Hematic Parameters Research Articles

Effects of age on the haematological and biochemical parameters in Romanian buffalo

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of hematic constants related to age in Romanian buffalo, in order to establish references values based on age of the animals. A number of 45 Romanian buffalo animals, clinically healthy, were divided into 3 groups (n=15/group) according to their age, as follows: Group T1 = un-weaned buffalo calves of 1 to 3 months of age, Group T2 = young buffalo heifers of 6 to 12 months, and Group T3 = buffalo adult cows of 3 to 5 years of age. Different hematological parameters and biochemical parameters were investigated in the three groups. Generally, a significant effect of age on both hematological and biochemical indices studied was observed (P<0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol and the concentration of inorganic phosphorous were not influenced by age of the animals (P>0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between total protein and age of the animals (P=0.0019), while significant negative correlations were observed between hemoglobin (P=0.0227), white blood cells count (P=0.0352), lymphocytes (P=0.0002), platelet (P=0.0022), total cholesterol (P=0.1201), calcium (P=0.0077) and age of the animals. The results of the current pilot study could prove useful in establishing a baseline and health alarm thresholds for hematic parameters in water-buffalo, based on age of the animals and physiological status.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THORACIC AORTA TRANSECTION BY CONTUSIVE TRAUMA: CASE REPORT

Traumatic injuries to the thoracic aorta are rare events with high mortality. Several treatment modalities are described, including: conservative treatment, endovascular techniques, and conventional surgery. The objective of this work is to report the conventional surgical treatment and its evolution of a thoracic aorta transection injury. Case Report: Patient, F.R. 25 years old, victim of blunt motor trauma x shield, was admitted to the unit with chest pain plus signs of shock, a chest CT scan was performed and a grade IV blunt injury to the thoracic aorta and fracture of the right femur were identified, evolving with hypotension, tachycardia and anemia. A posterolateral thoracotomy was performed and, after control and exploration of the hematoma, a lesion with aortic transection was found, with an interposition using a Dacron prosthesis, with a satisfactory clamping time followed by chest drainage. External fixation of the D femur fracture was performed during the same surgery. Red blood cell concentrates were used during the operative period. The patient was admitted to the ICU, on mechanical ventilation, sedated and with amines and blood drains. He developed AKI due to rhabdomyolysis, requiring hemodialysis. A new CT scan showed hemothorax on the right side, and a thoracostomy on the right side was performed on the second day after the first surgery. The patient progressed with weaning from sedation and extubation 5 days after the first surgical procedure, but maintained anemia and mild hypoxia. A new CT scan showed a left hemothorax associated with a small pneumothorax, and a videothoracoscopy was performed on left with evacuation of the clot plus drainage. a good evolution of the condition, with improvement in hematic parameters and renal insufficiency, with gradual removal of the drains. Discharged from hospital without further complications.

A Spectroscopy-Based Sensor for the AI-Based Classification of Lipemic and Hematic Parameters

A Spectroscopy-Based Sensor for the AI-Based Classification of Lipemic and Hematic Parameters

Effect of antibiotic substitution with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probiotic on hematic parameters and growth performance of broilers

Effect of antibiotic substitution with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probiotic on hematic parameters and growth performance of broilers

Statistical analysis alternatives to validate hematic parameters in dairy under tropical conditions

The hematic parameters of cows selected for milk production in grazing under tropic conditions were analyzed based on six experimental studies. The major objective was to determine statistical analysis alternatives that could be used in the study of physiological, environmental or genetic variations. The parameters analyzed were hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and counts of polymorphonuclear cells (i.e., eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes). Initially 972 data from adult cows with productions considered medium-high in the context of local dairy production were analyzed. After the information decanting process, 415 records were used. These data corresponded to a sampling period from 30 days before calving to day 105 postpartum, with determinations made fortnightly. Blood collection was made every two weeks and each moment was defined as a period. Different analytical techniques were applied in searching to extract the best information from the data and that could be reused in the future. The best type of analysis corresponded to the Random Forest (RF) technique, clustering, and analysis of variance.The effect of an indicator of energy metabolism (non-esterified fatty acids - NEFA), an indicator of protein metabolism (total protein - TP) of 10 collection periods, three breed groups and three types of nutritional management given to the animals on the blood variables were analyzed. Multivariate correlation and machine learning methods were used to extract information from the data. Results indicated that hematological behavior change throughout close up dry cow, transition period and first phase of lactation. No high direct or inverse correlation were found among variables. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels can be estimated from variables associated with metabolic indicators and blood components. Further studies are required to elucidate the hematic behavior of dairy cows during the transition period.

Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes.

Physical activity level and sedentary behaviors affect health status in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2); their assessment is mandatory to properly prescribe exercise programs. From January 2011 to February 2014, 293 overweight/obese adults (165 women and 128 men, mean age of 51.9 ± 9.5 years and 54.6 ± 8.3 years, respectively), with and without DM2, participated in a three-month intensive exercise program. Before starting, participants were allocated into three subgroups (overweight, body mass index or BMI = 25–29.9; class 1 of obesity, BMI = 30–34.4; or class 2 (or superior) of obesity, BMI > 35). The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-it) was used to evaluate participants’ baseline sitting time (SIT) and physical activity level (PAL). Stratified multiple analyses were performed using four subgroups of SIT level according to Ekelund et al., 2016 (low, 8 h/day of SIT) and three subgroups for PAL (high, moderate, and low). Health-related measures such as anthropometric variables, body composition, hematic parameters, blood pressure values, and functional capacities were studied at the beginning and at the end of the training period. An overall improvement of PAL was observed in the entire sample following the three-month intensive exercise program together with a general improvement in several health-related measures. The BMI group factor influenced the VO2 max variations, leg press values, triglycerides, and anthropometric variables, while the SIT group factor impacted the sitting time, VO2 max, glycemic profile, and fat mass. In this study, baseline PAL and SIT did not seem to influence the effects of an exercise intervention. The characteristics of our educational program, which also included a physical exercise protocol, allowed us to obtain positive results.

A case report of isoniazid adverse drug reaction in a pediatric patient with defective NAT2 gene

Abstract Rationale: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major health problem worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates, ranging from 0.5% to 16.8% in hospitalized children. One of the most effective and widely used drugs for anti-tuberculosis treatment is Isoniazid (INH). INH is a pro-drug and following oxidative activation, forms an adduct with NAD+ that inhibits NADH-dependent targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although this regimen is effective in treating active tuberculosis, it is associated with many ADRs considered as the main complication during therapy Patient concerns: The patient, a 14-year-old girl, presented with nodal tuberculosis exhibiting mobile laterocervical and angle-mandibular lymphadenopathy Diagnoses: INH plasmatic concentration levels above the therapeutic range and a custom NGS gene panel including NAT2 gene allowed the identification of the NAT2∗5C/∗6B slow metabolizer haplotype Interventions: The Patient was hospitalized and initially treated with quadruple antituberculosis therapy. After treatment, she was not able to continue the anti-tuberculosis treatment owing to ADR including overwhelming vomiting, nausea, worsening of clinical conditions, and hypertransaminasemia. Outcomes: Isoniazid and Rifampicin dosage was halved and then, because of the further increase of transaminases, anti-tuberculosis therapy was suspended. Clinical conditions and hematic parameters rapidly improved after suspension of anti-tuberculosis drugs Lessons: We report a 14-year-old girl with defective NAT2 that showed ADRs during anti-tuberculosis therapy. Combined strategy of therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic analysis should be widely adopted during the routine clinical practice in order to optimize therapy and minimize ADRs

Fine polystyrene microplastics render immune responses more vulnerable to two veterinary antibiotics in a bivalve species

Living in close proximity to the sediment of coastal areas, bivalves may be exposed to veterinary antibiotic residuals and microplastics (MPs) simultaneously. However, the immunotoxic impacts of veterinary antibiotics remain unknown in bivalves, let alone their interactions with MPs. Therefore, the immune responses of two representative veterinary antibiotics, oxytetracycline and florfenicol, was investigated in a bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). The effects of the copresence of MPs on the immune responses triggered by these antibiotics were also analyzed. Results showed that exposure to antibiotics investigated led to significant alteration in hematic parameters and reduction in lectin content in serum. In addition to inducing ROS production, aggravating lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and suppressing the hemocyte viability, antibiotic treatments also downregulated the expression of immune- and detoxification-related genes but upregulated apoptosis-related Caspase-3. Furthermore, the toxic impacts of antibiotics were found to be significantly increased by the copresence of MPs.

Delirium risk factors analysis post proximal femur fracture surgery in elderly.

Background and aim:The increase in the average-age and in the percentage of elderly people implies an exponential increase in fractures of the proximal femur. A common consequence of hip fracture in elderly patients is delirium, characterized by cognitive confusion or a lethargic-type condition. Predisposing factors have been identified, but risk factors assessment useful for managing clinical intervention, has not received unanimous consent. This work aims to identify the potential risk factors for delirium in the elderly operated for hip fracture.Methods:In this prospective observational study, we included 83 patients aged >65 years. Patients undergoing osteosynthesis of the femur and hip replacement for fractures were included. Patients already delusional in the pre-operative period were excluded. At the time, deadlines T0 (pre-operative), and T1,T3,T7 post-operative day, delirium, hematic parameters, blood transfusions, were assessed.Results:Level of delirium was assessed obtaining 80% not delusional and 20% delusional. Glycemia and hemoglobin were not found to be risk factors, although they are known to influence cognitive status; we hypothesize they should be considered predisposing factors. Comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease were found associated with delirium. The most advanced age, anxiolytic drugs, the use of benzodiazepine as anaesthetic, the time surgical waiting, were found significantly associated with delirium.Conclusions:Taken together, findings of this prospective observational study showed that environmental and metabolic risk factors might contribute to make elderly susceptible to develop postoperative delirium following hip surgery. Thus, these patients should be adequately assessed and monitored. (www.actabiomedica.it)

RBC membrane camouflaged boron nitride nanospheres for enhanced biocompatible performance

Boron nitride nanospheres (BNNS) have attracted increasing attention in many fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. Biomedical application of BNNS has also been explored recently. However, limited by the hydrophobicity and poor dispersity of BNNS, their biocompatible performance especially the in vivo biosafety has rarely been reported and is still unclear now. In this work, BNNS were firstly camouflaged with red blood cell membrane by physical extrusion (CM-BNNS). CM-BNNS were then incubated with cells as well as intravenously injected into the mice to uncover their potential in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Results were promising as CM-BNNS exhibited better dispersion and stability compared with pristine BNNS. In vitro data demonstrated the relatively enhanced biosafety of CM-BNNS. The red blood cell membrane coating endowed BNNS with markedly prolonged blood circulation and decreased accumulation in the lung. In addition, CM-BNNS showed no adverse effects on all the evaluated hematic parameters and tissues of treated mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Taken together, our work demonstrated the optimal biocompatibility of CM-BNNS and pave the way for their future biomedical applications.

Machine Learning Approach for Prediction of Hematic Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients.

Objective: This paper shows the application of machine learning techniques to predict hematic parameters using blood visible spectra during ex-vivo treatments. Methods: A spectroscopic setup was prepared for acquisition of blood absorbance spectrum and tested in an operational environment. This setup is non invasive and can be applied during dialysis sessions. A support vector machine and an artificial neural network, trained with a dataset of spectra, have been implemented for the prediction of hematocrit and oxygen saturation. Results & Conclusion: Results of different machine learning algorithms are compared, showing that support vector machine is the best technique for the prediction of hematocrit and oxygen saturation.

Possible antioxidant effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on hepatic cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) pretreatment against cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were divided into control group, LBP group (300mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30days), Cd group (CdCl2 4mg/kg i.p. once), and LBP+Cd group (LBP 300mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30days+CdCl2 4mg/kg i.p. 24h after the last treatment). Cd liver injury was examined by morphological/histological changes, transaminases, total protein concentration, and oxidative stress evaluated by MDA, 3NT, GSH, SOD, and TEAC activities. Cd intoxication caused gross morphological changes with hyperemia of the parenchyma, increased volume, and disappearance of the anatomical limits of the lobes associated with an increase of ALT, GSH, and TEAC in plasma and a decrease of MDA, GSH, and TEAC in liver, SOD, and total proteins in plasma. LBP pretreatment caused a slight improvement in the histological architecture and in the 3NT amount together with a significant improvement of hematic parameters. On the basis of the obtained results, we can affirm that LBP pretreatment can ameliorate liver conditions, but further studies are needed to better evaluate the protective antioxidant effects of LBP against Cd-induced toxicity.

Protective Effect of Naringin Flavonoid on Cisplatin Induced Hematotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Cisplatin is an important anticancer drug used in treatment of wide range of cancers. Even though it has got severe adverse effects which are linked with elevated oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of flavonoid Naringin against the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin (CP) on hematic parameters and hepatic antioxidant biomarkers in wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into four equal groups in separate cages, six rats in each: control (saline 1ml p.o.), Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg once i.p), combination of cisplatin and Naringin (50mg/kg p.o. for 21 days) and combination of cisplatin and Naringin (100mg/kg p.o. for 21 days). Blood samples were collected and subjected for evaluation of haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb, and Platelets) and serum biomarkers (ALT, AST & ALP). Livers were excised from rats and subjected for antioxidants (GSH, MDA, SOD&Catalase) evaluation and histopathological study. Naringin provided a beneficial (P<0.001) role in CP-induced hemotoxicity by increasing RBC, Hb, PCV & platelets. Naringin also showed significant (P<0.001) protection against CP induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing ALT, AST, ALP, MDA level and by increasing the GSH, SOD, catalase, due to its ability to reduce free radical-induced oxidative damage in the liver and to scavenge the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. The present findings clearly suggest that Naringin protects against cisplatin induced oxidative stress on blood cells and hepatic antioxidant defence system.

Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Exogenous Trypsin Biomimics Zymogen-Like Enzyme in Fish Gastrointestinal Tract

Exogenous proteolytic enzyme supplementation is required in certain disease conditions in humans and animals and due to compelling reasons on use of more plant protein ingredients and profitability in animal feed industry. However, limitations on their utility in diet are imposed by their pH specificity, thermolabile nature, inhibition due to a variety of factors and the possibility of intestinal damage. For enhancing the efficacy and safety of exogenous trypsin, an efficient chitosan (0.04%) nanoencapsulation-based controlled delivery system was developed. An experiment was conducted for 45 days to evaluate nanoencapsulated trypsin (0.01% and 0.02%) along with 0.02% bare trypsin and 0.4% chitosan nanoparticles against a control diet on productive efficiency (growth rate, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio), organo-somatic indices, nutrient digestibility, tissue enzyme activities, hematic parameters and intestinal histology of the fish Labeo rohita. All the synthesized nanoparticles were of desired characteristics. Enhanced fish productive efficiency using nanoencapsulated trypsin over its bare form was noticed, which corresponded with enhanced (P<0.01) nutrient digestibility, activity of intestinal protease, liver and muscle tissue transaminases (alanine and aspartate) and dehydrogenases (lactate and malate), serum blood urea nitrogen and serum protein profile. Intestinal tissues of fish fed with 0.02% bare trypsin showed broadened, marked foamy cells with lipid vacuoles. However, villi were healthier in appearance with improved morphological features in fish fed with nanoencapsulated trypsin than with bare trypsin, and the villi were longer in fish fed with 0.01% nanoencapsulated trypsin than with 0.02% nanoencapsulated trypsin. The result of this premier experiment shows that nanoencapsulated trypsin mimics zymogen-like proteolytic activity via controlled release, and hence the use of 0.01% nanoencapsulated trypsin (in chitosan nanoparticles) over bare trypsin can be favored as a dietary supplement in animals and humans.

Doping control analysis of desmopressin in human urine by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS after urine delipidation

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has recently added desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of the endogenous peptide hormone arginine vasopressin, to the Prohibited List, owing to the potential masking effects of this drug on hematic parameters useful to detect blood doping. A qualitative method for detection of desmopressin in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) has been developed and validated. Desmopressin purification from urine was achieved by means of delipidation with a 60:40 di-isopropyl ether/n-butanol and solid-phase extraction with WCX cartridges. The lower limit of detection was 25 pg/mL. Extraction recovery was determined as 59.3% (SD 29.4), and signal reduction owing to ion suppression was estimated to be 42.7% (SD 12.9). The applicability of the method was proven by the analysis of real urine samples obtained after intravenous, oral and intranasal administration of desmopressin, achieving unambiguous detection of the peptide in all the cases.

Pilot in vivo toxicological investigation of boron nitride nanotubes

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have attracted huge attention in many different research fields thanks to their outstanding chemical and physical properties. During recent years, our group has pioneered the use of BNNTs for biomedical applications, first of all assessing their in vitro cytocompatibility on many different cell lines. At this point, in vivo investigations are necessary before proceeding toward realistic developments of the proposed applications. In this communication, we report a pilot toxicological study of BNNTs in rabbits. Animals were injected with a 1 mg/kg BNNT solution and blood tests were performed up to 72 hours after injection. The analyses aimed at evaluating any acute alteration of hematic parameters that could represent evidence of functional impairment in blood, liver, and kidneys. Even if preliminary, the data are highly promising, as they showed no adverse effects on all the evaluated parameters, and therefore suggest the possibility of the realistic application of BNNTs in the biomedical field.

Hypoglycemic effect of lupin seed γ-conglutin in experimental animals and healthy human subjects

A lupin seed γ-conglutin-enriched preparation was tested in a glucose overload trial with both murine models and adult healthy volunteers. The results with rats showed a dose-dependent significant decrease of blood glucose concentration, which confirmed previous findings obtained with the purified protein. Moreover, three test-product doses equivalent to 630, 315, and 157.5mg γ-conglutin, orally administered 30min before the carbohydrate supply, showed a relevant hypoglycemic effect in human trials. Insulin concentrations were not significantly affected. The general hematic parameters did not change at all.This is the first report on the glucose-lowering effect of lupin γ-conglutin in human subjects.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anemia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en todos sus estadios. Consenso del Anemia Working Group Latin America (AWGLA)

The present consensus document of the Anemia Working Group Latin America (AWGLA) considers all stages of chronic kidney disease in adults older than 18 years, from the predialysis phase until the dialysis phase, both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, and renal transplantation. Many of the recommendations are common to all phases while others may be applicable in only one particular phase, as indicated in the document when appropriate.The guideline is divided into the following parts: the importance and implications of anemia in chronic kidney disease, diagnosis of anemia, study of anemia of renal origin, the hemoglobin range to be achieved, the frequency of monitoring of hematic parameters, diagnosis of iron deficiency, treatment of iron deficiency, use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, use of other adjuvant agents, transfusional therapy, and anemia in renal transplantation.

Conjugated linoleic acid and hepatic lipogenesis in mouse: role of the mitochondrial citrate carrier

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is able to reduce adiposity by affecting lipid metabolism. In particular, CLA administration to mice reduces body fat mass with a concomitant lipid accumulation in the liver. We investigated the effects of CLA on the activity of the mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC), which is implicated in hepatic lipogenesis. The transport activity of the CIC, measured both in intact mitochondria and in the proteoliposomes, progressively increased with the duration of CLA feeding. An increase in the CIC activity of approximately 1.7-fold was found in 16 week CLA-treated mice with respect to control animals. A kinetic analysis showed a 1.6-fold increase in the V(max) of citrate transport but no change in the K(m) value. Western blot experiments revealed an increase of approximately 1.7-fold in the expression of CIC after CLA treatment. A strict correlation between the increase in CIC activity and the stimulation of the cytosolic lipogenic enzymes was also found. These data indicate that the CIC may play a role in the onset of hepatic steatosis in CLA-fed mice by supplying the carbon source for de novo fatty acid synthesis.

Effects of low temperatures and fasting on hematology and plasma composition of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Low temperatures, and the voluntary fasting that they induce, have been implicated in outbreaks of winter syndrome in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Two experiments were performed with the objective of studying if a decrease in water temperature is sufficient to induce this disease or some of its associated signs. In the first experiment, water temperature was either acutely or gradually reduced to 8 °C. In the second experiment, fish were exposed to either 8 °C or 12 °C, or fasted at 14 °C. Although no mortalities due to winter syndrome were registered during any of the experiments, some of the signs described in affected sea bream were observed in 8 °C-exposed fish. Among the most relevant were the paleness and friability of the liver and the occurrence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes. During the experiments, the general state of health of fish was monitored by measuring hematic parameters and the plasma concentration of proteins, glucose and ions. Low temperatures (8 and 12 °C) and fasting at 14 °C resulted in significant decreases in the levels of the different plasma protein fractions. This drop was more important in all the 8 °C-exposed fish, due mainly to a higher descent of albumin, α1-globulins and fibrinogen. Moreover, 8 °C-exposed fish showed a fall in total white blood cells and a rise of plasma glycemia, as well as a significant drop of plasma potassium and calcium levels and a transient increase of plasma magnesium concentration. In 8 °C-exposed fish, the rate of water temperature descent did not modify the profiles of change of any of the studied parameters. These results indicate that at 8 °C gilthead sea bream are unable to maintain the levels of plasma protein fractions and ions present in control animals.