Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Exposure to Gas Flaring Among Residents of Oil-Producing Communities in Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study of Haematological Indices

Air pollution contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality globally. The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria flares the second largest amount of natural gas in the world, with residents of oil-producing communities bearing the burden of outdoor pollution that may have adverse effects on their health and well-being. Our study aimed to investigate the haematological indices of residents of a selected gas-flaring site. We conducted a cross-sectional study, wherein a total of eighty adults aged 24 to 73 years were recruited from communities located within a radius of approximately 5 to 10 km from the gas-flaring facility. Blood specimens were collected from consenting participants and analysed for various haematological parameters, including Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (HB), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), platelet count (PLT), White Blood Cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (NEU), lymphocytes (LYMs), and Monocyte + Basophil + Eosinophil (MXD). The analysis was performed using an automated Sysmex KX21N haematological analyser. Overall, there was a significant decrease in RBC counts (p < 0.001) and a significant elevation in WBCs (p < 0.001) among people residing within a 5 km radius compared to those residing within a 10 km radius. About 42.5% of males residing within a 5 Km radius exhibited low RBC counts in contrast to only 15% of males residing within a 10 km radius. The WBC levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the reference range among both males and females residing within a 5 km radius compared to those residing at a distance of 10 km. In the female population, 15% of individuals residing within a 5 km and 10 Km radius exhibited RBC levels below the reference category, while 7.5% showed RBC levels above the reference range. Exposure to gas flaring may alter haematological indices. It is, therefore, recommended that a comprehensive longitudinal study be conducted among residents of oil-producing communities and workers at gas-flaring facilities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to assess the potential environmental and health implications of their exposure to chemical pollutants.

Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a haematological parameter that indicates the range of sizes of red blood cells. It is now widely acknowledged as a prognostic indicator for ischaemic stroke. Aim and Objective: To Study theprognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) in outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Method: The cross-sectional study was undertaken at Aarupadi Veedu Medical College in Puducherry. It included 61 patients, aged 18-80 years, who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours. Clinical assessment of patient by NIHSS Score and measuring the outcome by modified Rankin scale. The study took place in both the Outpatient and Inpatient in Department of General Medicine. Results: The study indicates a notable proportion of male more than female ,older participants (64.0% aged 56 years and above), There is a significant occurrence of hypertension (62.3%) and diabetes mellitus (63.9%) a substantial frequency of individuals who do not smoke (63.9%), and a majority of participants who do not use alcohol (77.0%). Levels of RDW exhibited significant positive relationships with stroke severity. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) as a helpful predictive indicator in outcome of ischemic stroke. Increased RDW levels were observed to have a substantial correlate with more severe stroke and disability, as indicated by strong associations with NIHSS and mRS scores. The study emphasizes the usefulness of RDW in assessing the severity of ischaemic stroke and emphasizes the need for additional research to improve its clinical use.

Effectiveness of Ayush Rasayana A and B on the Quality of Life of Older Adults: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

With advancing age among older adults, the associated debilities increase, indicating a deteriorating health status as there is a gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality. Ayush Rasayana A and B are coded Ayurvedic medicines developed from herbal extracts. This study has been planned to prevent debilitating conditions and improve the quality of life (QOL) in older adults. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Ayush Rasayana A and B on the QOL, quality of sleep, and functionality of older adults, along with the tolerability of the intervention. This was a multicenter, open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial conducted with 720 participants aged 60 to 75 years. The participants were divided into 2 groups (intervention and control), with both receiving Ayurvedic ancillary treatment for 3 months. The intervention group additionally received 10 g of Ayush Rasayana A orally once daily at bedtime for 6 days, followed by 1.5 g of Ayush Rasayana B orally twice daily before food for the remaining 84 days. The assessment criteria included the Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, and shoulder and scapular movements. Any change in hematological and biochemical parameters and occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events were also assessed during the study period. The recruitment of the participants started in December 2023, and the final follow-up was completed in April 2024. Out of the total 720 enrolled participants, 686 (95.3%) completed the study up to the last follow-up. This study may provide evidence-based data to establish preventive treatment protocols for enhancing the QOL and functionality among older adults. The study results may also be helpful for the planning of interdisciplinary health policies for improving the health conditions of different populations. DERR1-10.2196/58186.

Inhibition of selective factor Xa suppresses type 1 diabetes development in mice via the CXCL16 chemokine

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with enhanced thrombosis potential. This research aims to investigate the role of coagulation system activation and CXCL16 in T1DM progression and the possible preventive effect of the selective Factor Xa inhibitor, Fondaparinux (Fond). Forty male Wistar albino mice were classified into 4 groups. Control, Fond, Streptozotocin (STZ), and Fond + STZ groups. Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters, expressions of CXCL16, insulin, fibrinogen, and PAR-2, were investigated. A significant increase in blood glucose level and expressions of CXCL16, fibrinogen, and PAR-2, together with histological and nuclear changes in the pancreatic islets, was observed in STZ-treated mice, accompanied by a reduction in the serum insulin level. Fond improved the deleterious effects resulting from STZ treatment. In conclusion, coagulation system activation and CXCL16 play a critical role in the initiation of T1DM and could be used as therapeutic targets for T1DM prevention.

Hematological Parameters in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Hematological Parameters in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

CORRELATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN MULTIPLE BIOFLUIDS OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS

A study established that patients with ESRD have high oxidative stress levels that spike the progression of the disease and its complications. Knowledge about the levels of the Oxidative stress biomarkers in various biofluids including Urine, serum, and saliva can explain the oxidative condition and probable diagnostic accuracy of these markers in ESRD patients. A descriptive cross-sectional exploratory research design was used to perform a comparison of 50 ESRD patients with 50 healthy subjects. On demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters data were obtained. Blood MDA, 8-OHdG, and saliva TAC were determined as the indicators of oxidative stress. Multivariate analysis was conducted to compare the levels of these markers in the biofluids and probable neurological disorders, and the participants’ demographic and clinical data were evaluated. Demographic profiling revealed that ESRD patients’ mean BMI was 26.3 ± 3.9 kg/m², compared to controls 24.8 ± 3.4 km/m², p = 0.032; more of them being smokers’ p = 0.045. ESRD patient’s general hematologic profile showed that their mean hemoglobin level was 10.2 ± 1.5 g/dL and the mean hematocrit was 32.5 ± 4.3 % and the difference was significant when compared with the control group (p<0.05). ESRD was associated with an increase in WMBC, percentage of neutrophils, and CRP level compared with the control group (p<0.05). Acute phase marker study indicates that the MDA level was significantly higher in serum (5.6 ± 1.1 nmol/L) than in urine (3.2 ± 0.8 nmol/L) and saliva (2.8 ± 0.7 nmol/L, p=0.016). The levels of 8-OHdG were significantly higher in serum (10.3 ± 2.1 ng/mL) than in urine and saliva (p=0.027). Salivary TAC was the least suggesting reduced antioxidant defense (p<0.05). The study revealed that ESRD patients have increased levels in the markers of oxidative stress in urine and serum samples, as well as saliva compared to healthy individuals. The studies have identified serum as the most representative biofluid for evaluating oxidative stress in ESRD and therefore assured the practical application of the results for the identification of the best candidates for early interventions.

DETECTION OF CLINICAL BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATO AND RENAL MANIFESTATIONS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread in many countries worldwide, surpassing one million confirmed cases and resulting in deaths globally. Developing nations such as Pakistan face heightened vulnerability to such outbreaks due to limited healthcare infrastructure and resources. This study examines clinical biomarkers linked to hepatic and renal manifestations in COVID-19 patients in North Waziristan, recognizing the vulnerability of developing countries like Pakistan to such pandemics due to limited healthcare resources. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 110 suspected COVID-19 patients visiting Dr. Azim Ullah clinic and DHQ Hospital North Waziristan, Miran Shah. Hematological, hepatic, renal, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin markers were assessed. Most patients were male (75%), with varying age distributions. Abnormalities were observed in hematological parameters, liver enzymes, renal function markers, CRP, and ferritin levels. Significant correlations (p<0.001) were found among these markers. The study concludes that inflammatory, hematological, renal, and liver markers are associated with COVID-19 infection, with higher levels indicating severe disease. Continuous monitoring of these biomarkers may enhance patient outcomes and aid in predicting disease progression

Controlled Coffee Intake Enhances Erythrocyte Deformability, Na,K-ATPase Activity, and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Healthy Young Adults

Background: Published studies suggest that regular coffee consumption may reduce the risk of various diseases. However, many of these studies relied on questionnaire-based data, limiting their ability to identify the specific biological mechanisms behind the observed effects. This study focuses on controlled coffee consumption among healthy young adults to clarify its effects on erythrocyte properties. The functional condition of erythrocytes is important as it affects both macro- and microcirculation. Additionally, since erythrocytes are not true cells, they are particularly sensitive to biochemical and biophysical changes when exposed to biologically active substances. Methods: After a washout period, 33 healthy young volunteers were asked to consume a standardized dose of a coffee beverage daily for 3 weeks. Basic hematological and body composition parameters were recorded before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte functional status was evaluated based on the following measurements: deformability, osmotic resistance, Na,K-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide production, along with monitoring oxidative stress markers. Results: After a coffee consumption period, both erythrocyte count and hematocrit value increased, while body composition remained unchanged. Erythrocyte deformability improved across a range of shear stress values typical of human circulation. This improvement was accompanied with enhanced Na,K-ATPase activity in erythrocyte membranes in the wide range of sodium ion concentrations, as well as increased nitric oxide production by erythrocytes. Additionally, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating a shift towards a more favorable antioxidant balance, was observed in erythrocytes following the coffee intake period. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that controlled coffee intake in healthy young adults can positively influence various indices of erythrocyte functional status. Although the observed statistically significant changes were modest, the findings consistently indicate a positive modulation of erythrocyte properties—cell deformability, oxidative resilience, and active membrane transport of cations—following coffee consumption.

Using RET-He and Delta-He in the Sysmex XN-1000V Analyzer to Differentiate Between Chronic Hemorrhagic and Chronic Inflammatory Anemia in Small Animals

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia (CHA) and anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) are difficult to differentiate in small animals using hematology. Advanced hematological parameters (RET-He, Delta-He and %Hypo-He) are used in humans to discriminate between types of non-regenerative anemia. Whether they could be useful in the diagnosis of CHA and ACI in small animals is unknown. We evaluated these parameters in the Sysmex XN-1000V analyzer in a population of non-anemic and anemic dogs and cats. Delta-He was significantly different between dogs with CHA and ACI. Moreover, Delta-He and RET-He were different between healthy and non-anemic dogs with inflammation. Neither of these two statements was true for cats. We also report the reference ranges for these parameters using the Sysmex XN-1000V. Although additional clinical and laboratory information should always be considered, the measurement of these parameters using this analyzer can help clinicians to classify type of anemia.

Effect of dietary Anabaena supplementation on nutrient utilization, metabolism and oxidative stress response in Catla catla fingerlings

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Anabaena blue-green algae (ABGA) meal on the growth performance, digestibility, and physio-metabolic responses of Catla catla fingerlings (initial average weight 9.45 ± 0.15 g). Six iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein) and iso-caloric (378.09 Kcal. digestible energy/100 g) diets were formulated: a control diet (A0, 0% ABGA) and five experimental diets with varying ABGA inclusion levels (A3: 3%, A6: 6%, A9: 9%, A12: 12%, A15: 15%). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental groups. Additionally, dietary ABGA did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) body carcass composition among different groups. However, amylase activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the A12 and A15 fed groups, whereas lipase and protease activities remained insignificant (P > 0.05) across all groups. Notably, oxidative stress responses (SOD; superoxide dismutase and CAT; catalase), carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (LDH; lactate dehydrogenase and MDH; malate dehydrogenase), and serum glucose levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) with higher ABGA inclusion. Conversely, serum albumin content significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the ABGA-fed groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed in serum total protein, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities among the experimental groups. Hematological parameters revealed that RBC (red blood cell) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while WBC (white blood cell) count significantly (P < 0.05) increased with higher dietary ABGA inclusion. In conclusion, the inclusion of dietary ABGA up to 15% did not impair nutrient utilization and supported normal growth performance in C. catla fingerlings. However, higher inclusion levels may have a detrimental effect on their growth, nutrient utilization, and physio-metabolic responses.

Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of COVID-19 disease

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID-19 disease and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 disease. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 disease, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity. Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 disease at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being &lt; 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and &gt; 10.434 respectively.

Predictive biomarkers for severity of respiratory syndrome: the role of eGFR and hematological parameters in ICU patients

Introduction: Studying respiratory syndromes like COVID-19 is crucial for understanding viral-induced inflammatory responses and their impact on organ function. Insights from these studies are essential for managing current and future pandemics and improving patient outcomes in respiratory health crises. This study investigates the behavior of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its correlation with hematological parameters in ICU patients with COVID-19. Objective: To assess eGFR behavior and its correlation with hematological parameters in respiratory syndromes ICU patients. Materials and Methods: 217 patient records were analyzed, with 144 discharged and 73 deaths. Patients were divided into discharge and death groups and laboratory parameters such as glomerular filtration rate and blood count were.evaluated at admission and outcome. Results and Discussion: There was a significant reduction in eGFR among patients in the death group at both admission and outcome. Significant correlations were observed between eGFR and hemoglobin (Hb), total neutrophils (N), and platelets (PLT) at the outcome. These findings suggest that the reduction in eGFR is a predictor of poor prognosis in COVID-19 ICU patients. Additionally, the significant correlations between eGFR and hematological parameters highlight their role in the inflammatory process and clinical deterioration. Conclusion: The reduction of eGFR is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in ICU patients with COVID-19. Significant correlations between eGFR and hematological parameters underscore their importance in the inflammatory process and disease progression. Studying respiratory syndromes like COVID-19 is crucial for understanding viral-induced inflammatory responses and improving critical care strategies for future respiratory health crises.

Toxicity Assessment of Ethanol Extract of Saussurea lappa (Costus) Root in Male Wistar Rats

: Background and Objective: Saussurea lappa is a medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of various disease conditions for decades. Researchers have provided diversified characteristics of this medicinal plant, enormous data about the bioactive compounds and as well its pharmacological properties. However, information regarding toxicity study of Saussurea lappa root is lacking. The acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract was investigated in this study using an in vivo model (male Wistar rats). Materials and Method: The acute toxicity study was done in two phases: Phase One comprised four groups of three rats each which were administered with 50 mg, 100 mg and 1600 mg per kg bodyweight ethanolic extract of S. lappa while the last group (control) was given water and normal fed once. Phase Two involved administering 1600 mg, 2900 mg and 5000 mg per bodyweight. The median lethal dose of the plant was determined in the acute toxicity study. In sub-chronic toxicity studies, the effects of S. lappa root ethanol extract in daily single oral administration at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg during 28 days were determined. The blood haematological and biochemical parameters as well as the histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys were studied. Results: In acute study, a single administration of the Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not cause mortality of animals all through the study. Thus, the median lethal dose (LD50) of Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Saussurea lappa root ethanolic extract caused no significant effect in the haematological and biochemical parameters of the treated groups when compared to the control. There were also no noticeable histological changes in the liver and kidneys of the Saussurea lappa treated rats compared to controls.. Conclusion: These results have shown that oral administration of Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract did not yield any significant toxic effect when acutely and daily administered for 28 days in the male Wistar rats. Hence, Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract could be regarded as a safe natural product for therapeutic use.

Hair and Blood Trace Elements (Cadmium, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Iron and Copper) Biomonitoring in the Athletic Horse: The Potential Role of Haematological Parameters as Biomarkers

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Chrome (Cr), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu), in the blood, serum, tail and mane of horses from the industrialized area of Milazzo (Messina, Sicily), to understand the relationships between haematological parameters: Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLTs) and the concentrations of trace elements. Blood and hair samples from 20 healthy Italian Saddle horses and water, hay and concentrates samples were obtained to determine the haemogram and mineral concentration using a Thermo Scientific iCAP-Q ICP-MS spectrometer. Descriptive analysis showed a higher concentration of Zn, Cr, Pb, Fe, and Cu in the blood and a higher concentration of Cd in the tail than other substrates. A positive correlation was found for Cr (p &lt; 0.0001) and Zn (p &lt; 0.01) between blood and serum substrates, for Zn (p &lt; 0.001) between mane and tail and for Pb (p &lt; 0.01) between blood and mane, while a negative correlation was observed for Cr (p &lt; 0.01) between blood and tail. Results showed a close relationship between the bioaccumulation of certain trace elements in biological substrates and haematological parameters, which represent useful biomarkers suggesting further studies, given the role of haematological parameters in athletic horses.

Hematological Changes in Pre and Post Dialysis in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Comparative Study at Zawia Hospital

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. The progression of CKD is associated with several serious complications and changes in blood composition. Thus, patients with CKD require dialysis to manage the disease. This study assessed the impact of haemodialysis on changes in pre and post haematological parameters in CKD patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Al-Zawiya Dialysis Hospital in Libya. Sixty patients with CKD were regularly undergoing haemodialysis three times a week. Data were analysed by SPSS 24.0 version. The study shows significant differences in blood parameters before-dialysis and after-dialysis levels. The mean WBC 6.22 × 10^3/µL to 6.03 × 10^3/µL, (p = 0.0045), the mean RBC 3.56 × 10^6/µL to 3.66 × 10^6/µL, (p = 0.001), the mean HCT in pre and post-haemodialysis was 32.01% to 32.71% (p = 0.018), the mean Haemoglobin 10.11 g/Dl in pre - dialysis to 10.32 g/dL post - dialysis (p = 0.027 ), the mean MCV 90.24 fL to 89.69 fL ,(p &lt; 0.0001), the mean MCH in pre and MCH in pre and post-haemodialysis post- haemodialysis was 28.58 pg to 28.5 pg,(p &lt; 0.0001), the mean MCHC in pre and post-haemodialysis (p = 0.003), and PLT was 241.08 × 10^3/µL to 240.46 × 10^3/µL in pre and post-haemodialysis, (p = 0.002). The different degrees of abnormality in haematological parameters in patients with renal disease under haemodialysis need careful evaluation and management. Routine assessment of these parameters is important in treatment and can help lower morbidity and mortality rates among these patients

Pentoxifylline improves anemia through its novel effect on hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objectives This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to prospectively examine the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) and its role in controlling anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Eighty patients on HD were randomized to receive 400 mg of PTX or placebo twice daily for 6 months. The hemoglobin (Hb) and other hematologic parameters, the weekly erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and the ESA resistance index (ERI) were assessed monthly during the study. The HIF-2α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs.CRP) were measured before and after the intervention. Results In the pentoxifylline group, an appreciable increase in Hb from 9.7 (9.3, 10.3) g/dl to 10.5 (9.3, 11.4) g/dl and hematocrit (Hct) from 31.3 (29.6, 32.4)% to 33.2 (29.4, 35.9)% was observed after one month of PTX administration, and this effect was maintained over the study time (p < 0.001). This was along with a decrease in the ESA doses required from 8000 (8000, 11500) IU/wk to 4000 (2000, 8000) IU/wk (p < 0.001), and an improvement in the ERI from 11.6 (8.07, 16.97) IU/kg/wk/g/dl to 5.79 (2.01, 10.09) IU/kg/wk/g/dl (p < 0.001). Additionally, the HIF-2α increased significantly at the end of the intervention in patients who received PTX from 3245.35 (2886.8, 4691.56) pg/ml to 7208.75 (5382, 9182.7) pg/ml, while TGF-β1 and hs.CRP decreased significantly from 657.78 (539.78, 1146.62) pg/ml and 88.08 (39.93, 100.4) mg/l to 329.94 (228.67, 793.18) pg/ml and 48.65 (34.44, 84.61) mg/l, respectively. The percent changes in HIF-2α, TGF-β1, and hs.CRP levels in the pentoxifylline group were also statistically significant in comparison with the placebo group. Conclusions PTX could be a promising agent for correcting anemia in HD patients via increasing HIF-2α levels. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, February 2023, registry number: NCT05708248.

Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Red Seaweed (Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis) on Growth and Haematological Parameters of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

ABSTRACTSeaweed is multicellular marine macroalgae that enhances the immunity of aquatic organisms. The study was designed to assess the ethanolic extract (EtOH) extracted from red seaweed (Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to evaluate growth, immunity and haematological parameters. The EtOH was applied with fish feed in four treatments such as T1‐control (0% EtOH), T2 (5% w/v EtOH), T3 (10% w/v EtOH) and T4 (15% w/v EtOH) each with three replicates. The initial average weight of the fish was 17.53 ± 2.1 g. Results showed that the growth increased gradually with the percentage of red seaweed extract, whereas the mean weight gain was found significantly higher in T4 (51.5 ± 4.2) than in the control. The specific growth rate (%) and survival rate (%) were found higher in T4 at the lowest FCR compared to other treatments (p &lt; 0.05). The blood haemoglobin level of Nile tilapia was higher in T4 (11.5 g/dL) and lowest recorded in T1 (7.5 g/dL). However, the level of blood glucose interacted inversely with blood haemoglobin. The plasma protein level was also varied among the treatments (p &gt; 0.05). The blood parameters, refractive index (RI) and spleen somatic index (SSI) were significantly different among the treatments. The RI of blood plasma and SSI were found to be better in T4 treatment. The research indicated that red seaweed extracts significantly enhanced the growth and boosted the immunity level of Nile tilapia.

Determining the appropriate concentration of an anesthetic mixture in three different fish species with the PROMETHEE decision model

Anesthesia is applied to protect fish welfare for reducing employee workload in aquaculture. The efficacy of the anesthetic agent varies depending on the fish species. In this study, the effect of a commercial anesthetic (VetiVital AquaSED) manufactured mainly with herbal extracts (includes eugenol, linalool, linalyl acetat etc.) on three different fish species (rainbow trout, common carp, and Danube sturgeon) was investigated. In addition, the best available concentration of the anesthetic mixture for each species was determined using the PROMETHEE decision model. Danube sturgeon showed more resistance to anesthetics than the other two species. It was determined that the increase in concentration caused histological deterioration in fish. On the other hand, hematological parameters were affected by the anesthetic mixture, and this effect returned to normal levels after 8 h. According to the multi-criteria decision model, the best available concentrations determined by considering 10 different criteria are 400, 480, and 675 mg L−1 for rainbow trout, common carp and Danube sturgeon, respectively. Future studies should focus on developing the most appropriate anesthesia mixture in terms of physiological and anesthesia effectiveness for the target fish species.

Temperature-induced changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia anesthetized with Ocimum basilicum

Temperature-induced changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia anesthetized with Ocimum basilicum

A case of methotrexate toxicity in induced abortion

Background: Methotrexate is an anticancer drug from the antimetabolite class which is being used in cases of unruptured ectopic pregnancy and as an abortifacient as well. Giving correct dosage according to the body weight and body surface area is of utmost importance to avoid the complications.Case: A 29-year-old, G4P3L3 at 8+3 weeks of gestation with previous three cesarean sections, presented to our hospital with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, multiple episodes of diarrhea and vomiting and oral ulcers for two days. On enquiring, it was found that she received two doses of injection methotrexate (75 and 50 mg) as an abortifacient for an unwanted intrauterine pregnancy from a local doctor nearby. On presentation, her general condition was poor, she was dehydrated, temperature was 101.3°F, pulse rate was 130 beats/minute, blood pressure was 102/64mmHg, respiratory rate was 25/minute and SPO2 was 99% on room air. Her body weight was 55 kgs. Skin pigmentation and multiple oral ulcers were present. Per speculum and per vaginal examination was suggestive of minimal spotting and bulky uterus. Initial blood investigations revealed a hemoglobin level of 8.8 gm/dl, TLC of 1000/mm3, platelet count of 1.45L, INR of 1.37, and normal liver and renal function tests. A provisional diagnosis of methotrexate toxicity was made. Management of the patient was started in consultation with medical oncologist along with supportive treatment. She received IV fluids, antibiotics, and blood products (2-unit PCV and 12-RDP). She received oral leucoverin 15 mg QID and two doses of 300 mg granulocyte stimulating factor each. Gradually, her condition improved and thereafter tablet misoprostol was given for abortion. She was discharged after 13 days of hospital stay with contraceptive advice.Conclusion: The successful management of this case who presented with a constellation of symptoms and deteriorating hematological parameters exhibits the significance of a multidisciplinary approach and vigilant monitoring. Strategies to reduce the side effects and their early recognition include a safety checking procedure like SMART (safety of methotrexate therapy by assessing risks and toxicity) and determining plasma methotrexate concentrations.