Hectares Of Land Research Articles

The Influence of Socio-Economic Facilities and Population Density on Landuse Changes in Gunungpati District, Semarang City

Land use still serves as a guide for urban development decisions, even though they are typically independent. Establishing important corporate hubs has made economic considerations a key driver in determining how the city’s land-use structure will be governed. The study investigates the influence of socio-economic facilities and population density on land use changes in Gunungpati district, Semarang City. The data processing technique used in this study was to make a map of the administrative area of Gunungpati District. The following data processing stage digitizes Gunungpati District images in 2011 and 2019 to determine land use. Then carry out the overlay process on the two land use maps of the Gunungpati District to find out changes in land use in 2011 and 2019. Qualitative data analysis was used in this study. The findings of land change map overlays between 2011 and 2019 were used for qualitative data map analysis. The findings demonstrate that settlements, which account for 2,255 hectares of land in Gunung Pati District, dominate land use, with Pakintelan Village having the highest residential land use. At the same time, the most minor land use is in the service sector, namely as much as 590 Ha. Land use in Gunungpati District in 2019 was dominated by residential land, namely 2,388 Ha, where the highest residential land use was in Sekaran Village, namely 250.76 Ha. The slightest use of land is on service land, which is 442.51 Ha, with the highest use of service land in Sekaran Village, which is 58.24 Ha. The dominant factors influencing changes in land use are the increase in social facilities and population density, which encourage land conversion and make it a more productive resource.

Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Bread Wheat and Teff Technologies: The Case of Urban Agriculture at Akaki Kaliti Sub-City in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The agriculture sector plays a significant role as the primary source of food and income for the farmers in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in three districts of the Akaki Kaliti sub-city of Addis Ababa city in the 2021/22 production year. Urban agriculture is the agricultural production in cities and the areas near cities for food and other purposes. In this demonstration activity, a total of 61 (47 male and 14 female) headed farmers benefited and a total of 14 hectares of bread wheat and 30 hectares of land were covered by teff. From the demonstrated technologies average grain yield of 56.66 qt/ha of bread wheat was produced and mean grain yield of 22.16 qt/ha was obtained from teff which is higher than the national average. Hence, to boost agricultural production the dissemination and adoption of improved crop varieties with full production packages requires the attention of stakeholders engaged in the agricultural sectors to use cluster farming to elevate poverty and ensure food security.

Mound abundance, the livelihood impacts and determinant factors of termites in Meta Robi district, central Ethiopia

This study aimed to assess mound abundance, the livelihood impacts of termites, and determinant factors in the Meta Robi District, Ethiopia. A descriptive research design was used for primary data collection from the three selected kebeles. Termite nests were counted from each Goxi (the sub-kebele and the smallest unit in Ethiopia) using a transect line. In addition, 190 household heads were selected randomly from each kebele, and a questionnaire survey was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Termite nests were abundant in Warabo (7.25.71 per 1000 m2), but scarce in Warke Walensu Kebele (2.25.50 per 1000 m2). Teff (49.5%) and wheat (32.6%) were the most severely affected crops by termites. The mean annual hectare of land and quintals of teff and wheat damaged per household was higher in Warabo Kebele (p < 0.05). The annual economic loss from termites in crops was higher in Warabo (4722.23 ± 869.67 ETB and 4396.43 ± 852.65 ETB from teff and wheat per household, respectively). Agroecology, deforestation, overgrazing, and crop types were the factors that determined termite abundance and its impact on farmers' livelihoods. Mound opening and smoking are the management methods currently used, but no government support exists. Therefore, integrated and effective termite pest management is critical for long-term food security in the study area.

Energi terbarukan: analisis kebijakan pemanfaatan biodisel kelapa sawit sebagai bahan bakar nabati nasional di tengah kontroversinya sebagai faktor pendorong deforestasi

Background: In the midst of the controversy over bioenergy or biofuels as a driving factor for global deforestation, Indonesia is dependent on its palm oil commodities which have been built for years and consume millions of hectares of land. Indonesia's dependence on these commodities to meet domestic and foreign markets is regulated by the biodiesel policy or ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 12 of 2015 concerning the Provision, Utilization and Trading Administration of Vegetable Fuels (Biofuel) as Other Fuels, which states that the use of biodiesel levels in the future will continue to increase, from B20 to B30, then to B40 and so on. However, to be able to meet these policy targets, there is a risk of land clearing. This policy paper discusses what important issues from an economic, social and environmental perspective are related to the development of the palm oil biodiesel industry in Indonesia and what needs to be prioritized in determining future government policy to ensure that sustainable development can be pursued and emission reductions reach targets. Methods: The research method used in this paper is a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis of data collected from literature study. Findings: Apart from that, there are various issues regarding palm oil management, both from a social, economic and environmental perspective, that still need to be addressed, considering that Indonesia is internationally committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030. Conclusion: Overall In short, there are five recommendations for palm oil biodiesel policy for the future, namely: 1. There is a need for clear data that can support policy decision making; 2. Indonesia needs to evaluate fossil fuel subsidy policies from developing countries that have succeeded in developing their renewable energy sectors; 3. There is a need for intensification, technological improvisation and sustainable agricultural practices on existing oil palm plantation land to meet national bioenergy needs; 4. Prioritizing collaboration between sectors in developing the industry; and 5. The government must be firm in determining a consistent future palm oil biodiesel policy so as not to harm many parties.

Exploring the Potential of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Platform for Analysing Forest Disturbance Patterns with Big Data

Climate change has led to various adverse consequences, with natural disasters being one of the most striking outcomes. Natural disasters negatively impact life, causing significant disruptions to the ecosystem. Prompt identification of affected areas and initiation of the rehabilitation process are imperative to address the disturbances in the ecosystem. Satellite imagery is employed for the rapid and cost-effective detection of damages caused by natural disasters. In this conducted study, the outputs of climate change wildfire, forest change detection, and drought analysis, have been examined, all of which worsens the impacts on the ecosystem. The analysis of drought involved using MODIS data, while Sentinel-2A satellite images were utilized to identify wildfire areas and changes in forested regions caused by windthrow. The research focused on Ganja, Azerbaijan, as the area for drought analysis. The driest June between 2005 and 2018 was assessed using the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) in conjunction with data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA). At the Düzce Tatlıdere Forest Management Directorate, the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) was utilized between the years 2018 and 2019 to detect the changes occurring in forested areas due to windthrow. The NDRE synthetic band was added to satellite images for the years 2018 and 2019, and a Random Forest (RF) algorithm was employed to classify the data. The classification results were evaluated using Total Accuracy and Kappa statistics. The study includes the detection of the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) applied to determine the extent of the wildfire that occurred in the Solquca village of the Qabala region in Azerbaijan in 2021. According to the analysis of the VCI and NOAA, June 2014 was identified as the driest month in Ganja. In the Tatlıdere region, the analysis indicated that 4.22 hectares experienced reforestation, while 24 hectares experienced deforestation. The NBR analysis has revealed that ~1007 hectares of land were burned in the Solquca village of Qabala. The analyses conducted provide information regarding the use of satellite imagery in relation to changes in forest areas due to drought, wildfire, and windthrow.

How Does Land Fragmentation Affect Agricultural Technical Efficiency? Based on Mediation Effects Analysis

The scientific revelation of the mechanism underlying land fragmentation’s influence on agricultural technical efficiency is extremely important. This study utilized survey data from 305 villages across 12 provinces in Southern China in 2020 to assess technical efficiency through the application of the stochastic frontier production function. Moreover, we investigated the direct impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency and the indirect impact transmitted through crop diversification and part-time farming by employing Tobit and mediating effect models, respectively. The key findings are as follows: (1) The sampled farmers, on average, operated 0.614 hectares of land with 17.395 plots, and the mean of their technical efficiency was 0.630. (2) The overall effect of land fragmentation on technical efficiency demonstrated a “U”-shaped relationship. (3) Crop diversification and part-time farming were mediating factors in the impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency. Specifically, an “inverted U”-shaped relationship existed between land fragmentation and crop diversification, whereas a negative linear relationship was observed between land fragmentation and part-time farming. Conversely, crop diversification presented a positive linear relationship with technical efficiency, and part-time farming had an “inverted U”-shaped relationship with technical efficiency. (4) The impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency varied across altitude zones. It is recommended to control land fragmentation based on local conditions, encourage crop diversification, and strengthen employment guidance and skills training for farmers to ensure the orderly transfer of land.

Perbandingan Penggunaan 3 Jenis Pipa untuk Sistem Penyediaan Air (Kajian Kasus Kawasan Industri Terpadu Kabupaten Batang)

Batang Regency is one of the areas located on the north west coast of Central Java province. Batang Regency is located in a strategic position, this area is traversed by primary arterial roads that connect West Java and DKI Jakarta with cities in Central Java and East Java Provinces. Batang Regency is divided into 15 sub-districts consisting of 239 villages, 9 sub-districts, 936 hamlets, 3,680 neighborhood units (RT) and 1,009 community units (RW). The total area of Batang Regency is 78,864.16 Ha. The widest sub-district is Subah District, which is 83.52 Ha (10.59%), while the smallest is Warungasem District, which is 23.55 Ha (2.99%) of the total area of Batang Regency. The Central Government's program to encourage the sector to strengthen the industrial sector in Indonesia, namely one of the developments in the Batang industry. The Government provides supporting facilities in the development of the Batang Industrial area through APBN financing. The Batang Industrial Estate has around 4,300 hectares of land to develop, for the first phase it will develop a land area of 450 hectares. To support the supply of drinking water in this area, PERUMDA of Sendang Kamulyan Drinking Water, Batang Regency will supply drinking water which will take water from the raw water source of the Bangkangan spring at 100 liters/second and will be supplied to the Industrial Area at 80 l/s. For the analysis of the drinking water supply system in this industrial area, the Epanet 2.2 program will be used by comparing the hydraulic analysis of the use of HDPE, PVC and iron pipe types/materials, residual pressure and diameter as well as calculating the amount of investment based on the type of pipe material. The results of running Epanet 2.2 on HDPE, Iron and PVC pipes with remaining water pressure at the end of the pipe at the KITB Junction, the remaining pressure is more than 10 meters, meaning that the water has flowed with sufficient criteria in the service area. Based on the analysis taking into account efficiency, the selected pipe is HDPE with an investment value of Rp. 20,273,230,410. The recommendations given for SPAM KITB, can use HDPE pipes, apart from lower costs HDPE pipes have a better roughness coefficient than PVC pipes and iron pipes and can also minimize pipe leaks. Lessons from this study with Epanet Software can calculate water hydraulics in the piping system such as water velocity, the furthest remaining water pressure can be known quickly, can determine the type and specifications of pipes used for the study area and known cost efficiency based on the type of iron, PVC and HDPE pipes.

Effect of Kamal Khan Dam on Afghanistan’s Economy and Environment

Afghanistan is a mountainous country and has about 75 billion cubic meters of fresh water, however, only 67% of its total population has access to drinking water, so the major objective behind constructing Dams is to fulfill the need of people for drinking water and irrigation of crops, which affect the economy of the country and also has effect on the environment directly. Kamal Khan Dam has been built on Helmand river in Chahar Borjak district of Nimroz Province under the consideration of Ab-Gardan (To turn the water flow) and the main objective of this study is to explore the effect of Kamal Khan Dam on the economic, agricultural and environmental aspects of the country. This is a qualitative research, and secondary data has been gathered from various credible and reliable sources to investigate the effect of Kamal Khan Dam on Afghanistan’s Economy and Environment. The results of the study signify that Kamal Khan Dam can generate (9000KW) of electricity per hour, control the water to a maximum level, has the capacity to irrigate 175,000 hectares of land and store 52 million cubic meters of fresh water. The dam is one of the most important projects of the country, which has a great impact on the economic, agricultural and environmental aspects of the country.

Planning of rational use of forest resources in Ukraine based on the improvement of ecosystem services

The study of land conservation methods for forest conservation and restoration is important and relevant from the standpoint of balanced use of natural resources and biodiversity conservation. The purpose of the study was to investigate effective strategies for the exploitation of land with self-forested areas to meet the needs of the agricultural sector of the Zolochiv District of the Lviv Oblast. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis; geographical method; statistical method; cartographic method; geoinformation method. It is worth noting that for the land plot No. 1 within the Buska territorial community of Lviv Oblast, it was recommended to conserve the land, with its subsequent renaturalisation. According to the results of the analysis, it is shown that in 2011 the processes of independent afforestation of agricultural land within the Busk territorial community were insignificant. In 2023, the situation improved, as the area of afforded land increased significantly. To the soils of the land plot No. 2, which was part of the Brody urban community, it was advisable to use conservation and transformation. In the Zolochiv community, 14.2 hectares of land should be rehabilitated, 27.3 hectares should be transformed into pasture, and 3.5 hectares should be alkalised. The paper suggests the introduction of innovative approaches for integrated planning of the use of forest resources: creation of forest farms, development of forest tourism, creation of special forest stands for air filtration, application of bio-refining technology, etc. The findings can be used by local communities to develop and implement a draft of measures for the comprehensive development plan of the territory of the Lviv Oblast to improve forest ecosystem services

THE PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA PRODUCTION IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study examined the profit efficiency of Moringa oleifera production by farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 150 respondents. Multistage sampling procedure was used for selecting respondents. The data were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and stochastic frontier production function. The findings revealed that male predominate moringa enterprise with about 55.3% male, most producers fall between the age bracket 41-50years with a mean age of 44.92 (± 13.168) years and the average farm size is 0.3 hectares whilst indicating that most producers had less than 0.1 hectares of land. Moringa production had a benefit cost ratio of ₦5.852, profit margin of ₦0.182, expense structure ratio of ₦0.107, net return on investment ₦4.857, rate of return of ₦5.482 and profitability ratio of ₦0.981. The average profit efficiency of moringa producers was 18.73% on the profit frontier. Family labour, hired labour and transport cost were significant and had positive coefficient while the seed cost, pesticide cost, level of education and farm size are also significant but bears negative coefficient. The level of education and farm size are amongst the inefficiency variables considered. This study concludes that Moringa oleifera production is highly profitable but producers have not been able to maximize profit efficiency. It therefore recommends that producers improve on adding value to moringa products and extend their channels of distribution considering the cost incurred on transportation.

Creation of Ponitec Allied Limited for Manufacturing of Palm Fruit Products and By-Products

Ponitec Allied Limited is a startup business venture established in 2015 with core in Agriculture. It produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Palk Kernel Oil (PKO) including other associated by-products of Palm trees. One of its competitive advantage across the industry centers on manufacturing hygienic high quality products and the Activated Carbon Charcoal. The company operates in line with global standard through the use of latest machines, hygienic processing environment, cutting edge storage facilities and proper fruits handling. With ownership of about 136 hectares of land for plantation with 10 tonne factory, it has the capacity to produce 10 tonne of product per day. Some of its major customers cut across food refining companies, non-food industries plus wholesalers and retailers. The company competes with big players like; Okomu and Presco, Dufil Prima, Ibiae Oil Palm amongst others. Business revenue projection for a period of five years showed ₦186,212,500 in first year, ₦ 223,455.000 in second year; ₦246,249,500 for the third year; ₦ 420,651,000 in fourth year and ₦ 523,711,000 in the fifth year. The risk predominant with the business beckon on factors as; unstable exchange rate, theft, pest outbreak and reputational risk of quality.

Bushfire-smoke trigger hospital admissions with cerebrovascular diseases: Evidence from 2019-20 bushfire in Australia.

Exposure to ambient air pollution is strongly associated with increased cerebrovascular diseases. The 2019-20 bushfire season in Australia burnt 5.4 million hectares of land in New South Wales alone, with smoke so severe it affected cities in Argentina, 11,000 km away. The smoke emitted by bushfires consists of both gaseous and particle components. It is important to note that exposure to particulate matter has been shown to be linked to a heightened risk of stroke, which is the primary kind of cerebrovascular illness, as well as an increased likelihood of hospitalisations and mortality. However, the available data is inadequate in terms of documenting the response of patients diagnosed with a proven cerebrovascular illness to bushfire smoke. Additionally, there is a lack of information about the health effects associated with particulate matter throughout the bushfire season and on days when smoke was present in 2019 and 2020.Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of (i) short-term air pollution triggered by bushfires and (ii) high smoke days in increasing the daily number of hospital admissions with cerebrovascular diseases. Hospitalisation data were accessed from the admitted patient dataset from seven local Government areas of Hunter New England Local Health District. The bushfire period was defined from 1 October 2019 to 10 February 2020, and a same period from 2018-19 as the control. High bushfire smoke days were days when the average daily concentration of particulate matter was higher than the 95th percentile of the control period. Poisson regression models and fixed effect meta-analysis were used to analyse the data. In total, 275 patients with cerebrovascular admissions were identified, with 147 (53.5%) during the bushfire (2019-20) and 128 (46.5%) in the control period (2018-19). There was no significant increase in daily admissions for cerebrovascular disease (Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.81-1.34; p-value: 0.73), acute stroke (IRR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.88-1.50; p-value: 0.29) or acute ischaemic stroke (IRR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.87-1.59; p-value: 0.28), over the entire bushfire period. However, the high bushfire smoke days were associated with increased acute ischaemic stroke-related hospital admissions across lead 0-3 and the highest cumulative effect was observed with lead 0 (IRR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.01-2.29; p-value: 0.04). In addition, during the bushfire period, particulate matter, both PM10 and PM2.5 (defined as particulates that have an effective aerodynamic diameter of 10, and 2.5 microns, respectively), were also associated with increased acute ischaemic stroke admissions with a lag of 0-3 days. The results suggested a possible association between particulate matter and high smoke days with increased hospital admissions due to acute ischaemic stroke during the recent Australian bushfire season.

Analisis Penguasaan Lahan Petani Sawah Urban dan Keberlanjutan Pertanian Secara Ekologi

Land tenure for farmers is very urgent because land is one of the natural resources that is a place to do farming. Without farming land, it isn't easy to carry out. Recently, land tenure for farmers has decreased, and some farmers even have almost no land to work on. One of the components of farmers experiencing a land crisis is farmers living in urban areas, especially those living on the city's outskirts. This study aims to analyze land tenure institutions for urban farmers and the ecological sustainability of agriculture in the Bangkala sub-district, Manggala sub-district, Makassar City. This research lasted for three months, from June 2021 to August 2021. This study used 21 rice field farmers as informants, determined by the snowball method. How does one urban farmer know as a paddy rice manager? So far, he knows enough other urban farmers. They provide information on other farmers who can provide data, and so on, until the researcher gets information on 21 people. This method is used because urban farmers are hard to find. The data is in the form of primary data obtained through saturated or in-depth interviews, namely obtaining the same or repeated answers from informants using interview sheets. In contrast, secondary data is obtained through available documents to support this research, and the data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the total land tenure by farmers was 18.13 hectares, all of whom were cultivators with a land tenure system through leasing or sakap. On average, per farmer only controls 0.86 hectares of land per person. The control of paddy fields is getting narrower. Based on this condition, land tenure by urban farmers in Bangkala Village, Manggala District, cannot be expected to support ecologically sustainable agriculture.

Valorization of Food Waste into Single-Cell Protein: An Innovative Technological Strategy for Sustainable Protein Production.

The rapidly increasing population and climate change pose a great threat to our current food systems. Moreover, the high usage of animal-based and plant-based protein has its drawbacks, as these nutritional sources require many hectares of land and water, are affected by seasonal variations, are costly, and contribute to environmental pollution. Single-cell proteins (SCPs) are gaining a lot of research interest due to their remarkable properties, such as their high protein content that is comparable with other protein sources; low requirements for land and water; low carbon footprint; and short production period. This review explores the use of food waste as a sustainable feedstock for the advancement of SCP processes. It discusses SCP studies that exploit food waste as a substrate, alongside the biocatalysts (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae) that are used. The operational setpoint conditions governing SCP yields and SCP fermentation routes are elucidated as well. This review also demonstrates how the biorefinery concept is implemented in the literature to improve the economic potential of "waste-to-protein" innovations, as this leads to the establishment of multiproduct value chains. A short section that discusses the South African SCP scenario is also included. The technical and economic hurdles facing second-generation SCP processes are also discussed, together with future perspectives. Therefore, SCP technologies could play a crucial role in the acceleration of a "sustainable protein market", and in tackling the global hunger crisis.

Evaluation of a WSM system for a smart system in agricultural systems

On the earth, there will likely be over 9 billion people, and food demand will rise by 50%. In addition, a 10% decrease in agricultural productivity may result from climate change. Because arable land is stable, multi-layered farms are a feasible approach to produce additional food from small regions. Utilizing intelligent technologies to boost production in these farms that mimic factories makes sense. Smart farming (SF) is the application of information and communication technology on equipment; it includes sensors and equipment used in agricultural production systems. Internet of things and cloud computing are recent innovations. This, together with the use of robots and artificial intelligence in agriculture, ought to spur growth. Wheat, barley, fruits, vegetables, and fodder are the most widely consumed agricultural goods. Agriculture's socioeconomic viability is weather-dependent. By choosing the right crops, a farmer can increase productivity and do it at a lower cost. based on the cost and natural resources available A multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) can be used to sort crop options, promote sustainable agriculture practises, and identify the optimal crop for the situation. When evaluating the quantity of food produced in a season, a vertical farm's indoor hectare can provide the same yield as 30 hectares of land using 70% less water and no pesticides. One of the key factors impacting the evolution of SF among the numerous systems available was demonstrated to be cohesion. Additional limitations include the education, skills, and ability of farmers to understand and operate SF instruments. Businesses were able to research and address these problems because to these limits, and science can help. India's use of basic for sustainable farming methods The model's development is the main focus of the study. Using MCDM methods, the best crop was identified, followed by soybean, apple, rice, corn, and cucumber. Fruits also become a crop with a high yield. Such a method is applicable to other places and can be expanded to include different crops for sustainable agricultural operations. The Ministry of Environment and Agriculture in India expects help from the study to build an acceptable agricultural policy. Soybean is in 1st rank and Rice is last rank.

The contribution of private land conservation to 30x30 in Germany

In line with Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the European Union (EU) aims to protect 30% of its land and sea by 2030 (known as 30x30). Germany has been a vocal supporter of this goal in the international arena but has yet to achieve sufficient protected area coverage domestically. We estimate that Germany needs to report an additional 4.65 million hectares of protected land to achieve 30x30. This article examines the potential of privately protected areas (PPAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) to contribute to this goal. We explore the German Federal Nature Conservation Act and identify the legal hurdles for the designation and recognition of PPAs. Furthermore, we argue that OECMs have the potential to contribute significantly to 30x30 in Germany. We estimate that close to one million hectares of land could be classified as OECMs and outline potentially qualifying sites. In conclusion, we discuss the prerequisites for upscaling private land conservation in Germany, focusing on required conditions for establishing OECMs and incentivising conservation easements and long-term conservation leases through national funding programmes.

МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ

The article examines the peculiarities of the mechanism of state regulation of land use processes. Groups of social, ecological and economic aspects have been studied. It is emphasized that the regulation of economic processes of land use is impossible without reliable information about the qualitative characteristics of each specific plot, its economic and biological fertility, because ignoring or incorrect assessment of its potential can negate the results of planning, which is one of the main functions of management.&#x0D; By the economic aspects of land use, we primarily understand transferability as a property of a land plot, expressed in its ability to be freely alienated or transferred from one person to another in the order of universal legal succession or in another way; forms of ownership and management characterizing legal issues of land use, as well as organizational and technological conditions of agricultural production; the value of land resources as a measure of materialized labor necessary to support sustainable and effective development of agricultural production.&#x0D; Selected aspects of land use regulation formed the basis of the structural diagram of the mechanism of state regulation of land use processes presented by us and allow not only to clarify its content, but also directly determine its structure.&#x0D; It was determined that in the conditions of market relations, an important place in the system of state regulation of land use began to be assigned to the cadastral assessment of land plots. The content of the use of the land resource potential of the territorial formation is given.&#x0D; In the regulation structure, special attention should be paid to the issue of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of land resources and the resulting need for further development of the methodological base for the assessment of land use.&#x0D; The key link in the process of state regulation should be the evaluation of the efficiency of land use, which is based on a system of quantitative parameters for the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of land resources.&#x0D; Land owners are mainly municipal authorities, enterprises (legal entities), citizens (individuals) or their associations (cooperatives, commercial firms, etc.).&#x0D; The denationalization of land ownership and the introduction of private land ownership on this basis, the privatization of land, the introduction of paid land use fundamentally changed the structure and content of land relations in the conditions of village land use, changed the structure, content and principles of planning land resource formations.&#x0D; The effective organization of state regulation of economic processes of land use has a significant impact on the process of creating the necessary organizational, territorial, legal and social conditions for full involvement in turnover, increasing the return of each hectare of land while preserving or reproducing soil fertility.

Spatially-temporal distribution of moisture content and dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions from upper soil horizons in floodplain fallow lands of Bashmakovsky district of Penza oblast

There are more than 1’300 thousand hectares of fallow lands potentially suitable for agricultural producers in the Penza region of Russia, which is 31% of the region total area. More than 300000 hectares of land have been abandoned for more than 20 years, and territory already became forest. Additionally soils under young forests – actively sequester carbon dioxide in soil. How much it makes sense to raise fallow land in terms of climate change and which areas produce the most carbon dioxide from the soil is a research question of great interest. In addition to vegetation, factors such as soil moisture and temperature influence the carbon dioxide emission from soil. As a result, the greenhouse gas fluxes monitoring, we can conclude that forest areas and natural ecosystems mostly deposit carbon dioxide, as the amount of available carbon increases due to a greater increase in biomass. Areas that are used in agriculture produce more nitrous oxide and methane, but less carbon dioxide, which is associated with the specifics of fertilization.

Land Conversion for Oil Refinery Plant Area in Jenu District, Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia

This article examines the construction of the Tuban-based oil refinery plant that processes crude oil into petroleum products as raw materials for fuel oil and the petrochemical industry. In 2015, the plan was to build an oil refinery in Tuban Regency, specifically in Jenu District. The land in Jenu District was chosen because it requires approximately 840 hectares of land. The construction of an oil refinery in Tuban is one of the list of national strategic projects. The regulations are contained in Presidential Regulation Number 3 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of Implementation of National Strategic Projects. In 2016 the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources gave the mandate to manage this project to Pertamina. The need for a large area of land prompted Pertamina to submit an application to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry for obtaining 328 hectares of state lands. The area is strategic because it is close to the existing fuel installation supporting facilities. The conversion of land for the construction and development of an oil refinery in Jenu District, Tuban Regency, caused environmental damage and gave rise to social problems.

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN BITTER MELON PLANTS USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) MODEL IN TANAH LAUT DISTRICT

Farm technical efficiency involves maximizing output while minimizing input costs. In Tanah Laut Regency, bitter melon production fluctuates annually due to climatic factors and inefficient input use. On average, farmers use 0.47 hectares of land, 166 grams/ha of seeds, 2,659 kg/ha of organic fertilizer, 208 kg/ha of inorganic fertilizer, 7.08 liters/ha of liquid pesticides, 7.24 kg/ha of solid pesticides, and 339 HKSP of labor. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicates that farmers are technically inefficient, with average technical efficiencies of 80.8% (CRS-DEA), 89.9% (VRS-DEA), and 89.8% (SE-DEA). Among the farmers, 32% operate under increasing returns to scale (IRS), 26% under constant returns to scale (CRS), and 42% under decreasing returns to scale (DRS). A logit regression model reveals that education level, farming experience, and number of family members significantly impact technical efficiency, while age, land ownership status, and off-farm income do not. To enhance efficiency, farmers should reduce input use by emulating the practices of their more efficient peers.