Healthy School Environment Research Articles

School Health Services Utilisation Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study assesses the utilisation of school health services in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria, with implications for primary healthcare among school children and the prevention of early-life preventable diseases. The research objectives include determining the level of school health service utilisation among secondary students in public and private schools, investigating barriers affecting utilisation, and examining the association between school type and service utilisation. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, sampling 300 students aged 10-19 from a population of 37,396 in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area. The study utilized a multi-stage sampling procedure and a self-structured questionnaire with sections on socio-demographic characteristics, utilisation assessment, and barriers. The instrument's validity was established through content and face validity procedures. Results indicate a higher utilisation of school health services in private schools compared to public schools, highlighting a deficit in human and material resources for qualitative school health programs. Weak collaboration between the health and education sectors was detected, contributing to suboptimal standards and dissatisfaction among beneficiaries. Factors such as logistical challenges and changing living areas were identified as potential contributors to poor health program implementation. Recommendations include intensified efforts by school management boards to ensure service utilisation, the creation and maintenance of healthy school environments, and increased family involvement in school health service policies.

Experimental Study of Indoor Air Quality in Educational Buildings: A Spanish Case Study

Ensuring good indoor air quality in the spaces within educational centres is essential for the health and academic performance of students. In this sense, studying the evolution of health pollutants and their relationship with the environmental parameters of indoor humidity and temperature presents a challenge for the design of more efficient and comfortable buildings with a lower risk of virus infection. In this work, the relationship between pollution levels and SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in the academic year 2021/22 is shown, comparing the pollution values measured on-site with the value of the official measuring stations of the Community of Madrid. In addition, the impact of ventilation measures implemented during this period is assessed, aiming to establish guidelines for ensuring a safer and healthier school environment. It was found that during winter months, when there is less outdoor ventilation, pollution levels exceeded the recommended limits, according to reference regulations. This highlights the need for interior conditioning strategies in educational spaces. Thus, this multidimensional approach, considering both airborne pollutants and weather conditions, provides a comprehensive perspective on indoor air quality in school buildings in the central area of a metropolitan city, such as the Community of Madrid.

Gambaran Pelaksanaan Trias Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah pada SD Inpres Boa di Kabupaten Rote Ndao

School Health Business needs to be run among other classes of school age community, school community comprising teachers, employees, students and parents of students being the most able to understand this. The need for coaching and guidance of children who are still in growth and development, health education through school is the most effective way compared to other efforts because schools are well organized and can spread modernization. This research aims to know the picture of the implementation of the TRIAS Business School Health At SD Inpres Bo’a District West Rote Regency Rote Ndao. The type of research used is observational descriptive research, the method used in this study is a survey method with data collection techniques using hacket. The data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis while the calculation used a percentage, sampling technique total sampling. The researchers took all samples with 32 of the teachers of 10, 2 employees and 20 students. The implementation of the UKS TRIAS Program at SD Inpres Bo’a has been running quite well with a percentage of 84.38% in the medium category. The principal and teacher are responsible and supportive in the coaching and development of TRIAS UKS in schools and engage in health education activities, health care and coaching of healthy school environments.

Systematic review on school health program and health-promoting schools in Southeast Asian region countries

Introduction: Studying the process and impact of interventions like Health Promoting Schools (HPS) is important for sustenance and policy changes. This calls for gathering evidence on the current status of school health programs at a larger level so as to identify barriers and opportunities to strengthen their implementation. Methodology: Systematic research using selected databases led to identification of 18 eligible studies (from 1979 to 2019). Results: The studies were from India (n = 12), Indonesia (n = 3), Thailand (n = 2), and Nepal (n = 1). Collectively, studies have assessed health services under domains of health education (n = 2), health services (n = 3), nutrition services (n = 6), healthy school environment (n = 4), disease control and prevention (n = 6), school and community collaboration (n = 5), risk factor management (n = 6), life skills education, mental health and well-being (n = 7), and health promotion for school staff (n = 1). Health promotion services provided under similar domains were not similar kind in all studies. Five studies reported student, teacher, administration, and parental level facilitators and barriers to service provision under school health/health-promoting interventions/programs. Lack of time, overburdening, poor support by parents, unhealthy behavior in schools, etc., were some of the barriers. Cooperation by stakeholders and behavior reinforcement and parental trust in school activities reflected potential facilitators. Conclusion: Implementation of global standards of health-promoting schools (HPSs) is variable. Service provision is not essentially under the school health program and is mostly restricted to school children only. The study can serve as baseline for the implementation of standards in Southeast Asian Region countries. Countries should build on this information. Recommendations: Policies may be framed to include global standards of HPSs, understanding that little change can bring about a larger impact.

Pembudidayaan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) Dalam Program Kampus Mengajar Batch V

SDN Sitanggal 04 is one of the schools in Si Date Village, which is located very strategically because it is directly opposite the provincial road which is used by many public transportations. The school is also not too far from a large and busy traditional market and close to places for shopping and family recreation, so the health condition of the school's environment is very vulnerable. Therefore, the attitude of caring for the environment must be applied from an early age. One of them is through the cultivation of family medicinal plants (TOGA) in the school environment. The purpose of this service is to foster an attitude of caring for the environment in students, create a healthy school environment, provide insight and skills to students about family medicinal plants (TOGA) and how to grow them. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The results of this service show that the attitude of caring for the environment, the insights and skills of students at SDN Sitanggal 04 are increasing regarding family medicinal plants (TOGA) and their planting.

MANAJEMEN USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU SEHAT SISWA

The non-optimal healthy behavior of junior high school (SMP) students in West Bandung Regency reflects the limited knowledge and weak attitudes of students in School Health Business Activities (UKS) through the implementation of health education, health services and the implementation of healthy education. The school environment is called TRIAS UKS. This research aims to determine and analyze the application of UKS in improving students’ healthy behavior so that middle school students’ learning effectiveness can be realized. UKS management that is not yet optimal and weak student healthy behavior has an impact on student achievement that is less effective. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The research results show that the planning of UKS activities in three junior high schools has not been based on the results of analysis of the school environment, both internal and external, as mandated in the central UKS guidelines, so that the planning results do not reflect the picture needed by the school. In organizing UKS coaching, schools try as much as possible to involve all school members, but the implementation is not yet supported by description and task mechanisms and does not refer to management indicators, resulting in overlapping activities. UKS mobilization has not been integrated with other programs so that the implementation of health education, health services and a healthy school environment is still partial. UKS control and supervision has been attempted by each school, but it is still not optimal due to weak control and supervision carried out by the District UKS Advisory Team and in accordance with UKS guidelines. The conclusion of the research generally shows that junior high schools in West Bandung Regency are still in Complete Stratification according to the TRIAS UKS indicator which describes the weak health behavior of junior high school students.

MANAJEMEN USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU SEHAT SISWA

The non-optimal healthy behavior of junior high school (SMP) students in West Bandung Regency reflects the limited knowledge and weak attitudes of students in School Health Business Activities (UKS) through the implementation of health education, health services and the implementation of healthy education. The school environment is called TRIAS UKS. This research aims to determine and analyze the application of UKS in improving students’ healthy behavior so that middle school students’ learning effectiveness can be realized. UKS management that is not yet optimal and weak student healthy behavior has an impact on student achievement that is less effective. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The research results show that the planning of UKS activities in three junior high schools has not been based on the results of analysis of the school environment, both internal and external, as mandated in the central UKS guidelines, so that the planning results do not reflect the picture needed by the school. In organizing UKS coaching, schools try as much as possible to involve all school members, but the implementation is not yet supported by description and task mechanisms and does not refer to management indicators, resulting in overlapping activities. UKS mobilization has not been integrated with other programs so that the implementation of health education, health services and a healthy school environment is still partial. UKS control and supervision has been attempted by each school, but it is still not optimal due to weak control and supervision carried out by the District UKS Advisory Team and in accordance with UKS guidelines. The conclusion of the research generally shows that junior high schools in West Bandung Regency are still in Complete Stratification according to the TRIAS UKS indicator which describes the weak health behavior of junior high school students.

Relación entre el nivel de violencia escolar y la autoestima de los estudiantes de primaria

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between school violence and self-esteem in 5th and 6th grade students of the Quillacollo Private Educational Unit "INS.PAR.QUI". The methodology used in this research is framed within the positivist paradigm, with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental design, adopting a descriptive correlational approach. After analyzing the results obtained, a Pearson correlation of -0.334 could be established, which indicates that There is a negative relationship between the two variables. This value suggests that as the level of self-esteem decreases, the level of school violence increases. Based on these results, it is concluded that it is essential to address this problem in the studied population, improving the school environment. Education and society in general must collaborate together to create safe and healthy school environments, promoting respect, empathy and the positive development of students' self-esteem.

PENDAMPINGAN OPTIMALISASI UNIT KESEHATAN SEKOLAH (UKS)

Community service activities aim to provide assistance in optimizing the School Health Efforts (UKS) to create healthy students. Schools can realize this by activating the school health business program which aims to improve optimal health so that it can maximize the potential and achievements of children in learning. The purpose of this community service is assistance to optimize UKS. The method of implementing community service activities in facilitating the optimization of UKS is through observing conditions and inventorying the needs for space and facilities for UKS and identifying the implementation of the UKS Trias. The instrument for measuring results uses a questionnaire. The results of the activity showed that the existing UKS room was not permanent and was still one with the school principal's room. The medical equipment at the UKS only consists of simple beds and first aid kits. The implementation of the UKS Triassic found that the implementation of health education and counseling in schools was included in the poor category; the implementation of health services is included in the less category; and the implementation of a healthy school environment is included in the less category so the solutions provided are assistance in procuring UKS space and equipment and socialization of the UKS Triassic. UKS activities are important for school health efforts, so monitoring and evaluation need to be carried out on an ongoing basis.

Little doctor training at SDN 4 Kertaharja

Elementary school-age children are a group at high risk of disease because they are still in the growth and development stage. The lack of understanding about clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) and its application within the school sphere is the main contributing factor. PHBS is the most basic thing to prevent the onset of a disease. The school health unit (UKS) program can help improve the quality of education, health as well as student achievement. The UKS and PHBS programs need to be synergized with elementary school-age children. The hope is to achieve a healthy school environment, student growth and optimal development. One of the main programs of this community service is smart village through training of little doctors for students of SDN 4 in Kertaharja Village, Pangandaran. The method used is in the form of giving a pre-test at the beginning of the activity, then providing education about PHBS and UKS management. After that, a post-test was carried out on 12 students. According to the evaluation, there is an increase in knowledge from 63.75% to 74.16%. Based on these activities, it can be concluded that there is an increase in students' knowledge after education.

Implementation of School Health Business (SHB) at State Elementary School (ES) Siulak Mukai District, Kerinci District

Introduction: School Health Business is a public health business carried out in schools with students and the school community. Objective: The purpose of this SHB program is to improve the quality of education and learning achievement of students who pay attention to healthy behavior and living environment. Method: This study uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive observational approach. Result and Discussion: The results of this study in the aspect of health education Health education was provided from the Public Health Center, but it did not run optimally, because it was not continued continuously and not all schools had the opportunity to attend small doctor training in health education efforts. Conclusion: Health education is not optimal because not all schools can conduct counseling independently and small doctor training is not entirely given to ES in Siulak Mukai District, Health services are not optimal, because facilities and infrastructure are not adequate in some of the schools studied, not all ES in Siulak Mukai District have a healthy school environment.

Mental health knowledge and classroom experiences of school teachers in Aragon, Spain.

Research shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood but are sometimes not diagnosed until later years. School-age children spend much of their time in schools and have daily interactions with school teachers. Examine school teachers' experiences of mental disorders in school going children and adolescents and their associated mental health training needs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with teachers in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools. A convenience sample of 685 teachers responded to the online survey. Participants worked in both urban and rural areas and in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools. Over half of participants reported classroom experiences of learner mental disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, conduct disorders or autism. Most participants acknowledged a training need, both in recognition of symptoms of mental disorders and in care resources and processes. However, 80% of respondents reported having not received any training in this regard. Participant preferences for training included face-to-face or hybrid - combined online learning. Participants also considered the management of their own mental health to be deficient, therefore any training should incorporate personal mental health awareness and self-help strategies. In Aragón (Spain), teachers of children and adolescents with mental disorders, recognize a need for training in the identification of symptoms and other aspects of mental healthcare, such as availability and access to services. Protocols for early identification and referral would promote mentally healthy school environments and reduce stigma which could be a barrier to timely intervention. In addition, any training should include mental health self-care for teachers.

Community health workers' perspectives on integrating into school settings to support student health.

While schools represent key venues for supporting health, they continue to experience gaps in health resources. The integration of community health workers (CHWs) into schools has the potential to supplement these resources but has been underexplored. This study is the first to examine perspectives of experienced CHWs about how CHWs can be applied in school settings to support student health. This qualitative study involved conducting semi-structured interviews focused on implementation of CHWs in schools with individuals who held positions aligned with the CHW scope of work. De-identified transcripts were analyzed, and codes were organized into domains and themes. Among 14 participants, seven domains emerged about the implementation of CHWs in schools: roles and responsibilities, collaborations, steps for integration, characteristics of successful CHWs, training, assessment, and potential challenges. Participants shared various potential responsibilities of school-based CHWs, including educating on health topics, addressing social determinants of health, and supporting chronic disease management. Participants emphasized the importance of CHWs building trusting relationships with the school community and identified internal and external collaborations integral to the success of CHWs. Specifically, participants indicated CHWs and schools should together determine CHWs' responsibilities, familiarize CHWs with the school population, introduce CHWs to the school community, and establish support systems for CHWs. Participants identified key characteristics of school-based CHWs, including having familiarity with the broader community, relevant work experience, essential professional skills, and specific personal qualities. Participants highlighted trainings relevant to school-based CHWs, including CHW core skills and health topics. To assess CHWs' impact, participants proposed utilizing evaluation tools, documenting interactions with students, and observing indicators of success within schools. Participants also identified challenges for school-based CHWs to overcome, including pushback from the school community and difficulties related to the scope of work. This study identified how CHWs can have a valuable role in supporting student health and the findings can help inform models to integrate CHWs to ensure healthy school environments.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Methodist 2 Palembang High School Student towards Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS)

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Clean and Healthy Lifestyle or namely PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) in Indonesia is a program from the Indonesian Ministry of Health that has been implemented since 1996. PHBS in school settings is very important to be realized in order to create a clean and healthy school environment so that the learning and teaching process can run effectively.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Methodist 2 High School students towards PHBS. In addition, this study also aims to see the relationship between PHBS knowledge and attitudes towards PHBS behavior in Methodist 2 Palembang High school students</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study uses a cross-sectional study involving 216 students obtained by calculating unpaired categorical analytic samples. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed online via google form. The data obtained were processed using Chi Square through the SPSS 25.</p><strong>Result:</strong> There were 216 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The sample consisting of female (n=124 (57.4%)) and male (n=92 (42.6%)) and distributed evenly from 1st grade to 3rd grade (1<sup>st</sup> grade n=65 (30.1%), 2nd grade n=75 (34.7%), 3rd grade n=76 (35.2%)). Using average value as cut off point (12.7), most of the students of Methodist 2 Palembang high school had a sufficient knowledge of PHBS (n=132 (61%) and the rest of it had insufficient knowledge of PHBS (n=84 (38,9%)). With median value (57.6) as the cut-off point, it showed that most of the students had a sufficient PHBS attitude (n=118 (54.6%)) and the rest of it had insufficient attitude of PHBS (n=98 (45,5%)). With average value (13.2) as cut off point, most of the students had insufficient PHBS behavior (n=102 (52.8%)) and the rest of it had sufficient behavior of PHBS (n=102 (42,7%)). The results of the analysis found that there was no significant relationship between knowledge and PHBS behavior among Methodist 2 Palembang high school students (p value = 0.744) and there was a significant relationship between PHBS attitudes towards PHBS behavior among Methodist 2 Palembang high school students (p value = <0.001).

Socialization of Fermentation Technology on Eco Enzymes as Raw Materials for Agro-industry at Muhammadiyah 3 Jember Senior High School

Waste is a daily problem for human life in the world, this is because waste production occurs every day. The increase in the amount of waste per day causes various diseases that will have a more dangerous health impact on both humans and the environment for the next generation. A clean and healthy school environment will support a good teaching and learning process. Muhammadiyah 3 Jember Senior High School is one of the schools that is always developing to become a model school in Jember Regency. However, based on the results of preliminary observations, organic waste management has not been implemented. Eco enzymes are natural multi-purpose liquids, which are fermented from sugar, fruit/vegetable residues, and water. Eco enzymes can be liquids that provide many benefits for households, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Basically, Eco enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions in nature to produce useful enzymes using fruit or vegetable waste. This enzyme from "waste" is one way of waste management that utilizes kitchen scraps for something very useful. The purpose of this community service activity is to introduce fermentation technology to Eco enzymes through increased participation in waste management. This activity was carried out in the form of direct socialization and training to 46 students. The resource person explained the material using the lecture and discussion method, then the participants directly practiced making Eco enzymes. Based on the results of observations of community service activities, students have not implemented organic waste management.

Evaluation of the School Health Services (UKS) Role through the Pattern of Cooperation with the Community Health Centers in Creating a Healthy and Clean School Environment

This study aims at analyzing the role of the School Health Services (UKS) through the cooperation of the Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in creating a healthy school environment. This study used an observational method by designing a cross-sectional analysis to analyze the implementation of the School Health Services (UKS) Triad Programs in Elementary School Units in Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, namely Kebonagung Elementary School, Nogosari Elementary School, and Pucung Elementary School. The research respondents were decided using a purposive sampling of school health business stakeholders from the education sector (office, school principals, teachers, and those in charge of UKS), the health sector, sub-district level government, and parents or guardians of students. SD Negeri Nogosari and SD Negeri Pucung were schools categorized as good in the management of the School Health Business Unit. These three public elementary schools have also collaborated with parents or guardians, Community Health Centers, and the surrounding community in implementing the School Health Services (UKS) Triad Programs.Keywords: Evaluation; School Health Services; Elementary Schools; Triad Programs

Shifting school environment policies: A Deleuzian problematisation of universal rights in Norwegian education

The learning environment of students is a fundamental part of school life, both socially and academically. The ambition to create a school serving the best interests of all children is explored by analysing key concepts encompassing students’ right to a healthy school environment, and examining how this discourse has unfolded over five decades in Norway. A conceptual analysis concerning the school environment, inspired by Deleuze and Guattari, is proposed and introduced as ‘regulative vector concepts’. The article examines key changes regarding students’ school environment, shifting from work environment to learning environment. As one consequence of the conceptual shifts, the individual rights of students have been ensured, such as through recent amendments in regulation. These concepts are understood as potential answers to already existing problems that policy and regulation attempt to encompass by producing new concepts, new policy and regulation.

Youth voices creating healthy eating and physically active environments in schools

Objective: The objectives of this study were to (1) measure the acceptability of Students As LifeStyle Activists (SALSA) Youth Voices (SYV) programme, (2) determine the skills gained by peer leaders from their participation in SYV and (3) determine whether peer leaders were able to design and implement an action to promote healthy eating and physical activity in their school. Design: Process evaluation. Setting: Peer leaders (aged 15–16 years) from high schools in Western Sydney, Australia. Method: We conducted a process evaluation to determine the reasons why students participated in SYV, which workshop activities they enjoyed, the skills they gained from participating in SYV and whether the actions were designed and implemented. Peer leaders completed an online survey at the end of the Leadership Day. The peer leaders then presented their actions at an SYV Action Day event and completed a further online survey. Results: Eighty-four peer leaders from seven high schools in Western Sydney participated in SYV. Peer leaders reported their involvement with the SYV programme as positive, with 68% rating it as ‘very valuable’. Skills gained by the peer leaders included teamwork (90%), communication (85%), leadership (77%) and confidence (65%). Peer leaders planned and devised actions, which included installing water refill stations, fitting the school gymnasium with new equipment, redesigning girls’ sports shorts, and other strategies to engage girls in physical activity. Students from all seven schools presented their actions to receive feedback and expressed confidence that their actions were sustainable. Conclusion: The SYV programme showed that providing peer leaders with ownership of their actions was successful in creating healthy school environments, while building leadership, teamwork, communication skills and confidence in adolescents.

Implementation Adiwiyata Program in Shaping the Environmental Care Character of Senior High School Students

Abstract: The Adiwiyata Program is a government effort to address the crucial issue of environmental preservation, which directly impacts the quality of human life. This research explores student participation in participatory-based environmental activities within the Adiwiyata program. The study was conducted among senior high school students using a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews and documentation due to the pandemic's limitations on extracurricular activities and online learning. The implementation of the program in senior high schools was carried out through four activity programs: building maintenance, land and facility utilization based on environmental protection and management principles, development of environmentally-focused extracurricular activities, and environmental action activities to commemorate environmental days. The Adiwiyata program has had a positive impact on schools and student behavior, resulting in a clean, beautiful, healthy, and comfortable school environment, increased awareness of environmental cleanliness, and good participation of students in environmental management activities.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik Sanitasi dan Higiene Perorangan pada Siswa SMK

Background: Sanitation and personal hygiene through the School Health Effort aims to improve students' ability to live a healthy life and health status, as well as create a healthy school environment in an effort to form healthy Indonesian people. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, the role of parents and the role of the school with sanitation and personal hygiene practices. Methods: This type of research is explanatory research to explain the relationship between research variables through hypothesis testing. The research subjects were students of PP Assyyafiiyah Vocational School, Kendal Regency. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Sampling with simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis of Product Moment correlation. Results: : The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene and sanitation practices of students (r = 0.566; p = 0.000), there was a relationship between attitudes and personal hygiene and sanitation practices of students (r = 0.823; p = 0.000), there was a relationship between parental roles and sanitation and personal hygiene practices of students (r = 0.754 ; p = 0.000), there is a relationship between the role of schools and sanitation and personal hygiene practices of students (r = 0.698; p value = 0.000). Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, parental roles and school roles have a significant relationship with individual sanitation and hygiene practices.