Help Of Comparative Analysis Research Articles

EDAS method for circular pythagorean fuzzy with improved Dombi power aggregation operators and their application in policy analysis and decision support systems

A circular Pythagorean fuzzy set is a very dominant and reliable technique for coping with uncertain and vague information in genuine life problems because it contains the membership function, non-membership function, and radius between both grades with a condition that is the sum of the pair will be contained in the unit interval. The objective of this article is to define some improved Dombi operational laws based on circular improved Pythagorean fuzzy values. Moreover, we discuss some drawbacks of the existing Dombi aggregation operators based on circular improved Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. We also defined some improved Dombi averaging and geometric aggregation operators and their properties. Later on, a technique of evaluation based on distance from the average solution is stated by using the proposed operators. Additionally, we resolve the problem of policy analysis and decision support systems based on multi-attribute decision-making problems for initiated techniques to enhance the worth of the derived theory. Finally, we illustrate some examples for showing the supremacy and validity of the proposed theory with the help of comparative analysis between proposed ranking values and some existing ranking values.

Official Correspondence: New Challenges of Nowadays and Application Requirements

The aim of the article is to find out the specifics of modern official correspondence in Ukraine through the prism of modern challenges, new requirements and standards. Research methods ground on the general scientific studying of the problem. In the course of processing the professional literature of this scientific article, the review and analytical method is applied, as well as with the help of comparative analysis, a congruous research of the syntactic content of phrases in English and Ukrainian business letters is conducted. The use of the induction method makes it possible to make necessary generalisations and conclusions. The scientific study is built on the principles of objectivity and integrity. The scientific novelty consists in determining the main communicative requirements, linguistic and structural peculiarities of modern official letters. Main conclusions. Under the influence of recent events in Ukraine, official correspondence has acquired new features due to the changes in conditions and forms of communication, in particular, it is characterised by manifestations of empathy, openness and frankness, taking into account the fact that it is not always possible to adhere to working hours by maximum clarity of the formulated tasks. At the same time, the existing standards, and the legislative and regulatory framework regarding the design of official letters are being improved. Communications are moving to a remote plane, and electronic documentation is gaining advantages. Along with Ukrainian, English is becoming more and more functional for use. A comparative analysis of the language content of business letter phrases written in these languages shows that the structure of official letters remains unchanged regardless of the country to which they are sent, which makes it possible to create a conventional template of a letter to English-speaking partners and use it. Such typification of texts is suitable for further usage, provides an opportunity to significantly save time for writing similar letters in future. However, the role and advantage of the Ukrainian language functioning within Ukraine remains indisputable.

Comparative Analysis on Machine Learning Approaches in Paralysis Disease Prediction

Machine learning approaches availability and its automated solutions improved precision and reproducibility of the execution of crucial activities in a variety of sectors, including radiology, diagnostics, and many others, where it is already having a significant impact. Paralysis occurs when people are unable to make voluntary muscle movements. Paralysis is caused by a problem with the nervous system. The main focus of this article is to explore the idea of building a Paralysis Prediction and Monitoring Model with the help of machine learning techniques. It is used to determine the frequency of nerve stimulation in the affected region as well as monitor the stimulus and paralysis-precipitating factors. It also highlights various machine learning algorithms like Decision tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Logistic regression, Random Forest functionality in prediction of paralysis occurrence with the help of a accuracy graph and showcase the best machine learning approach in prediction of paralysis disease with the help of comparative analysis.

ON THE CATEGORY OF THE PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLES IN GREEK AND BULGARIAN

The present article is a comparative study of the present passive participles in Greek and Bulgarian, their meaning, use, as well as the Bulgarian equivalents of the Greek present passive participles. From a typological point of view, we can assign the present passive participle to the category of linguistic phenomena that exist in Bulgarian and Greek, but differ significantly in their meaning and use. It was this fact that generated my interest in the type of participle in question, and the purpose of the present study is, with the help of comparative analysis, to reveal the main similarities and differences in the meanings and use of the present passive participle in Greek and Bulgarian. In the first part of the study, a system-level analysis was performed – the formation, meaning and use of the present passive participles in each of the two languages are presented separately. Even here, significant differences emerge in the characteristics of the studied participles in the two languages. In the second part of the study, the analysis moves to the level of speech – the concrete implementation in speech of the present passive participles is analyzed, by means of a comparison of their use in certain texts and for this purpose, documents issued by the European Union and translated into Greek and Bulgarian have been selected.

The Alternative for Germany and the Left Parties in the Eastern States: Transformation of Electoral Preferences

Introduction. The separate existence of East Germany over the years has led to the formation of unique electoral preferences of citizens. In eastern federal states the Left as the heir to the Socialist Unity Party of Germany remained one of the leaders for a long time. However, in recent years its traditional electorate has increasingly begun to choose the Alternative for Germany. The aim of this article is to identify the main reasons for this shift in preferences in East Germany. Materials and Methods. The main materials were the results of the elections to the Bundestag and Landtags. The statistics illustrating the performance of the Left on the national average and separately in East Germany in the national elections since 2009 was processed with the help of comparative analysis, the same was done with regard to the subnational elections since 2009 and 2011. The results of the Alternative for Germany were evaluated from its inception in 2013. Additionally, the data was used on preferences among voters of various age groups, the rating of the National Democratic Party of Germany before and after the advent of the Alternative for Germany, as well as GDP per capita indicators. Results. It is confirmed that it was the Alternative for Germany that mainly occupied the former niche of the Left. The main reasons that comprehensively influenced electoral preferences include the generational change, the unsuccessful adaptation of the left forces to Western values, the unpopularity of anti-capitalist rhetoric, the presence of more influential opponents on key left-wing topics, the demand for conservative and opposition ideology (e.g. in migration policy), as well as the ability of right-wing populists to work with protest voters. Discussion and Conclusion. The decline in the ratings of the left has become a rather stable phenomenon in recent years, while the performance of the right-wing populists strongly depended on the reaction of the party to a particular political crisis. However, this was more about the general popularity of the Alternative for Germany, which did not imply real prerequisites for the return of the electorate to the Left. The results of this paper can be applied in expert-analytical and research activities aimed at explaining electoral processes.

P. L. Dravert’s Prehistoric Science Fiction in the “Siberian Text” of Russian Literature

This article examines The Tale of the Mammoth and the Glacier Man, an unfinished novel by P. L. Dravert. The text is analysed from the point of view of prehistoric fiction and science fiction, as well as from the point of view of the reflection of constants basic for the “Siberian text” of Russian literature. The “Siberian text” was first put forward by V. I. Tyupa. In Russian culture, Siberia is connected with several ideas. It is a place for exiles, a place of death and resurrection, a utopian paradise, and a territory where mammoths lived. Dravert’s work contains all these characteristics. At the turn of the twentieth century, in Russian literature, there appear several texts about ancient mammoth hunters. It was possible due to the development of paleontology as a science. Dravert’s texts stand out from the texts on the same topic. The writer does not show the world of the past to the reader but brings the ancient man to early twentieth-century Siberia. With the help of comparative analysis, the author identifies typical features of the paleo-fiction of Russian modernism (the figure of a mammoth, the topos of a fire, non-localisation in time), as well as the innovations introduced by Dravert. The novel considers not only the Russian traditions of depicting Siberia but also the tradition of Jules Verne. The very figure of the mammoth, extremely significant for modernism, also goes back to the “Siberian” and “Permian” texts (traditions common in Siberia). The author concludes that the text reproduces the unfinished novel of the constants characteristic of the “Siberian text” when their function changes: all established clichés begin to serve as an adventure plot in the spirit of Jules Verne.

Textual Feature Extraction Using Ant Colony Optimization for Hate Speech Classification

Feature selection and feature extraction have always been of utmost importance owing to their capability to remove redundant and irrelevant features, reduce the vector space size, control the computational time, and improve performance for more accurate classification tasks, especially in text categorization. These feature engineering techniques can further be optimized using optimization algorithms. This paper proposes a similar framework by implementing one such optimization algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), incorporating different feature selection and feature extraction techniques on textual and numerical datasets using four machine learning (ML) models: Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and Random Forest (RF). The aim is to show the difference in the results achieved on both datasets with the help of comparative analysis. The proposed feature selection and feature extraction techniques assist in enhancing the performance of the machine learning model. This research article considers numerical and text-based datasets for stroke prediction and detecting hate speech, respectively. The text dataset is prepared by extracting tweets consisting of positive, negative, and neutral sentiments from Twitter API. A maximum improvement in accuracy of 10.07% is observed for Random Forest with the TF-IDF feature extraction technique on the application of ACO. Besides, this study also highlights the limitations of text data that inhibit the performance of machine learning models, justifying the difference of almost 18.43% in accuracy compared to that of numerical data.

СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ ЯКОСТІ В ОСВІТНІЙ СФЕРІ: ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ISO 9001 ТА ISO 21001

The purpose of the article is to justify the need to implement ISO 21001:2019 "Educational organizations. Management systems for educational organizations. Requirements and guidelines for use" in the activities of domestic educational organizations. The achievement of the goal set in the article was carried out by methods of collecting scientific and practical sources of information and with the help of comparative analysis and analysis of dynamic series. The state of certification according to international and domestic standards in the field of education quality assurance in 2018-2022 was investigated to create common quality strategies. Based on the evaluation of the frequency of key words of ISO 9001 and ISO 21001 standards, their comparison was made. It has been established that the introduction of quality management standards in the educational sector is an important step to ensure the quality of education and increase its competitiveness. The introduction and use of ISO 21001 will significantly improve the management processes of educational institutions and increase the effectiveness of quality management. To understand the readiness of ISO 21001:2019 implementation, a survey of university administration representatives was conducted. The attitude of university admini­strations to the use of ISO 9001 and ISO 21001 standards was established. The results of the survey showed that the existence of an effective accreditation system, the optional introduction of ISO, and the lack of resources (personnel, financial) hinder the process of implementing ISO 21001 in universities. Proposals for the implementation of ISO 21001 in the activities of domestic higher education institutions are based on the need for the formation of a culture not only of administrative activities, but also of changing the environment of the activities of educational institutions and consist in the development of a national policy for the introduction of ISO 21001 in the educational sector, the need to conduct informational and explanatory work among educational institutions about the advantages of the implementation of ISO 21001, provision of financial support to universities implementing ISO 21001.

Налоговая система в России, как фактор дифференциации уровня жизни населения

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the taxation structure in Russia on the differentiation of the living standard of the population. The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that the future development of the country depends on the level and quality of life of citizens. With the help of comparative analysis, the positive and negative effects of proportional and progressive taxation systems are considered. The consequences of the development of the level of poverty and inequality on the socio-economic situation of the country are noted. The dynamics of inflation and wages of employees are reflected. The assessment and views of both domestic and foreign economic scientists on the quality and efficiency of the use of the tax system and the tax rate are presented. Mathematical calculations were carried out, on the basis of which it was proposed to reduce the income tax rate for low-income citizens, the introduction of a selective tax, the development of which contributes to improving the quality of social services provided by the state. The successful foreign experience of introducing a selective tax by the example of Western European countries is presented. The scientific novelty of the research work is that, based on calculations, the possibility of full exemption from income tax of low-income citizens without prejudice to the state budget has been confirmed. The role of the state in building a society based on justice is determined.

Utilization of Galerkin finite element strategy to investigate comparison performance among two hybrid nanofluid models

The utilization of Fourier’s law of heat conduction provides the parabolic partial differential equation of thermal transport, which provides the information regarding thermal transport for the initial time, but during many practical applications, this theory is not applicable. Therefore, the utilization of modified heat flux model is to be used. This work discusses the utilization of non-Fourier heat flux model to investigate thermal performance of tri-hybrid nanoparticles mixture immersed in Carreau Yasuda material past over a Riga plate by using Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota models considering the variable thermos-physical characteristics. The phenomenon presenting the transport of momentum and energy are developed in the form of coupled partial differential equations, which are complex and then transformed into ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate transformation. The transformed equations have been tackled numerically via finite element scheme and the authenticity of obtained solution is shown with the help of comparative analysis of present results with those are available in open literature.

분리도급 건축주의 조정의무

On April 29 2020, a fire broke out at a construction site of a logistics center in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, and unfortunately, as many as 38 people were killed and 10 were injured. The fire report, released to the press a few days later, showed that the cause was the simultaneous dilution of urethane foam and the installation of elevators and ducts, which another builder should not have done together. If the owner separately orders a project to different contractors but fails to coordinate among them, the construction might not smoothly proceed to cause delay, costs and defects, or even to frustrate completion; eventually, (sub-)contractors and their workers could unfortunately suffer life, body, and material damage. Separated contracting has been mentioned so far only as a contract form in contrast to comprehensive(including turnkey) contracting. However, there are few studies on what the legal differences between the two forms of contracting. Among the legal issues unique to separate contracts, the most crucial problem is maybe who is to coordinate works carried out by various contractors. In this article, this problem will be scrutinized with help of comparative analysis of the three countries (Germany, Switzerland, and Austria) representing the (European) continental legal system. These three countries are common in that the owner bears the duty of coordination. In particular, an Austrian act (Bauarbeitenkoordinationsgesetz), enacted in 1999, stipulates the obligation of the owner to coordinate(art. 3, par. 1). On the other hand, Germany and Switzerland have related regulations in their standard contract forms for construction work. Here, the usage of terms is first summarized (II), followed by examination of the contents of foreign reference laws and standard contract forms(III). Based on the discussions of these countries, one after another mentioned are the constructive elements of a separatedly ordered contract(Ⅳ) and the concrete scope of coordination. In Korea, the Act on the Punishment of Severe Disasters was recently entered into force in order to cope with worker’s compensation but it has congenital limits owing to its penal nature. As a conclusion, this study suggests ①that in standard construction contract forms, currently not in any act, ②the principle of owner’s liability for coordination should be declared and ③that necessary implementation measures should be stipulated there in detail for various steps of construction process.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ДИАЛОГА МЕЖДУ ВЛАСТЬЮ И ОБЩЕСТВОМ: ПРОЕКТ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ «ЛИНИЯ ГУБЕРНАТОРА»

The article is devoted to the actual problem of interaction between government and society on regional television. The author traces the technology of organizing a dialogue between an official and the audience through interactive communication methods in the program “Governor’s Line” (GTRK “Don-TR”, 2011-2021). This project was one of the first in the country (and the first in the Rostov region) to provide regular and direct television communication of the chief executive of the regional government with the residents of the subject. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of interaction between the governor, the journalist and the audience in the framework of an interactive television project. The article discusses the effectiveness of interactive communication, differentiates feedback methods by the level of interactivity. Attention is focused on the absence of dependence of the creation of authentic communication on the use of elements of a high level of interactivity. Some aspects of the influence of the types of feedback channels on the effectiveness of the interaction “power-media-society” are considered. The importance of the leading role in building effective communication is investigated. With the help of comparative analysis and systematization of the data obtained, it is concluded that there is a tendency to reduce the interactive set of methods used. The main reasons for the abolition of feedback channels are analyzed, which lie in increased pressure (financial and political) from the authorities, their desire to create an impeccable political image and, as a result, unwillingness to take part in acute social discussions. The idea is substantiated that the reduction of interactive methods leads to the imitation of dialogue and has a destructive effect on the communication “governor-audience”.

Dombi-Normalized Weighted Bonferroni Mean Operators with Novel Multiple-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Sets and Their Application in Decision Making

Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved, neutrosophic sets are attracting more attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets. The ability to account for components that are true, false or neither true nor false is useful in the resolution of real-life problems. However, simultaneous variations render neutrosophic sets unsuitable in specific circumstances. To enable the management of these sorts of issues, we combine the principle of multi-valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets and complex fuzzy sets to develop the principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets. Multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets can contain grades of truth, abstinence, and falsity, and uncertain linguistic terms, which are expressed as complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are limited to the unit interval. Some important Dombi laws are elaborated along with Bonferroni mean operators, which offer a flexible general structure with modifiable factors. Bonferroni means aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics. To determine relationships among any number of attributes, we develop multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic Dombi-normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operators and discuss their important properties with some special cases. By using these laws, we can deploy the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique using the novel principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets. To determine the power and flexibility of the elaborated approach, we resolve some numerical examples based on the proposed operator. Finally, the work is validated with the help of comparative analysis, a discussion of its advantages, and geometric expressions of the elaborated theories.

An Advanced Study on the Bonferroni Mean Operators for Managing Cubic Intuitionistic Complex Fuzzy Soft Settings and Their Applications in Decision Making

The main influence of this analysis is to initiate the fundamental theory of cubic intuitionistic complex fuzzy soft (CICFS) information which is a very informative and effective tool for handling ambiguity and complications in reality. Further, in the consideration of CICFS information, we utilized the important algebraic laws, score value, and accuracy value and try to determine some rules for finding the relation between any CICFS numbers. Moreover, by using the presented information, we diagnosed the CICFS Bonferroni mean (CICFSBM) operator, CICFS weighted Bonferroni mean (CICFSWBM) operator and evaluated their important results, and described their important properties (Idempotency, Monotonicity, and Boundedness). Finally, to evaluate deficiencies with the help of invented operators, we established a MADM (“multi-attribute decision-making”) tool under the availability of CICFSBM, CICFSWBM operators. Finally, we described the supremacy and reliability of the diagnosed work with the help of comparative analysis and also explained their graphical representation to enhance the worth of the established approaches.

Н. С. Педченко, Л. С. Франко ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА ЗАХИСТУ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The purpose of the article is to study the government policy of intellectual property protection as a tool to stimulate the innovative development of the national economy. Research methodology. The achievement of the purpose set in the article is carried out with the help of comparative analysis of the level of intellectual property protection of Ukraine and foreign countries; a retrospective analysis of the Intellectual Property Index of Ukraine. Findings. The article describes the meaning and the main characteristics of the concepts of "intellectual property", "intellectual property rights" and "state policy for the protection of intellectual property". The main tools for the protection of intellectual property are defined: patents, trademarks, trade secrets, author’s law and related rights. The research of modern trends in the protection of intellectual property in the world economy is carried out. Based on the analysis of Ukraine's place in the IP index (research by The U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center) and the IPRI index (Property Rights Alliance research), key gaps in state support for intellectual property protection in Ukraine were identified. Practical value. The results of clustering of the countries across the world according to IP and IPRI indices allowed to outline alternative options for improving the effectiveness of state support for Ukraine in the direction of harmonization of national legislation and procedures for the protection of intellectual property. The need for government support has been determined areas: for the provision of legal and technical assistance to owners of intellectual property rights; creating a favorable environment for the transfer of technologies in the host states; facilitating the resolution of private disputes regarding intellectual property; the development of information technologies for the storage, access and use of valuable information about intellectual property; regulation of effective mechanisms of public administration of the process of implementation of inventions; adoption the European experience in stimulating small and medium-sized enterprises that are innovators The proposed measures will help strengthen government support for the protection of intellectual property in Ukraine, improving the ability of innovators and inventors to protect their innovations.

Walking as a cultural practice of perceiving of the city space through corporeity (based on the work of Michel de Certeau “Walking the City”)

The topicality of the work is determined by the need to expand the theoretical base of the Ukrainian urbanism and the formation of the own problems of cultural studies of urban space.
 The purpose of the article is to comprehend the aspect of corporeity in the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk (based on the work “Walking the City”) as a cultural practice.
 The methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the source base and scientific literature with the help of comparative analysis, semiotic and hermeneutic methods, as well as with the involvement of phenomenological and biographical approaches. Generalization was carried out using the modeling method within the framework of the cultural approach.
 The results. The peculiarities of the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk as a form of attracting the subject of culture to the urban space are revealed. The walk is investigated as a cultural practice of urban space assimilation, realization of active civil position and formation of individuality. It is shown that corporeity acts as a way of interacting the subject of culture with the space of the city. It is shown that the subject’s corporeity combines spatial and semiotic practices of assimilation of urban space. Actions to form a symbolic dimension of the culture of the city are shown as equivalent to the practices of spatial activities of the subject. It is noted that the cultural practice of Michel de Certeau’s walk becomes consonant to the mechanics of forming the image of the city of Kevin Lynch. It is emphasized that the combination of spatial and semiotic practices in the activity of the subject leads to the formation of the cultural space of the city. The cultural practice of walking in Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” is shown as a form of subject integration into the city space. The isolation of the aspect of corporeity made it possible to see the walk as a holistic form of the subject’s activity, which combines spatial actions with practical assimilation of the city together with practices of constructing the image of the city. The formation of the culture of the city, therefore, is determined by the intensity of the subject’s practices in it.
 The scientific novelty. In this study for the first time we have explored the concept of Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” as a cultural practice. Also for the first time the corporeity aspect of the walk as a form of assimilation of the city space by the subject of culture is studied.
 The practical significance. The results of the study can be used in teaching courses on city culture, urban studies, museumification of urban space, corporeity of culture, semiotics of culture. Also scientific achievements can be included into urban projects of modern public spaces of residential areas of Ukrainian cities with the involvement of civil activists and local residents.

Stage Design as a Spatial Environment of the Performance: Definition of the Concept

The article is devoted to the definition of "stage design". On the basis of terminological analysis, the essence of the concept of "stage design" is revealed, its essential features are determined and the connection with other concepts in the context of artistic design of a theatrical production is analyzed. With the help of comparative analysis, common and different features between the concept of "scenography" and "theatrical and decorative art" were revealed. The definition is understood by us as a list of essential features of an object or phenomenon that represent the concept and verbal expression of those specific features that distinguish this concept from related to it. The study found that stage design as a type of design and art activities involves the design, construction and organization of stage space with elements of other types of design, composition and stylistic devices. Its main task is to work with the environment of human life in a conventional play space, to create an artistic image of the play, which will make the viewer an emotional impression, relevant to the issue of staging. In our opinion, the term "stage design" most accurately reflects the state of the essential and conceptual approach to the solution of scenographic design of plays in domestic directing theater, the process of creating a unique visual image due to the synthesis of symbolic means to reveal the author's concept and meaningful content.

The State Administration of the German Colonies of the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

German migration to the Russian state has a long history. Between the sixteenth and the mid-eighteenth centuries, prisoners of war captured during the Livonian War (1558–1583) and persons invited to Russia by the Muscovite grand princes and Russian tsars (Ivan III, Ivan IV, Peter I, etc.) settled in Russia. In the second half of the eighteenth century, the resettlement of Germans became part of the state’s migration policy, which determined the fate of one of the empire’s most numerous ethnic minorities for many decades. This article deals with changes to the administration of German rural settlements in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century. This period was important for the legal status of foreign colonies due to the adoption of the Statute of Colonies of 1857, which provided detailed regulation of the rights and obligations of foreign colonists. One of the tasks of the political, economic, and social reforms of the 1860s–1870s was the unification of the rural population and the elimination of the social exclusivity of foreign colonists. A pragmatic approach regarding the use of colonists for the settlement and rational development of empty territories brought positive results for these regions. The analysis here makes it possible to consider the measures taken by the Russian authorities to streamline the legislation, norms, and rules for the economic, administrative, everyday, and spiritual life of German colonists. With the help of comparative analysis, the authors study changes in state policy towards foreign colonists and the abolition of privileges as a result of the adoption of the law “the supremely approved rules about the management of settler-owners (former colonists)” on 4 June 1871. The study makes it possible to assess the impact of large-scale administrative changes on various spheres of life and activities of the German colonists, a separate category of the Russian Empire’s population.

The Role of Junior Adolescents' School Well-Being/Ill-Being Characteristics in School Anxiety Variations.

Difficulties that junior adolescents (aged 11–13 years old) experience in terms of academic adaptation, which are indicated through school anxiety and academic wellbeing characteristics, often lead to a dramatic decrease in academic performance, behavioral problems, and deterioration of their health. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the structure of characteristics of school wellbeing/ill-being of junior adolescents and their role in variations of school anxiety, which largely define academic adaptation. In this study, based on positive psychology and a systematic approach, the level of distinctiveness of characteristics of school wellbeing is carried out with the help of comparative analysis; the factor structure of these characteristics is identified; the characteristics of wellbeing and their coordinated combinations (factors) are determined as predictors of school anxiety. The sample consisted of 120 students of the 5th–7th grades, aged M = 11.5; SD = 1.04 (49.2% girls, 50.8% boys) who attended Saratov secondary schools. To study the level of school anxiety, we used the Philips’ School Anxiety Scale (SAS), and indicators of school wellbeing were measured with the original scales developed by the authors of the study. Statistical processing of the results was carried out with regression analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the school wellbeing of junior adolescents forms a complex structure that includes cognitive, personal, emotional, social, and psychophysiological characteristics of school life. It was found that from 16% up to 53% of the deviation of variables characterizing school anxiety is conditioned by the assessment of variables characterizing emotional states, the ability of self-regulation, cognitive capabilities, and interest in learning. The study determined a high level of tension in adolescents in the field of emotions’ self-regulation, unpleasant physical sensations at school, before and after attending school, in the course of planning their school day and reflecting on educational activities. The most powerful factors of school anxiety in junior adolescents are physical distress, low ability to self-regulate and social adaptation, lack of independence in a learning activity, and personal immaturity.

Compatibility Features between Athletes-Players with Different Efficiency of Team Activities

The aim of the article is to compare the parameters of compatibility (psychophysiological and socio-psychological) among athletes-players with different efficiency of team activities. Methods. Athletes representing various kinds of sports (football, basketball, etc.) took part in the research. Psychophysiological compatibility was studied using the cinematometric methodology of E.P. Ilyin, the method of diagnosing the temperament of Y. Streliau, and free conversation. The following methodologies were used for measurement of parameters of socio-psychological compatibility of athletes: «Sociometry» modificated by I.P. Volkov; methodology «Attitude to training and competitive activity» by Y.A. Kolomeitsev; methodology «Orientation of Personality» by V. Smekal and M. Kucher modificated by Y.A. Kolomeitsev; methodology «Motives of sports activity» by E.A. Kalinin. The efficiency of sports activities was calculated by the coefficient efficiency of the player presented in the competition statistics. According to the design, the research is a comparative analysis of compatibility parameters of sports team members who differ in their efficiency indicators. Results of the research. With the help of comparative analysis it was found the statistically reliable differences in various samples of athletes, namely: among members of one team who possess identical indicators of inertia – mobility of nerve processes, also their subjective assessments of the game partner and high success rates coincided; athletes with a high sociometric status in the team turned out to be significantly more productive than teammates with a lower status; the general motivation for sports activities is quite expected to be significantly higher in the group of highly productive athletes; at the same time, less productive players are dominated by a focus on themselves; and there are no differences in the severity of focus on interactions in different groups. Conclusions. The empirical data proves that the content of separate components of compatibility (psychophysiological and sociopsychological) differs significantly among players with different success of sports activities. A hypothesis about the indirect nature of the connection between compatibility in the «athlete-athlete» system and the performance of team activities was raised.