Hepatoprotective Activity Of Aqueous Extract Research Articles

A study to evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of roots of Valeriana wallichii in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Background: Drugs for liver ailments have been important in research, but still the number of drugs acting on various hepatic diseases is very limited. This study, for the first time, evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of the roots of Valeriana Wallichii in albino rats. Methods: The hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl 4 . Animals were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I (Normal control) was given only distilled water. Group II (Negative control)was administered CCl 4 for 7 days while Group III (Positive control) was given silymarin and CCl 4 for 7 days. The test groups (Group IV & V) were given an aqueous extract of roots of V. Wallichii in a dose of 300 mg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The animals were sacrificed on 8 days and blood was collected for biochemical analysis (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase). Liver tissue was extracted for histopathological examination and in vivo antioxidant tests Catalase [CAT], glutathione and malondialdehyde. The extract was also subjected to in vitro antioxidant tests (Total reducing power and total phenolic content). Results: The test extracts in the dose of 500 mg/kg were shown a significant decrease in the levels of AST and ALT (p>0.05) and CAT activity. 300 mg/kg dose of extract showed minimal hepatoprotection. The findings were confirmatory to histopathology. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of roots of V. Wallichii in a dose of 500 mg/kg offers partial protection against hepatotoxicity produced by CCl 4 in albino rats.

In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Allium cepa bulb in ethanol induced liver damage in Wistar rats

The in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Allium cepa (A. cepa) bulb were evaluated in male rats against ethanol induced liver damage in preventive and curative models. The antioxidant activity of A. cepa was assayed and activities were compared to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The results revealed that the IC50 values of A. cepa bulb extract for DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical scavenging activities were 195.2±0.2, 374.7±0.4 and 182.5±1.7μg/mL, respectively. Liver injury was induced by 40% ethanol administration (3.76g/kgbw, orally) for 25 days. In two different sets of experiments, the A. cepa extracts (100, 300 and 600mg/kg bw) and silymarin (100mg/kg bw) were administered orally in preventive and curative models. Ethanol administration caused severe hepatic damage in rats as evidenced by elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels. The A. cepa and silymarin administration prevented the toxic effect of ethanol on the above serum parameters in both preventive and curative models. The present study concludes that aqueous extract of A. cepa bulb has significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ocimum americanum L Leaves against Paracetamol − Induced Liver Damage in Rats

This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Ocimum ameri-canum leaves against paracetamol – induced liver damage in rats. Hepatic damage was induced by paracetamol. Thereafter, the levels of some serum biochemical parameters such as alanine trasaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total bilirubin (TBIL) and total protein (TP) were investigated. The activities of ALP, AST, ALT and histological changes in the liver of rats were also determined. Silymarin was used as the standard hepatoprotective drug. The pre – treatment of rats with aqueous extract of O. americanum leaves caused a significant increase in the serum levels of TP and albumin. There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of ALP, AST, ALT and TBIL with a corresponding increase in the activities of ALP, AST and ALT in the liver of extract treated rats. The hepatoprotection was confirmed by histological examinations of liver sections of normal and treated rats. Furthermore, rats intoxicated with paracetamol alone had their serum ALP, AST, ALT and TBIL levels significantly increased, while TP and albumin concentrations decreased when compared with the normal rats. The aqueous extract of Ocimum americanum leaves at doses of 200 and 400 mg /kg p.o. have significant hepatoprotective ability against paracetamol – induced hepatic damage in rats.

Phytochemistry and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Amaranthus tricolor Linn. roots

Background:The genus Amaranthus has potential activity as a hepatoprotective agent.Objective:The present pharmacological investigation focuses on evaluation of the efficacy of aqueous extract of roots of Amaranthus tricolor Linn. for their protection against paracetamol (PCM) overdose induced hepatotoxicity.Materials and Methods:The aqueous extract of roots of A. tricolor Linn. was prepared and phytochemical screening was done. The biochemical investigation viz. serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total Bilirubin (TB) was done against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. The histopathological studies of liver were also done.Results:The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavanoids, amino acids, proteins, fixed oil, saponins and tannins, and phenolic compounds. Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of root significantly prevented the physical, biochemical, histological, and functional changes induced by paracetamol in the liver. The extract showed significant hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzyme activities like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and TB, which was supported by histopathological studies of liver. The aqueous extract showed significant hepatoprotective activity comparable with standard drug silymarin as well as hepatotoxin drug PCM.Conclusion:From these results, it is concluded that the A. tricolor has potential effectiveness in treating liver damage in a dose dependent manner.

Hepatoprotective effect of stem of Musa sapientum Linn in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride

Methods. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of central stem of Musa sapientum (AqMS) against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were divided into six groups. Group I served as normal control. Group II, III, IV, V & VI were administered CCl4 mixed with olive oil 1:1 (1.5 mL/kg) I.P., twice a week for 5 weeks. Group II was maintained as CCl4 intoxicated control. Group III, IV and V received AqMS at a dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Group VI received silymarin 100 mg/kg for 5 weeks orally once daily. Marker enzymes of hepatic functions estimated in serum were AST, ALT and ALP. Antioxidant parameters estimated were MDA and GSH in blood and liver and SOD in blood, after fifth week, animals were sacrificed, livers dissected out and evaluated for histomorphological changes.Results. There was significant rise in AST, ALT and ALP in CCl4 intoxicated control group II. Treatment with AqMS prevented rise in levels of these enzymes. There was significant rise in MDA and fall in GSH in blood and liver in group II, indicating increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress upon CCl4 ad-ministration. Treatment with AqMS prevented rise in MDA & increased GSH in treated group. SOD levels were decreased in group II while groups treated with AqMS showed significant rise (p < 0.05). Maximum hepatoprotective effect was observed with 50 mg/kg dose. Hepatoprotective effect observed with this dose was comparable to standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The results of pathological study also support the results of biochemical findings.Conclusion. the results of the present study indicate that stem of Musa sapientum possess hepatoprotective effect and probably it is due to it’s antioxidant property.

Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea in combination with lycopene in rats

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) in combination with lycopene against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (0.1 ml/kg b.w for 14 days). The aqueous extract of P. oleracea in combination with lycopene (50 mg/kg b.w) was administered to the experimental animals at two selected doses for 14 days. The hepatoprotective activity of the combination was evaluated by the liver function marker enzymes in the serum [aspartate transaminases (AST), alanine transaminases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk.P), total bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP) and total cholesterol (TC)], pentobarbitone induced sleeping time (PST) and histopathological studies of liver.Results:Both the treatment groups showed hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity by significantly restoring the levels of serum enzymes to normal which was comparable to that of silymarin group. Besides, the results obtained from PST and histopathological results also support the study.Conclusions:The oral administration of P. oleracea in combination with lycopene significantly ameliorates CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rats.

Protective Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum AqueousExtract on Thioacetamide-induced Fulminant HepaticFailure in Mice

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of aqueous extract from Platycodon grandiflorum (BC703) on thioacetamide (TA)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. We found that BC703 significantly decreased mortality and the change in serum transaminase following TA administration. The group treated with BC703 at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg produced significant hepatoprotective effects against TA-induced liver damage by decreasing the activities of serum enzymes, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manners. Histopathological studies further substantiated the protective effect of BC703. These results show the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract from Platycodon grandiflorum on thioacetamide-induced fulminant hepatic failure.

A search for hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L. against oxidative stress cytotoxicity

The protective effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L. fruit (75 and 100μg/ml) and also gallic acid (100μM) as one of its main components were examined against oxidative stress toxicity induced by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in isolated rat hepatocytes. Both extract concentrations and gallic acid (100μM) significantly (P<0.05) protected the hepatocyte against all oxidative stress markers including cell lysis, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria L. (75 and 100μg/ml) were more effective than gallic acid (100μM) in protecting hepatocytes against CHP induced lipid peroxidation (P<0.05). On the other hand gallic acid (100μM) acted more effective than aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria L. (75 and 100μg/ml) at preventing hepatocyte membrane lysis (P<0.05). In addition H2O2 scavenging effect of both extract concentrations (75 and 100μg/ml) were determined in hepatocytes and compared with gallic acid (100μM). Gallic acid (100μM) was more effective than aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria L. (75 and 100μg/ml) at H2O2 scavenging activity (P<0.05).

Hepatoprotective activity of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn extract in rats treated with ethanol: In vitro and in vivo studies

Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte and rats were used as the in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract from Thunbergia laurifolia (TLE). Ethanol was selected as hepatotoxin. Silymarin (SL) was the reference hepatoprotective agent. In the in vitro study, MTT reduction assay and release of transaminases (ALT and AST) were the criteria for cell viability. Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte (24 h culturing) were treated with ethanol (96 μl/ml) and various concentrations of TLE (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/ml) or SL (1, 2 and 3 mg/ml) for 2 h. Ethanol decreased MTT (%) nearly by half. Both TLE and SL increased MTT reduction and brought MTT (%) back to normal. Ethanol induced release of ALT and AST was also reduced by TLE (2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml) and SL (1 mg/ml). In the in vivo study, serum transaminases, serum triglyceride (STg) together with hepatic triglyceride (HTg) and histopathological examination were the criteria for evidences of liver injury. Ethanol (4 g/(kg day), po for 14 days) caused the increase in ALT, AST, HTg and centrilobular hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. TLE at 25 mg/(kg day), po, or SL at 5 mg/(kg day), po, for 7 days after ethanol enhanced liver cell recovery by bringing HTg, ALT and/or AST back to normal. These results suggest that TLE and SL possess the hepatoprotective activity against ethanol induced liver injury in both primary cultures of rat hepatocyte and rats.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Leaves of Feronia elephantum Correa (Rutaceae) Against Carbontetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Objective : The objective of the present investigation was to study hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Feronia elephantum Correa., Fam. Rutaceae using carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage model in rats. Methods : Liver damage in rats was produced by carbon tetrachloride (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) in olive oil. Aqueous extract of leaves of the plant was administered to rats daily for seven or fifteen days. The physical, functional and biochemical parameters were investigated. Histopathological changes in liver were studied. Concurrently Liv 52 ® was used as standard hepatoprotective agent. Results : The result indicated that physical, functional and biochemical changes produced by carbon tetrachloride were restored to normal by aqueous extract of the leaves of Feronia elephantum Liv 52 ® . The hepatoprotective action of aqueous extract of leaves and Liv 52 ® was confirmed by histopathological examination. Conclusion : The aqueous extract of leaves of Feronia elephantum showed hepatoprotective effect in carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage model in rats.