Healthy Sleep Habits Research Articles

Characterizing sleep in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveTo characterize sleep/insomnia and sleep habits among adults with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. MethodsAdults with T1D or T2D were invited to complete an anonymous cross-sectional online survey containing validated self-reported measures on sleep quality, sleep health, insomnia severity, and questions on sleep habits. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. ResultsA total of 303 adults (20–86 years; 75.3 % female) with T1D (n = 121) and T2D (n = 182) completed the whole survey. Sleep quality was associated with type of diabetes (β=1.27; 95 % CI: 0.28, 2.27) and income (β=-1.18; 95 % CI: -2.11, -0.26) when adjusted for sex and age. Adults with T2D and with a lower income reported poorer sleep quality. Sleep timing variability (rs=0.25–0.33; p < 0.05) and caffeine consumption before bedtime (rs=0.14–0.17; p < 0.05) were the sleep habits that were correlated with sleep quality, sleep health, and insomnia severity when adjusted for sex, age, and income. Sleep timing variability ≥3 times/week was associated with age (OR=0.97; 95 % CI: 0.94, 0.99). Caffeine consumption before bedtime ≥3 times/week was associated with sex × age (p = 0.0165). Younger males were the most likely to indicate adopting this sleep habit. ConclusionsAdults with T2D and those reporting a lower income seem at high risk for poor sleep quality. Adults with diabetes mentioning sleep issues, especially those with T2D and with a lower income, should have access to inexpensive behavioral sleep interventions. Younger adults with diabetes should receive counseling promoting healthy sleep habits, especially males in the case of caffeine consumption before bedtime.

"Your Kid Has Potential, But They Need Sleep": Teacher Perspectives on School-Based Sleep Promotion in Alberta, Canada.

Insufficient sleep is a growing public health concern. Thirty percent of Canadian children and youth are not meeting national sleep recommendations. Inadequate sleep can negatively influence students' academics and physical and psychosocial health. Schools have been identified as ideal health promotion settings to influence children's health including their sleep behaviors. The objective of this study was to explore teachers' perspectives on sleep behaviors and their role in school-based sleep promotion. Nineteen elementary teachers were purposively sampled from the greater Edmonton area, Alberta, Canada. Interpretive description was used as the guiding method, and data were generated through one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Inductive descriptive thematic analysis was used to identify interview themes. Three themes related to teachers' perspectives on sleep behaviors and school-based sleep promotion were identified: the importance of students' sleep, prioritizing sleep as part of teaching and learning, and a culture of healthy sleep habits. This study found that teachers considered sleep to be essential for elementary students' academic success and wellbeing, and a whole school approach was necessary to support a healthy sleep culture in schools.

Sleep Attributes Influencing Cardiovascular Morbidity Among Young Adults Pursuing Professional Courses in Dehradun, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are evolving as a cause of mortality and morbidity among young adults. Young adults, particularly those pursuing professional courses in colleges, face unique challenges that may influence their risk of developing CVD. Despite screening guidelines, CVD risk factors often go undetected in the young population, highlighting the need for increased awareness among adolescents. Sleep is an essential indicator of well-being, and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors is increasingly being recognized. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among young adults aged 18 to 24 years pursuing professional courses in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 156 participants were recruited through multistage, systematic random sampling, and snowball sampling. Data on sleep patterns and cardiovascular morbidity were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Among the study participants, 46.8% reported having less than four hours of sleep on average, and 25% were suffering from sleep problems. The prevalence of diagnosed CVDs was low, with 6.14% reporting arrhythmias and 3.84% reporting hypertension. An association was found between sleep duration, sleep problems, and the presence of CVDs. Participants with shorter sleep durations and more severe sleep problems had a higher prevalence of CVDs. The findings suggest that sleep duration and sleep problems may be modifiable risk factors for CVDs among young adults. Effective health promotion activities focusing on behavior and lifestyle modifications are essential to preventing CVDs from an early age. The study emphasizes the importance of early intervention and health promotion strategies to reduce CVD risk factors in this population. Community-based research and behavior change communication initiatives are recommended to promote healthy sleep habits and prevent cardiovascular diseases among young adults beyond the college setting.

Current Perspective on Sleep and Emotion Regulation

This article explores the correlation between emotions and sleep. Sleep plays an essential role in regulating our emotions and cognitive processes. Extensive research demonstrates the intricate connection between sleep and emotional well-being. During sleep, the brain engages in vital activities that influence emotional memory consolidation, regulation, and cognitive functioning. Insufficient sleep or sleep deprivation has detrimental impacts on various brain functions related to emotions. These include impairments in working memory and attention, disruptions in dopamine function, and altered processing of aversive stimuli. Sleep deprivation can also influence different components of the emotion regulation process model. Furthermore, sleep abnormalities have been linked to several mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. Understanding the intricate relationship between sleep and emotions can provide valuable insights into developing effective interventions for individuals with sleep disorders or mental health conditions. Promoting healthy sleep habits and addressing sleep disturbances can improve emotional regulation and overall well-being. Additionally, exploring the reciprocal relationship between sleep and emotional processes can contribute to advancements in therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected individuals.

The association between blue light exposure and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study of UK biobank

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes. However, research on the relationship between blue light exposure and diabetes development is limited. ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between blue light exposure and T2D incidence and whether it is affected by sleep duration, physical activity, outdoor activity time, and genetic susceptibility. MethodsA total of 471,686 participants without diabetes were recruited from the UK Biobank cohort. T2D incidence was assessed using hospital inpatient records. Blue light exposure was calculated based on the time spent watching TV, using a computer, and playing computer games, which was determined using an online questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the survival relationship between blue light exposure and T2D, as well as the potential modification effects. ResultA total of 18,738 cases of T2D were documented during the median follow-up of 13.04 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, the participants with heavy blue light exposure had a greater risk of T2D compared to those with mild blue light exposure (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.23). A significant association between blue light exposure and T2D risk was observed among the participants with heavy physical activity (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.25–1.55), healthy sleep habits (HR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.10–1.36), higher outdoor activity time (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.07–1.22), or high genetic susceptibility (HR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.14–1.35). However, this association became non-significant among the participants with low genetic susceptibility (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.97–1.15). ConclusionThe present study showed that blue light exposure is associated with a greater risk of T2D independent of classical T2D risk factors.

Psychosocial determinants of healthy sleep habits in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT Background: Many adults with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have inadequate sleep increasing their risk of hyperglycemia and developing complications. The objective was to identify psychosocial determinants of healthy sleep habits (HSH) among adults with T1D and T2D. Methods: The two HSH were: avoiding screen use in bed and having sleep regularity. Adults (≥18 years) with T1D and T2D were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. The questionnaires were based on the Reasoned Action Approach and formative qualitative research previously conducted in 56 adults with T1D and T2D. Habit was included as an additional variable for screen use in bed. Results: In total, 320 adults with diabetes (T1D: 39%; T2D: 61%) completed the questionnaires (screen use in bed: 174; sleep timing: 146). Close to 75% of participants reported screen use in bed and close to 90% reported sleep timing variability in the last month. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) to avoid screen use in bed (β = −0.4486, p < 0.0001), habit of using screens in bed (β = 0.4002; p < 0.0001), and age (β = −0.0202; p = 0.0086) were determinants of screen use in bed, and this model explained 71% of the variance. PBC for sleep regularity (β = −0.2909; p = 0.0004) and being female (β = 0.5057; p = 0.0069) were determinants of sleep timing variability, and this model explained 28% of the variance. The most important beliefs associated with each HSH were identified to obtain information to design targeted interventions. Conclusions: Few adults with diabetes have HSH. Screen use in bed was strongly influenced by habit and the results suggest that both HSH are not easy to adopt among adults with diabetes. Younger adults with diabetes should be prioritized for screen use in bed, while females with diabetes should be prioritized for sleep timing variability. Adults with diabetes should have access to behavior change interventions to encourage them to adopt HSH.

Impact of irregular sleep pattern, and sleep quality on glycaemic parameters and endothelial function in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

This study investigated the impact of comprehensive sleep patterns on glycaemic parameters and endothelial function in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thirty subjects with type 1 diabetes (aged 13-25) without chronic complications participated. For 1 week, glucose levels were monitored by real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and sleep was simultaneously assessed by actigraphy. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measured endothelial function at the brachial artery. Insulin sensitivity was determined by calculated estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). Glycaemic control was assessed using haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. To address potential confounding by metabolic syndrome on the FMD results, three affected subjects were excluded from FMD correlation analyses. Participants with PSQI scores >5 had a lower %FMD compared with those with scores ≤5 (4.6 ± 3.7% vs. 7.6 ± 3.0%, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that lower sleep efficiency and higher sleep duration variability were associated with higher HbA1C levels (β = -0.076, 95%CI [-0.145, -0.008], p = 0.029; β = 0.012, 95%CI [0.001, 0.023], p = 0.033). Irregular sleep timing and lower sleep efficiency were related to decreased insulin sensitivity (sleep midpoint irregularity β = -1.581, 95%CI [-2.661, -0.502], p = 0.004, and sleep efficiency β = 0.147, 95%CI [0.060, 0.235], p = 0.001). No significant associations were found between glycaemic parameters and FMD. Our study demonstrated that sleep irregularity in type 1 diabetes was associated with glycaemic control and insulin resistance, while poor subjective sleep quality was linked to endothelial dysfunction. Promoting healthy sleep habits, including consistent sleep timing could benefit metabolic and cardiovascular health in type 1 diabetes.

Is lifestyle a bridge between perceived social support and depression in Chinese university students?

University students are at a high-risk group for depression, with increasing numbers of students experiencing this mental health condition. Previous research has shown a negative relationship between perceived social support and depression among university students. However, few studies have used lifestyle as a mediating variable when exploring the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on the main-effect model of social support, this study examined the potential efficacy of perceived social support in alleviating depressive symptoms among Chinese university students, taking into account the mediating influence of lifestyle. To test these hypotheses, 1043 university students (n = 1006 after data processing) from 6 universities in Northwest China were selected through a combination of convenience sampling and cluster sampling methods. The collected survey data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM). The results revealed a significant negative association between perceived social support and depression among Chinese university students. Moreover, lifestyle was found to partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Notably, only one specific lifestyle behavior, namely sleep quality, passed the mediation test, suggesting that sleep quality serves as the actual mediating variable rather than the broader construct of lifestyle itself. These findings underscore the importance of establishing a robust social support network and healthy lifestyle, with particular emphasis on cultivating healthy sleep habits. Such interventions hold promise for alleviating depressive symptoms, reducing the risk of depression, and maintaining the mental well-being of university students.

Investigation of the relationship between disasters and sleep problems in adolescents

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine relationship between disasters and sleep problems in adolescents. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 407 adolescents aged 10–18 years were included. The data were collected with Descriptive Characteristics Form, Disaster Fear Form, and Bergen Insomnia Scale. 86.5% of the adolescents had experienced at least one disaster. It was found that 67.3% of adolescents experienced sleep problems after disasters. A positive correlation was found between the mean scores of Fear Disaster Form and Bergen Insomnia Scale. In addition, mean Bergen Insomnia Scale scores of adolescents who experienced earthquakes, pandemic disease, traffic accidents, and floods were statistically higher than those who did not (p < 0.05). By screening for sleep problems in adolescents who have experienced disasters and planning and implementing appropriate interventions, adolescents who are already at risk for sleep problems can develop healthy sleep habits and prevent physiological, mental, and cognitive problems due to sleep problems.

Promoting healthy sleep in Chinese kindergarteners through a family-based intervention: protocol of the “Healthy Sleep” randomised controlled trial

BackgroundSleep is instrumental for growth and development in children, making it critical to establish healthy sleep habits from the earliest years of life. Many kindergarteners (3–6 years) in China have inadequate and poor sleep, necessitating targeted interventions. This research protocol details the “Healthy Sleep” intervention that was designed to promote healthy sleep among kindergarteners in China.MethodsThe “Healthy Sleep” intervention will be family-based and will support parents as change agents. The development of the intervention is based on evidence regarding correlates of sleep in young children and guided by Bandura’s social cognitive theory. A 12-month randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of the intervention for promoting healthy sleep in Chinese kindergarteners and the intervention's effects on child development outcomes. A targeted sample of 160 kindergarteners and their parents will be recruited through social media. The intervention group (n = 80) will receive monthly webinars for one year that include multiple intervention components – including educational training, goal setting and planning, as well as follow-up support sessions. The control group (n = 80) will receive videos of the recorded educational sessions after the study end. For primary outcomes, child sleep behaviours will be examined using the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire. For secondary outcomes, communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal-social, and problem-solving development will be examined using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire; executive functions will be examined using the Head, Toes, Knees, and Shoulders Revised tasks. Potential intervention mediators and covariates will be measured using a parental questionnaire. Mixed models will be conducted.DiscussionThis intervention targets sleep behaviours among kindergarteners in China. It has the potential to inform programs to support parents in helping their child establish healthy sleep habits from the earliest years of life. The study will provide high-quality experimental evidence on sleep behaviours in relation to development outcomes in kindergarteners. This evidence will inform family-based strategies to optimise early childhood development and inform national and international updates of the sleep recommendations for young children.Trial registrationThe trial was registered prospectively at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2300072105) on 2 June 2023.

Effect of quality of sleep on psychological health among college students with healthy patterns of sleeping

Surprisingly little, nevertheless is known about the connections between college students' usually healthy sleep habits and their state of mind. Previous studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between students' sleep problems and more severe mental health problems. It is critical to notice the connections between sleep and mental health in persons with usually sound sleeping routines since pupils' sleeping habits tend to decline as they get older, and even brief sleep troubles can have a substantial influence on the beginning of mental illnesses. 73 college students who typically had decent sleep patterns participated in the current study and provided information on their state of mind and sleeping habits. Despite the fact that people as a whole did not report any clinically relevant mental health issues, the general quality of sleep was associated with psychological wellness. A regression study shows that the link between total problems and clinically important indicators of psychological distress differs depending on the number of nocturnal sleep disruptions and the duration of the night's sleeping. These results highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between sleep and mental health among college students who typically get enough sleep. Not just because so many college students eventually have psychological issues and sleep troubles but also because, before they reach clinically concerning levels, it would be able to intervene and enhance psychological results.

Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.

Bedtime, sleep duration, and sleep quality and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: The Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the associations of bedtime and its combination with sleep duration and sleep quality with all-cause mortality. MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data collected from 2008 to 2018 in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Among 40,097 participants aged 62.1 on average at baseline, we applied Cox regression models to assess hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality risk. ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 8.2years, 4345 deaths were documented. U-shaped associations of bedtime and sleep duration with all-cause mortality were observed. Compared with bedtime between 10:01 PM and 11:00 PM, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality was 1.34 (1.20-1.49) for ≤9:00 PM, 1.18 (1.09-1.27) for 9:01-10:00 PM, and 1.50 (1.13-2.00) for >12:00 AM, respectively. Participants with sleep duration of <6, 6-<7, 8-<9, and ≥9 h/night had a respective 39%, 21%, 11%, and 25% higher all-cause mortality risk than those sleeping 7-<8 h/night. Additionally, participants with a healthy sleep score of 3, characterized as proper bedtime (10:01 PM-12:00 AM), moderate sleep duration (7-<8h/night), and good/fair sleep quality, had a significantly 36% (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.74) lower all-cause mortality risk than those with a score of 0. ConclusionsIndividuals with early or late bedtimes and short or long sleep duration were at higher all-cause mortality risks. Having healthy sleep habits may significantly reduce death risk.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeSleep disturbance has become a major challenge among adolescents worldwide. Substance use is among the most common factors contributing to sleep disturbance. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and categories of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use.MethodsWe comprehensively searched for relevant studies published in the following databases from inception to August 2022: CINHAL (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software. We used a random-effects model to pool prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Forest plots and p values for the Cochran Q statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to compare the groups and identify the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsWe examined 18 studies that reported insomnia, hypersomnolence, sleep-related breathing disorders as sleep disturbances among adolescents with the use of alcohol, smoking, marijuana, and coffee. The total sample was 124,554. The overall prevalence rate of sleep disturbance was 29% (95% CI: 0.201–0.403). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence rates of insomnia and hypersomnolence were higher among alcohol users (31%; 95% CI: 0.100–0.654) and smokers (46%; 95% CI: 0.232–0.700). The study design and method of assessment groups were the significant moderators that showed the source of variation in the included studies.ConclusionSleep disturbance is highly prevalent among adolescents with substance use. Insomnia and hypersomnolence are more prevalent among alcohol users and smokers, respectively. On the basis of our findings, health-care providers can develop effective targeted interventions to reduce substance use, prevent sleep disturbance, and promote healthy sleep habits among adolescents.

Sleep

Abstract: Sleep can impact health and performance. With increased knowledge about sleep hygiene and sleep disorders, nurses can teach patients practical behaviors and strategies to promote healthy sleep habits and assist their journey to healing and recovery.

Association of sleep behavior with depression: a cross-sectional study in northwestern China.

This study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration, sleep problems, and depression in Northwest China. Depression was diagnosed at the hospital and self-reported by the participants in the baseline survey. Sleep duration and problems, including difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, daytime dysfunction, use of sleeping pills or drugs, and any sleep problems, were obtained by a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for exploring the association between sleep duration, sleep problems, and depression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors. The association between depression and sleep duration was also evaluated continuously with restricted cubic spline curves based on logistic models. 36,515 adults from Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China were included. About 24.04% of participants reported short sleep duration (<7 h), and 15.64% reported long sleep duration (≥9 h). Compared with standard sleep duration (7-9 h), short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.26-2.27, p = 0.001). Self-reported sleep problems were also related to four times depression risk increased (OR: 4.02, 95%CI: 3.03-5.35, p < 0.001) compared with no sleep problems. In addition, a nonlinear relationship was found between sleep duration and depression after adjusting covariates (p = 0.043). Sleep duration and sleep problems are associated with depression. Enough sleep time and healthy sleep habits in life course might be a practical health promotion approach to reduce depression risk in Northwest Chinese adults. A further study from cohort study is needed to verify the temporal association.

0296 Feasibility of a Sleep Health Intervention Mobile App for Long-Term Sleep Tracking and Usability in Cargo Pilots

Abstract Introduction Cargo operations frequently require pilots to cross multiple time zones and operate during the night, both of which are fatigue risks. Operators may benefit from an mobile app that provides individual warnings based on prior sleep history. The SleepTank™ mobile app provides warnings about fatigue risk based on the wearer’s individual sleep data as measured by Fitbit devices. In this pilot study, 10 cargo operators provided feedback about the accuracy and usability of the app and up to 100 days of continuous sleep data. Methods Ten (N=10) experienced cargo pilots from a major operator volunteered to wear a Fitbit Versa 2 or Charge 5 to evaluate the app over three months (June-October 2022). Pilots completed a Qualtrics online survey about their perceptions of the app’s accuracy and usability in October 2022. Data for up to 100 days was extracted at the end of the study period. Sleep data was summed by date to provide a 24-hour estimate of time in bed (TIB24), total sleep time (TST24), daily sleep intervals (DSI), and average sleep efficiency (SE). Changes to sleep behavior over time were explored using mixed model linear regression. Results Cargo pilots (N=10) wore the device with the app for an average of 69±29 days (Range: 25-100 days). Pilots’ TIB24 was 455±111 minutes, TST24 for 400±98 min, and SE was 88±4%. Pilots normally slept once per day (DSI: 1.2±0.5). Pilots’ sleep behavior did not change significantly over the study period (all p&amp;gt; 0.4). All 10 rated the app as being useful, particularly for planning bedtimes and naps. 100% of the pilots rated SleepTank™ as accurate in predicting their fatigue levels. Conclusion Experienced cargo operators in this pilot study exhibited healthy sleep habits that were stable over the study period. Operators found the app useful and felt that app-provided fatigue ratings matched their perceived level of fatigue. App usage was not directly related to changes in objective sleep behavior but did validate operators’ experience of fatigue, which may lead to better identification of fatigue symptoms or proactive sleep planning to avoid periods of fatigue risk in the future. Support (if any) NA

Bedtime digital media use, sleep and fatigue among survivors of childhood cancer, their siblings and healthy control sibling pairs

ABSTRACT Bedtime digital media use (BDM) is linked to poor sleep and fatigue in many populations. Pediatric cancer patients have been observed to engage in BDM in clinical settings, but it is unknown whether BDM rates are higher in this population or how this impacts their sleep and fatigue during treatment and into survivorship. The goal of this study was to evaluate patterns of BDM and its relationship with sleep and fatigue in a sample of pediatric cancer survivors and to compare these patterns with children from their own family (i.e. siblings) and children from unaffected families (i.e. healthy matched controls and siblings of controls). Ninety-nine children (4 groups: 24 acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors, 13 survivor siblings, 33 controls, 29 control siblings) ages 8–18 were recruited from a long-term survivor clinic at a large children’s hospital and via community advertisements. Survivors were 2–7 years post-treatment (M = 4.80 years). Children’s BDM was parent-reported. Children completed 7 consecutive days of sleep actigraphy and the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Most survivors (66.67%) engaged in BDM; smartphones were the most common medium. BDM patterns were equivalent across survivors, their siblings, controls, and control siblings. Statistical trends suggested that BDM was associated with fewer minutes of sleep and greater fatigue for all children; these relationships were equivalent across groups. BDM was common among survivors, but usage was not different from their own siblings or compared to healthy control children and sibling pairs. This study underscores the importance of assessing bedtime digital media use in childhood cancer survivors, although other factors impacting sleep should be explored. Clinicians should emphasize established recommendations for healthy media use and sleep habits in pediatric oncology settings.

Is sleep longitudinally related to children's achievement, executive function and classroom behaviour?

AbstractIn this registered report, we evaluated how sleep is related to school functioning. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3002), we evaluated a series of structural equation models evaluating whether sleep at age 5 has a direct or indirect effect on academic achievement, executive function and classroom behaviour at age 9, and whether this relation is moderated by race or ethnicity, poverty, maternal education or disability. We found that sleep duration (but not other aspects of sleep health) had a direct, linear relation to attention problems, acting‐out behaviours and executive functions, as well as an indirect effect on academic achievement through executive functions. We also found that this model was moderated by disability, poverty, maternal education and race or ethnicity. Our results suggest that experiencing insufficient amounts of sleep may have a disproportionately negative effect on children with disabilities or children whose mothers received less education. Initiatives to promote healthy sleep habits, including increasing sleep duration among these groups, may thus also indirectly raise measures of achievement.

Longitudinal interplays between basic psychological need satisfaction and sleep among older adults in China

RationaleOlder people's sleep and associated health implications loom large in aging societies. Self-determination theory indicates lagged or immediate interplays between subjective sleep and satisfaction of basic psychological needs (for autonomy, relatedness, and competence). However, little is known about their longitudinal dynamics in later life. ObjectiveThis study investigated longitudinal reciprocities between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and subjective sleep for older people and controlled for six sociodemographic and health-related covariates. MethodThree waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011, 2014, and 2017) were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (N = 2,834, 52.68% women, Mean age = 78.36). Participants reported sleep quality and duration, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and sociodemographic and health characteristics. Four competing models were examined: Model A conceptualized lagged effects of sleep on need satisfaction and vice versa (i.e. cross-lagged design), Model B described immediate needs' effects on sleep but lagged opposite effects, Model C reversed Model B's specifications, and Model D portrayed concurrent feedback loops. ResultsIt was found that satisfaction of psychological needs and sleep quality declined over the seven-year span, but sleep length only fluctuated trivially. All models fitted the data well, where better sleep quality consistently predicted higher levels of need satisfaction, especially for relatedness and competence. Sleep interacted most robustly with relatedness: Models A, B, and C revealed positive lagged or immediate reciprocities between sleep quality and relatedness, and Model D yielded negative feedback loops between sleep length and relatedness. ConclusionsThe study identified longitudinal immediate or lagged interplays between need satisfaction and sleep for older people, especially concerning relatedness need. Implementation of need-supportive interventions and promotion of healthy sleep habits are necessary for healthy aging.