Hematological Parameters Research Articles

A-143 Comparative Evaluation of K2EDTA Performance in Multinational Vacutainers: A Case Study of “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson

Abstract Background This research paper presents a thorough comparison of the anticoagulant properties of K2EDTA in two multinational vacutainer brands, “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson, with a specific focus on critical hematological parameters. The study encompassed the analysis of 50 samples, spanning a wide range of values from 60 fl to 110 fl, evaluating key parameters such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count. Methods Peripheral blood samples were gathered from 50 outpatient participants using the specified tubes. The samples underwent assessment for six hematological analytes, including RBC Count, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Comparative analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Differences exceeding the total allowable error were considered clinically significant. To assess stability, initial results were compared with those obtained from samples preserved for a duration of 2 hours Results Our findings indicate that the use of “DBO” vacutainers resulted in slightly higher values for Hb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and RBC count compared to the “BD” vacutainers. Notably, the statistical significance was observed in MCV, HCT, and MCHC across nearly all samples, while Hb and RBC parameters showed no significant changes. Given the crucial role of K2EDTA as an anticoagulant in maintaining the hypotonicity of Red Blood Cells (RBCs), ensuring accurate hematological analyses is imperative. Conclusions Although the T-value for Hemoglobin did not exhibit statistical significance, the study identified notable differences in Hematocrit (HCT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). This underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate vacutainer brand to ensure reliability and accuracy in hematological measurements, particularly when assessing MCV, where even slight variations can carry clinical implications. The results underscore the necessity for clinicians and laboratories to carefully consider the choice of vacutainers based on their specific requirements and the critical nature of the hematological parameters under analysis.

The relationship between iron metabolism markers and parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with overweight and obesity

Background: Hyperferritinemia associated with obesity and insulin resistance is a link between the components of the metabolic syndrome and a possible triggering factor in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and dyslipidemia.Aim: To establish possible relationships between ferrokinetic parameters, parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in overweight and obese patients, and to analyze the possibility of using iron metabolism parameters (ferritin and serum iron) as predictors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in this cohort of patients.Material and Methods. The study included 52 overweight or obese patients. In the course of the study, patients were stratified into groups depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD), and depending on the state of iron metabolism. Among all patients included in the study, an assessment of anthropometric data, a study of glycated hemoglobin, a standard glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose, a study of hematological parameters, as well as biochemical parameters of iron metabolism – the concentration of serum iron, transferrin and ferritin, was carried out.Results. Patients with CMD – impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycaemia – had significantly higher serum ferritin levels than obese patients without CMD (p = 0.019). In persons with a high level of ferritin, CMD developed significantly more often than in patients with a ferritin content in the range below the 75th percentile (χ2 = 5.278, p = 0.022). According to the ROC analysis, ferritin showed a rather high sensitivity – 75%, and specificity – 84.4% at a diagnostic threshold of 126.65 ng/ml (area under the curve = 0.738; p = 0.016) in the diagnosis of prediabetes (IGT/IFG) in overweight and obese individuals.Conclusion. High concentrations of iron and ferritin are positively associated with CMD, with ferritin being a promising predictor of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global health system and economies largely. Therefore, knowledge about the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with COVID-19 would help in the management and prognosis of the disease. The immunological and hematological indices have emerged as critical determinants for the severity of the disease and the prognosis; however, association with COVID-19 is clouded. The present study is aimed to characterize the immunological and hematological profiles of patients with COVID-19 in correlation with the disease severity. The study included 1,019 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were classified into serious and nonserious groups, considering severity criteria. Clinical laboratory investigations included hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters regarding leukocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and inflammatory markers. Our analysis of immunological and hematological differences between serious and nonserious patients with COVID-19 indicates that serious cases reflected elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin, representing immune system dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, in serious cases, discrepancies had also been noticed for many hematological parameters than nonserious ones, which also contained leukocyte count and hemoglobin level. Additionally, the CRP, D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, and albumin levels could be independent predictors of COVID-19 severity by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for these biomarkers were defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defining optimal parameters for the risk stratification and prognostication. The current investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of immunological and hematological correlation with COVID-19 severity, refining clinical decision-making and therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes.

Effect of oral administration of chlorine dioxide on hematological, physiological parameters and intestinal microbiota in a murine model

Chlorine dioxide (CD) is a broad-spectrum disinfectant agent used to disinfect food products and, more recently, to treat diseases such as avian influenza and COVID-19 due to its potent antimicrobial properties. However, excessive use of chlorine dioxide can cause adverse health effects. While numerous in vivo studies have evaluated its toxicity CD’s toxicity, few have investigated its impact on the intestinal microbiota. This study assesses the effects of oral administration of CD on hematological and physiological parameters, and the intestinal microbiota in a murine model. CD was produced at a concentration of 16578.62 mg/L after 7 days of reaction. Results showed a significant antimicrobial effect on dietary yeasts compared to probiotics. There were significant changes in the percentages of Firmicutes (CD 81.9-87.1%, control 63.05%) and Bacteroidetes (DC 3.4-4.5%, control 22.5%) in the CD administered groups compared to the control group. CD exposure showed toxicity in hematological parameters. Additionally, consuming CD for 90 days at 10 mg/kg body weight caused colon and cecum damage and decreased the rats' weight. These findings indicate than even low doses of CD can negative effect on the microbiota, the morphology of the cecum and colon, and body weight, suggesting that prolonged consumption should be avoided.

Seroprevalence and hematological profile of dengue among healthy inhabitants of Mayo Kebbi province: South of Tchad

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue is one of the most serious and rapidly spreading major mosquito borne diseases in the world. Despite many acute febrile illnesses in Tchad, the burden of illness due to dengue in the country is largely unknown. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue viral (DENV) infection and its association with hematological parameters. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Bongor Provincial Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were used to determine the hematological profile and to diagnose the presence of DENV infection. A total of 130 participants were enrolled in the study. Among these, 114 (87.7%) were diagnosed positive for DENV infection. Results: The majority of the positive cases were of the age group 21 to 40 years old. Leukocytosis was the most common hematological parameter affecting 120 (92.3%) of them followed by anemia and thrombocytopenia affecting 69 (53.1%) and 16 (12.3%) of them, respectively, and then lymphocytosis affecting 5 (3.8%) of them. No case of leukopenia was recorded. Discussion: The seroprevalence rate among participants suggests that the dengue virus is in circulation in Mayo Kebbi province: south of Tchad. The abnormal hematological parameters may contribute to the severity of the infection like the incidence of bleeding in the case of thrombocytopenia.

A Novel Intravaginal Contraceptive Plug for Cats: A Preliminary Biocompatibility Assessment on Haematology and Vaginal Swab.

This preliminary study evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel degradable intravaginal plug contraceptive composed of PEG 4000 and chitosan in cats using haematological profiling and vaginal cytology. Five healthy, non-pregnant female cats were fully anaesthetised and fitted with an intravaginal plug (10 × 0.3 mm) using an applicator, following oestrogen administration 3 h prior. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein on days 0 (pre-insertion) and 3 and 7 (post-insertion). Vaginal cytology examinations were conducted on day 0 (pre- and post-oestrogen injection) and days 1, 3 and 7 post-insertion. Haematological parameters, including red blood cell count, haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values, total white blood cell count and differentiation, showed no significant changes after contraceptive insertion (p > 0.05). Vaginal cytology indicated an acute inflammatory response in one out of five subjects on day three post-insertion. The distribution of vaginal epithelial cells (parabasal, intermediate and superficial) remained unaffected by contraception. Oestrogen injection resulted in the dominance of superficial cells up to day 7 of observation (p < 0.05). Overall, PEG 4000 and chitosan-based intravaginal plug contraceptives demonstrated sufficient biocompatibility, indicating their potential as viable contraceptive options for feline use.

Stress levels, hematological condition, and productivity of plasma-producing horses used for snake antivenom manufacture: A comparison of two industrial bleeding methods

The immunization and industrial bleeding of horses are essential stages for producing snake antivenoms. In Costa Rica, the traditional method involves stimulating the antibody response of horses by periodically injecting venoms, collecting hyperimmune plasma over three consecutive bleeding days, and repeating this process every eight weeks. While this method does not cause major physical or hematological issues in horses, the associated stress has not been evaluated. We compared this traditional method with an alternative method that involves injecting venoms, collecting hyperimmune plasma in a single bleeding day, and repeating the process every two weeks. We assessed stress (via serum and fecal cortisol levels and an ethological study), hematological parameters (hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration), and plasma productivity over eight months. Serum cortisol levels remained within the normal range for both methods throughout the immunization/bleeding cycle. However, serum and fecal cortisol levels were significantly higher in horses subjected to the traditional method compared to those in the alternative method. Neither method caused significant hematological alterations. Notably, the alternative method yielded a higher volume of plasma. We concluded that adopting the alternative method ensures horse welfare while improving industrial bleeding productivity. This approach may reduce costs and improve the availability of this essential treatment for vulnerable populations.

Hematological Parameters in Rheumatoid Arthritis and their Relationship with Disease Activity

Hematological Parameters in Rheumatoid Arthritis and their Relationship with Disease Activity

Assessment &lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;of Serum P53 Protein Level in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Correlation with Response to Treatment

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an adult leukemia characterized by rapid proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, leading to bone marrow (BM) failure and impaired erythropoiesis. The p53 tumor suppressor protein regulates cell division and inhibits tumor development by preventing cell proliferation of altered or damaged DNA. It orchestrates various cellular reactions, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and antioxidant properties. Objectives: To investigate the relationship of P53 serum level with hematological findings, remission, and survival status in de novo AML patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 63 newly diagnosed de novo AML patients, and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy persons as a control group. Serum P53 levels were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique before initiating induction chemotherapy. The study was performed between November 2022 and May 2023 at the Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Center of the Medical City Complex in Baghdad. Results: There were significantly lower P53 serum levels in AML patients before starting chemotherapy compared to the control group. However, no substantial difference in P53 levels was identified between AML patients achieving complete remission and those exhibiting no response, nor between alive and deceased individuals. Furthermore, there was a positive yet statistically non-significant correlation between serum P53 levels and age, and no significant relationship between P53 levels and sex or various hematological parameters. Conclusion: P53 levels are low in AML patients. They are not associated with remission status or survival after six months and are not correlated with hematological values.

The effects of selenium administration on mean platelet volume, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width in critically ill older adults: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial

BackgroundLow serum Selenium (Se) levels in critical patients have been associated with poor clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Se administration on mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). MethodThis study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Critically ill patients were randomly divided into two groups of Se and placebo. The Se group (N=30) initially received 3000 mg of Se at once within 3 hours, followed by a dose of 1500 mg daily for 10 days as a one-hour infusion. The control group (N=30) received normal saline for 10 days. A venous blood sample was collected on the first and 10th day. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.26 statistical software. To analyze quantitative data in two groups, based on the estimated normality, an independent t-test was used. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsOn day 10, the MPV value in the Se group was significantly lower compared to the placebo group (9.32 ± 1.78 and 10.43 ± 2.06, respectively, p = 0.03). Within the Se group, contrary to the controls, the MPV value decreased significantly from day 1 to day 10 (p<0.001). Further, the RDW value in the Se group was significantly lower compared to the placebo group (13.77 ± 1.57 and 15.32 ± 2.42, respectively, p = 0.005). The N/L ratio remained similar between the two groups before and after the intervention. ConclusionOur findings suggest that Se can affect the MPV and RDW parameters in older adults hospitalized in the ICU. However, further studies with a larger population are necessary to support these findings. Clinical Relevancy StatementThe effects of selenium administration on hematological parameters in older adults admitted to the ICU are not well-established. There is limited direct evidence linking serum selenium levels to erythrocyte and hemoglobin stability in humans. The current clinical trial promotes the current literature and shows that selenium holds potential in management of the older ICU patients.

S1081 Effect of Upadacitinib Treatment on Hematological Parameters in Patients With Moderate to Severe Active Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis: Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Induction and Maintenance Studies

S1081 Effect of Upadacitinib Treatment on Hematological Parameters in Patients With Moderate to Severe Active Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis: Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Induction and Maintenance Studies

Dose dependent effect of phytase supplementation on hematological parameters, serum biochemical analysis, carcass characteristics, and chemical meat analysis of Hubbard broiler chickens

Dose dependent effect of phytase supplementation on hematological parameters, serum biochemical analysis, carcass characteristics, and chemical meat analysis of Hubbard broiler chickens

Modernizing Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trial Eligibility to Improve Equity and Inclusivity by Hematological Parameters

In the U.S., Black people experience multiple myeloma (MM) at a frequency that is more than double that of White people and experience much higher rates of mortality. Despite bearing a disproportionate impact of both MM incidence and mortality, Black patients are significantly underrepresented in most MM clinical trials. This is in part because Black patients experience a higher prevalence of hemoglobinopathies and Duffy-null phenotype, which affect hemoglobin and neutrophil levels, respectively, potentially excluding patients from clinical trials. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) has convened a series of Health Equity Summits that include a focus on creating inclusive clinical trials for MM. The present paper, an output of the most recent workshop, focuses on the role of laboratory reference ranges as a barrier to clinical trial participation and offers tangible steps to improve the enrollment of a diverse and representative population.

Evaluating The Diagnostic Value Of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) In Identifying Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form of anemia globally, with a significant impact on public health, especially in low-resource settings like Bangladesh. Accurate and early diagnosis of IDA is essential for effective treatment. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) has emerged as a promising, accessible diagnostic tool for IDA, yet its utility remains underexplored in this context. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted between July 2022 and July 2024 at Addin Barrister Rafique-ul Huq Hospital in Bangladesh, included 106 patients diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia. Key hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, RBC count, MCV, and RDW, were analyzed. Correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between RDW and other parameters such as hemoglobin, MCV, RBC count, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Results: RDW was elevated (&gt;14.5%) in 92.45% of the participants, with a mean RDW of 17.59±3.33%. Significant negative correlations were observed between RDW and hemoglobin (r = -0.435, p &lt; 0.001) and between RDW and MCV (r = -0.664, p &lt; 0.001). RDW showed positive correlations with RBC count (r = 0.315, p = 0.001) and ESR (r = 0.225, p = 0.041). The study confirmed RDW’s strong diagnostic value in distinguishing IDA, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Conclusion: RDW, combined with other hematological parameters, is a sensitive and reliable marker for diagnosing IDA. Its incorporation into routine diagnostic protocols could significantly enhance IDA detection and management in low-resource settings like Bangladesh.

Effects of Laurus extract against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal with widespread environmental presence, posing significant threats to human and animal health. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of Cd exposure and explores the therapeutic efficacy of Laurus nobilis L. in counteracting these adverse effects. Cd exposure induces oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, leading to neuronal damage and histopathological alterations. Laurus, known for its antioxidant properties, is assessed for its potential in mitigating Cd-induced neurotoxicity through in vitro antioxidant assays, GC–MS analysis, HPLC profiling, and experimental animal models. Results demonstrate that Laurus ethanolic extract exhibits significant antioxidant activity, attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid constituents. GC–MS analysis reveals various bioactive compounds in the extract, including Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and (Z)-13-Docosenamide, which posses neuroprotective properties. HPLC analysis identifies phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid and flavonoids like rutin and kaempferol in the extract. In vivo studies in rats exposed to Cd demonstrate that Laurus extract administration mitigates Cd-induced alterations in body and brain weight, hematological parameters, liver and kidney function, oxidative stress markers, and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Histopathological examination confirms the protective effects of Laurus against Cd-induced neuronal damage. The SOD model, validated with high resolution (2.05 Å) and strong R values (work: 0.192, free: 0.236, observed: 0.194), shows strong structural stability (C-score: 0.30). Docking studies reveal high binding affinities of kaempferol (−8.1 kcal/mol) and rutin (−8.7 kcal/mol) with SOD with kaempferol demonstrating superior solubility, lipophilicity, and drug-likenessSimulation analysis confirms the protein’s flexibility and adaptability, highlighting its therapeutic potential, especially with kaempferol. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of Laurus. as a natural remedy for Cd-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Selective Cytopheretic Device (SCD) on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Hematologic Parameters from Multiple AKI Trials

Immunomodulatory Effect of Selective Cytopheretic Device (SCD) on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Hematologic Parameters from Multiple AKI Trials

Unveiling Potent Anti-Asthmatic Effect of Curcumin in Combination with Salmeterol in Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Asthma is a long-term inflammatory respiratory condition marked by alterations in the airways and an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration. It has been observed that Curcumin possesses immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and relaxing properties for smooth muscle in the airways. Salmeterol is believed to ease the smooth muscles of the airways. Objective: Swiss Albino mice were used in the research to examine the combination anti-asthmatic effects of Curcumin and Salmeterol in asthma produced by ova albumin and milk induced eosinophilia and leucocytosis. Methods: The mice received pre-treatment with Curcumin (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) as well as Salmeterol (5 mg/kg) after being stimulated with an Ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and milk. After the induction period, various hematological, biochemical, molecular (ELISA), and histological analyses were performed. Results: The findings demonstrated that the combined treatment decreased the animal’s overall leukocyte and eosinophil numbers in a manner that was dose-dependent. Additionally, the therapy reduced albumin and overall protein amount in serum, BALF and lung tissues, facilitated changes in haematological parameters, and reduced the rise of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, IL-13) levels that is induced by OVA in lungs and BALF, total IgE level in serum. The combined action of Curcumin and Salmeterol reduced OVA-induced inflammatory influx and ultrastructural abnormalities, according to histopathological evaluation. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation demonstrate that curcumin and salmeterol together possess anti-asthmatic effects through suppressing Th2 triggered immune response and possessing an anti-inflammatory effect and anti-allergic effect. Thus combination of treatments might be a novel technique for managing asthma.

Effect of replacing concentrates with cassava root-top silage on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, blood parameters and growth performance in beef cattle.

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing concentrates with cassava root-top silage (CARTOS) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and growth performance of beef cattle. Twenty crossbred bulls with a body weight (BW) of 226±56 kg were randomly assigned to one of five treatments for 90 d in a randomized complete block design having four blocks based on BW. The concentrates were replaced by CARTOS at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% dry matter (DM). Animals were fed dietary treatments at 1.8% BW, with rice straw offered ad libitum. The DM and crude protein (CP) intake were decreased (p<0.01, p = 0.04) when the diet's CARTOS level was increased. The digestibility of DM, OM, and CP were not different among treatments, while fiber digestibility was increased with the inclusion of CARTOS (p = 0.03). The addition of CARTOS to replace concentrates did not change ruminal pH or volatile fatty acid proportions except for acetic acid, which increased with the addition of CARTOS (p = 0.03). The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) was decreased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of CARTOS. The blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen decreased (p = 0.01) with the addition of CARTOS at 100%, whereas total protein and hematological parameters did not change with increasing levels of CARTOS. The use of CARTOS to substitute concentrates at 75% and 100% decreased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) (p<0.01); therefore, the addition of CARTOS up to 50% maintained ADG and G:F in beef cattle. CARTOS can replace concentrates up to 50% in beef cattle diets without adversely affecting feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood parameters, or growth performance of beef cattle.

Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Zingiber roseum Rhizome in Mice Model: Safety Evaluation at Various Doses

Aims:: The aim of this study is to determine the potential adverse effects associated with the prolonged administration of Zingiber roseum rhizome extract. Background:: This study aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of Z. roseum, commonly known as rosy ginger, using a mouse model. Z. roseum has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties; however, there is limited information regarding its potential toxic effects. Objective:: The objective of this study is to assess the safety profile of ZRR extract at various doses and conduct a detailed analysis of hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters regarding sub-chronic toxicity. Methods:: Mice were orally administered ZRR methanolic extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg for 14 days as per the guidelines of ‘The Brazilian Agency of National Health Surveillance.’ Subchronic toxicity was conducted by monitoring multiple indicators, including changes in body weight, food and water consumption, blood profile (HB, RBC, WBC, and PLT), and biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Creatinine, and Urea) and histopathological examination of the liver. Results:: Throughout the study, the mice showed normal behavior and appeared healthy. The administration of Z. roseum at all tested doses did not significantly affect body weight, food, and water intake, blood, biochemical markers, or liver. Z. roseum at these doses was safe, with no fatalities or harm. Conclusion:: Lastly, the sub-chronic administration of Z. roseum at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg in a mice model did not elicit any toxic effects, indicating its potential safety as a therapeutic agent.

Acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity assessment of the essential oil from Croton pulegiodorus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in mice

Essential oils obtained from Croton pulegiodorus leaf are renowned for their biological activities; however, data on their toxicity are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity of a C. pulegiodorus leaf essential oil (CPLEO). Chemical characterization of CPLEO was conducted by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro assay was performed to verify the hemolytic capacity of the oil in mice erythrocytes. Next, an acute oral toxicity study was conducted on female mice at CPLEO doses of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 100, and 50 mg/kg. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological markers were assessed in mice from groups were no death occurred. Relative consumption of water and food and the weight of animals and their organs were also recorded. Finally, a genotoxicity analysis was performed using the micronucleus and comet assays. The extraction yield of CPLEO was 1.149% and its major compounds were ascaridole (23.18%), eucalyptol (17.20%), camphor (14.20%), p-cymene (7.91%), α-terpineol (4.69%), and isobornyl acetate (4.57%). CPLEO showed a hemolytic effect only at high concentrations (185.5–1000 mg/mL). It showed acute oral toxicity in mice with a LD50 of 460.42 mg/kg. CPLEO (50–250 mg/kg) caused some significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological evaluation indicated alterations in liver and kidneys but transaminases, urea and creatinine levels remained like the negative control. CPLEO administration impaired weight gain and reduced water and food consumption. Finally, it was not genotoxic by both comet and micronucleus tests. The results highlight the need for attention when choosing doses to evaluate the bioactivities of CPLEO.