Heavy Physical Labor Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH-RELEVANT QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROFILE OF WOMEN WITH COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES

In modern Russia, there is a decline in the birth rate, a decline in women's reproductive health, and a high rate of complicated pregnancy and childbirth. The causes of unfavorable course and outcome of pregnancy are multifactorial. The contribution of medical factors to the course of the gestational process and the condition of the newborn is often not determinant in the course and outcome of pregnancy. One of the factors influencing the course of pregnancy is health-relevant quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of certain characteristics of the medical and social profile on the health-relevant quality of life of pregnant women with complicated pregnancy. Materials and Methods. 153 pregnant women with complicated pregnancy were included in the study. Cohort one-stage sociological study of quality of life was realized by questionnaire survey method. The study of health-relevant quality of life of pregnant women with complicated pregnancy was conducted using the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire (WHO QOL-100). Results. When assessing the quality of life of pregnant women, there is a decrease in the average values of quality of life indicators in the spheres and subspheres of the questionnaire, determined by the somatic condition of respondents. A statistically significant dependence of the decrease in the mean values of the quality of life indicators of respondents in the age group of 30-39 years compared to respondents aged 20-29 years has been established. The evidence of the influence of the level of education on the quality of life of women with pathologic course of pregnancy is presented. In a comparative analysis of the quality of life of respondents whose professional activity is not associated with physical exertion and respondents who perform physical labor of varying degrees of severity, the greatest decrease in the average quality of life indicators is noted in the group of respondents engaged in heavy physical labor. There are higher quality of life indicators of respondents who are officially married. Conclusions. The conducted study provides evidence of somatic and social determinacy of health-relevant quality of life in pregnant women with complicated pregnancy. The established limitations of the quality of life allow objectifying personalized medical and social assistance to pregnant women, aimed at improving their quality of life and pregnancy outcome.

Стратегические угрозы низкой производительности труда в строительной отрасли

The author applied the methods of Professor L.V. Kvint’s scientific school of strategizing to the construction industry in the Russian Federation. Strategic threat is a set of adverse conditions and factors that affect the strategic results. This term belongs to the first stage of strategizing which analyzes external and internal environment and assesses new opportunities and threats. The research featured various strategizing issues in the domestic construction industry, in particular, those that increase labor performance. The factors that reduce labor productivity were divided into several groups as “an unstable contractor”, “an unstable team”, and “an unstable worker”. The article describes strategic threats to the development of the construction industry and introduces some ideas on how to strategize labor performance, e.g., by developing and implementing social and technological innovations. In this regard, the priority tasks should include the following measures. The best workers should be encouraged to develop their professional skills and paid as much as qualified engineers. Robotic complexes and technical systems are to replace heavy physical labor. Innovative construction technologies and products should cover a wide range of construction types.

Divorce is a social problem study

According to the World Health Organization, health is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. The real meaning of being healthy is focusing on yourself and adopting healthy ways of living. After independence in India, health has been one of the main goals facing the country. There have always been obstacles in bringing health facilities to the rural people of the country. Health problems are especially acute in rural areas. For all these situations there is a lack of expertise in primary health centers created to deal with diseases in rural areas. A factor responsible for the poor health status of rural women is their lack of nutrition. Due to the lack of nutrition, conditions like malnutrition have arisen and due to this many types of diseases are prevalent. More than half of India's villages suffer from anomie due to lack of essential nutrients. About 22 thousand women especially pregnant women die of anomia in India. A number of social, economic and personal factors are responsible for the poor health status of rural women. Sanitation, education, lack of awareness, poor economic status, traditions, customs, husbandry, heavy physical labor, irregular diet, feticide, frequent births etc. are considered responsible for many factors.

Environmental and genetic risk factors associated with total knee arthroplasty following cruciate ligament surgery.

The purpose of this study is to determine an individual's age-specific prevalence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after cruciate ligament surgery, and to identify clinical and genetic risk factors associated with undergoing TKA. This study was a retrospective case-control study using the UK Biobank to identify individuals reporting a history of cruciate ligament surgery. Data from verbal history and procedural codes recorded through the NHS were used to identify instances of TKA. Patient clinical and genetic data were used to identify risk factors for progression from cruciate ligament surgery to TKA. Individuals without a history of cruciate ligament reconstruction were used for comparison. A total of 2,576 individuals with a history of cruciate ligament surgery were identified, with 290 (11.25%) undergoing TKA. In patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery, prevalence of TKA was 0.75% at age 45 years, 9.10% at age 65 years, and 20.43% at age 80 years. Patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery were 4.6 times more likely to have undergone TKA by age 55 years than individuals without prior cruciate ligament surgery. In the cruciate ligament surgery cohort, BMI > 30 kg/m2 (odds ratio (OR) 4.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74 to 5.87)), a job that always involved heavy manual or physical labour (OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 4.71)), or a job that always involved walking and standing (OR 2.58 (95% CI 1.58 to 4.20)) were associated with greater TKA odds. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with risk of TKA following cruciate ligament surgery. Patients with a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery have substantially higher risk of TKA and undergo arthroplasty at a relatively younger age than individuals without a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery. Physically demanding work and obesity were associated with higher odds of TKA after cruciate ligament surgery, but no SNP was associated with risk of TKA.

Скелетно-мышечная боль: патогенетические, диагностические особенности, принципы медикаментозного и восстановительного лечения

Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for visits to a neurologist. The prevalence of Low back pain increases with age. The main causes of Low back pain include nonspecific (musculoskeletal) pain, compression radiculopathy, lumbar stenosis, as well as specific pain caused by “serious pathology” (for example: tumor, fracture, infection, osteoporosis, etc.). Musculoskeletal pain is one of the common causes of temporary disability, ahead of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. According to numerous literature data from both domestic and foreign authors, pain in the neck and lower back reaches 80-90% in the population. The relevance of the problem is due to the progressive course of the disease, as well as its frequent occurrence in people of working age. Many authors point to a higher incidence, as well as a more severe course of the disease, in people who have unfavorable production factors, which include heavy physical labor, static loads in non-physiological positions, monotony of the work process, hypothermia and overheating, as well as significant psycho-emotional stress. The review presents data on the pathogenetic, clinical and diagnostic features of musculoskeletal pain, as well as discloses aspects of drug therapy and describes methods of restorative treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Based on the above critical review of the literature on musculoskeletal pain, it should be noted that musculoskeletal pain is a fairly common pathology that occurs in almost half of the population. Drug treatment of musculoskeletal pain is not always effective, which necessitates a unified multidisciplinary approach for specialists dealing with this pathology, with a wider involvement of manual therapy and physiotherapy in the complex of rehabilitation measures, which will increase the effectiveness of the treatment, will reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal pain, and will also significantly increase the period of remission.

Assessment of working conditions and features of respiratory disorders in modern refractory manufacturing

Introduction. Broad prospects for development of refractory manufacturing in Russia necessitate studies of the work environment, especially of the indoor air quality, and respiratory health effects of adverse occupational factors. 
 The purpose of our study was to conduct a general hygienic assessment of working conditions of the core personnel engaged in contemporary refractory manufacturing for more than 10 years and establish their respiratory functional status.
 Materials and methods. We assessed working conditions of press operators of a Ural refractory manufacturing plant in compliance with Russian Guidelines 
 R 2.2.2006–05. The respiratory functional status was established by the results of clinical instrumental testing of refractory production workers who were examined and/or treated at the occupational health clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers 
 in 2015–2021.
 Results. We gave a general assessment of working conditions of press operators engaged in the production of spinel periclase-carbon and fireclay-dinas molded refractories in the first refractory workshop, aluminosilicate refractories at the molding site, and corundum-graphite products in the second refractory workshop. 
 We analyzed the results of instrumental testing and established characteristics of clinical disorders of the respiratory system.
 Limitations. The study has regional (Sverdlovsk Region) and occupational (workers of a refractory manufacturing plant) limitations.
 Conclusion. Occupational risk factors for refractory production workers include silica-containing aerosols, which levels exceed maximum allowable concentrations (Class 3.1), aerosols of disintegration of aluminum oxides (in refractory workshop No. 2), iron in concentrations below MACs (Class 2), higher concentrations of volatile products of phenol formaldehyde resins (Class 3.1 in terms of phenol and up to 3.4 in terms of formaldehyde), increased noise levels for all jobs (Class 3.2), and heavy physical labour (Classes 3.1–3.3). Features of clinical respiratory disorders in the core personnel (press operators) were scarcity of complaints and physical data, absence of pronounced coniotic (respirable dust-related) X-ray findings and inflammatory (septic and allergic) blood changes. Moderate obstructive airway disorders were observed in 30 % of the examined cases.

Labor Mobilization in North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during Great Patriotic War

The article discusses a range of issues related to labor mobilization during the emergency conditions of wartime in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. One of the main objectives of this article is the publication of sources in a scholarly manner. The materials from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the State Archive of Recent History of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the topic are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The materials containing decisions on implementing defense measures, creating a system of defensive fortifications, and mobilizing citizens through labor duty are analyzed. Attention is paid to the activities of the Ordzhonikidzevsk (Vladikavkaz) Defense Committee and local authorities in organizing work in these areas. The relevance of the study lies in shedding light on historical experience in taking defense measures with active support from the population in the rear. The authors emphasize that rear work helped the army to accomplish its tasks. The authors conclude that during the Great Patriotic War, heavy physical labor became a norm of life for women, children, and adolescents who replaced able-bodied men who had gone to the front. Labor mobilization allowed for the quick organization of work by a large number of people and brought victory closer.

The prevalence of disability and associated factors among community adults in the baseline of CHCN-BTH Cohort Study

BackgroundDisability was a major public health problem in China. However, the prevalence of disabilities in community-dwelling adults and their relationships to chronic physical conditions were unclear. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of disabilities and associated factors among a large community-based cohort in China.MethodsParticipants who were local permanent residents aged 18 years or above and completed the disability assessments were selected from the Cohort study on Chronic Disease of Communities Natural Population in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (CHCN-BTH) from 2017 to 2019. Disability was assessed using five questions about impairments and activity limitations based on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health. Univariate, multivariate and multilevel logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between disabilities and associated factors.ResultsTotally, 12,871 community-dwelling adults completed the survey. Among of them, 12.9% (95% CI: 12.3%-13.5%) reported having any disability. The prevalence of any disability was significantly higher in participants who were older age, widowed, retired and smokers, had higher BMI, average monthly income < 5000 RMB, lower education level, lower physical exercise frequency and heavy physical labor. Multilevel logistic regressions showed that there were significant associations between disabilities with chronic physical conditions, especially in the vision impairment with lower back pain, and hearing impairment as well as difficulty walking without special equipment with injuries.ConclusionsMany Chinese adults suffered from disabilities. Sustained efforts should be made to develop specific population-based health promotion and prevention programs for disabilities in China.Trail registrationChiCTR1900024725 (25/07/2019).

States of contra-lateral rotator cuff – Based on bilateral shoulder ultrasound results of 401 patients

BackgroundFor patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT), the contra-lateral shoulders have higher risk of RCT than general population. It has been proved by several previous studies. The focus of this study is to obtain the data of contra-lateral rotator cuff tear in Chinese population, and to find the rules of contra-lateral rotator cuff tear through statistical analysis. MethodsFrom March 2016 to January 2020, patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgery were included in the study, we conduct bilateral shoulder ultrasound before surgery, patients information collection include gender, age, occupation and whether received contra-lateral rotator cuff surgery within 1–3 years. The above information was statistically analyzed. ResultsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 401 patients were included. The incidence of contra-lateral rotator cuff tear was 24.3%, 5.58% of them underwent contra-lateral rotator cuff repair surgery within 3 years. The degree of contra-lateral rotator cuff tear was positively correlated with the degree of the primary side; Patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tear were more likely to have contra-lateral rotator cuff tear than patients with partial rotator cuff tear. For patients with supraspinatus tendon tear, the contra-lateral rotator cuff tear risk increases, For patients with subscapularis muscle tear, the contra-lateral rotator cuff tear risk doesn't increases. Contra-lateral rotator cuff tear is related to age, the risk of contra-lateral rotator cuff tear is higher in elderly patients. ConclusionsThe contra-lateral RCT data obtained in our study was 24.3%, significantly lower than that of previous studies. The reasons may include ethnic variation, lifestyle, and proportion of heavy physical labor. The condition of contra-lateral rotator cuff is closely related to affected side rotator cuff tear.

The effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials when exposed to extreme levels of infrared radiation

Introduction. The results of the study of the nature of the formation of the thermal state in workers under the influence of extreme levels of the heating microclimate with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour, justify the need to develop and experimentally evaluate a set of preventive measures. Such measures need to prevent chronic overheating, with the mandatory use by workers of modern effective personal protective equipment from infrared radiation. &#x0D; The purpose of the study – the study of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials in real production conditions, for the prevention of chronic overheating from exposure to extreme levels of infrared radiation with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour. &#x0D; Materials and methods. To assess the possibility of using personal protective equipment in the conditions of modern forging and pressing production, there were taken protective clothing sets made of the material OXA-440, consisting of a cotton-asbestos lining and a metallized material with an aluminum surface. In the manufacture of prototypes of workwear, the topography and the estimated area of the irradiated area of the body surface, and the moisture and air tightness of metallized materials, were taken into account. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment was evaluated with taking into account the indicators of the thermal state of the workers of the main occupations who used two sets of the specified protective clothing alternately. The thermal state of the body was studied in accordance with the guidelines of the MUK 4.3.1895-04 and the provisions of the standard GOST R ISO 9886-2008. Studies on the hygienic assessment of workwear were carried out in the cold and warm periods of the year. A questionnaire survey was conducted to subjectively assess the usability, design and protective properties of workwear made of metallized material.&#x0D; Results. The main sources of thermal radiation in the studied production are incandescent to a temperature of over 1200°C with metal forgings of various lengths and various profile configurations, which largely determine the variability in the degree of radiation intensity of the radiant energy flow at the workplaces of blacksmiths and heaters. The formed thermal state of the workers of the specified occupational groups, dressed in standard cotton workwear, during the performance of the main work operations during the first half of the working shift in the cold and warm periods of the year, is estimated as the maximum permissible, requiring a limit of working time – no more than one hour per working shift. The use of workwear made of metallized materials in the cold period of the year led to a slight improvement in the thermal condition, which allowed to prolong the time spent at the workplace to 2 hours. When using the original design of a protective suit made of a metallized material characterized by moisture – and air-tight properties and covering a large area of the body surface during the warm period of the year, no improvement in the thermal condition of the workers was observed. According to the questionnaire survey, good reflective and mechanical properties of the test material were revealed. The expressed wishes and suggestions of the workers in the areas of improving the design of workwear suggest the development of new design samples of special protective clothing made of this metallized material, taking into account these comments.&#x0D; Limitations. The chosen research method determines the limitation on the possibility of its use in relation to a specific production, characterized by the multifactorial nature of the production environment against the background of heavy physical labour and extreme levels of infrared radiation determined by the specifics of the technological process. &#x0D; The obtained research results objectify the subject of further research – the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new design samples of special protective clothing made of metallized materials.&#x0D; Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies have shown good reflective and mechanical properties of the new metallized materials. During the questionnaire survey, the workers expressed their wishes and suggestions for improving the design of workwear sets, which must be taken into account when creating new design samples of special protective clothing, for their subsequent use as the main means of protection when working under conditions of exposure to extreme levels of industrial infrared radiation.

Protocol for animal handling in pharmaceutical or medical fields

All persons working with experimental animals must receive training regarding procedures and equipment to ensure their safety and that of the animals. Training must occur prior to the handling of animals. The principal investigator/professor is responsible for ensuring that personnel working on the project are aware of any risks to health and safety and that proper precaution are in place to reduce or eliminate the risks. Many tasks in animal facilities require moderate to heavy physical labor, and performing these tasks may expose personnel to a variety of risks (e.g., moving heavy equipment (strains), slippery floors, electrical hazards when washing, noise). Each person must exercise due caution when performing such tasks. The flight zone is an animal's "personal space". The size of the flight zone varies with the tameness of the animal, and other animal-related factors. Completely tame animals have little or no flight zone and allow a person to touch them. An untamed animal, however, will begin to move away when the person enters the edge of the flight zone. Different species defend themselves in different ways. For example, a mouse, rat, hamster or dog may bite, a rabbit may struggle furiously and kick or sometimes bite to try and escape, a cat may scratch (with intent) or bite; a cow or horse may kick. The approach to restraining the animal, including any equipment used for restraint, is to prevent the animal from taking such action while ensuring it is safely and humanely restrained. Although the correct approach to handling and restraint can be understood from printed and audio-visual materials, practice is essential.

Frequency, structure and significance of risk factors for genital prolapse in women

Pelvic organ prolapse is an urgent problem of modern gynecology, due to its wide distribution. The aim of the study was to study the frequency, structure and significance of POP risk factors among women of different ages. A prospective examination of 157 women was carried out, including 127 patients (main group) with gynecological pathology by a continuous method and 30 women with normal reproductive function without PTO (control group).The results showed that genital prolapse was detected in 56.7% of women with gynecological pathology, and a parallel increase in the frequency and age of women. The structure of PTO was dominated by prolapse of the walls and vaults of the vagina, cystocele, rectocele, prolapse of the uterine body and its combined forms. Such risk factors as: high parity (65.3%), short intergenetic interval (87.5%), rapid and rapid labor (16.1%) and labor with a large fetus (28.1%), operative vaginal delivery (11.3%), soft tissue injuries of the birth canal (26.4%), andoverweight (45.8%), obesity (37.5%),heavy physical labor (51.4%) and constipation (47.2%). Thus, rThe development of genital prolapse occurs under the influence of various adversefactors thatdetermines the need for measures aimed at the timely detection and correction of risk factors, which is possible with an increase in the role of preventive medicine.

Psychische und körperliche Belastung im Rettungsdienst: Zusammenhang des arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens und der Beanspruchungsfolgen

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEinsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst (RD) unterliegen zahlreichen arbeitsbezogenen Belastungsfaktoren. Diesen stehen verschiedene Ressourcen gegenüber, die der Belastung entgegenwirken können. Ziel der Arbeit war es, physische und psychische Belastungen im RD zu erheben sowie die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem arbeitsbezogenen Verhalten und den Folgen von (Fehl‑)Beanspruchung zu analysieren.Material und MethodenAn der Befragung im Jahr 2015 nahmen 276 Einsatzkräfte (39,3 ± 8,04 Jahre alt) teil. Sie beinhaltete berufsbezogene Fragen sowie den Fragebogen zur subjektiven Einschätzung der Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz nach Slesina, den Fragebogen zum arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster (AVEM), den Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogen (EBF) und den Fragebogen für körperliche, psychische und soziale Symptome (KOEPS).ErgebnisseDie von dem größten Teil der Befragten angegebenen Belastungen waren: ungünstige Körperhaltung, Heben/Tragen schwerer Lasten, körperliche Arbeit und Schichtarbeit. Am häufigsten fühlten sie sich durch Schichtarbeit belastet (76,9 % „oft“). Circa ein Drittel der Befragten zeigte in seinem arbeitsbezogenen Verhalten ein Risikomuster. In EBF und KOEPS traten keine Abweichungen vom Referenzbereich auf. Merkmale der emotionalen Einstellung gegenüber der Arbeit korrelierten positiv mit der Qualität der Erholung sowie negativ mit der Beanspruchung und gesundheitlichen Beschwerden. Das Perfektionsstreben, die offensive Problembewältigung und der berufliche Ehrgeiz waren nicht bzw. kaum mit den Beanspruchungsfolgen assoziiert.DiskussionDie Gefährdungsbeurteilung und die Erfassung des arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens von Einsatzkräften geben Ansatzpunkte für Präventionsmaßnahmen. Auf Grundlage von AVEM-Mustern können diese individuell angepasst werden.

Assessment of the relationship between the severity of the labor process and complications of pregnancy in female workers, the health of the fetus and newborn

In modern economic conditions, most women continue to work during pregnancy. According to the year of 2021 statistics, there is about half a million female workers are engaged in heavy physical work in Russia, which makes it relevant to study the impact of working conditions on the course of pregnancy, the health of newborns. The study aims to analyze and assess the occupational risk of health disorders of pregnant women workers, the health of their children born under the influence of a harmful production factor - the severity of labor. The researchers applied the method of analytical review and analysis of the data obtained to assess the risk of the impact of the severity of work on the health status, pregnancy of female workers and the condition of the fetus and newborn. Heavy physical labor, including lifting and moving heavy weights and intense physical exertion is especially unfavorable for pregnant workers. With a single lifting of loads weighing 11 kg or more, the risk of spontaneous miscarriage significantly increases by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.08-1.58); preeclampsia - by 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71). When lifting and moving loads with a total weight of 100 kg or more per shift, the risk of preeclampsia increases by 65% (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.31-2.09), premature birth by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11-1.56); the risk of low birth weight infants increases by 108% (OR=2.08, 95% CI, 1.06-4.11). With intense physical activity during the shift, the risk of developing fetal sizes small for gestational age (SGA) increases by 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.73). When working "standing up" for four or more hours, the risk of premature birth increases by 11% (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.22); SGA births - by 17% (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35). When working with a body tilt for an hour or more, the risk of developing preeclampsia in a pregnant worker increases by 51% (OR=1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.08). Prolonged walking during a work shift increases the risk of developing SGA by 21% (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.39). Working conditions characterized as heavy physical exertion statistically significantly increase the risks of spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, the development of a fetus small for gestational age, low newborn weight, etc. It is necessary to develop regulatory and methodological documents for the prevention of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in physical labor.

Assessment of the Impact of Occupational Risk Factors on the Development of Glaucoma

Background: Glaucoma is a large group of eye diseases characterized by a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure followed by the development of typical visual field defects, decreased visual acuity and atrophy of the optic nerve. Glaucoma affects about 3 % of the population and is the cause of blindness in 15 % of the blind all over the world. The study of the mechanisms of glaucoma development indicates the multifactorial nature of this disease and the role of the threshold effect in its occurrence. It has been established that specific occupational risk factors determine the frequency of glaucoma, which must be taken into account in elaboration of appropriate preventive measures. Objective: To characterize occupational risk factors and their impact on the development of glaucoma. Materials and methods: To study the prevalence of glaucoma among the population of the city of Kazan, we used data on seeking specific ophthalmic advice for glaucoma in municipal outpatient clinics. To study adverse eye health effects of occupational risk factors, a special “Map for Studying the Impact of Occupational Risk Factors on the Development of Glaucoma in the Population of Kazan in 2012–2021” was developed. The strength of the influence of occupational risk factors was determined using the multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Glaucoma patients are often exposed to such occupational risk factors as high neuropsychiatric tension (29.7 %), heavy physical labor (10.7 %), chemicals (6.2 %), and night shifts (3.9 %). Conclusions: Our findings indicate the importance of early detection of adverse health effects of occupational risk factors; necessitate appropriate preventive measures, follow-up, and planning of therapeutic and preventive care for patients with glaucoma.

Modern possibilities for the prevention of pelvic organ prolapse

In the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist, the problem of pelvic organ prolapse is increasingly being raised. Symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse are noted from a young age, gradually progressing and reducing the patient’s quality of life. Various surgical methods of treatment also don’t solve the problem of prolapse. The recurrence rate after correction of prolapse with own tissues reaches 40%, and operations using mesh implants have a number of specific complications, the fight against which sometimes becomes more difficult than primary intervention. Despite the steady increase in the prevalence of the disease, effective methods of dealing with it have not yet been developed. Also, the tactics of managing patients at the initial stage of prolapse, when there are complaints, but they are not given enough attention, both by the doctor and the patient, are not defined. The main risk factors for the disease are: perineal ruptures during childbirth, episiotomy, menopause, repeated pregnancies and childbirth, polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancy, fetal macrosomia, conditions accompanied by a chronic increase in intraabdominal pressure, heavy physical labor, impaired innervation and circulation of the pelvic floor, genetic predisposition, hysterectomy and connective tissue dysplasia. The review is devoted to the causes and methods of prevention of pelvic organ prolapse at the present stage. Methods such as pelvic floor muscles training, including in the biofeedback mode using vaginal simulators, electrical impulse stimulation, high-intensity focused electromagnetic stimulation, and non-ablative Er:YAG laser therapy are considered. A systematic literature search was carried out using Scopus, web of Science, MedLine, PubMed and eLibrary data base system.

The Unknown Labour Camp in Slivnitsa (August – September 1989)

The labour camp in the military unit in the town of Slivnitsa as a place of state repression in the campaign for forced name change has not been the subject of special scientific research. In early 1985, hundreds of Turks from North-Eastern Bulgaria were summoned to the military checkpoints and as "mobilized" were sent to the unit, part of which was turned into a special labour camp. In Slivnitsa and other labour camps, the mobilized were subjected to heavy physical labour and psychological harassment. In the archive of the State Security documents are kept with some of the statistics on this form of violent dealing with the most active Turks – potential opponents of the forced name change and organizers of mass protests in North - Eastern Bulgaria. The repression in the labour camp in Slivnitsa from August-September 1989, happened during a period of the hardest field work for the tobacco producers. As "reserve troops" some of the most prominent Pomaks in Southern Bulgaria, including also some Turks from the Pazardzhik and Gotzedelchevski villages, were isolated. Subjected to humiliation, harassment and ideological manipulation, more than 100 people in a month were held halfhungry and forced to engage in heavy physical labour. This state violence scared the population and interrupted all possibilities for general opposition against the communist regime. This study aims to present this form of mass repression, carried out secretly and thoroughly concealed by the communist totalitarian regime in Bulgaria and plunged into oblivion. It is based on archival documents, memories, unknown to science notes and a list of the names of those brought in in 1989 in the labour camp in Slivnitsa.

Results of Implementing Preventive Health Measures for Workers of Certain Occupations in the Shipbuilding Industry

Background: The shipbuilding industry is one of the leading sectors of the national economy of our country. In St. Petersburg, shipyards employ up to 60 % of all blue-collar workers, most of them being engineering technicians and shipbuilding specialists. Chippers occupy a special place among the latter. It is known that chippers performing heavy and extremely heavy physical labor often develop occupational diseases induced by hand and arm overstrain, such as epicondylosis, rotator cuff syndrome, and osteoarthritis. Prolonged static and dynamic loads on the upper extremities in combination with hand-arm vibration and forced postures cause dystrophic changes in the cartilage (arthrosis), and then in the bone tissue (osteoarthritis), thus necessitating appropriate preventive measures to preserve work ability of shipbuilders, including chippers. Objective: To evaluate effectiveness of specially developed and patented techniques based exposure to low-intensity laser radiation for restoring occupationally impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system. Material and methods: In 2021, we studied working conditions of 38 chippers and 25 engineering technicians aged 35 to 58 years, with at least 10 years of employment, experiencing muscle tension and overstrain of the upper extremities. All the workers were examined by a surgeon and a neurologist. To restore the functional state of the upper limb blood supply, laser radiation in the red region of the spectrum was applied to the back surface of workers’ hands. Regional blood circulation of the hands was then evaluated using a Mizar-REO rheograph, Mizar LLC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. Results: After ten 5-minute sessions of radiation therapy, the number of complaints of general fatigue, irritability, lethargy, weakness, and sleep disturbance decreased by 2.5 and 3 times in chippers and engineering technicians, respectively. The number of complaints of headaches, pain in the heart and hands reduced as well. Only two chippers reported persistence of some minor pains in their hands. The regional blood circulation also demonstrated an objective improvement. Conclusion: Exposure of the dorsal side of hands to low-intensity laser radiation in the red region of the spectrum effectively relieves vasospasm of the upper extremities and leads to an improvement in blood supply. Introduction of the developed preventive care measure will contribute to occupational disease and disability prevention.

The characteristics of husbands and violence against women in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and correlation between husbands and lifetime domestic violence (DV) among women in Wuhan, China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a community health center in Wuhan from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 1015 women who came to the center for gynecological examination were selected through a random sampling. They were assessed using the WHO Violence Against Women Instrument to evaluate the prevalence of DV. The chi-square test, the Wilcoxon rank test, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the possible risk or protective factors for DV.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of DV was 29.36% (298/1015). The risk factors included heavy physical labor (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.63–7.77), long-term drinking (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.19–2.14), overweight or obesity (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.88) and long-term smoking (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04). Higher education was a protective factor (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.96).ConclusionWomen whose husbands had lower education, performed heavy physical labor, were long-term alcohol consumers, had overweight or obesity, and were long-term smokers were vulnerable to lifetime DV.

The development of endurance in high school skiing lessons

Introduction: Information, innovative technologies in the sphere of human activity have greatly reduced his motor activity, as the need to engage in heavy physical labor has disappeared. This has led to a decrease in the level of human physical development, and, consequently, to the deterioration of health. It is necessary to form the habit of physical activity in early childhood. It is necessary to pay attention to the development of such qualities as endurance, speed, flexibility, agility and strength. Teachers of physical education and sports choose special exercises and loads to develop these physical qualities according to the age of schoolchildren. One popular sport is skiing lessons. Skiing in winter has a beneficial effect on the body, as there is a hardening effect on the body. Methods:Method used in this is description self-observation analysis and reviews, Methods of Endurance Development in High School Children in Ski Training Lessons Results: During the experiment we saw that the selected method gave positive results. The students of 10thA class had dynamics of growth of endurance indicators, but not significantly. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of endurance during physical education lessons. Conclusions: Physical education classes are an important component of endurance development in high school children. Properly structured lessons provide opportunities to improve endurance. It is advisable to give endurance exercises near the end of the lesson. Initially it is necessary to give exercises for the development of general endurance, and then to develop different types of special endurance (speed, strength, etc.). It is necessary to increase the load, but gradually.