Assessment of the relationship between the severity of the labor process and complications of pregnancy in female workers, the health of the fetus and newborn

Abstract

In modern economic conditions, most women continue to work during pregnancy. According to the year of 2021 statistics, there is about half a million female workers are engaged in heavy physical work in Russia, which makes it relevant to study the impact of working conditions on the course of pregnancy, the health of newborns. The study aims to analyze and assess the occupational risk of health disorders of pregnant women workers, the health of their children born under the influence of a harmful production factor - the severity of labor. The researchers applied the method of analytical review and analysis of the data obtained to assess the risk of the impact of the severity of work on the health status, pregnancy of female workers and the condition of the fetus and newborn. Heavy physical labor, including lifting and moving heavy weights and intense physical exertion is especially unfavorable for pregnant workers. With a single lifting of loads weighing 11 kg or more, the risk of spontaneous miscarriage significantly increases by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.08-1.58); preeclampsia - by 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71). When lifting and moving loads with a total weight of 100 kg or more per shift, the risk of preeclampsia increases by 65% (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.31-2.09), premature birth by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11-1.56); the risk of low birth weight infants increases by 108% (OR=2.08, 95% CI, 1.06-4.11). With intense physical activity during the shift, the risk of developing fetal sizes small for gestational age (SGA) increases by 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.73). When working "standing up" for four or more hours, the risk of premature birth increases by 11% (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.22); SGA births - by 17% (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35). When working with a body tilt for an hour or more, the risk of developing preeclampsia in a pregnant worker increases by 51% (OR=1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.08). Prolonged walking during a work shift increases the risk of developing SGA by 21% (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.39). Working conditions characterized as heavy physical exertion statistically significantly increase the risks of spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, the development of a fetus small for gestational age, low newborn weight, etc. It is necessary to develop regulatory and methodological documents for the prevention of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in physical labor.