Hematologic Analytes Research Articles

A-143 Comparative Evaluation of K2EDTA Performance in Multinational Vacutainers: A Case Study of “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson

Abstract Background This research paper presents a thorough comparison of the anticoagulant properties of K2EDTA in two multinational vacutainer brands, “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson, with a specific focus on critical hematological parameters. The study encompassed the analysis of 50 samples, spanning a wide range of values from 60 fl to 110 fl, evaluating key parameters such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count. Methods Peripheral blood samples were gathered from 50 outpatient participants using the specified tubes. The samples underwent assessment for six hematological analytes, including RBC Count, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Comparative analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Differences exceeding the total allowable error were considered clinically significant. To assess stability, initial results were compared with those obtained from samples preserved for a duration of 2 hours Results Our findings indicate that the use of “DBO” vacutainers resulted in slightly higher values for Hb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and RBC count compared to the “BD” vacutainers. Notably, the statistical significance was observed in MCV, HCT, and MCHC across nearly all samples, while Hb and RBC parameters showed no significant changes. Given the crucial role of K2EDTA as an anticoagulant in maintaining the hypotonicity of Red Blood Cells (RBCs), ensuring accurate hematological analyses is imperative. Conclusions Although the T-value for Hemoglobin did not exhibit statistical significance, the study identified notable differences in Hematocrit (HCT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). This underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate vacutainer brand to ensure reliability and accuracy in hematological measurements, particularly when assessing MCV, where even slight variations can carry clinical implications. The results underscore the necessity for clinicians and laboratories to carefully consider the choice of vacutainers based on their specific requirements and the critical nature of the hematological parameters under analysis.

Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Acute Phase Protein Profiles of Sheep with Footrot Infection caused by <i>Dichelobacter nodosus</i>

Foot-related diseases are among the most common herd health issues worldwide, leading to heavy burden on the sheep and their owner including heavy socio-economic losses. This study investigated the haematological, serum biochemical and acute phase protein profiles of sheep with footrot infection caused by Dichelobacter nodosus. Blood samples from 15 sheep with footrot and 10 healthy controls were collected and analyzed for possible alterations in haematological, serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein (APPs). Sheep with footrot showed significant changes in haematological parameters including left-shift, neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Serum biochemical assay revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in the concentration of total protein, cortisol, glucose, haptoglobin and fibrinogen while the concentration of albumin was significantly decreased. The finding of this study emphasizes the importance of haematological, serum biochemical and APP analytes in the diagnosis and monitoring of footrot in sheep. The finding of this current study could be used for the development of point-of-care diagnostic markers that would aid prompt diagnosis and treatment of footrot in sheep.

Establishment of reference intervals of haematology and biochemistry analytes in ICR mice of different ages.

Outbred stocks of mice are widely used in pre-clinical research as these animals possess a diversified genetic background when compared with inbred strains of mice. It is crucial to assess particular alterations in the physiological and functional profiles of laboratory animals using haematological and biochemical indicators. These values can also differ between laboratories because they are influenced by many different factors. We aimed to provide normal values and reference intervals for selected haematology and biochemistry analytes of 570 ICR mice at three different ages: 6-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 6-9 months. Reference values were calculated by non-parametric methods. For comparisons between sexes, the independent-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were employed, and analysis of variance was used for age differences. The findings of the study revealed age-related declines in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. Mice aged 6-9 months had statistically higher platelet counts in their blood than mice of other ages. The white blood cell count had a significant age effect and progressively decreased with age. As mice get older, the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils increases, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. For the biochemical values, age-related significant differences in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations were found. It was also found that creatinine concentrations were comparable across all age ranges. The values presented in the present work can be used as a reference to interpret clinical pathology data for other studies and to evaluate health status.

Indirect Determination of Hematological Reference Intervals in Healthy Moroccan Adults Using Outpatient Data.

Reference intervals are essential for the interpretation of clinical laboratory tests and patient management. This study aims to determine age and gender reference intervals of complete blood count (CBC) in the Moroccan population by using the indirect approach. The study used data of ostensibly healthy adults collected retrospectively using the laboratory information system (LIS) of the Laboratory for Research and Medical Analysis of the Fraternal Royal Gendarmerie in Rabat (Morocco), between January 2018 and February 2020. The study included 5,898 men and 10,172 women ranging in age from 18 to 90 years. The lower and upper reference limits of CBC parameters were calculated using the nonparametric technique, as suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). All hematological parameters showed no clinically significant gender-related differences, except small differences in the values of hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). There were also no clinically significant agerelated differences for median values of all hematology analytes in both genders, except for platelet count (PLT) that continued to decline with increasing age in men and women, and Red blood cell count (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin (HB) that tended to increase with age but decrease in older age groups in men while they tended to increase with age in women. The indirect method can be used to establish reference intervals for CBC, with appropriate selection criteria and statistical tools. Our findings differed from the reference ranges provided in the textbook and also in other countries' reports.

Stable measurement of chemistry, immunochemistry, and hematology analytes in a heparin-based anticoagulant with iloprost additive: A promising candidate for the polyvalent blood collection tube.

A polyvalent blood collection tube could potentially reduce the number and volume of blood samples drawn from patients and reduce the risk of tube mix-ups in a point-of-care setting in the emergency department and the intensive care unit. Four different concentrations of our experimental heparin anticoagulant with iloprost additive (HEP-ILOP 50 nM, 150 nM, 1000 nM, and 10 μM, respectively) were tested for significant differences and bias performance specifications against EDTA for 29 hematology analytes, and the highest concentration (HEP-ILOP 10 μM) against lithium heparin for 14 chemistry and immunochemistry analytes. Samples were drawn from 79 consenting subjects from the Oncology Department (n = 38) and the Intensive and Intermediary Care Unit (n = 41). For hematology analytes, the HEP-ILOP formulation generally provided stable measurement within optimal requirements within 5 h after sampling (mean 104 ± 56 min), with very little difference between the four HEP-ILOP concentrations. Because of differences in platelet and red blood cell swelling between EDTA and HEP-ILOP, all size-dependent analytes required proportional factorization to produce similar results. Platelet count by impedance similarly required factorization, whereas the fluorescent method provided results identical with EDTA. Chemistry and immunochemistry analytes were within optimal requirements except for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, indicating a cytoprotective effect of iloprost reducing cell metabolism and rupture, thereby producing results closer to in vivo conditions. Our novel dry-sprayed anticoagulant formulation, HEP-ILOP, is a promising candidate for a polyvalent blood collection tube, enabling the analysis of hematology, chemistry, and immunochemistry analytes in the same tube.

Analysis of hematology quality control using six sigma metrics.

Clinical laboratories serve a critical role in increasing the efficiency of patient care. Choosing the right test, getting trustworthy results and appropriate interpretation are of utmost importance in improving the patient's well-being. Quality management strategies should be applied in routine patient care because laboratory errors have a major impact on the quality of patient care. In sigma metrics, errors identified are quantified as percentage errors or defects per million (DPM). It aims at improving the quality control (QC) process by forming an appropriate strategy. To analyze the internal quality control (IQC) of hematology analytes using the sigma metrics method and to devise the frequency of IQC by the results of six sigma metric analysis. This study was conducted in a tertiary care center of western India. Internal quality control (IQC) data sets of five analytes- Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), White blood cell count (WBC), and Platelet count (PLT) were analyzed retrospectively of six months using Beckman Coulter DXH 800 hematology analyzers. The observed sigma value was >6 for Hb, TLC, and PLT, indicating excellent results and requiring no modification in IQC. The Sigma value was between 3 and 4 for RBC and Hct suggested the need for improvement in quality control (QC) processes. No analytes showed a Sigma value of <3. Sigma metrics provide a quantitative framework that helps to assess analytic methodologies and can serve as an important self-assessment tool for quality assurance in the clinical laboratory.

Hematological changes in Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) supplemented with β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici synbiotic.

Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic-supplemented (β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non-supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex-related and size-related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting.

Pharmacokinetic profile of oral and subcutaneous administration of paracetamol in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and prediction of its analgesic efficacy.

The pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol in koalas is described when administered orally at 15 mg/kg; followed by the same dose, administered every 12 hours (hrs), repeated five times. After the initial oral administration, the median (range) maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), the time Cmax was reached (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) were 16.93 μg/mL (13.66 to 20.25 μg/mL); 4 hrs (4 to 8 hrs) and 5.54 hrs (4.66 to 7.67 hrs), respectively. When paracetamol was administered orally at 15 mg/mL every 12 hrs, the trough total plasma concentration range remained comparable to the therapeutic range in humans i.e. 4 to 20 μg/mL that is known to provide some analgesia. However, there is a smaller proportion of free drug (i.e. not bound to plasma proteins; and the active form) available in koala plasma (approximately 40% unbound) compared to human plasma (approximately 80% unbound). Consequently, even when there are similar total drug plasma concentrations in both koala and human plasma, the therapeutic efficacy may be reduced in koalas compared to humans. The initial oral dose and subsequent twice daily doses resulted in no obvious adverse effects in any koala. Haematology, plasma electrolyte and biochemical analyte values remained within their reference ranges eight hrs after the last dose but there was a significant change in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (an increase), and in total protein (a decrease) (both p = 0.03). A dose of 15 mg/kg was also administered as a subcutaneous injection, diluted 50:50 with saline, to two koalas. As the oral formulation and the subcutaneous administration resulted in comparable absorption, the study focused on the oral profile. Based on these results there is an argument to recommend a slight increase in the oral paracetamol dose for the koala, however further investigation is required to confirm whether repeated administration of a slightly higher dose may be associated with more severe or additional significant changes in haematology, electrolytes or biochemical analytes. However, a preferable recommendation would be to administer this dosage of paracetamol in combination with another analgesic such as tramadol, as a subcutaneous injection, to improve efficacy.

Concentrações de haptoglobina em vacas com histórico de ingestão crônica de samambaia

ABSTRACT: Bracken ferns (Pteridium spp.) have been associated with intoxication in cattle and is the cause of bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) characterized by intermittent hematuria, anemia, and poor body condition. Acute phase proteins have not previously been investigated in detail in BEH. Thus, this investigation determined serum concentrations of haptoglobin, selected hematological (complete blood count and fibrinogen), biochemical (total serum protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and creatine kinase), and urinary analytes, in 50 Nelore cows from farms with history of natural bracken fern chronic ingestion in the southern region of Brazil. Twenty-nine cows had macrohematuria and 21 microhematuria. From the 29 cows with macrohematuria, 13 had a countless number of erythrocytes per high power macroscopic field and anemia. All cows had dipstick proteinuria. Median haptoglobin concentrations were elevated for 47 BEH cows with a 3.9-fold increase, suggesting a chronic inflammatory response while the number of total leukocytes and segmented neutrophils were above the reference intervals for 14 cows. Besides inflammation, there is a hypothesis that bracken fern could cause hemolysis in the circulation. Therefore, there could be a larger acute phase reaction but much of the haptoglobin was being removed as it was being produced. In our study, increases in haptoglobin, creatine kinase, hyperglobulinemia and anemia were found in cows with BEH, contributing to the understanding of the chronic inflammatory response which could be associated with neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder caused by long-term and repeated ingestion of Pteridium species.

Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Values of a Captive Population of Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti).

Reference intervals for clinical chemistry and haematology analytes are essential for the interpretation of blood results, but limited data are available for Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in zoological collections as well as in the wild. The aim of the present study was therefore to establish reference intervals for a series of clinical chemistry and haematology analytes in a single zoological population of Humboldt penguins. Furthermore, possible variations of the analytes influenced by the age and sex of the individuals were investigated. Lithium heparinized plasma and whole blood samples from 39 animals were analysed and statistically evaluated. The following clinical chemistry analytes were significantly higher in females: glutamate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0003), alanine transaminase (p = 0.0005), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0245), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.0043), creatine kinase (p = 0.0016), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.0001), inorganic phosphorus (p = 0.0223), and sodium (p = 0.0415). No significant differences between males and females were found for any haematology analyte. Cholesterol (p = 0.0233; -0.39), white blood cell count (p = 0.0208; -0.40), and absolute heterophiles (p = 0.0148; -0.42) had significant negative correlations with the age of the penguins. The results indicate that the factors of sex and age should be considered when interpreting the results of haematological and clinical biochemistry assays, and further studies are needed to determine whether there are more differences in other age groups or seasons.

A-380 Concordance of Truvian's Point-of-Care Blood Testing Analyzer to Central Laboratory Testing

Abstract Background Truvian has developed a fully automated blood testing analyzer (TruAnalyzer) capable of running a panel of clinical chemistry, immunoassay and hematology assays from a low-volume blood sample. Truvian's compact instrument was designed to deliver a convenient and affordable alternative to off-site traditional labs, providing lab-accurate rapid insights from a single, small sample of blood with no upfront pre-processing required to inform health decisions at the point of care. Here, we evaluate the precision and accuracy of a comprehensive wellness panel tested on the TruAnalyzer and compare its performance to FDA cleared devices. Methods TruAnalyzer performance was assessed for both precision and accuracy. For the precision studies, two commercially available controls (one for plasma-based assays and one for blood-based assays) were added to the Truvian consumables and loaded into the TruAnalyzer. Six replicates were run on each of the ten instruments (N = 60). Coefficient of variance (CV) analysis was performed and compared against pre-established requirements. For method comparison studies, 50 unique donors were consented and enrolled in an IRB approved study and 68 donor samples were collected over a 3-day period. For each donor, three 4-mL tubes of blood were drawn: 1) a Lithium Heparin (LiHep) sample for the TruAnalyzer clinical chemistry and hematology panel, 2) a LiHep gel tube for the Roche Cobas c311 clinical chemistry assays, and 3) an EDTA sample for the Sysmex PocH-100i complete blood count with 3-part differential. All samples were processed within 1 hour of collection. Using only 300 µL sample volume, the TruAnalyzer reported results for 23 analytes including CMP (no electrolyes), Lipid, HbA1c, and CBC with 3-part differential. Concordance to comparator devices was determined by Bland-Altman analysis. Results For the precision study, 13 out of 14 (93%) chemistry analytes had a between-system CV of ≤5.8%. For hematology, 5 out of 5 (100%) analytes had a between-system CV of ≤6%. For the method comparison study, RBC counts showed 98% of samples tested being within 6% of comparator values. WBC and platelet counts had 97% of samples tested being within 10% and 15% of comparator values respectively. 95% of hematocrit samples were within 6% of comparator values and 98% of hemoglobin samples were within 7% of comparator values. All hematology analytes showed equivalency to Sysmex PocH-100i as determined by Bland-Altman equivalency analysis. For clinical chemistry analytes, 14 out of 15 (93%) analytes showed equivalency to Roche Cobas c311 as determined by Bland-Altman equivalency analysis when CLIA ATE guidelines were applied. 7 out of 15 clinical chemistry analytes had ≥90% of results within ATE. 5 out of 15 clinical chemistry analytes had ≥80% of results within ATE. Conclusion The Truvian blood testing analyzer is the first multi-modality system capable of running hematology, clinical chemistry and immunoassays from a single, low-volume blood sample. Results from this study demonstrate good precision for the majority of panel analytes and excellent concordance to FDA cleared comparators for assays evaluated in this study.

Blood analyte reference intervals and correlations with trace elements of immature and adult Eastern Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in coastal lagoons of Baja California Sur, México

Sea turtles can bioaccumulate high concentrations of potentially toxic contaminants. To better understand trace element effects on sea turtles' health, we established reference intervals for hematological and plasma biochemical analytes in 40 in-water, foraging immature and adult Eastern Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from two coastal lagoons in Baja California Sur, quantified whole blood concentrations of eight trace elements, and assessed their correlations. Rank-order trace element concentrations in both immature and adult turtles was zinc > selenium > nickel > arsenic > copper > cadmium > lead > manganese. Immature turtles had significantly higher copper and lower nickel and zinc concentrations. Additionally, a number of relationships between trace elements and blood analytes were identified. These data provide baseline information useful for future investigations into this population, or in other geographic regions and various life-stage classes.

A Study of Heavy Metal Status and its Relationship with Hematologic and Biochemical Indices in River Buffaloes in Southwest Iran.

Heavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutants which accumulate in various organs and are associated with several toxic effects. This study was performed to determine the status of heavy metals in river buffaloes in Khuzestan province, Iran, and its relationship with hematologic and serum biochemical parameters. A total of 103 apparently healthy buffaloes were sampled from the region. The concentration of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), was determined in serum samples by atomic spectroscopy. In addition, complete blood counts and serum biochemical profiles were assessed. The serum concentration of Cd, Pb, and Hg in the sampled buffaloes, as mean±standard error, were 0.55±0.01, 6.51±0.10, and 6.28±0.09 µg/l, respectively, which are within the permissible serum levels in the livestock. Serum Cd and Hg levels showed no significant relationship with hematologic or biochemical analytes. However, there were significant negative correlations between Pb levels and phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, as well as potassium concentrations, while serum iron was positively correlated with lead (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between Hg level and serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (P<0.05). Despite the fact that river buffaloes in Khuzestan spend a long time daily in the Karun River with high industrial pollution, no serum evidence of heavy metal toxicity was found in these animals. It can be suggested that river buffaloes in Khuzestan seem to be resistant to the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. However, further studies are required to confirm this issue and identify its possible explanations.

Analysis of pathogenetic manifestation of decompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis in cats

Despite the creation of more and more new generations of antibacterial agents, the correction of intestinal dysbiosis in animals currently remains one of the most complex and urgent problems in clinical veterinary medicine. The article presents an analysis of the pathogenetic manifestation (microbial background, hematological analytes) in decompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis in domestic cats in the dynamics of its correction. The aim of the study was to study the comparative effectiveness of various pharmacotherapy regimens for decompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis in cats. The data shows that when correcting decompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis in domestic cats, the most rational treatment regimen is the complex use of Lactobifadol probiotic (contains at least 1.0 106 CFU/g of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus LG1-DEP-VGIKI and 8.0 107 CFU/g of bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium adolescentis B-1-DEP-VGNKI), Vetelact prebiotic (contains lactulose - not less than 50 %), Azoksivet immunomodulator (contains 1.5 mg of azoximer bromide in 1 ml), as well as infusion therapy (intravenous drip injection of 10 ml/kg of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution; 10 ml/kg of 5 % glucose solution; 5 ml/kg of rheosorbelact and 2.5 ml/kg of refortan). This was confirmed by the results of pathogenetic picture (analysis of the microbial background and individual hematological analytes), in the dynamics of pharmacotherapy, namely before the start of correction, as well as on days 7 and 14. The improvement of diagnostic approaches and methods for correcting the most severe degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis (the stage of decompensation) creates prerequisites for the future study of dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal tract in other animal species, considering the severity of its manifestation.

Indexing hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of Himalayan snow trout, Schizothorax esocinus to instrument in health assessment.

Schizothorax esocinus, commonly known as snow trout, is one of the main contributors of food and livelihood in the colder zone of Himalayan region. The comprehensive information on its hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals is not reported yet. In the present study an attempt has been made to elucidate the hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of S. esocinus from River Jhelum using protocols of the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP). Wild fish were sampled over a period of 2years from the pollution free sites of river Jhelum. Fish blood was harvested through caudal venipuncture and hemato-biochemical analysis performed thereof. Data values from a total of healthy 432 adult fish specimens (216 male, 216 female) were systematically recorded. The reference intervals for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of S. esocinus were established using Reference Value Advisor software v 2.1. RIs for hematological and serum analytes ranged as: hemoglobin (Hb) 78.38-116.35 (g/L); white blood cells (WBC) 10-20 (×109/L); red blood cells (RBC) 1.30-2.15 (×1012/L); packed cell volume 27.00-39.45 (%); total protein 39.21-61.62 (g/L); albumin 8.20-22.02 (g/L); globulin 27.58-49.55 (g/L); glucose 3.25-7.18 (mmol/L); urea 0.96-2.38 (mmol/L); cholesterol 3.80-6.90 (mmol/L). The study also depicted that certain blood measurands were influenced with respect to sex. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of Hb, red blood cells count and serum glucose were noted in male as compared to female which, on the other hand, registered higher white blood cells count and serum cholesterol level (Mann Whitney U test, p < 0.05). The work, therefore, provides baseline information on hematological and serum biochemical analytes of this species which holds high commercial importance. RIs reported here can help monitor the health status of fish by improving the use of non-lethal diagnostic methods in piscine medicine.

Effects of melatonin on hematologic and biochemical changes and the effects of circadian rhythm on hematologic changes in donkeys (Equus asinus) subjected to packing during the hot-dry season.

Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may alleviate the effects of stress on hematologic and biochemical analytes in working donkeys that pack (load-carry). We aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin administration on hematologic and biochemical responses in donkeys subjected to packing during the hot-dry season. We also examined its effects on circadian rhythms. Ten male Nubian pack donkeys with (Packing + Melatonin; P + M) and without melatonin (Packing-Melatonin; P-M) administration were included. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after (15 min), and from 16 h to over 27-h postpacking at 3-h intervals for hematologic and total protein analyses. Serum from blood samples collected before and immediately after packing was analyzed for muscle enzyme activities and electrolyte concentrations. Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and online cosinor analysis were used for statistical analyses. Packed cell volumes (PCVs) of the P + M donkeys did not differ before and after packing. However, for the P-M donkeys, values before packing (30.20 ± 0.8%) were higher than those (26.87 ± 0.5%) after packing. The hematologic values recorded in the P + M donkeys were higher than those in the P-M donkeys, especially during the scotophase (P˂0.05). The mesor PCV, hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) values for the P + M donkeys were significantly (P˂0.05) higher than those in the P-M donkeys. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not different before (289.40 ± 60.8U/L) or after packing (323.20 ± 36.0U/L) in P + M donkeys, but the activity was significantly (P˂0.05) higher postpacking than prepacking in the P-M donkeys (294.20 ± 66.9U/L and 513.40 ± 68.5U/L, respectively). The relationships between the meteorologic parameters and PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations in the P + M donkeys were significantly negative (P˂0.05). Melatonin prevented a decrease in PCV and increase in LDH activity immediately after packing compared with non-treated donkeys. There was a marked effect during the scotophase on PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations. The circadian parameters indicated a significant effect of melatonin on the rhythmicity of the PCV, Hb, and RBC concentration in the treated donkeys. Melatonin administration may reduce the risk of adverse effects of environmental stress and stress due to packing in donkeys during the hot-dry season.

Annual biological variation and personalized reference intervals of clinical chemistry and hematology analytes

Annual biological variation and personalized reference intervals of clinical chemistry and hematology analytes

Heat ameliorative effects of rumen protected niacin supplementation in lactating Surti buffaloes

Niacin may cause evaporative thermolysis through cutaneous hyperemia, vasodilation, increased sweating rate and decreased skin temperature. It is antilipolytic and can improve metabolic responses. Heat stress ameliorative effects of rumen protected niacin (RPN) supplementation in lactating Surti buffaloes during summer has been investigated in present study. Fourteen lactating Surti buffaloes were divided into two groups (Control-T1, N=7; RPN-T2, N=7). T2 (RPN) group was supplemented with RPN 6 g/ animal/ day in two divided dose for 4 weeks. Meteorological, physiological, sweating rate and skin temperature parameters, milk yield and composition were recorded at weekly intervals. Hematological and biochemical analytes were analyzed at week 1 and 4. RPN supplementation decreased physiological parameters RT, RR and TT; increased (P≤0.05) sweating rate and decreased (P≤0.05) skin surface temperature; increased (P≤0.05) TEC, Hb, HCT, LYM and decreased (P≤0.05) GRAN in hematological profile; increased (P≤0.05) glucose and decreased (P≤0.05) cholesterol, triglyceride, NEFA and BHB among biochemical metabolites and increased (P≤0.05) GSH and SOD and decreased (P≤0.05) LPO in oxidative stress profile. RPN supplementation increased milk yield and milk fat. It was concluded that supplementation of rumen protected niacin in lactating Surti buffaloes increases sweating rate, reduces oxidative stress and increases milk fat and milk production.

Factors of local conversion of iodothyronines correlate with indicators of hormonal, biochemical, and hematological profiles in patients with spinal canal and dural sac stenosis of the lumbar spine

In order to find out the mechanisms of pathogenesis of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine, it is of particular interest to search for body parameters which are directly or indirectly interrelated with the key factors of peripheral conversion of nidus iodothyronines and constitute a system of network interactions, affecting metabolic indicators at the local and systemic level.The aim. To search for correlations of local key factors of peripheral conversion of Ligamentum flavum iodothyronines with indicators of biochemical, hematological and hormonal blood profiles of patients with stenosing processes of the spinal canal and dural sac in the lumbar spine.Materials and methods. 33 patients (15 males, 18 females) with stenosing processes of the spinal canal and dural sac in the lumbar spine were examined (mean age – 45.73 ± 1.95 years). The expression of deiodinase genes and other candidate genes was determined in Ligamentum flavum biopsies collected during surgical treatment. Biochemical, hematological and hormonal parameters were determined in peripheral blood. The resulting data array was processed in order to find correlations between the parameters of systemic and local metabolism.Results. The relationships of deiodinases with the expression of GDF5, MMP1, MMP3 and TIMP1 in Ligamentum flavum (p &lt; 0.05) were found. Of the hormonal profile of the blood serum, the most significant indicators were thyreotropin, free triiodothyronine and thyroperoxidase antibodies. In the biochemical profile, levels of direct bilirubin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides changed along with the expression of deiodinases. Correlative relationships with the expression of deiodinases were found for the following hematological analytes of whole peripheral blood: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, band neutrophils, red cell distribution width and platelet crit. The data obtained indicate the involvement of peripheral conversion factors in the pathogenetic process and provide information to form a new view on the pathogenesis of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the Ligamentum flavum of patients with stenosing processes of the spinal canal and the dural sac in the lumbar spine.

Differences in Weight, Hierarchy, and Incidence of Lameness between Two Groups of Adult Pigs Derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies.

The in vitro production (IVP) and subsequent transfer of embryos (ET) to recipient mothers is not yet an established reproductive technology in the pig industry, as it is in cattle. However, that the trade of IVP-cryopreserved pig embryos is expected to start in the next decades. Society and governments are increasingly aware of the repercussions that IVP could have for animal health, welfare, behavior, or food safety, but proven scientific information for this type of animal does not exist, since no colonies of pigs have been created to this end. We created a small one and studied the differences between 16 IVP-derived pigs and 14 pigs derived from artificial insemination (AI), at 3.5 years of age, conceived from the same boar, and housed and fed under the same conditions since they were born. Incidence of lameness, position in the herd hierarchy, weight, adenosine deaminase activity, and hematological and biochemical analytes were compared between the two groups of animals. The results showed that the IVP animals weighed more, occupied higher positions in the herd hierarchy, and had a lower incidence of lameness. Although genetic differences from the maternal line could explain some of these results, it is also possible that the IVP animals developed better adaptative abilities, but more studies with a higher number of animals are necessary to reach consistent conclusions.