Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Artificial intelligence systems for predicting disease outcomes in chronic ischemic heart disease patients who have undergone cardiac surgery in respect of anemic syndrome (review).

Materials and methods. The PubMed and RSCI databases were analyzed covering the period of 2000-2023. 906 articles were found using the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “anemia”, coronary artery disease”, “hemoglobin”, “cardiac surgery”, of which 38 met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Results. In a number of countries around the world, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have now been created to predict the course of IHD, however, at the moment, data have been published on the single system with AI elements, presented by the developers of the University of Turin (Italy). It has the functionality of predicting the course of IHD and complications of invasive procedures for IHD against the background of anemic syndrome, based on the use of the HAS-BLEED scale. The increase in the number of CABG operations determines the importance of further research into their long-term results and the development of programs for their management, which will take into account such factors that are important for choosing a strategy for their management and the possibility of influencing the risks of an unfavorable prognosis. This review presents published data on the developed and used digital products based on artificial intelligence intended for the management of patients with coronary artery disease, including taking into account basic hematological parameters. Conclusion. Analysis of existing developed AI systems showed a focus on solving prognostic issues. At the same time, in our opinion, the range of analyzed parameters is not wide enough, in particular, taking into account the presence of anemia, which plays one of the key roles in modifying the risk of adverse outcomes (coronary deaths, repeated acute coronary events, progression of CHF).

Temperature and water availability induce chronic stress responses in Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata).

Animals initiate physiological mechanisms to re-establish homeostasis following environmental stress. To understand how bird physiology responds to abiotic stress, we quantified changes in hematological markers of chronic stress response and body condition of male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) acclimated for 18 weeks to hot and cool temperatures (daytime temperature: 40°C and 23°C) with water available ad libitum or restricted during half of the active phase. Ambient temperature induced greater chronic stress than restricted water availability. While cool compared to hot temperatures induced higher numbers of heterophils and H : L ratios and declined total leucocyte counts, water restriction decreased the number of lymphocytes compared to water ad libitum. Body condition correlated with hematological parameters showing that birds with better condition had greater capacity to face environmental stress. Therefore, prolonged exposure to cool periods may result in chronic stress in zebra finches, especially, if body condition is weakened.

Sonographic Assessment of Splenic Manifestations in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Its Relation to Hematological Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Basra, Iraq

Sonographic Assessment of Splenic Manifestations in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Its Relation to Hematological Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Basra, Iraq

Anti-plasmodial activity of artemether-lumefantrine-tinidazole on plasmodium falciparum infected humans

Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has intensified the search for effective compounds. This study aimed to evaluates the combined effects of tinidazole and artemether/lumefantrine on human participants infected with P. falciparum. Methods: The study involved 25 non-infected adults as controls and 75 infected adults, divided into three groups of 25. The groups were treated orally with 1g of Tinidazole (T) twice daily for 3 days, an 8-hourly initial dose followed by 12-hourly 80mg/480mg doses of Artemether/Lumefantrine (AL) for 3 days, and a combination of 1g tinidazole and artemether/lumefantrine (80mg/480mg) for 3 days. Venous blood samples were taken on days 0, 4, and 14 to evaluate renal function, parasitemia, hematological parameters, lipid profiles, and antioxidant measures (catalase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde). Results: The percentage recovery with AL, T, and the combination of T and AL was 88%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. Malaria patients exhibited significantly lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and higher levels of white blood cells, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde compared to the control group. Post-treatment, there was a modest reversal on day 4 and a significant return to normal ranges by day 14. Malaria infection did not affect urea or creatinine levels. Conclusions: Tinidazole shows potential as a treatment for P. falciparum, with enhanced efficacy when combined with artemether/lumefantrine.

Antimutagenic and anticoagulant therapeutic effects of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles from Olea europaea leaf extract: mitigating metribuzin-induced hepato-and nephrotoxicity

BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (Ag/Ag₂O NPs) have garnered attention for their potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, showing promise for therapeutic applications, particularly in mitigating chemical-induced toxicity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to synthesize Ag/Ag₂O NPs using Olea europaea (olive) leaf extract as a green, eco-friendly reducing agent and evaluate their protective effects against metribuzin-induced toxicity in Wistar rats, focusing on oxidative stress, hematological parameters, and lipid profiles, with specific dose optimization.MethodologyAg/Ag₂O NPs were synthesized using Olea europaea leaf extract, and their properties were confirmed via XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Wistar rats exposed to metribuzin (110 mg/kg/day) were treated with two doses of Ag/Ag₂O NPs (0.062 mg/kg and 0.125 mg/kg). Hematological and biochemical markers were assessed to evaluate the NPs’ protective effects.ResultsPhysicochemical characterization confirmed the successful formation of Ag/Ag₂O NPs loaded with phytochemicals, exhibiting crystallite sizes of 23 nm and 19 nm, a particle size of 25 nm, and significant peaks in XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectra indicating the formation of Ag/Ag₂O. Metribuzin exposure led to significant hematological disruptions (elevated WBC, reduced RBC and hemoglobin) and worsened lipid profiles (increased cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides). The lower NP dose (0.062 mg/kg) improved WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, and platelet counts, normalized lipid levels, and positively influenced biochemical markers such as serum creatinine and uric acid. In contrast, the higher NP dose (0.125 mg/kg) showed mixed results, with some improvements but an increase in triglycerides and continued elevation of ASAT and ALAT enzyme levels.ConclusionAg/Ag₂O NPs synthesized via green methods using olive leaf extract effectively mitigated metribuzin-induced toxicity, especially at lower doses, by improving oxidative stress markers and hematological and biochemical profiles. Dose optimization is crucial to maximize therapeutic benefits and minimize adverse effects, underscoring their potential in treating chemical-induced toxicity.

Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation with a focus on haematology parameters

The use of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) has steadily increased since the 1950s. RF-EMR is used in medicine, industry, household appliances, security and navigation, and especially in wireless elecommunications and animal husbandry. The widespread use of RF-EMR, especially with the introduction of 5G networks, raises concerns about potential adverse effects on human and animal health. The effects and mechanisms of RF-EMR impacts of 5G network frequencies on human and animal health are still unknown orpoorly understood. Current research findings include the biological effects of RF-EMR on genotoxicity, cell proliferation, gene expression, cell signalling, cell membrane function, and the function of immune, ematopoietic, and reproductive systems. Exposure of humans and laboratory animals to RF-EMR emitted from cell phones and many other electronic devices of 4G and older technologies has been shown to have detrimental effects on blood cells and to cause changes in the complete blood count. This depends on the type of organisms exposed, sources,frequency, electric field level and duration of exposure. There is sparse data in the available literature on the effects of RF-EMR on haematology indicators and erythrocyte morphometry in domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this scientific review is to highlight the effects of RF-EMR on haematology indicators, erythrocyte morphometry, and platelet activation in humans and animals, taking into account the findings on the effects of 5G electromagnetic radiation on these indicators. Considering the ubiquitous electromagnetic pollution, it is important to gain knowledge about the effects of RF-EMR on human and animal health. In addition, it is necessary to determine the effects following in vitro exposure of blood to RF-EMR, especially due to the storage and use of blood and blood products in transfusion medicine.

Antioxidant Activity of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation Technique and Evaluating the Toxicity on Blood Human Components (in vitro)

DPPH is one of the most widely used tests with scavenged-free radical effect, in which the color turns to yellow when tested onto a free stable dark-purple tulip, where natural antioxidants are returned by an electron and a proton. The optical, structural properties of Al2O NPs prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) Nd: YAG laser method at various energies (500,800,1000 mJ) were studied using color absorbance, UV–VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the average particle size is less than 41 nm. Spectroscopic analyses were used to study the antioxidant activity of Al2O3 nanoparticles by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The DPPH displacement was shown to be directly proportional to the high energies according to the results. The increased energy of (500, 800 and 1000 mJ) for free radicals are at (64.53 ± 5.487)%, (74.00 ± 2.887)% and (84.67 ± 4.372)% respectively, as compared to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the toxicity of these nanoparticles on human blood parameters was studied using the complete blood count (CBC) (in vitro) by hematological parameters (PLT), (HGB–Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells, and are compared to control groups. Our results demonstrate no significant changes in levels of (PLT), (HGB–Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells between test and control groups. This data suggests that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have no harmful effect on hematological parameters (in vitro).

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and methanol root extract of Tetracera alnifolia in male albino rats

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of Tetracera alnifolia as well as the effects on some biochemical parameters in albino rats as many plants used in traditional medicine lack scientific and clinical evidence to support a better understanding of their safety and efficacy. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the pulverised root of Tetracera alnifolia was carried out using previously reported protocol. Sub-acute toxicity study of each extract was done for 28 days followed by organs function tests and histopathology studies of the liver, kidney and heart. Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress marker to ascertain the effect of each extract on lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant property was done after administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of each extract for a period of thirty-five days. Acute toxicity study of each extract gave oral LD50 (rat) of greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with no signs of toxicity. Sub-acute toxicity study showed both extracts were non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and blood at doses between 200 and 3000 mg/Kg body weight assessed by the respective organ function tests, hematological parameters, and histopathology study. However, higher doses seem toxic to the liver particularly at 5000 mg/kg B. W due to increase in plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities accompanied with reduced protein and albumin concentrations. Effects of each extracts at 200 mg/Kg body weight on some biochemical parameters revealed no significant difference in lipid profile parameters and no lipid peroxidation. Each extract may possess antioxidant property due to increase in catalase activity. The result from this research may help validate the safety of the oral use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Withania coagulans root powder effect on growth, hematology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, serum immune response, and tolerance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp

AbstractObjectiveThe use of plant‐derived products in aquaculture has garnered considerable attention due to their potential benefits. This study investigated the impact of supplementing Withania coagulans root powder (WCRP) in the diet of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio on various parameters, including growth performance, digestive enzymes, hematology, antioxidant activity, and immunological aspects.MethodsCommon Carp (mean weight ± standard deviation = 11.69 ± 0.48 g) were divided into four groups in triplicate, receiving different WCRP concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%; labeled as WCRP0, WCRP1.0, WCRP1.5, and WCRP2.0, respectively) over a 60‐day period, followed by an experimental challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to assess the relative percentage survival (RPS) over 14 days.ResultResults showed that Common Carp receiving WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, with reduced feed conversion ratios (FCRs) being particularly evident in WCRP1.5. Polynomial contrasts indicated significant linear and quadratic effects on weight gain and FCR. Additionally, WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 supplementation led to significantly higher activity of digestive enzymes (lipase and protease). Hematological parameters, including white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were significantly elevated in fish that were fed WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 compared to the control group. Moreover, serum parameters, such as total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total immunoglobulins, were significantly enhanced in WCRP1.5‐ and WCRP2.0‐treated fish. Notably, the WCRP1.5 group showed the lowest serum cortisol levels. The RPS was highest in WCRP1.5 (73.77%), followed by WCRP2.0 (70.43%), compared to the other groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, supplementation with WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 effectively improved both growth and health parameters in Common Carp.

The association between hematological markers of inflammation and chronic cannabis use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

IntroductionCannabinoids, both natural and synthetic, are a subject of scientific interest. Cannabis is widely used, and its impact on health and the immune system is being studied. The endocannabinoid system influences inflammation, including the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), a potential diagnostic tool. Our study investigates the connection between cannabis use and NLR.MethodsOur systematic review was registered in Prospero (#CRD42023463539). We searched six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete) for records in English from inception to May 2024. We included observational studies that measured the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in cannabis users and control participants. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to assess the quality of the included studies. We selected a random-effects model, and the statistical analysis was performed using Stata software version 17.ResultsOut of a total of 4,054 records, only five articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. All of these chosen studies utilized a retrospective design. Furthermore, it's worth noting that all of the studies included were of high quality. In five studies involving 3,359 cannabis users and 10,437 non-users, no significant difference in NLR was found (WMD: 0.12 [-0.16, 0.41], I2: 39.89%). Subgroup analysis on healthy and schizophrenia participants didn't show significant NLR differences (p=0.76). Secondary analysis revealed cannabis users had higher Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) (67.80 [44.54, 91.06]), neutrophil count (0.68 [0.25, 1.12]), white blood cell count (0.92 [0.43, 1.41]), monocyte count (0.11 [0.05, 0.16]), and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) (83.48 [5.92, 157.04]) compared to non-usersConclusionOur systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that cannabis use may affect NLR and hematologic parameters, suggesting a potential immune impact. Complex associations exist, requiring further research. Schizophrenia and pro-inflammatory factors are discussed, highlighting the need for ongoing investigation into cannabis-related immune changes and mental health.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023463539.

A systematic review of lithium biology and pharmacology and toxicological evaluation of new organic lithium salts

Objective: to systematize scientific data on biomedical studies investigating trace element lithium over the past 70 years; evaluate toxic properties of lithium ascorbate (LiAsc) as an important promising candidate molecule.Material and methods. An analysis of 49,959 publications on lithium biomedical research retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE database was carried out using modern data mining methods developed within the framework of topological approach to recognizing (Yu.I. Zhuravlev scientific school). Publications found by experts and not indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE were used in discussing the results of a systematic analysis of publications array retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE. An experimental study of chronic 180 day-long LiAsc (at doses of 5, 50 and 150 mg/kg) toxicity was performed on 36 “Soviet chinchilla” rabbits by assessing local irritant action. Intoxication clinical picture, body weight dynamics, water and food intake as well as physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed.Results. Classification and systematization of all currently available publications on lithium biology and medicine were performed. It was shown that pharmacological applications of lithium salts in mental disorders as well as lithium effects on simple sugars metabolism, lipid metabolism, blood pressure regulation, hematopoiesis, inflammation and tumor growth inhibition, neurotransmitter homeostasis, neurotrophic and neuroprotective molecular mechanisms as well as homeostasis of other electrolytes comprised promising fields of lithium drug research. The prospects for using organic lithium salts, particularly LiAsc, for various therapeutic goals were also discussed. 180-day-long oral administration of LiAsc at doses of 5, 50, 150 mg/kg resulted in no macroscopic signs of local inflammatory reaction while examining its local irritant effect.Conclusion. The lithium-ion effect on neurotransmitters promotes neuroprotection and reduces a risk of addiction. The antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antitumor and neurotrophic effects related to organic lithium salts may be beneficial in various therapeutic applications.

Impact of varying levels of soy hulls and β-mannanase enzyme supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient utilization and blood biochemical profile in broiler chickens

Two hundred and forty day-old broilers were randomly assigned to six experimental groups in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The birds were fed diets containing soybean hulls (SH) at the levels of 4% and 6% and β-Mannanase (BM) at the concentration of 0%, 0.05% and 0.1%. Results indicated significant effects of SH and BM supplementation on body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG), with birds fed 4% SH and 0.1% BM exhibiting higher (p < 0.05) body weight and weight gain compared to other groups. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (p < 0.05) in birds receiving 4% SH with 0.1% BM supplementation. However, no significant effects were observed on carcase traits across treatment groups. Regarding nutrient digestibility, birds supplemented with 0.1% BM showed improved (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared to those without BM supplementation. No significant variations were observed in dry matter, crude fibre and ether extract utilisation among treatment groups. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not influenced by SH and BM supplementation, indicating no adverse effects on blood parameters. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential advantages of incorporating 4% SH and 0.1% BM in broiler diets for enhanced growth performance and nutrient utilisation.

Effect of Lactobacillus Probiotic Supplement on Growth and Haematological Performance of Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita

The influence of probiotics bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus improves the survival, growth, and Hematological performance of the Indian major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita). After acclimation, a 60-day experimental study was conducted with four different types of treatments; namely, T1: Control, i.e. Basal feed without Probiotic supplements, T2: Basal feed with Aeromonas hydrophila, T3: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed without Aeromonas hydrophila, and T4: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed with A. hydrophila. After the experimental study, growth parameters were monitored through Weight gain, Specific growth rates, survival percentage, and haematological parameters including WBC, RBC, haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (Hct) values of probiotics treated group (T3 and T4) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than control and T2 group. The Present study indicated that the positive effects of the L. acidophilus probiotic supplement diet improved the survival, growth, and Haematological performance in aquaculture.

Does Occupational Exposure to Chemicals/Carcinogens Affect the Hematological Parameters of Workers?

Background/Objectives: Chemical and carcinogenic risk in workplace are linked to an increase of the incidence of cancer in exposed workers. The aim of this observational study was to identify an association between exposure to chemical risk and changes in hematochemical parameters of workers exposed. Methods: The study examined blood count parameters performed on 4523 employees of Sapienza University of Rome from September 2019 to February 2020. A total of 1402 workers in research laboratories, exposed to chemical risk and carcinogens, was compared with a cohort of 3121 blood donors, in apparently good health, matched for age, sex, and period of blood collection. Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated acrylamide is the most frequently associated chemical with significant changes between the groups. It is related to an increase in monocytes and MPV, a reduction of lymphocytes, platelets, and red series values, while MCH remained unchanged. Formaldehyde reveals the same changes as acrylamide, with the exception of the percentage of lymphocytes, red blood cells, and HB, which remain unchanged. Other chemicals and carcinogens show variations for few blood count parameters. Conclusions: The present study found out a significant change in blood count values in workers exposed to acrylamide and formaldehyde. It also showed an increase in the mean monocyte value in employees exposed to carcinogenic risk, compared to non-exposed, with the exception of Trypan Blue. The implementation of efficient health surveillance remains of critical importance. These data should be compared with those from follow-up studies.

Microbiological and Haemato-biochemical Studies in Canine Pyometra

Background: Canine pyometra, is a pathological condition that results in the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterus due to hormonal imbalance in female dogs. This is the most prevalent hormonally mediated reproductive disorder and life threatening disease of intact female dogs. The objective of the present study was to assess the physiological, haematological and biochemical changes and isolate the pathogenic microorganism present in the uterus of pyometra bitches. Methods: This study was carried out in ten bitches with a history of lethargy, depression, in appetence, polydipsia, occasional vomiting and vaginal discharge presented for treatment at the Veterinary Poly Clinic, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The disease was diagnosed by history, clinical signs, physical examination, imaging techniques haematology and biochemical study. The involvement of the pathogenic organism was confirmed by microbial examination of the pus-filled uterus after the ovariohysterectomy. Result: The result showed that physiological parameters rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were increased in pyometra affected dog than healthy one. The haematological parameters of red blood cell count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were decreased in pyometra affected dogs than healthy dogs. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia condition also observed in pyometra affected dogs. Biochemically, increased Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) creatinine and hyperprotenimia were observed in pyometra dogs. Increased activity of hepatic enzyme Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also observed in pyometra dogs. The major pathogenic microorganisms involved in pyometra are Escherichia coli (40.25%), Staphylococcus (20.46%), Streptococcus (20.32%), Pseudomonas (6.41%), Proteus (6.32%) and Pasteurella (6.24%). Thus the dogs with pyometra show significant changes in physiological, haematological, biochemical parameters and growth of pathogenic microorganism in uterine fluid were the important indications of pyometra affected dogs.

Hematologic Parameters Cut-off Assessment of Adult Alpha-Thalassemia Patients in Iran

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common blood disorders in Iran. Alpha-thalassemia is caused by the deletion of the alpha-globin gene. The frequency of deletions in the alpha-globin gene is associated with microcytosis and hypochromia, making hematological parameters valuable predictive tools in the initial identification of alpha-thalassemia patients. This study aimed to compare hematologic parameters such as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell (RBC) count, and hemoglobin (HGB) levels in silent and minor patients, whose genotypes were genetically characterized, with normal patients to establish cut-off points for these groups. Materials and Methods: The study involved a total of 860 patients with alpha-thalassemia, including 267 cases of silent, 261 cases of minor, and 332 cases of normal alpha-thalassemia. Results: Analysis of blood indices based on sex revealed that the male group had higher values than the female group. Assessment of alpha-thalassemia in minor patients showed that the Cis form (—/αα) had higher microcytosis than the Trans form (–α/–α) in this group. This difference was also observed between α-3.7α/ α-3.7α and (αα)-MED/αα as two different genetic forms in minor patients, with (αα)-MED/αα being in the Cis form. Data indicated that the cut-off value was insignificant in silent patients compared to the normal group. However, minor patients with MCH≤23.7 and MCV≤74.9 had an AUC greater than 0.9 (p-value&lt; 0.01), distinguishing them from the normal group. Conclusion: Comparing hematological parameters in these groups illustrated that MCV and MCH are the best predictor parameters for distinguishing between groups.

Immunological, Serological and Hematological Changes in COVID 19 Patients of Dhaka City

The analytical test reports of COVID-19 patients admitted in two major hospitals in Dhaka City were analyzed to observe the immunological, serological and hematological abnormalities that can be significant for managing the patients in emergencies. The observed levels of ferritin, procalcitonin, D–Dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine and alkaline phosphatase (Alkp) were taken into consideration for this study. Though these parameters were elevated as mentioned for patients from many other countries, in significant cases, the values were normal or even lower than the normal levels. The ferritin level was normal (For men, 24 to 336 micrograms per liter. For women, 11 to 307 micrograms per liter) in only 30% of the patients, whereas, 50% of the patients had higher values and 20% patients had the lower values. Similarly, the procalcitonin (normal value 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL) level was found to be normal in only 27% of the patients while remaining 73% patients had the high level of this parameter. The D‑Dimer level (less than 0.50) was also found to be normal in only 27% of the patients, whereas 72% of the patients had the higher levels. The C‑reactive protein was within the normal level in only 22% of the patients, whereas, 76% of the patients had the high level of this marker. The creatinine was found to be increased in 60% of the patients. There were 88% patents having increased levels of Alkp with only 12% patients having normal levels. Thus, the elevations of the immunological, serological and hematological parameters were somehow different from those observed from patients in other countries. This information might be useful in managing the hospitalized COVID-19 patients in our country. Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 203−207

Development of a Therapeutic Agent Based on Escherichia coli, Assessment of Harmlessness and Anti-Radiation Activity

The paper presents the development, assessment of the safety and antiradiation activity of a therapeutic agent based on the culture of Escherichia coli strains “PL-6” and “KV-1”. To obtain the antiradiation agent, the causative agent of colibacillosis was grown in meat-peptone broth in a thermostat at a temperature of 37°C for 3 days. The grown suspension was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 50 min, the supernatant was decanted. The sediment was brought to 1 billion cm3 with distilled water. Smears were prepared from the grown cultures and stained according to Gram to determine the purity and species of the grown culture. The prepared suspension was poured into sterile vials of 10, 50 or 100 cm3, sealed with rubber stoppers and rolled with aluminum caps, labeling with an indication of the strain, radiation dose and date. Irradiation of the microbial material was carried out on the γ-installation “Issledovatel”, source 60Co, absorbed dose rate of 1.028 Gy/sec, in the ranges of absorbed doses from 7.5 to 30.0 kGy with interdose intervals of 2.5 and 5.0 kGy. The degree of inactivation of γ-irradiated E. coli cultures was determined by seeding them on meat-peptone agar and thermostatting for 168 hours, recording the presence or absence of microorganism growth. The studies have established that the timing and degree of growth of irradiated E. coli cultures of the “PL-6” and “KV-1” strains are directly dependent on the radiation dose, their complete inactivation occurs with irradiation at a dose of 25.0 kGy. Further studies have shown that the developed biopreparation obtained on the basis of E. coli is sterile, areactogenic, non-toxic and harmless. The mechanism of formation of radioresistance of the organism against the background of application of antiradiation agents based on E. coli strains “PL-6” and “KV-1” consisted in restoration of hematological, biochemical and immune parameters, which contributed to preservation of 66.7 to 83.3٪ of lethally irradiated animals.

Toxicity effects of hexavalent chromium on hematological, biochemical and digestive enzyme profiles of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).

The study provides a descriptive understanding of the toxic effect of heavy metal chromium on the hematological, biochemical, and digestive enzyme profiles in the fingerlings of Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC50 of hexavalent chromium was found to be 15.76 mg/L. Further, the toxicity study was conducted with four different sub-lethal concentrations of 96-h LC50 viz. 1/40th, 1/20th, 1/10th, and 1/5th respectively. The blood samples from the control and treated groups exposed to different concentrations were examined for various physiological parameters. The obtained data showed that, with the increase in sub-lethal concentration, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in red blood cell (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) was observed, while total white blood cell (WBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treatments. Fishes exposed to chromium for 30 days responded by becoming hyperglycemic, hyperproteineric, and hypoalbuminemia with a gradual rise in concentrations. Alteration in the intestinal digestive enzyme profiles was also observed after 30 days of study. The activity of protease (89.76%), and amylase (41.88%) decreased in the intestine with the highest concentration compared to the control. Conversely, compared to the control, the highest concentration resulted in an increase (146%) in lipase activity. Overall, this study has greatly enhanced our comprehension of the impact of chromium toxicity on various hematological, biochemical, and digestive enzyme parameters in Labeo rohita.

Effectiveness of biologically active substances added to sturgeon feeds

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the vitamin‐mineral complex E‐selenium and the probiotic preparation Bacell when added to industrial feed on the fish‐breeding‐biological and physiological‐ biochemical parameters of juvenile sterlet‐beluga hybrids when reared in cages.The duration of the experiment was 45 days. In experimental option 1, the fish were fed with basic compound feed with the addition of E‐selenium (300 μg selenium/kg of feed), in experimental option 2, the fish were fed with basic compound feed with the addition of E‐selenium (300 μg selenium/kg of feed) and the Bacell preparation (0.2 % by weight of dry food). The control variant was fed with basic feed.The absolute increase in the experimental variants was 13.0–25.0 % higher than in the control. Hematological parameters varied – in some cases with a high degree of significance. In particular, hemoglobin increased by 5.6–13 %, blood serum protein by 0.42–12.6 %, cholesterol by 9.8–16.3 % in the experimental variants and by 70.5 % in the control, due to the presence of a high degree of stress in control fish. At the same time, in fish experiments the effects of stress factors were suppressed by antioxidants. Preventive doses of microelements, vitamins and probiotics reduce and stabilise peroxide processes and contribute to the maintenance of good physiological condition of fish kept in artificial conditions.