Hectares Of Crops Research Articles

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS GRAIN CROPS

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS GRAIN CROPS

Productivity of soybean varieties of different maturity groups depending on plant density under drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine

Soybeans are a leading leguminous crop for universal use, therefore, measures aimed at increasing their productivity, including the reasonable selection of varietal resources and optimisation of planting density, will make a significant contribution to the creation of sustainable food production systems. The research aims to determine the effect of plant density on the productivity of soybean varieties of different maturity groups. Field laboratory and statistical (correlation and regression analysis) methods were used in the study. The field experiments were conducted during 2018-2020 on dark chestnut soil of a private agricultural enterprise of the agricultural company “Syvash” in Novotroitsk district of Kherson region. Its maximum values for the cultivation of early ripening varieties were ensured by a plant density of 700 thousand/ha, medium early varieties – 500-700 thousand/ha, and medium ripening varieties – 500 thousand/ha. A strong and very strong correlation between yield and soybean yield index was established. Increasing the length of the growing season contributed to the growth of yields. In the group of early maturing soybean varieties, the Monarch variety was determined to be the most productive. There was no significant difference in the level of yield of varieties within other maturity groups. For each variety, the optimum planting density was determined, at which the maximum grain yield was formed. Longer vegetation contributed to a greater accumulation of protein and fat in the grain. In terms of protein content, the difference between varieties of the same maturity group did not exceed 0.2%, but varieties differed in terms of conditional protein yield per hectare of crops. There was no difference in the fat content of mid-season soybean varieties. Among the early-ripening varieties, the Monarch variety was distinguished by higher oil content, and among the mediumearly varieties – by Aratta. The maximum conditional fat yield per hectare of crops was also determined for these varieties. A very strong and strong correlation was found between soybean grain yield and protein and fat content, respectively. A very strong correlation was also found between the protein and fat content of the grain. To ensure sustainable production and efficient use of soybeans and soybean by-products, it is advisable to take the results of the study into account in production conditions

INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS IN THE NORTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF THE MYKOLAIV REGION

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of productivity formation of soybean varieties of different maturity groups (Annushka - ultra early; Mavka - early ripening; Smuglyanka - mid-ripening), when grown in the Northern Steppe of Mykolaiv region at different plant density (400, 500, 600 and 700 thousand plants per hectare of crop). According to the results of our research, on average for 2020-2021, we found that the biometric parameters of the plants of the studied soybean varieties ranged from 80.8 to 116.1 cm and had an average height of 93.8 cm. The maximum height (104.9 - 116.1 cm) was observed in plants of Smuglyanka variety, and it was found that the highest index was obtained when applying the maximum value of planting density of 700 thousand units/ha. A similar situation was observed for the height of the lower bean on the plant, but it is more due to the biological characteristics of the variety. The thickening of soybean crops affected the reduction of all indicators of the elements of the yield structure. The highest yield of the studied soybean varieties of different maturity groups (2.95 t/ha) was obtained in the variant where the Smuglyanka variety was sown at a plant density of 500 thousand plants per hectare.

Crop Cultivation Efficiency and GHG Emission: SBM-DEA Model with Undesirable Output Approach

Crop production relies on the use of natural resources and is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The present study uses survey data from 250 Polish farms to investigate the eco-efficiency of three main crops: winter wheat, winter triticale, and winter oilseed rape. First, the slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) model with undesirable output (GHG emissions) was applied. In the next step, the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used to explain the efficiency scores. The calculated GHG emissions per hectare of crop were 1.9 tCO2e, 3.2 tCO2e, and 4.3 tCO2e for winter triticale, wheat, and oilseed rape, respectively. Fully efficient farms used significantly less fertilizer (13.6–29.3%) and fuel (16.6–25.3%) while achieving higher yields (14.4–23.2%) and lower GHG emissions per hectare (10.8–17.7%). In practice, this means that efficient farms had a 20–32% lower carbon footprint per kilogram of yield than inefficient farms, depending on the crop. It was also shown that increasing the size of the cultivated area contributed to improving efficiency scores, while no conclusive evidence was found for an influence of economic size or farm type on their performance. Weather conditions had a significant impact on the efficiency score. In general, higher temperatures and precipitation in spring had a positive effect on efficiency, while an opposite relationship was observed in summer.

Glyphosate Separating and Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Protection in the Era of Smart Materials.

The present article critically and comprehensively reviews the most recent reports on smart sensors for determining glyphosate (GLP), an active agent of GLP-based herbicides (GBHs) traditionally used in agriculture over the past decades. Commercialized in 1974, GBHs have now reached 350 million hectares of crops in over 140 countries with an annual turnover of 11 billion USD worldwide. However, rolling exploitation of GLP and GBHs in the last decades has led to environmental pollution, animal intoxication, bacterial resistance, and sustained occupational exposure of the herbicide of farm and companies' workers. Intoxication with these herbicides dysregulates the microbiome-gut-brain axis, cholinergic neurotransmission, and endocrine system, causing paralytic ileus, hyperkalemia, oliguria, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. Precision agriculture, i.e., an (information technology)-enhanced approach to crop management, including a site-specific determination of agrochemicals, derives from the benefits of smart materials (SMs), data science, and nanosensors. Those typically feature fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers or immunochemical aptamer artificial receptors integrated with electrochemical transducers. Fabricated as portable or wearable lab-on-chips, smartphones, and soft robotics and connected with SM-based devices that provide machine learning algorithms and online databases, they integrate, process, analyze, and interpret massive amounts of spatiotemporal data in a user-friendly and decision-making manner. Exploited for the ultrasensitive determination of toxins, including GLP, they will become practical tools in farmlands and point-of-care testing. Expectedly, smart sensors can be used for personalized diagnostics, real-time water, food, soil, and air quality monitoring, site-specific herbicide management, and crop control.

Real-Time Detection of Bud Degeneration in Oil Palms Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

This paper presents a novel methodology for the early detection of oil palm bud degeneration based on computer vision. The proposed system uses the YOLO algorithm to detect diseased plants within the bud by analyzing images captured by a drone within the crop. Our system uses a drone equipped with a Jetson Nano embedded system to obtain complete images of crops with a 75% reduction in time and with 40% more accuracy compared to the traditional method. As a result, our system achieves a precision of 92% and a recall of 96%, indicating a high detection rate and a low false-positive rate. In real-time detection, the system is able to effectively detect diseased plants by monitoring an entire hectare of crops in 25 min. The system is also able to detect diseased plants other than those it was trained on with 43% precision. These results suggest that our methodology provides an effective and reliable means of early detection of bud degeneration in oil palm crops, which can prevent the spread of pests and improve crop production.

A state-of-the-art of phytoremediation approach for sustainable management of heavy metals recovery

Phytoremediation is deemed as an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative which utilizes different types of hyperaccumulator plants known as macrophytes for the removal of heavy metal pollutants from water through different mechanisms including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization and phytostabilization. The phytoremediation efficiency is affected by several key factors such as plant species (floating, emergent and submerged), surrounding climate (temperature of about 27 °C with sufficient sunlight and water) and environmental conditions (appropriate amount of sodium chloride, nutrients and chelating agents at pH of 5 to 6). The main problem of phytoremediation is the potential secondary pollution due to the re-released of absorbed contaminants by plants which requires utmost attention. The post-treatment disposal and handling methods of post-phytoremediation plants are reviewed extensively. Heat treatment method is able to produce valuable biochemicals at high temperatures range from 160 to 1600 °C. Extraction treatment can extract up to 99 % of heavy metals, while composting requires relatively low energy usage. Synthesis of nanomaterials from phytoremediated plants reduce the usage of hazardous chemicals but hard to be upscaled. Meanwhile, phytomining is economically feasible (saving of up to $8,710 per hectare of crops) but restricted to certain heavy metal treatment. The major hurdle remains in the capability of these methods to achieve great balance between economic viability and environmental impacts. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this paper is to provide the technical assessment and perspective views in optimizing the phytoremediation performance as well as addressing the underlaying issues corresponded to the available post-phytoremediation treatment disposal and handling methods in order to amplify the commercial value of phytoremediation process as a whole.

Statistical analysis and modeling of factors of resource potential of agricultural development in the region

In modern realities, the issue of effective use of the existing resource potential of the regions is acute, the solution of which directly affects the effectiveness of the functioning of industrial complexes of both individual territories and the country as a whole. Agriculture consists of a system of interconnected industries that produce various types of agricultural products, ensuring the food security of the state and the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the work was to analyze the resource potential of regional agriculture and identify a set of relevant factors (based on processing the flow of statistical data) on the example of the Orenburg region. The economic and statistical apparatus using the Statistica software package was used as a tool for carrying out correlation and regression analysis and building models. The article analyzes various interpretations of the concept of "potential". The components of the resource potential are considered and the factors characterizing them are ordered. A comparison of a number of indicators of agricultural production (the volume of agricultural production in millions of rubles, the size of the acreage of crops, the volume of gross harvest of grain and potatoes, the number of cattle and pigs) by regions of the Volga Federal District is given. The leading subjects of the district have been identified, among them the Orenburg Region, on the materials of which methods of correlation and regression analysis have been implemented and a set of models has been built. As an example, an econometric model of the impact on the volume of agricultural products of a number of factors (characterizing the resource potential of the region) is given, including the area of agricultural land, the average annual number of agricultural workers, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers per hectare of crops, the cost of fixed assets by type of economic activity, the volume of investments in fixed capital of agriculture farms. The analysis of the variables included in the model is carried out. Taking into account the identified factors, a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of agricultural production in the region is formulated.

The effectiveness of biologization in the cultivation of crops

The article presents data from field studies of the use of biological products and fertilizers with microelements in the cultivation of four crops: winter wheat, sunflower, grain corn, soybeans. Schemes for the introduction of drugs, indicators of the comparative economic efficiency of their use are presented. The results of the conducted studies have proved the effectiveness of the use of biological products and fertilizers with trace elements. For all crops, there was an increase in yields: winter wheat - by 1.2%, sunflower - by 7.5%, corn for grain - by 7.8%, soybeans - by 13.6%. The increase in profit from each hectare of crops was: for winter wheat - by 8.7%, sunflower - by 9.2%, corn for grain - by 6.9%, soybeans - by 17.9%.

Methanol and wet ethanol as interchangeable fuels for internal combustion engines: LCA, TEA, and experimental comparison

The future of the transportation sector is currently in flux as the world moves to reduce fossil fuel usage. Alternative fuels can have a faster technological ramp rate than alternative powertrains and therefore can help reduce fossil fuel usage rapidly, stretching out the carbon budget to allow more time for other technologies to mature. One set of renewable fuels that show great potential for internal combustion engines are the alcohol fuels. Separately, methanol can be produced as a low carbon intensity electro-fuel and ethanol can be produced as a low carbon intensity biofuel; however, the two fuels can be produced together synergistically. In a fully renewable scenario, conventional ethanol production can be combined with gas fermentation and CO2-to-hydrocarbon catalysis to co-produce ethanol and methanol with competitive pricing compared to the current cost of gasoline. In this work, a detailed lifecycle and technoeconomic analysis showed that by combining corn wet ethanol 80 (80% ethanol, 20% water, by mass) with corn stover gas fermentation wet ethanol 80 and fermentation CO2-to-methanol, a 113% increase in alcohol fuel energy production per hectare of crop can be achieved compared to corn ethanol. This process would co-produce wet ethanol 80 and methanol with a 77%/23% energy split. The total carbon intensity and cost is 14 gCO2e/MJ and $2.63/gallon of gasoline equivalent, respectively.The similar liquid and chemical properties of ethanol and methanol result in their similar behavior and performance in internal combustion engines. This work experimentally demonstrates the interchangeability between these two high cooling potential alcohol fuels in compression ignition. The results show that in compression ignition, a hybrid injection strategy including premixed, partially-premixed, and mixing-controlled injections produced the lowest engine-out NOx and the highest fuel conversion efficiencies compared to a conventional mixing-controlled injection strategy. The diluent effect of the water in wet ethanol 80 resulted in slightly lower engine-out NOx levels and fuel conversion efficiency compared to methanol.

An investment toward non-lethal crop protection measures for a threatened species in New South Wales: the Flying-fox Netting Subsidy Program

ABSTRACT Flying-fox depredation of cultivated fruit in eastern Australia has been contentious since early settlement and was often addressed by shooting flying-foxes. However, shooting is ineffective as a crop protection measure and has serious animal welfare impacts. Exclusion netting is considered the most reliable and humane method of protecting commercial crops from flying-foxes and other animals. From 2011 to 2017, the New South Wales (NSW) Government implemented the Flying-fox Netting Subsidy Program to subsidise fruit growers’ costs of installing exclusion netting on orchards, accompanied by the gradual phase out of legal shooting of flying-foxes in NSW. The AUD$7.1 million scheme was designed to fund up to 50 percent of the cost of purchasing and installing exclusion netting, capped at AUD$20,000 per hectare. The subsidy program was initially funded for AUD$5 million and restricted to full-canopy exclusion netting for orchards situated in the Sydney Basin and Central Coast but later expanded to the remainder of NSW and also expanded to subsidise throw-over netting and upgrades of non-complaint netting, with an additional investment of AUD$2.1 million. As a result, subsidies achieved netting of 182 hectares of crops in the Sydney Basin and Central Coast and 503 hectares in the remainder of NSW. The number of shooting licences granted by the NSW Government in growing seasons following the subsidy program were substantially lower than previous growing seasons and flying-foxes were reported shot at a lower rate following the subsidy program compared to previous growing seasons. These patterns suggest fruit growers’ diminishing reliance on using shooting as a crop protection measure in the years leading up to the NSW Government phasing out legal shooting of flying-foxes in June 2021.

Spatiotemporal Variations in Meteorological Disasters and Vulnerability in China During 2001–2020

Based on the Yearbook of Meteorological Disasters in China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in major meteorological disaster (MD) losses at the provincial scale during 2001–2020 to determine the spatiotemporal variations in MDs and vulnerability in China. Our results suggest that the impacts of MDs, including floods, droughts, hail and strong winds (HSs), low temperature and frosts (LTFs), and typhoons, have been substantial in China. MDs in China affect an average of 316.3 million people and 34.3 million hectares of crops each year, causing 1,739 deaths and costing 372.3 billion yuan in direct economic losses (DELs). Floods and droughts affected more of the population in China than the other MDs. Fatalities and DELs were mainly caused by floods, and the affected crop area was mainly impacted by drought. The national average MD losses decreased significantly, except for DELs. The trends in the affected population and crop area were mainly caused by droughts, and the trends in fatalities and DELs were dominated by floods. Floods and typhoons showed increasing influence in the last two decades relative to other disasters. The annual mean and long-term trends in MD losses exhibited regional heterogeneity and were subject to different dominant hazards in different regions. The disaster losses and their trends in southeastern China were mainly attributed to typhoons. The affected population, crop area, and DELs were all significantly and positively correlated with exposure. The vulnerability of the population, crops, and economy tended to decrease. Economic development reduced the vulnerability of the population and economy but showed no significant influence on the vulnerability of crops. Our findings suggest that more focus should be placed on the impacts of floods and typhoons and that socioeconomic development has an important influence on the vulnerability of the population and economy. These results provide a foundation for designing effective disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

МОГАР В ПОЖНИВНОМ ПОСЕВЕ НА ЧЕРНОЗЕМЕ ОБЫКНОВЕННОМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЗОНЫ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

The research was carried out to study the possibility of cultivating mohar as the 4th crop in the 3-field link of crop rotation in afterharvest sowing on dry land in the zone of insufficient moisture in Krasnodar Kray. The work was carried out in 2015-2017. The experimental scheme provided for the determination of the aftereffect of various methods of basic tillage for the predecessor (winter wheat): plowing by 22 ... 24 cm, superficial plowing by 6 ... 8 cm and zero. The soil is ordinary chernozem. In 2015, during the growing season of the crop (July – October), 101% of precipitation fell out of the average annual amount (82.5 mm); - 97 and 105%, respectively. The hydrothermal coefficient over the years in July ranged from 0.87 to 2.00; in August - from 0.65 to 0.23; in September - from 0.03 to 3.56, with its average annual values of 1.45; 0.51; 1.38 respectively. After harvesting wheat, the soil was twice cultivated to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm and rolled, which made it possible to preserve up to 16 mm of productive moisture in a layer of 0 ... 20 cm. The studied methods of the main tillage for winter wheat did not have a significant effect on the yield of mohar, which amounted to 0.50 tons per hectare of grain and 1.75 tons per hectare of hay (840 fodder units per hectare). At the same time, 3.30 tons per hectare of crop and root residues were additionally supplied to the soil. The stubble sowing of mohar provided 4.2 thousand rubles per hectare of conditional net income

Cultivar bajo las bombas: La agricultura urbana y periurbana en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939

Urban agriculture is key when food security is threatened, as in the cases of wars, which disrupt food production, conservation, transportation, and distribution systems. During the two World Wars of the 20th century, governments mobilized civilians to participate in food production and to increase morale by contributing to the war effort from the rearguard. Unlike these cases, food production in Spanish cities during the civil war of 1936-1939 has received little attention. Using documentation from different public and private archives, press clips, and personal testimonies, this article explores the socio-environmental history of agricultural production in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War. On the one hand, we analysed the collectivization of agriculture in the municipality of Barcelona, carried out by the Colectividad Agrícola de Barcelona y su Radio (CNT), involving at its peak some 3,500 workers managing 850 hectares of crops. On the other hand, this Collective coexisted with an expansion of home gardens for self-consumption in the city as food supplies became scarcer. Both initiatives contributed to maintaining a precarious food supply until the occupation of the city by Franco's troops in January 1939.

Industrial - agricultural symbiosis model for cassava starch production factory in Tay Ninh province

This study aims to propose an industrial-agricultural symbiosis model that applies the closed sloop eco-technical solutions for cassava starch production towards sustainable development. This study applies the AHP method to analyze nine alternatives and determines the best one based on 17 specific criteria for the typical cassava starch production plant in Tay Ninh province. The chosen model has 12 losed sloop solutions and can save about 40% groundwater, hundreds of cubic metre of water for irrigation in agriculture (to meet hundreds of hectares of crops), limit the lack of water in the dry season and water regulation from the Dau Tieng lake and reduce from 19-73% emissions from traffic,... Wastewater after Biogas is diluted in proportion for cassava is 28l wastewater/49l of clean water and the rubber tree is 8,5l of wastewater/7l of clean water and sugar-apple is 20l wastewater/20l of clean water wasto spray as a natural leaf fertilizer, limiting the use of NPK chemical fertilizers. Some indicators of wastewater after treatment show that it is suitable for use as fertilizer but suitable for nutrient development in the soil and increase nitrogen for plant development, reducing the cost of using stimulating fertilizers. In addition, production wastewater with high cyanide levels is also considered to dilute according to certain proportions as natural insecticidal drugs. These results show that industrial-agricultural symbiosis model bring great enviromental benifits for cassava starch industry and can be replicated in the future.

Complementing assisted pollination with artificial pollination in oil palm crops planted with interspecific hybrids O × G (Elaeis guineensis × Elaeis oleifera): Is it profitable?

A total of 70 000 hectares have been dedicated to the cultivation of the interspecific hybrid O × G in Colombia as of 2020. There was a need to introduce what is known as “assisted pollination” for these O × G crops. In 2018, the Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma) released artificial pollination, which consists of applying naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as a complement to assisted pollination, with the goal of promoting the formation of oil in parthenocarpic fruits. Given the recent introduction of artificial pollination, a research study was proposed with the objective of analyzing the cost-benefit relationship from introducing artificial pollination, both during the cultivation and oil extraction stages. From a methodological point of view, the costs per unit were estimated based on the outcome from plantations in the Colombian Urabá region using two different treatments: the first consists of carrying out assisted pollination during anthesis (applying E. guineensis pollen when the flowers are receptive); the second consists of complementing assisted pollination with NAA application at 7 and 14 days after anthesis. The results indicate that the use of NAA increases net income by 7.7% per hectare of crop. Furthermore, the production costs of a metric ton of palm oil decreases by −9% mainly due to the increase in the oil extraction rate.

A Review Of The Research On Emergency Logistics Of Tropical Cyclone Disasters In Guangxi

It is found that Guangxi is affected by many tropical cyclones (generally referred to as typhoons in China) every year. According to the statistics of typhoons that entered the inland of Guangxi from 1970 to 2013, 89 typhoons entered Guangxi in 44 years, with an average of 2 typhoons per year (Jing Li, Liyan Qi, 2015). And these tropical cyclone disasters have caused a large number of casualties and economic losses in Guangxi. Typhoon No. 0606 "Prapiroon" entered Guangxi from Yulin city, causing 74 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi to suffer disasters, affecting 5.76 million people, killing 34 people and causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan (Jing Li, et al., 2007). In addition, according to the report of Guangxi Civil Affairs Department, super typhoon No. 1409 "Rammasun" landed in Fangchenggang area of Beibu Gulf, causing 4.3211 million people in 11 cities and 57 counties (cities and districts) including Beihai and Fangchenggang to suffer disaster, affecting 1.456 million hectares of crops, 8,527 farmhouses collapsed, and the direct economic losses reached 13.84 billion yuan. Moreover, the number and intensity of tropical cyclone that caused serious damage to Guangxi increased gradually. Keywords: Emergency Logistics, Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Emergency Supplies Requirements, Emergency Supplies Dispatching, Guangxi

Building an Awareness Model of Emergency Supplies Dispatching for Tropical Cyclone Disasters in Guangxi

It is found that Guangxi is affected by many tropical cyclones (generally referred to as typhoons in China) every year. According to the statistics of typhoons that entered the inland of Guangxi from 1970 to 2013, 89 typhoons entered Guangxi in 44 years, with an average of 2 typhoons per year (Jing Li, Liyan Qi, 2015). And these tropical cyclone disasters have caused a large number of casualties and economic losses in Guangxi. Typhoon No. 0606 "Prapiroon" entered Guangxi from Yulin city, causing 74 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi to suffer disasters, affecting 5.76 million people, killing 34 people and causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan (Jing Li, et al., 2007). In addition, according to the report of Guangxi Civil Affairs Department, super typhoon No. 1409 "Rammasun" landed in Fangchenggang area of Beibu Gulf, causing 4.3211 million people in 11 cities and 57 counties (cities and districts) including Beihai and Fangchenggang to suffer disaster, affecting 1.456 million hectares of crops, 8,527 farmhouses collapsed, and the direct economic losses reached 13.84 billion yuan. Moreover, the number and intensity of tropical cyclone that caused serious damage to Guangxi increased gradually. The damage caused by tropical cyclone is very huge, the disaster area is widely distributed, and the loss of many people is also very large. How to deliver the emergency supplies to the victims timely at minimum cost becomes the key to disaster relief. But the emergency supplies dispatching involves many problems. Because the displaced people are distributed in different settlements. The extent of the impact varies from place to place and the type and amount of emergency supplies needed. The distance between settlements and distribution centers varies from place to place, as does the connectivity of roads. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an awareness model for emergency supplies dispatching to solve these problems, so that emergency agencies of governments at all levels can make emergency supplies dispatching scheme faster and improve disaster relief effects. Keywords: Emergency Logistics, Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Emergency Supplies Dispatching, Transshipment Problem, Guangxi

Industrial hemp for sustainable development

This article analyzes the potential for growing and processing of industrial hemp in accordance with the goals and objectives of sustainable development. Of the 17 sustainable development goals, they meet at least nine. Today it is a niche crop grown by small agricultural enterprises, and the organization on their basis of simple value chains for processing seeds and stems allows to diversify crop production, create new jobs and appropriate economic development of rural areas. The total costs for growing and processing hemp raw materials from 100 hectares of crops directly in the agricultural enterprise amount to UAH 5,7 million, and the income from the products produced by a simple value chain will amount to UAH 12,9 million. Industrial hemp seeds and products made from it are a valuable source of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the optimal combination, so they serve as a basis for the development of the food industry for both regional and international markets. It is appropriate to involve the high nutritional potential of hemp seeds in the organization of a balanced diet, including children of different ages. The cannabinoid system of industrial hemp has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the human body, so the world community is actively involved in the raw materials of industrial hemp in the manufacture of biologically active additives and drugs. The development of this area in Ukraine requires appropriate changes in legislation. A hectare of industrial hemp is capable of forming more than 12 tons of dry biomass, containing up to 80 % of cellulose suitable for the production of various types of paper. The use of hemp in this direction contributes to the preservation of forests and is an effective measure to combat climate change and its consequences. Hemp is a traditional agricultural crop in Ukraine, the cultivation of which contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and agrobiocenoses. Their cultivation has a minimal environmental impact on the environment, and the processing of raw materials is characterized by waste-free production.

Reparto de utilidades en asociaciones temporales de inversionistas de tierra capital y maquinaria en la agricultura

En el medio rural existen los recursos necesarios y suficientes para obtener mucho mayores rendimientos que los que actualmente se obtienen. El gran problema de que no se aprovechen las potencialidades es que los principales recursos productivos se encuentran por separado en posesión de diferentes personas. El objetivo del manuscrito es sugerir un procedimiento matemático para identificar la aportación que cada uno de los recursos productivos que genera en el valor de la producción de los bienes agrícolas que se obtienen, el estudio se llevó a cabo en 2018. El procedimiento de reparto de utilidades se basa en un método de programación lineal que además de calcular con exactitud los montos adecuados del valor del producto entre los poseedores de recursos productivos, previamente realiza una recomendación para señalar en qué medida debe programarse cada uno de los cultivos posibles de llevarse a cabo, conociendo la magnitud de cada uno de los recursos se requiere para cultivar una hectárea en cada uno de los cultivos factibles y considerando la cantidad total de cada uno de los recursos que se encuentran disponibles. Los resultados encontrados, es que favorecen que la distribución de lo generado, resulte ser el justo y apropiado reparto de utilidades. Las conclusiones datos a procesar lo constituyen los precios de cada uno de los productos en el mercado y su valor monetario generado en una hectárea de cultivo; así como, este modelo constituye una buena salida para activar en las mejores condiciones a los programas del Gobierno Federal de mecanización del campo rural que no han dado los resultados esperados porque la maquinaria pertenece a un pequeño grupo de productores y éstos tienen serias dificultades para emplear toda su capacidad porque tienen poca tierra y el resto de productores no tienen recursos para tomarlos en renta.