Heath Research Articles

A survey and analysis of the responsiveness of rural health care system in Jiangmen city

Objective To understand the performance of health care system in Jiangmen rural areas, to find the weakness and to analyze the reasons, to take measures to improve the overall service level of the system. Methods A survey on 208 people who received public health services in the past year at three districts and four counties in Jiangmen was conducted by questionnaires. All the questionnaires were coded with two-input logic proof by Epidata and processed by the SPSS 16.0 software. Results Of the best rural health system response was dignity 89.9%, and social support network 89%. Considered poor or very poor response to the first three is the quality of infrastructure, 8.2%, 3.4% selected heath care workers to patients in a timely manner and accounted for 1.4% interest. Conclusions Imvestment should be increased to the rural health care system to improve the basic structures. Autonomy, prompt attention, confidentiality, and selection of medical staff should be further improved to enhance the responsiveness of rural health care system. Key words: Rural area; Health care system; Responsiveness; Patients

Spatial distribution of heathlands in the north-western part of Poland (Pomerania District)

Spatial distribution of heathlands in Pomerania (the north-western part of Poland) was described based on the results of questionnaires sent out to the registered offices of all forest divisions (96), national (4) and landscape (15) parks of this area. According to the inventory, heathlands occur in 28 forest divisions and 3 national and landscape parks. The frequency of occurrence and the area covered by heathlands were determined. All the data were compiled in the form of a spatial database with the use of Geographic Information Systems. The paper also contains the geographical distribution of heath habitats in the area of Pomerania according to particular syntaxa. Additionally, the content of the database CORINE Land Cover was analysed at the third level for the area of Pomerania, completed for the years of 2000 and 2006. The area and the number of patches were described according to three land cover categories: heaths (code 322), conflagration sites (code 334) and peat bogs (code 412).

Changes in soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties during natural succession on abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau

The re-establishment of natural species-rich heath lands on abandoned farmland is one of the main measures in soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau of China. So, it is important to understand how the vegetation and soil properties develop after land abandonment. The objective of this study was to determine how physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities changed for abandoned farmland with an age sequence of 0, 1, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 years in Zhifanggou watershed (8.27 km2), Shaanxi Province, NW China. The results of this study indicate that species succession after land abandonment in the Zhifanggou watershed on the Loess Plateau resulted in a significant improvement in soil chemical and microbiological properties. Soil organic C, total N, available N and K, soil microbial biomass C, N and P, as well as alkaline phosphatase, catalase, saccharase, and cellulase activity increased with time since plantation establishment increased. In contrast, soil bulk density, pH, and polyphenol oxidase activity decreased after farmland abandonment. Urease and α-amylase decreased until 15 years at the early phase of species succession, and then increased. However, there was no significant change in total P and available P during the restoration. Results only implied the tendency that the herbage was developing toward shrub. Although secondary succession plays an important role which improved soil properties after farmland abandonment, the values of these parameters were still much lower than native forest in 50 years. Thus, vegetation recovery after farmland abandonment in a semi-arid environment would be slow and the improvement of soil properties in the Loess Plateau is likely to require a considerably long period of time.

Analysis of relevant causes of sudden cardiac death

Objective To analyze the relevant cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of SCD. Methods 33 SCD patients from May 2004 to.May 2009 were investigated retrospectively. The cause of SCD was analyzed and the nursing method wasstudied. Resulm The occurrence of SCD had significant relevant cause in 29 cases (87.88%); the SCD occurred in various diagnosis and nursing in 16 cases (48.48%), 11 cases (33.33%) after urination and stool.The occurrence of SCD was the highest from 1:00 to 8:00. All patients had different degree heart failure, and acute in 17 cases (51.51%). Conclusion The urination, stool, various diagnosis and nursing activity are the relevant cause of SCD; heart failure is high risk factor and the sudden death time has obvious circadian rhythm. For cardiovascular disease patients, we should value the nursing of stool and urination, pay more attention to enlarging the betimes and effectiveness of various diagnosis and nursing activity, value the psychological nursing of patients, strengthen the patrolling at night and disease observation. Key words: Sudden cardiac heath; Relevant cause; Nursing

The analyses about the breast diseases state in 9062 cases in Shenzhen city of China in 2007-2009

Objective To study the breast diseases state in women. Methods The cluster sampling about relation analyses in 9062 case in Shenzhen city in 2007-2009 was used .Results In the breast diseases in 9062 cases the mammary hyperplasia proportion rate was 69.93%, the acute purulent mastitis was 11.54%, the liquid-overflowing papilla was 4.71%, the breast fibroma was 3.63%, the thelitis was 2.70%, the precocious development of the female breast was 1.26%, the polymastia was 1.13%, the galactocele was 0.98%, the papilla sunk in was 0.97%, the breast cancer was 0.15%. Conclusion Prediminate the breast disease,can improve women' s heath. Key words: Breast diseases; Diseases state; Proportion rate

Chinese community care of elderly patients with hypertension the role of health promotion

Objective To explore the health promotion effects by using Chinese conventional medicine community nursing care for elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Using stratified sampling method, we chose 1 hundred elderly hypertensive patients from Jinhua Community and random divided them into comparison group and observation group respectively who were treated with western medicine treatment + normal community nursing care pattern and combined with TCM community nursing care pattern. It lasted for three months as one course of treatment by monitoring blood pressure, symptom marks,esp. To explore the health promotion effects by using TCM community nursing care pattern for elderly patients with hypertension. Result The differences Efficiency, significant effective rate between two groups were not significant ( P＞ 0.05 ); According to marks of patients' symptoms , the observation group have better effect in help relieve the symptoms than the comparison group ( P＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion It works well by the implementation of the TCM community nursing care pattern on elderly patients with hypertension to promote their health conditions. Key words: Community Nursing Care; TCM; Hypertension; Heath Promotion

Effects of behavioral intervention on mental health and quality of life of inpatients with coronary heart disease

Objective To explore the effects of behavioral intervention on mental heath and quality of life of inpatients with coronary heart disease. Methods Eighty cases with coronary heart disease were randomly divid-ed into intervention group(n=40) and the drug treatment group(n=40). SF-36,SCL-90,EPQ,HAMA,HAMD were applied to assess the mental health state and quality of life. Results After 6-months, the score of SF-36,SCL-90,EPQ,HAMA, HAMD,and N score of EPQ in intervention group were more significantly proved than the drug treatment group SF-36:(84.7±16.2)vs(68.3±10.6); P <0.01; SCL-90:(83.5±4.2)vs(148.6±3.2)], P<0.05;EPQ-N:(43.8±4.2)vs(52.8±3.1), P<0.01;HAMA:(10.4±3.4)vs(15.1±5.1), P <0.01; HAMD: (11.4±3.8) vs (17.9±4.6), P< 0.01). Conclustion Behavioral intervention effectively im-proves mental state and quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease. Key words: Coronary heart disease; Psychological intervention; Quality of life

Reply to E.H. Carr: Approaches to Understanding Experience and Knowledge by Amelia Heath

Reply to E.H. Carr: Approaches to Understanding Experience and Knowledge by Amelia Heath

Spatial distribution of heathlands in the north-western part of Poland (Pomerania District)

Spatial distribution of heathlands in Pomerania (the north-western part of Poland) was described based on the results of questionnaires sent out to the registered offices of all forest divisions (96), national (4) and landscape (15) parks of this area. According to the inventory, heathlands occur in 28 forest divisions and 3 national and landscape parks. The frequency of occurrence and the area covered by heathlands were determined. All the data were compiled in the form of a spatial database with the use of Geographic Information Systems. The paper also contains the geographical distribution of heath habitats in the area of Pomerania according to particular syntaxa. Additionally, the content of the database CORINE Land Cover was analysed at the third level for the area of Pomerania, completed for the years of 2000 and 2006. The area and the number of patches were described according to three land cover categories: heaths (code 322), conflagration sites (code 334) and peat bogs (code 412).

Bloody Heath and Bloody Chambers in Macbeth, by Roman Polanski

Bloody Heath and Bloody Chambers in Macbeth, by Roman Polanski

Analysis of neonatal death in NICU during the latest 5 years

Objective To analyze the cause and change of neonatal death during the latest 5 years,to discuss the ways to decrease the mortality.Methods A retrospective analysis of 69 cases in NICU were performed from Jan 2004 to Dec 2008.Results(1)The sex ratio of male to female was 1.7:1.The preterm infants accounted for 34.8%,preterm infants with gestational ages of less than 32 weeks accounted for 70.8% of the total premature deaths.(2)59.4% of the deaths in newborn infants occurred in the first 7days of life.69.6% occurred within 3 days after admission.(3)The three leading causes of premature infant death were RDS,sepsis and scleredema neonatorum,accounted for 75% of premature death.The three leading canses of full term death were sepsis,neonate severe asphyxia and pneumonia,accounted for 71.1% of all full term death.(4)The newborn who died of RDS were gradually decreasing.Those who died of sepsis and severe asphyxia weren't changing.Condusion Heath care during the perinatal period should be strengthened to decrease the premature birth and asphyxia.The neonatal new resuscitation technique should be widely adovocated and neonatal sepsis should be treated positively. Key words: Infant; newborn; Neonate; premature; Death

The mental impact of training intervention on obstetric and gynecologic nurses

Objective To explore the effect of professional & psychological training to obetetric and gynecologic nurses on their mental and physical health.Methods Fifty-three gynecologic and obstetric nurses were received vocational and psychological training.According to stress questionnaire,they were evaluated by symptom check list-90(SCL-90) and psychological heath scale before and 6-month after comprehensive training.Results The main occupational stresses were work risk,relation between nurse and sufferer,workload and working ability shortage.After comprehensive training,the scores of SCL-90,positive items,obsessive compulsive,sensitive relationship,depression and anxiety and factors of mental disease of SCL-90 were decreased significantly(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) .Total scores of mental health scale,satisfaction and confidence were increased significantly than before training(P＜0.01).Conclusions Specific vocational and psychological training are helpful to alleviate physical and mental stress of gynecologic and obstetric nurses and improve their health leveL Key words: Training; Gynecologic and obstetric nurses; Mental health; Vocational stress

Mental health and supportive psychotherapy on the patients with cardiac mechanical valve replacement

Objective To analyze the mental health status of patients after mechanical heart valve replaoement,and the effect of supportive psychotherapy on these patients.Methods 100 patients received heart valves replacement were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,each group had 50 patients.Targeted health education and routine heath education were carried out for the two groups,respectively.In addition,experimental group was received conventional therapy,and strengthened listen,interpretation,guidance,encourage,guarantee,support psychotherapy etc.Improvement of the mental health status of all patients pre and post treatment were evaluated by SDS(self-rating depression scale) and SAS(self-rating anxiety scale)score.Results The patients in the experimental group had less the anxiety,depression than thoee in the control group.Conclusions Supportive psychotherapy is helpful to psychology rehabilitation for patients after accepted cardiac mechanical valve replacement,and it is worthy of further clinical trial and application. Key words: Mechanical heart valve replacement; Depression; Aanxiety; Supportive; Psychotherapy

Study of psychological well-being of physical education students of Razi university of Kermanshah

Background: Research has indicated that while regular participation in sport can be associated with enhanced physical and emotional well-being it could also result in psychological disorders. This study aimed to determine the status of psychological well-being of physical education students of Razi University of Keramnshah. Methods: For the purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study, 176 students (102 males and 74 females) were randomly recruited from all the students of department of physical education. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with two parts: A- demographic information. B- The general health questionnaire (GHQ) which contained 28 questions. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, central tendency, and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (independent t test). Results: Based on the results, 47.2 percent of those sampled were suspicious of having psychological disorders. Males and females were almost the same in terms of the intensity of the problems. Conclusion: Based on our results, we recommend that physical education students have the option of selecting fewer physically demanding units for a given semester provided the course outline is organized in a way to allow students to enjoy the less intense units at the same time. To reduce psychological pressure and improve their general well-being, students should be encouraged to get professional support from mental heath facilities such as counseling services and participate in mental health workshops.

The survey about health knowledge condition in HBV-positive pregnant women

Objective To investigate the HBV- positive pregnant women about the knowledge of the route of hepatitis B transmission, hepatitis B hazards, health care during pregnancy, announcements of child- care to explore targeted and effective health education model with self- designed question-naires. Methods Nurses in obstetrics department carried out this questionnaire investigation in the outpa-tients of HBV- positive pregnant women, after that the results underwent statistic analysis. Results The overall knowledge of HBV- positive pregnant women in announcements of child- care, health care during pregnancy and hepatitis B hazards was not very well, and the announcements of child- care was the lowest, followed by health care during pregnancy and hepatitis B hazards. The route of hepatitis B transmission was better, but still not satisfactory. The education should highlight these areas. Well- educated women were better than those who lack education. The age between 20 to 30 years old was better. Conclusions The HBV-positive pregnant women is lack of heath knowledge, so we should gave health intervention in a multi- level, multi- stage standardized and a variety of ways. Key words: HBV; Pregnant women; Health requirement; Health education; Health investigation

Investigation of current recognition of and demand for health knowledge by patients with chronic gastritis receiving treatment in clinics

Objective To investigate the current recognition and demand of health knowledge by patients with chronic gastritis receiving treatment in clinics, and provide a basis for offering specific instructive health education to patients. Methods Using self-designed questionnaire to investigates 420 patients with chronic gastritis concerning the recognition of heath knowledge as well as the content and the way of health education. The data were analyzed statistically. Results The recognition of health knowledge showed that 57. 1% of patients responded no, 35.5% a little, 12.9% well and 4.3% very well, respectively. 86.9% of patients considered that health education was needed urgently; but 11.0%, 1.6%, 0. 3%, of patients considered it was needed in moderate, a little, and not at all, respectively. In terms of health education way, 100% of patients hoped they could get a face-to-face individual education while more than 80% preferred telephone follow-up, periodical lecture, liked joining patient club, and wanted home visit by nurse. Conclusions Most patients had a little health knowledge of their disease, and their demand for health education was very high. Nurses should rely on their specialty to provide patients with individual and instructive ways of health education according to different requirement of patients so as to help the patients to change their had behavior for the prevention and the reduction of the recurrence and the complication of the disease. Key words: Chronic gastritis; Clinic; Health knowledge; Demand

BLUEBERRIES MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS OUTSIDE OF THE BOUNDARIES OF NATURAL DISPERSION FOR ERICACEOUS PLANTS IN CHILE

BLUEBERRIES MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS OUTSIDE OF THE BOUNDARIES OF NATURAL DISPERSION FOR ERICACEOUS PLANTS IN CHILE

Sesquiterpene Lactones inArnica montana: Helenalin and Dihydrohelenalin Chemotypes in Spain

An analytical RPLC method for sesquiterpene lactones in Arnica montana has been extended to include quantitative analyses of dihydrohelenalin esters. LC-ESI-MS-MS distinguished the isomeric helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters. The dihydrohelenalin esters have lower response factors for UV detection than do helenalin esters, which must be taken into account for quantitative analyses. Analyses of flowers from 16 different wild populations of A. montana in Spain showed differing proportions of helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters. For the first time a chemotype with high levels of helenalin esters (total helenalins 5.2-10.3 mg/g dry weight) is reported in Spanish A. montana. These samples were from heath lands at high altitude (1330-1460 m), whereas samples from meadows and peat bogs at lower altitudes were the expected chemotype with high levels of dihydrohelenalin esters (total dihydrohelenalins 10.9-18.2 mg/g). The phenolic compounds, both flavonoid glycosides and caffeoylquinic acids, in Spanish A. montana are reported for the first time. The levels of several of these compounds differed significantly between samples from heath lands and samples from peat bogs or meadows, with the heath land samples being most similar to central European A. montana in their phenolic composition.

Effects of intensive health education on psychological stress of outpatients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Objective To explore the effects of intensive health education on psychological stress of outpatients with chronic HBV infection. Methods A convenient sample of 80 patients was selected as the subjects of the study. They were randomly allocated to the control and the intervention group with 40 patients in each group. The intervention group received intensive heath education, which was designed spe-cially by researcher, while the control group just received the routine clinic health education. Demographic Data Recording Form (DDRF) and the Perceived Stress Scale specific to Hepatitis B Patients (PSSH) were used to assess the intervention effect pre-treatment and 3 months after intervention. Results The scores of PSSH were high in two groups before intervention. Compared with the control group, the intensive health education decreased the score of PSSH more significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions The intensive heath education can reduce the psychological stress of the outpatients with chronic HBV infection. Key words: Intensive health education; Psychological stress; Chronic HBV infection

Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Patterns in Gaylussacia (Ericaceae) based on Morphological, Nuclear DNA, and Chloroplast DNA Variation

Gaylussacia includes 49 species of understory shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae) with a disjunct distri- bution in North and South America. Little is known about evolutionary relationships among the species. To investigate phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in Gaylussacia, three data sets were constructed and analyzed cladistically using parsimony: morphology, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences, and chloroplast trnL intron-trnF spacer DNA sequences. Molecular data sets were analyzed in two ways to determine the phylogenetic informativeness of insertion/deletion events. Comparison of results from separate analyses of each data set showed some incongruencies be- tween the nuclear and chloroplast data sets, indicating possible past hybridization or lineage sorting. Combined analyses were conducted for ITS and morphology, and for trnL-trnF and morphology. The monophyly of the genus including G. brachycera was not strongly supported. In addition, the traditional sectional divisions of Gaylussacia were not supported in the morphological and nuclear DNA analyses. Finally, a broader perspective on the disjunct distribution of Gaylussacia includes the possibility of a North American origin for the genus, rather than a South American origin as previously hy- pothesized.