Hematological Indices Research Articles

Safety and efficacy of oral edible bird’s nest supplementation: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory benefits for Arabian race stallions during exercise

Background and Aim: Exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation adversely affect the health and performance of athletic horses. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of edible bird’s nest (EBN) supplementation and its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in Arabian race stallions during exercise. Key objectives included assessing EBN’s impact on hepatic and renal function, hematological profiles, and sialic acid (SA) levels. Materials and Methods: Two experiments were conducted on 18 Arabian stallions. In Experiment 1, six healthy stallions were divided into control (n = 2) and EBN-supplemented groups (n = 4) to assess safety. The treatment group received 10 g of EBN daily for 12 days. Vital signs, hematological parameters, and organ function markers were monitored. In Experiment 2, 12 stallions were divided into three groups: EBN (n = 3), Premier E® (n = 3), and control (n = 6). The exercise regimen included a daily 10-min walk, 10-min canter (30 km/h), and 10-min walk for 30 days. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological indices and SA levels pre- and post-exercise. Results: In Experiment 1, EBN supplementation demonstrated no adverse effects, maintaining normal hematological and vital parameters. Kidney and liver function tests revealed significantly reduced creatine kinase, total bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the EBN group. Experiment 2 showed higher SA levels post-exercise in the EBN group (p < 0.05) compared to Premier E® and control groups, suggesting enhanced anti-inflammatory response. Hematological indices, including mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, and platelet counts, were significantly improved in the EBN group, indicating potential immunomodulatory benefits. Conclusion: EBN supplementation is safe and offers anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in Arabian race stallions, reducing exercise-induced hepatic and muscular stress markers while enhancing recovery. These findings support EBN as a valuable dietary supplement for performance horses. Further studies should explore long-term effects and molecular mechanisms to optimize its use in equine sports. Keywords: anti-inflammatory, arabian race stallions, edible bird’s nest, exercise stress, immunomodulatory.

The Clinical Value of the Combined Detection of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Accumulating studies suggest that inflammation is linked with the pathogenesis of GC. The study delves into novel hematological inflammatory markers, such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), to explore their potential applications in early diagnosis of GC. From October 2020 and August 2024, 1339 GC patients admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this study. The pre-treatment SII, SIRI, and PNI was calculated from peripheral blood samples. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to verify independent risk factors for patients, and constructed the nomograms. The correlation between hematological indicators and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage was assessed through Spearman's analysis. Eligible patients and healthy controls were grouped by gender. The diagnostic ability of PNI was significantly superior to other indicators to diagnose male GC (area under the curve [AUC]=0.908, 95% CI: 0.892-0.925) and female GC (AUC=0.890, 95% CI: 0.865-0.914). Besides, the combination of hematological indicators is more effective in diagnosing GC patients, especially for male patients (AUC=0.916, 95% CI: 0.901-0.932, sensitivity: 84.98%, specificity: 84.29%). The C-statistic of Nomogram model was 0.917 for males and 0.875 for females. In both male and female cohorts, CEA, SII, and SIRI were positively correlated with TNM stage, while PNI was negatively correlated. The AUC of CEA, SII, SIRI, and PNI combined for the diagnosis in the early stage of male GC patients was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.875-0.918, sensitivity: 86.57%, specificity: 80.30%) is higher than that of in the advanced stage (AUC: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.710-0.780, sensitivity: 56.53%, specificity: 82.86%). The combined CEA, SII, PNI, and SIRI could be used as screening biomarkers in diagnosing GC, especially in the early stage of male GC patients.

Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with a higher risk of kidney stones.

This study investigates the relationship between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and kidney stone disease (KSD) in the U.S. population. Additionally, it explores potential underlying mechanisms and evaluates the clinical utility of a predictive model. Data were collected from 11,671 participants, including 1,136 cases of KSD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, dose-response curves, and mediation effect assessments were employed to examine the association between SAD and KSD. A predictive model was developed and validated using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and clinical decision curves. Additionally, hematological indicators were analyzed to identify potential mediating factors. SAD showed a strong and positive association with KSD, even after adjusting for confounders such as gender, age, and education. The predictive model demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.661) and clinical utility. Hematological analyses indicated that granulocyte count (GRAN) significantly mediated the relationship between SAD and KSD (P < 0.001). SAD is a significant risk factor for KSD, underscoring the role of abdominal obesity in kidney stone formation. The predictive model demonstrates potential clinical applications for early risk assessment and management of KSD.

Black garlic (Allium sativum) powder, a promising feed supplementation improves hematological and immunological indices, body composition, and growth performance of golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

Black garlic (Allium sativum) powder, a promising feed supplementation improves hematological and immunological indices, body composition, and growth performance of golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

Monitoring of selected heavy metals, hematological and biochemical indicators in the blood of lacting dairy cows from the area of the active copper industry

There is a well-developed copper industry in Poland. Copper mining and processing involves processes that emit numerous chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, into the environment. Blood was collected once in the summer of 2021 and 2022 from dairy cows (aged 3–5 years) kept in small herds in the Legnica-Głogów copper district (Lower Silesia, Poland). Selected toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in the whole blood of the cows, whereas hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC), biochemical parameters (AST, GGT, TAS) and minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg, P inorganic) were measured in their blood serum. Generally, the indicators assessed were within reference values (with a few exceptions, e.g. Zn) and generally similar to those in cows kept in typically agricultural areas. This was also true of the toxic metals. The results provide no indication that the copper industry (LGOM) has a negative impact on the physiological condition of cattle.

Evaluation of Postoperative Prognosis on Carotid Endarterectomy: Single Center Experience.

To determine the prognostic value of routine hematological indices in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). As a retrospective single center study, we measured the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and other systemic inflammatory parameters to estimate the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing CEA. These parameters include inflammatory markers which are included in routine preoperative haematologic tests like complete blood count (CBC). After the analysis of the collected datas from 72 patients, the results showed that inflammatory indices were significantly different in patients with different clinical courses. Inflammatory parameters calculated from routine preoperative hematologic parameters proved to be important predictive parameters that can be used in morbidity/mortality estimation of patients scheduled for CEA.

Hematological Changes Provoked by Natural Alkaloids

Background and aims: Plant alkaloids are naturally occurring nitrogen-containing chemicals with a wide range of therapeutic applications. They have been reported to cure a considerable number of illnesses, including cancer, diabetes, malaria, and heart dysfunction. This study sought to evaluate the impact of several plant alkaloids on hematological parameters in animals. Methods: The results of different plant extracts containing alkaloids in laboratory animals on hematological indices such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell count, platelet count, and others using normal laboratory methods were gathered from scientific papers and databases using keywords such as plant alkaloids, alkaloid toxicity, hematological parameters, hematological changes, blood, and animals. Results: Plant alkaloids identified through the search had different impacts on hematological indices. Some alkaloids raised RBC count, Hb concentration, and Hct, while others lowered these values. Platelet count was generally observed to increase, but there were exceptions. Certain alkaloids found in some plants have no substantial influence on hematological parameters. Conclusion: Plant alkaloids can cause various changes in hematological parameters in animals. These alterations might be useful or deleterious depending on the alkaloid and its concentration. Understanding these effects is essential for the safe and effective use of plant-based therapies.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Haemato-Biochemical Changes Associated with Colic in Horses in Sana’a Province, Yemen

Background: Colic is a major health problem in controlled horse populations globally. It is a multifactorial and complex disorder. In Yemen, the prevalence, risk factors, and results of horse colic are unclear. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and haemato-biochemical changes associated with colic in horses in Sana’a, Yemen. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from September 2023 to February 2024. A total of 254 horses were examined under field conditions. Colic was identified based on physical examination, clinical symptoms, and rectal examination. A questionnaire was distributed to the horse owners to assess the risk factors while the clinical examination was performed, and blood samples were obtained to estimate the haemato biochemical parameters in horses with colic. Results: out of a total of 254 horses, the overall prevalence of colic in horses was found to be 11.81% (30 cases) and of these, 73.3% had spasmodic colic whereas 26.7% had impaction. The Means of respiration rate, pulse rate, and capillary refill time were significantly increased in horses affected with colic than healthy control animals (P&lt;0.05). The horses with colic showed a significant association between cases with age (p&lt;0.098), gender (p&lt;0.023), deworming frequency (p&lt;0.001), and previous exposure to colic (p&lt;0.001). In hematological indices, the mean packed cell volume in horses with colic was found to be dramatically increased (P&lt;0.0001), while the means of total platelet count, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count were found to be significantly decreased (P&lt;0.001). Serum biochemical indices, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, albumin, total protein, and alkaline phosphate, were significantly higher in horses with colic compared to healthy controls (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: This is the first study that documented the prevalence of colic in horses and identified risk factors and haemato-biochemical changes associated with colic in Sana’a province, Yemen. This information is a crucial first step in understanding the impact of colic in horses and developing ways to reduce the risk of colic.

DETECTION OF SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTORS FOR RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Background. Most often, self-limited recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) are diagnosed among preschool children. On the one hand, these infections pose a significant burden on the healthcare system because of frequent visits to doctors and hospitalizations. At the same time, they have a significant negative impact on the socio-economic situation in countries, caused by parents' prolonged absence from work due to the need to care for frequently ill child. Aim: To identify the most impactful factors contributing to the increased susceptibility of preschool children to self-limited RRI. Materials and methods. A total of 45 children (21 boys and 24 girls) aged 1-6 years, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Rivne children's hospitals, were involved in the clinical study. The number of ARI episodes during the previous year of their lives, the resistance index and 21 potential risk factors for self-limited RRI were taken into account. The statistical processing of the digital data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 licensed software with the calculation of the confidence interval for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and odds ratio. Results. Among the studied dichotomous risk factors for self-limited RRI, the following were the most significant in the observed preschool children: 1) urban residence; 2) presence of other children in a family who have/had a predisposition to RRI; 3) use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes 3 or more times over the previous year; 4) passive exposure to tobacco smoke; 5) maternal smoking during the pregnancy resulting in the birth of the examined child. Overall, for 9 out of 20 dichotomous factors taken into consideration, the undeniable probability of their effect on children's susceptibility to frequent ARI was found. Also, binary logistic regression showed an association between lower blood hemoglobin concentrations and children belonging to the subgroup with more frequent ARI episodes. The proportion of this hematological indicator in the model presented was 51.7%. Conclusions. There were no significant differences in the list of substantial risk factors for self-limited RRI between preschool children living in the eastern and western regions of Ukraine. The findings will be considered in the integrated prediction of preschoolers' increased susceptibility to frequent ARI episodes.

Preoperative inflammatory burden index for prognostication in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical resection

BackgroundThe Inflammatory burden Index (IBI) is an effective predictor for a range of malignancies. However, the significance of IBI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) needs to be further verified. The aim of this study was to verify the predictive power of IBI in ESCC undergoing radical resection.MethodsThe current retrospective study, which comprised 408 ESCC patients randomized into either the primary or validation cohort, evaluated the relationships between IBI, clinical characteristics, and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Additionally, the nomogram model was also constructed and verified.ResultsThe IBI is significantly related to tumor length, vessel invasion, perineural invasion, and TNM stage. Compared to other hematological indices, the decision curve analyses (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) confirmed the higher prognostic value of IBI, indicating the better clinical applicability. In patients with high IBI compared to the low IBI cohort, the 5-year CSS was considerably worse (total: 27.0% vs. 59.1%, P < 0.001; primary: 25.0% vs. 58.9%, P < 0.001; validation: 31.7% vs. 59.7%, P = 0.002). The IBI was shown to be an independent parameter by multivariate analyses (primary: HR = 2.352, P < 0.001; validation: HR = 1.683, P = 0.045). Finally, with the C-index of 0.675 (0.656–0.695) in the primary set and 0.662 (0.630–0.694) in the validation set for CSS in ESCC, an IBI-based nomogram was created and validated.ConclusionThe predictive significance of IBI in ESCC patients undergoing radical resection was validated by this investigation. IBI may be utilized for preoperative evaluation of ESCC as it was found to be substantially correlated with prognosis.

Association between serum hypertriglyceridemia and hematological indices: data mining approaches

BackgroundHigh triglyceride (TG) affects and is affected of other hematological factors. The determination of serum fasted triglycerides concentrations, as part of a lipid profile, is crucial key point in hematological factors and significantly affect various systemic diseases. This study was carried out to assess the potential relation between the concentration of TG and hematological factors.MethodOur sample size was 9704 participants beginning in 2007 and ending in 2020 aged between 35 and 65 years, sourced from the MASHAD cohort (northeastern Iran). Machine learning methodologies, specifically logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest algorithms, were utilized for data analysis in the investigation of individuals with normal and high TG levels.ResultsThe highest Gini score belongs to RLR (Red cell distribution width/Lymphocyte) (236.10), RPR (Red cell distribution width/Platelets) (215.78), and PHR (Platelets/high-density lipoprotein) (273.66). We also found that factors such as age are statistically associated with the level of TG in women probably due to the drop in menopausal estrogen. RF model showed to have higher accuracy in predicting the TG level in both males and females.ConclusionOur model assessed the association between serum TG with several hematological factors like RLR, RPR, and PHR. Other hematological factors also have been reported to be related to the TG level. As these results give us new insights into the association of TG on various hematological factors and their possible interactions with each other. future studies are needed to provide sufficient data for the mechanism and the pathophysiology of the findings.

Exploring the Association Between Blood Indices and Skin and Joint Activity of Psoriatic Arthritis

The exact cause of psoriatic arthritis is still unknown, but hypotheses suggest the role of hematological parameters in the onset and severity of the disease. This study evaluated the hematological indices and their association with skin and joint activity in psoriatic arthritis. This cross-sectional study included 74 patients with psoriatic arthritis. Demographical and clinical data, blood indices, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) scores were calculated for all patients. The mean age of the patients was 48.89±12.03 years and most were female (n=49). A significant correlation was observed between age and number of underlying diseases with PASI and DAPSA scores. Mean PASI and DAPSA scores were 5.19 and 15.13, respectively. The severity of psoriasis was mild in 58.1%, moderate in 36.5%, and severe in 4.5% of the cases. The activity of psoriatic arthritis was improved in 2.1%, low in 55.4%, moderate in 24.3%, and high in 1.8% of the patients. A significant association was found between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet (PLT) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and PASI scores, while no statistically significant association was reported for PLR. A significant correlation was observed between ESR, CRP, RDW, NLR, PLR, PLT, and DAPSA scores, while no statistically significant association was found for MPV. The findings indicated that inflammatory and hematological markers can be helpful factors in evaluating the severity of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Evaluation of hematological markers as prognostic tools in rheumatoid arthritis.

Reducing inflammation is central to the management of RA. However, commonly used markers such as CRP and ESR, along with the DAS-28 score, have shown limitations. Hematologic indices, such as platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), show potential as reliable indicators of inflammation in RA. This study evaluates these markers across different RA activity levels to identify effective biomarkers for distinguishing active RA from remission. 305 RA patients were enrolled in our study, diagnosed by ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria, and divided into four groups according to the DAS28-ESR score. 8ml of blood were taken for a CBC test and serological tests such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were assessed as potential markers of inflammation. The mean age of RA patients was 51.7 years and a disease duration of 56.7 months. Significant differences in tender and swollen joints were observed between RA groups. Laboratory findings revealed higher CRP and ESR in active RA patients, while hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte counts were higher in remission group. ROC analysis showed ESR, CRP, NLR, and PLR as potential markers for distinguishing active from remission RA, with ESR demonstrating the highest diagnostic accuracy. LMR could not differentiate between active and inactive forms of RA disease. The NLR and PLR markers were significantly correlated with traditional inflammatory markers like CRP and ESR. These novel markers could be useful tools for evaluating RA activity, offering a cost-effective alternative to imaging techniques. Further research is needed to confirm their clinical utility.

Has the UK lost its position as a destination for world-leading clinical research? A comparative analysis of haematological cancer clinical trials performance before Brexit

ObjectivesTo understand the competitive position of the UK in comparison to Europe and the USA for haematological cancer clinical research.DesignUsing commercially available databases, clinical trial numbers, their effectiveness and publication...

Патологічні та компенсаторні реакції в системі крові дрібних гризунів за хронічного опромінення у малих дозах іонізуючої радіації

Changes in the blood systems of small rodents inhabiting for many generations the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone territories with a relatively low level of radionuclide pollution were studied. Animals’ calculated absorbed doses were in the low dose and dose rate ranges. Dual changes in the blood system were registered, damaging as well as reactive, and high variability of hematological and cytogenetic indicators was observed. Identified changes may be caused by the cumulative effects of chronic radiation exposure.

Effect of Breed Differences on Growth Performance, Haematology and Serum Biochemical Indices of Indigenous and Commercial Broiler Chi.ckens

This study aimed to compare the feed intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of Fulani ecotype chickens, Noilers, a nd(Cobb- 500) and improve poultry production efficiency in Nigeria. The research was conducted using -300-dayold unsexed chicks from the three breeds, which were fed a sin-gle phase diet containing 21% crude protein and 2900 Kcal/kg ME for 22 weeks. The results indicated significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in daily feed intake among the species, with broilers consuming the most feed, followed by Noilers, and then Fulani ecotype chickens. Carcass analysis also revealed that broilers had the highest weights and meat yield, while Noilers exhibited intermediate values, and Fulani ecotype chickens had the lowest. These findings suggest that while broilers are best suited for commercial meat production, Noilers offer a balanced option for d-ual purpose production, and Fulani ecotype chickens are better adapted to low-input systems. In conclusion, understanding the distinct characteristics of these breeds is essential for developing tailored feeding practices that can enhance productivity, reduce waste, and support sustainable poultry farming in Nigeria. This study aimed to compare the feed intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of Fulani ecotype chickens, Noilers, and broilers (C-obb500) to optimize feeding strategies and improve poultry production efficiency in Nigeria. A total of -300 day- old birds of mixed sexes were used, with 100 each of the Fulani ecotype, Noiler, and Broiler chickens randomly allotted into three experimental treatments. Each treatment was replicated five times with 20 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The birds were fed an experimental diet formulated to contain 21% crude protein and 2900 Kcal ME/kg in a s-inglephase feeding regime. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental duration of 22 weeks for Fulani ecotype (T1) and Noilers (T2), while broilers (T3 as the control) were fed for 8 weeks. The results indicated significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in daily feed intake among the species, with broilers consuming the most feed, followed by Noilers, and then Fulani ecotype chickens. Carcass analysis also revealed that broilers had the highest weights and meat yield, while Noilers exhibited intermediate values, and Fulani ecotype chickens had the lowest. These findings suggest that while broilers are best suited for commercial meat production, Noilers offer a balanced option for du-alpurpose production, and Fulani ecotype chickens are better adapted to low-input systems. In conclusion, understanding the distinct characteristics of these breeds is essential for developing tailored feeding practices that can enhance productivity, reduce waste, and support sustainable poultry farming in Nigeria.

Haematological Indices and Fertility Potential of Rabbits Receiving Camels Foot (Piliostigma thonningii) Essential Oil Supplemented Diet

The current study aimed to evaluate Piliostigma thonningii seeds-derived essential oil (PTO) effect on hematological and reproductive parameters in rabbits. Three groups consisting of 15 animals each were randomly assigned and with an average initial body weight (BW) of 262.89 ± 22.36 g in a fully randomised experimental design. Group 1 received the control diet, while for groups 2 and 3 the basal control diet was supplemented with 2 mL PTO/kg diet and 4 mL PTO/kg diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the blood was analysed using the ABACUS ROSS haematology analyser. The results indicated significant differences in rabbits receiving PTO supplemented feed, namely; Packed cell volume, red blood cells, white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophil increased (P&lt;0.05) with increasing level of PEO supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet were higher (P&lt;0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher (P&lt;0.05) in T3 than T1 with T2 being intermediate (P&gt;0.05) between T1 and T3. Semen volume, concentration and motility were higher (P&lt;0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. While semen abnormalities and bucks’ reaction time to does (libido) were greater (P&lt;0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3, Live dead ratio was higher (P&lt;0.05) in T3 relative to T1 while T2 was intermediate between T1 and T3 (P&gt;0.05). semen color and pH were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by treatments. It was therefore concluded that P. thonningii essential oil supplementation enhanced both haematological and fertility potential of the experimental rabbits.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Increases Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as well as Decreases Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Autism Spectrum Disorder

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation are frequently viewed as contributing factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the maintenance of neuron viability, as well as in neuron differentiation. Meanwhile, Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) are basic hematological indices used to assess inflammation and immune status. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is known to enhance cerebral blood flow and reduce inflammation, however, not many studies have observed the its effect on BDNF level, SII, and SIRI in ASD subjects; therefore, this study was performed.METHODS: Fifteen ASD subjects were involved in this study and received HBO therapy 10 times within a 2-week period. The HBO therapy was performed by letting the subjects got into an isolated chamber filled with 100% oxygen and 1.3 ATA pressure for 60 minutes. Pre- and post-therapy blood samples were taken from subjects. BDNF level was measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets were measured by hematology analyzer for the calculation of SII and SIRI.RESULTS: Post-therapy BDNF level was higher than pre-therapy (1.84 ng/mL vs. 1.46 ng/mL; p=0.039). The increased in BDNF suggested reduced neuroinflammation and enhanced connections between neurons. Both post-therapy SII (672.4 vs. 359.4; p=0.005) and SIRI (1.3 vs. 0.7; p=0.009) were significantly lower than pre-therapy indexes. Decreased in SII and SIRI signified a reduction in neuroinflammation.CONCLUSION: HBO therapy increases BDNF level, also decreases SII and SIRI in ASD subjects. These results suggest that HBO has an effect on neuroinflammation, specifically in ameliorating inflammation.KEYWORDS: autism spectrum disorder, BDNF, SII, SIRI, hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Could hematological indices predict the response of rheumatoid arthritis patients to biological drugs?

BackgroundThe present cohort study with a control group aimed to evaluate the predictive value of hematological indices in assessing treatment response to biological drugs, including Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and their impact on these indices.MethodsThe study included 115 RA patients with active disease and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All patients were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of biological treatment. The disease Activity Score of 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were evaluated. The hematological indices used were the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-hemoglobin and lymphocyte (NHL) score, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio (PHR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII).ResultsAt baseline, The RA patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, a greater monocyte count, a greater platelet count, a significantly greater MLR, PLR PHR, NHL score, and SII than the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were positively correlated with the DAS28-ESR and CDAI. The PHR and NHL ratios were correlated with the ESR and CDAI. Biological treatment significantly decreased neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts, the MLR, the PHR, the NHL score, and the SII (p ≤ 0.05). Changes in the SII and NHL scores were associated with changes in the DAS28-ESR during treatment. No hematological indices showed predictive potential for nonresponse to biological treatment.ConclusionHematological indices, such as MLR, PHR, NHL score, and SII, remain valuable despite not predicting non-response to treatment. These indices are cost-effective and widely available tools that correlate with RA disease activity, offering clinicians actionable insights into the inflammatory status of patients. Their utility lies in tracking treatment efficacy and guiding adjustments in therapeutic strategies, ensuring better disease management and improving patient outcomes.

The effects of dietary Agaricus bisporus powder on growth performance, haematological indices, and serum immune response in beluga (Huso huso) juvenile

IntroductionThe present study investigates the effects of mushroom powder (MP) on growth parameters, haematological indices, innate immune response, and serum biochemical indices in beluga (Huso huso) juveniles.MethodsA total of 120 fish (45 ± 0.5 g) were stocked with 10 fish in each 300-L tank. Experimental diets were prepared by inclusion of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% MP. At the end of the feeding trial haemato-immunological parameters as well growth performance were measured.ResultsThe growth parameters results revealed that body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and body length increased significantly in the fish fed diets containing 1% and 2% MP (P&amp;lt;0.05). Haematological indices results indicated that none of the experimental diets showed significant effects on red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P &amp;gt;0.05). However, the haematocrit increased significantly in the fish fed diets containing 1% MP compared to the control (P&amp;lt;0.05). White blood cell count (WBC) in the fish fed 2% MP was significantly higher than that in the fish fed 0% and 0.5% MP (P&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, MP treatments caused no significant change in the activity of complement C3 (P &amp;gt;0.05), while C4 activity increased significantly in the fish fed 2% MP (P&amp;lt;0.05). Total immunoglobulin in 1% MP had no significant difference when compared with control (P &amp;gt;0.05). Albumin level was significantly higher in fish fed 2% MP compared to control (P&amp;lt;0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, MP (2%) can be considered to improve growth parameters and immune indices in beluga juveniles.