dependent (5–20 mg/kg) choleretic effect. Significant anticholestatic activity (27.9–100%) was observed against paracetamol (2.0 g/kg) induced cholestasis. The compound also showed a marked hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol and galactosamine (800 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity by reversing the altered values in viability of the isolated hepatocytes and the altered biochemical liver and serum parameters. The activity of ursolic acid compared well with the known hepatoprotective drug, silymarin.

Hepatoprotective effect of an active constituent isolated from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn

AbstractDose (1.5–12 mg/kg p.o. × 7) dependent choleretic, anticholestatic, and hepatoprotective activity in rat was observed with N‐demethyl ricinine isolated from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn. The anticholestatic and hepatoprotective activity was seen against paracetamol‐induced hepatic damage. The choleretic and anticholestatic activity was evidenced by an increase in the volume of bile and its contents. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by an increase in the percent viability of hepatocytes (ex vivo) and by the reversal of altered enzymatic levels (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT], glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GPT], and alkaline phosphatase) towards normal. The compound showed more potent activity than silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent.

Hepatoprotective Effects of &lt;i&gt;Thespesia lampas&lt;/i&gt; Dalz &amp; Gibs in CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Induced Liver Injury in Rats

The extracts of the roots of Thespesia lampas (Malvaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing chronic liver damage by subcutaneous injection of 50% v/v carbon tetrachloride in Tween 80 at a dose of 3ml/kg for a period of 4 weeks. The biochemical parameters like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum bilirubin and total proteins were estimated to assess the liver function. Hepatic steatosis, centrilobular necrosis, and often swelling of the hepatic cytoplasm were observed in carbontetra chloride treated group, while these were completely absent in the extracts of T. lampas (300 mg/kg b.wt) treated groups (p &lt; 0.01). The present investigation established pharmacological evidence to support the folkloric claim of hepatoprotective activity of T. lampas.Key words: Thespesia lampas, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Rats, Root extracts  DOI = 10.3329/dujps.v7i1.1201Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(1): 11-13, 2008 (June)