Healthcare-associated Infections In Patients Research Articles

Implementing a Personalized Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Women with Gynecological Cancers and Healthcare-Associated Infections.

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in gynecologic cancer patients, requiring personalized cures. A retrospective study on gynecologic patients with HCAIs, managed through an antimicrobial stewardship program, was performed, focusing on rates of clinical cure, breakthrough/relapse of infections, death, and time of hospital stay (THS). In total, 27 patients (median 60 years, mainly suffering from ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer) were evaluated by a specialist in infectious diseases and were mainly diagnosed with complicated urinary tract (cUTIs, 12 cases, 44.4%) and bloodstream infections (BSIs, 9 cases, 33.3%). A total of 15 cases (11 cUTIs, 73.3%) were managed with no need for hospitalization and received a median of 11 days of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). In the remaining 12 cases (BSIs in 8 cases, 66.7%), the median THS was 11 days, with 15 days median overall duration of antimicrobial therapy (median 5-day reduction in THS). The management of patients also included source control and wound care. All patients reached clinical cure, with no case of breakthrough infection, one case of relapse, and one death within 30 days (not attributable to the infection). HCAIs in patients with gynecologic tumors can be managed through a patient-centered, multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship program.

Comparing the Occurrence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients with and without COVID-19 Hospitalized during the Pandemic: A 16-Month Retrospective Cohort Study in a Hospital Intensive Care Unit

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the healthcare-associated infection (HAI) risk in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, a comparison between patients with and without COVID-19 in terms of HAI incidence has been rarely explored. In this study, we characterized the occurrence of HAI among patients with and without COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of the Umberto I hospital of Rome during the first 16 months of the pandemic and also identified risk factors for HAI acquisition. Patients were divided into four groups according to their ICU admission date. A multivariable conditional risk set regression model for multiple events was constructed for each admission period. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall, 352 COVID-19 and 130 non-COVID-19 patients were included, and a total of 361 HAIs were recorded. We found small differences between patients with and without COVID-19 in the occurrence and type of HAI, but the infections in the two cohorts mostly involved different microorganisms. The results indicate that patient management was likely an important factor influencing the HAI occurrence during the pandemic. Effective prevention and control strategies to reduce HAI rates should be implemented.

Incidence of hospital acquired infections in paediatric emergency unit–A one year longitudinal observational study

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. This prospective surveillance study was performed to estimate the burden of HAIs in a paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: First, to know the incidence rate of HAIs in patients admitted to pediatric emergency and second, to isolate and identify bacteria causing HAIs with special emphasis on their antibiotic sensitivity. Methods: The prospective study was conducted in a fourteen-bedded paediatric emergency of a tertiary care hospital for one year. Patients were assessed daily during their stay in emergency ward. Data pertaining to device usage, length of stay (LOS), antibiotic usage, clinical outcome was recorded for the patients admitted for more than 48 hours. On clinical suspicion of HAI appropriate samples were investigated for bacterial infection and their antibiotic susceptibility was analysed. Statistical analysis was expressed in percentages and outcome variables were calculated using Mann Whitney U test. Results: Of the 410 patients, 5 patients developed 8 episodes of HAI with crude incidence rate (CIR) of 1.95%. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was the commonest HAI. The mean LOS of patients with HAI was 49.8 + 30.73 days. Gram negative bacilli were the most common isolated pathogens in the HAI subset. Multidrug resistance trait was seen in most of the isolates. Conclusions: Low CIR in the study population can be attributed to aggressive initial empirical antibiotic management of all patients and limited stay in emergency unit. In congruence with other studies, mean LOS of HAI patients was very high. Key Message: Prevention of HAI is a team work, wherein each health care provider should follow the hospital protocol. Length of hospital stay and instrumentation were found to be the major risk factors for HAI. Microbiology laboratory support facilitates timely identification of the pathogen and an effective management of HAI.

One-Year Surveillance of Surgical Site Infections at a Tertiary Care Surgical Center in Egypt

Surgical site infections are the commonest type of healthcare-associated infections in patients undergoing surgery, with higher overall cost and prolonged duration of hospital stay, although they are largely preventable.

Point prevalence survey of health-care associated infections and their risk factors in the tertiary-care referral hospitals of Southern Tunisia.

Health-care associated infections (HAI) are considered a public health problem and have substantial effect on mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HAI in South Tunisian University Hospitals (UH) and to identify their risk factors. We performed a point prevalence study, in the UH of Southern Tunisia in February 2019, including all hospitalized patients for at least 48 hours. Overall, 898 patients were included in this survey, among whom 480 participants (53.5%) were males. There were 81 HAIs, accounting for a prevalence of HAI of 9.02%. Urinary tract infections (28.4%) were the most common HAI, followed by respiratory tract infections (22.2%). The main identified microorganisms among HAI patients were Klebsiella pneumonia (22.7%) and Escherichia coli (20.7%). Independent intrinsic risk factors of high prevalence of HAI were diabetes (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=3.5;p=0.016) having a rapidly fatal disease (AOR=4;p=0.024) and an ASA scores ≥2 (AOR=2.8;p=0.045). As for extrinsic risk factors, admission in ICU (AOR=11.1;p= 0.04), a length of hospital stay ≥ 7 days (AOR=4.1;p=0.04), previous hospitalization within 90 days prior to the admission (AOR=4.2;p=0.01) and having a peripheral vascular catheter (AOR=6.7; p=0.039) were independently associated with higher prevalence of HAI. Lower prevalence of HAI was independently associated with prescription of antimicrobial preoperative prophylaxis (AOR= 0.1; p=0.02). Our findings illustrated high prevalence of HAI in South Tunisian Hospitals, affecting principally fragilized patients who may require special needs. Therefore, promoting hygiene programs for health professionals to establish patient safety's culture is urgently needed.

Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in urology.

The purpose of the present review is to report the incidence and characteristics of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) in urology with their microbiological and resistance patterns. Urinary tract infections are the main type of healthcare-associated infection in patients hospitalized in a urology ward. Patients admitted to urology departments report a high prevalence of urinary tract catheterization, up to 75% during the hospitalization period, and up to 20% had a urinary catheter before admission. An endourological surgical procedure is another risk factor for HAUTIs. Other risk factors for HAUTIs are the presence of immunosuppression and previous urinary tract infections.In urological patients, Enterobacterales are the principal causative agent of HAUTIs, and E. coli is the most frequently isolated microorganism. However, there is also a high rate of microorganisms other than E. coli such as Klebsiella spp. and Enterococcus spp. Non-E. coli microorganisms show a higher prevalence in immunosuppressed patients and those with urinary catheters before admission. High resistance patterns are reported in patients with HAUTIs, and ESBL-producing bacteria are frequently described. Moreover, the isolation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms is more common in immunosuppressed patients, those with previous urinary tract infections, and urinary catheters into the upper urinary tract. Treatment must be tailored according to patient characteristics and patient profiles, bearing in mind the ORENUC classification for risk factors (no risk factors (O), recurrent urinary tract infections risk factors (R), extraurogenital risk factors (E), nephropathic disease (N), urological risk factors (U), permanent urinary catheter and non-resolvable urological risk factors (C)).

Incidence rate and risk factors of central line-associated bloodstream infections among neonates and children admitted to a tertiary care university hospital

Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a common healthcare-associated infection in patients indwelling central venous catheter (CVC). This study examined the incidence rates, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of CLABSI among neonates (aged < 1 month) and children (aged ≥ 1 month) admitted to a tertiary care university hospital. An overall CLABSI incidence rate was 3.2 per 1,000 catheter-days. Number of CVC lumen and place of catheter insertion were a significant risk factor among our neonates and children, respectively. CLABSI prolonged hospitalization and increased hospital costs.

Surgical site infection after open and laparoscopic surgery in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common healthcare-associated infections in patients undergoing surgery. Various randomised control trials (RCTs) indicate that laparoscopic procedures can be associated with better outcomes compared to open procedures. However, how open versus laparoscopic approaches compare across various paediatric procedures with respect to SSI rate remains poorly defined. In this review, we examined RCTs that directly compare SSI rates after open versus laparoscopic operations for appendicitis, gastro-esophageal reflux, inguinal hernia, and pyloric stenosis. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs comparing four types of open versus laparoscopic operations in children. The operations included appendectomy, fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux, inguinal hernia repair, or pyloromyotomy. 364 records were identified and screened, 54 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 17 RCTs were included in the analysis. SSI rate was the primary outcome. Operative time and length of stay (LOS) were the secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. Laparoscopic appendectomy had a lower SSI rate than open appendectomy (odds ratio of 2.22 [1.19, 4.15] p = 0.01). Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux, inguinal hernia repair, or pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis were not associated with lower SSI rate compared to open surgery. Operative time was shorter in open fundoplication (- 71.22 min [- 89.79, - 52.65] p < 0.00001) than laparoscopic fundoplication. There was no significant difference in operative time of any of the other procedures. There was no significant difference in LOS between open and laparoscopic procedures for all types of operations analysed. Based on the findings of this review, it is recommended to utilise the laparoscopic approach over the open approach to reduce SSI risk in paediatric appendectomy.

The Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients Undergoing Oncological Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Prospective Multicentre Study.

Simple SummaryHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) result in an increased morbidity and a delay in adjuvant therapy—thus increasing the cancer recurrence rates—in patients undergoing oncological microvascular head and neck reconstruction. HAIs also result in a cost increase for the Health System. We prospectively analysed the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and impacts of these infections in 65 patients undergoing head and neck free-flap reconstruction in three third-level university hospitals in Madrid (Spain). The three of them implemented the same antibiotic prophylactic regimen for surgical interventions. The rate of HAIs was 61.54%. The following complications were significantly more frequent in patients with HAIs: need to reoperate (p = 0.009), duration of hospital admission (p < 0.001) and delay in starting radiotherapy (p = 0.009). This manuscript aims to point out the importance of preventing HAIs in head and neck cancer patients, as they have shown a higher risk of postoperative complications.(1) Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) after head and neck free-flap reconstruction are a common postoperative complication. Risk factors for HAIs in this context and their consequences have not been adequately described. (2) Methods: Ongoing prospective multicentre study between 02/2019 and 12/2020. Demographic characteristics and outcomes were analysed, focusing on infections. (3) Results: Forty out of 65 patients (61.54%) suffered HAIs (surgical site infection: 52.18%, nosocomial pneumonia: 23.20%, bloodstream infection: 13% and urinary tract infection: 5.80%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently implicated. The significant risk factors for infection were: previous radiotherapy (Odds ratio (OR): 5.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39–21.10), anaemia (OR: 8.00; 95% CI, 0.96–66.95), salvage surgery (eight out of eight patients), tracheostomy (OR: 2.86; 95% CI, 1.01–8.14), surgery duration (OR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02), microvascular reoperation <72 h (eight/eight) and flap loss (eight/eight). The major surgical complications were: a need to reoperate (OR: 6.89; 95% CI, 1.42–33.51), prolonged hospital admission (OR: 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06–1.27) and delay in the initiation of postoperative radiotherapy (OR: 9.07; 95% CI, 1.72–47.67). The sixth month mortality rate in patients with HAIs was 7.69% vs. 0% in patients without HAIs (p = 0.50). (4) Conclusions: HAIs were common after this type of surgery, many of them caused by resistant microorganisms. Some modifiable risk factors were identified. Infections played a role in cancer prognosis by delaying adjuvant therapy.

Predisposing factors and impact of healthcare-associated infections in patients with status epilepticus.

Few studies have evaluated the incidence, predisposing factors and impact of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in relation to outcomes among patients with status epilepticus (SE). To investigate the variables associated with development of HCAIs among patients with SE and the impact of factors relating to HCAIs on mortality at three months. This study was a retrospective analysis on our prospectively collected dataset, from November 2015 to January 2019. The sample included all consecutive patients diagnosed with SE who were treated at Hospital Eugenio Espejo during that period. In total, 74 patients were included. Clinical variables such as age, etiology of SE, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), hospital length of stay, refractory SE (RSE) and outcomes were analyzed. HCAIs were diagnosed in 38 patients (51.4%), with a preponderance of respiratory tract infection (19; 25.7%). Prolonged hospital length of stay (OR=1.09; 95%CI 1.03-1.15) and CCI≥2 (OR=5.50; 95%CI 1.37-22.10) were shown to be independent variables relating to HCAIs. HCAIs were associated with an increased risk of mortality at three months, according to Cox regression analysis (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.08-4.58), and with infection caused by Gram-negative microorganisms (OR=3.17; 95%CI 1.20-8.39). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that HCAIs had a negative impact on the survival rate at three months (log rank=0.025). HCAIs are a common complication among Ecuadorian patients with SE and were related to a lower survival rate at three months. Prolonged hospital length of stay, RSE and CCI≥2 were associated with the risk of developing HCAIs.

Healthcare-associated infections among patients hospitalized for cancers of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx

IntroductionThe negative consequences of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) on the burden of illness (BOI) of cancer patients are well-established. However, there is a paucity of research on HAI among cancers of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx (CLOCP), and whether HAI-related BOI differed for other common solid tumors–malignant neoplasm of the colon (MNC) and malignant neoplasm of the lung (MNL). MethodsWe utilized the United States' National Inpatient Sample database 2017 to study longitudinal inpatient hospital stay of CLOCP, MNC and MNL. Patient demographics and hospital characteristics of patients were assessed, and the impact of HAI-related BOI compared based on differences in length of hospital stays (LOS), total charges during hospitalization and mortality were compared. FindingsIn 2017, of the 54,934 patients with CLOCP, 1.2% had HAI, compared to MNC (n=64,470) with 2% HAI and MNL (n=154,685) with 1.2% HAI. In adjusted multivariable regression analysis, we determined CLOCP patients with HAI had LOS of 5.6 days longer (95% CIs, 3.0–8.2 days, P < 0.001), and hospitalization charges of $40,341 higher (95%CIs 15,715–64,967, P < 0.01) than the non-HAI CLOCP patients. Mortality was not significantly different among HAI and non-HAI CLOCP patients (odds ratio: 0.80; 95%CIs 0.35–1.87, P = 0.6). In unadjusted analysis, LOS and total charges were higher for CLOCP-HAI patients vs. MNC-HAI or MNL-HAI patients. ConclusionHAI in patients with CLOCP patients were associated with an increased BOI, and this is considerably higher than observed in patients with MNC or MNL patients who had HAI.

Infection factors related to nursing procedures in Intensive Care Units: a scoping review

to identify and map the invasive procedures performed by nursing that can cause Healthcare-Associated Infections in patients in Intensive Care Units. this is a scoping review carried out in the first half of 2018, based on search for studies in national and international databases, in which 2,209 studies were found, of which 35 constituted the final sample. The data were analyzed and organized by simple descriptive statistics. among the invasive procedures performed by nursing that provide Healthcare-Associated Infections, delayed bladder catheter was indicated in 34 (66.67%) studies, the nasogastric catheter in 10 (19.61%) and the nasoenteral catheter in two (03.92%). in the face of such problems, better nursing planning and guidance for care in these invasive techniques becomes relevant and thus minimizes the incidence of infections.

Incidence of healthcare-associated infections in patients with fever during the first 48 hours after decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Fevers following decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation often trigger an infectious workup; however, the yield of this workup is unknown. We investigated the incidence of post-veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decannulation fever as well as the incidence and nature of healthcare-associated infections in this population within 48 hours of decannulation. All patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory failure who survived to decannulation between August 2014 and November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Trauma patients and bridge to lung transplant patients were excluded. The highest temperature and maximum white blood cell count in the 24 hours preceding and the 48 hours following decannulation were obtained. All culture data obtained in the 48 hours following decannulation were reviewed. Healthcare-associated infections included blood stream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. A total of 143 patients survived to decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and were included in the study. In total, 73 patients (51%) were febrile in the 48 hours following decannulation. Among this cohort, seven healthcare-associated infections were found, including five urinary tract infections, one blood stream infection, and one ventilator-associated pneumonia. In the afebrile cohort (70 patients), four healthcare-associated infections were found, including one catheter-associated urinary tract infection, two blood stream infections, and one ventilator-associated pneumonia. In all decannulated patients, the majority of healthcare-associated infections were urinary tract infections (55%). No central line-associated blood stream infections were identified in either cohort. When comparing febrile to non-febrile cohorts, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-decannulation highest temperature (p < 0.001) but not maximum white blood cell count (p = 0.66 and p = 0.714) between the two groups. Among all positive culture data, the most commonly isolated organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (41.7%) followed by Escherichia coli (33%). Median hospital length of stay and time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were shorter in the afebrile group compared to the febrile group; however, this did not reach a statistical difference. Fever is common in the 48 hours following decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Differentiating infection from non-infectious fever in the post-decannulation veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation population remains challenging. In our febrile post-decannulation cohort, the incidence of healthcare-associated infections was low. The majority were diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. We believe obtaining cultures in febrile patients in the immediate decannulation period from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has utility, and even in the absence of other clinical suspicion, should be considered. However, based on our data, a urinalysis and urine culture may be sufficient as an initial work up to identify the source of infection.

Severe trauma patients and nursing practice-associated infections.

Our study examined factors influencing the development of healthcare-associated infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in southern Spain. Healthcare-associated infections are a frequent adverse event, significantly lengthening patient stays in the ICU. Nursing practice is a key factor in the infection control process. A retrospective longitudinal study with two observation periods (admission and discharge) was performed in an ICU of a tertiary hospital. We analysed patient records for those admitted to this unit coded as CIE 800-959.9 from 2012 to 2016. Using binomial logistic regression analysis, we analysed factors associated with healthcare-associated infections. We analysed 375 records (men: 78.1%; average age: 46.63 years). Of these, 9.2% patients acquired a healthcare-associated infection during their stay. Nursing practice-related factors significantly associated with the development of infection were the number of days connected to mechanical ventilation and the number of days in the ICU. Healthcare-associated infections in patients with severe trauma admitted to the ICU are mainly associated with the management of invasive techniques. A multidisciplinary approach should focus on the review of action and care plans.

A Systematic Review of Healthcare-Associated Infectious Organisms in Medical Radiation Science Departments.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant occupational risk to medical radiation science (MRS) professionals, who have a high degree of patient contact. Current research largely focusses on HAIs in patients, with limited attention given to infectious organisms that MRS professionals are exposed to. This is a significant gap that this systematic review seeks to address by summarizing current literature to determine the infectious organisms within MRS departments, their reservoirs, and transmission modes. Reporting of this systematic review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Five databases were searched (Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) for relevant studies published between 1983 and 2018. Quality assessment was performed using checklists from the Johanna Briggs Institute. Nineteen studies were included in the review; twelve of which were set in diagnostic radiography departments, two in radiotherapy departments, and five in non-MRS departments. No studies were set in nuclear medicine departments, indicating a gap in the available literature. A total of 19 genera of infectious organisms were identified in the literature, with Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium reported in all MRS departments. Infectious organisms were identified in all observational studies, indicating a need for better infection control methods and/or compliance training within MRS to minimize the risk of infections.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infection in elderly patients in a large Chinese tertiary hospital: a 3-year surveillance study

BackgroundWe analyzed the results of a 3-year surveillance study on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of healthcare associated-infections (HAIs) in elderly inpatients in a large tertiary hospital in China.MethodsReal-time surveillance was performed from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. All HAIs were identified by infection control practitioners and doctors. Inpatient data were collected with an automatic surveillance system.ResultsA total of 134,637 inpatients including 60,332 (44.8%) elderly ≥60 years were included. The overall incidence of HAI was 2.0%. The incidence of HAI in elderly patients was significantly higher than that in non-elderly patients (2.6% vs. 1.5%, χ2 = 202.421, P < 0.01) and increased with age. The top five sites of HAIs in the elderly were the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood stream, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and surgical site. The five most common pathogens detected in elderly HAI patients were Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the elderly was lower than in the non-elderly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections were more common in elderly patients, and the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection was similar between groups. The numbers of male patients and patients with comorbidities and special medical procedures (e.g., intensive care unit admission, cerebrovascular disease, brain neoplasms, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignant tumor, malignant hematonosis, and osteoarthropathy) were significantly higher in the elderly group, but the number of patients who underwent surgery was lower.ConclusionWe observed a significantly higher overall incidence of HAI in elderly inpatients ≥60 compared to non-elderly inpatients < 60 years, but the trend was different for device-associated HAIs, which was attributed to the higher rates of comorbidities and special medical procedures in the elderly group. The main HAI sites in elderly inpatients were the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and bloodstream, and the main pathogens were gram-negative bacilli and Candida albicans.

Çocuk cerrahisi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde sağlık bakımı ilişkili enfeksiyonlar ve risk faktörleri

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the infectious agents, risk factors and prevalance of the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients treated at surgical neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: Patients were examined for application date, sex, mode of delivery, birth weight, gestation age, age at admission, hospital stay, hospitalization at another center, the provinces they come, surgery, developement of sepsis, use of TPN (Total parenteral nutrition), application of chest tube, endotracheal intubation, urinary catheter use, nasal or oral catheter use, application of abdominal drains, central catheter application, oral feeding time, laboratory parameters, degree of surgical stress and the nature of wounds. Results: Low birth weight, prior hospitalisation at another center, high degree of surgical stres, TPN use and duration, chest tube application and duration, endotracheal intubation and duration, urinary catheterisation and duration, central cathetery, application of abdominal drains at surgery, duration of nasal-oral catheterisation and the duration of nonenteral feding were found as risk factors of HAIs. Sepsis was detected at 57 of HAIs patients and 35 of them died. Conclusion: Decreasing the number and duration of invasive procedures, shorten the duration of hospital stay, special measures for the epidemic microorganisms can reduce the HAIs and the related deaths.

Bacteriology of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of CHU Gabriel Tour&amp;#233;

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a public health issue. An infection is said to be associated with the care if it occurs during or after the care of a patient, and if it was neither present nor incubation at the beginning of the care. Objective: The purpose of this work was to study the bacteriology of infections associated with obstetric care in the gynecology-obstetrics department of CHU Gabriel Touré. Patients and Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, analytical study conducted in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the CHU Gabriel Touré, from April 11th, 2016 to August 29th, 2016 (5 months). Data collection focused on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in patients during their hospitalization. Included in the study were any patients hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department who agreed to participate in the study. The criteria used to diagnose the associated infection were those of the Atlanta CDC. Operative wound monitoring was done up to the 30th postoperative day. Results: We have recorded 200 patients, out of whom 138 were operated on and 23 cases of bacterial infection associated with care (11.50%). The average age of the patients was 32.52 years ± 13.36 years against 29.36 years ± 10.28 years for the patients who did not present the infection. Seven point five percent of the evacuated patients had an infection associated with care. The most common types of infection were surgical site infection (60.86%), urinary tract infection (26.08%), endometritis and sepsis with 13.04% each. The isolated organisms were all resistant to Amoxicillin, to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (88.88%) and to Ciprofloxacin (77.77%). The average duration of hospitalization for patients who developed the infection was 14.70 days. The lethality was 1.50%. The average cost of management of patients who developed the surgical site infection was 119,837 FCFA. Conclusion: The bacterial infections associated with the care remain frequent in our service and dominated by the infections of the operating site. Isolated organisms were all resistant to amoxicillin in 88.88% case ciprofloxacin.

2183. Financial Cost, Length of Stay, and Patient Experience Associated with Healthcare-Associated Infections Across a 43 Hospital Network

BackgroundReduction of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is critical to improve patient safety and hospital quality. However, not all HAI-associated outcomes are well studied. We examined several of these—the financial and length of stay (LOS) burden of HAIs and patient experience of care.MethodsNational Healthcare Safety Network-reported catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), C. difficile infections (CDI), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), MRSA bacteremia, and colon surgery surgical site infections (SSI-COLO) were queried for the first 9 months of 2016 from 43 hospitals. Patients with an HAI were matched to controls on hospital and primary diagnosis to create a retrospective case–control study. CAUTI and CLABSI patients were matched to controls with associated device codes. LOS and total direct variable cost (TDVC) were collected for all HAI and control patients. If patients returned a Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, their likelihood to recommend (LTR) response was additionally analyzed.ResultsData were analyzed for 123 CAUTI, 1,116 CDI, 166 CLABSI, 58 MRSA, and 127 SSI-COLO case–control pairs across 43 hospitals. TDVC per case was significantly higher among HAI cases than controls for CDI ($6,484), CLABSI ($14,646), and SSI-COLO ($9,770; figure 1). LOS was significantly higher for cases across all HAI groups, with attributable differences of 7.6 days for CAUTI, 6.4 for CDI, 9.7 for CLABSI, 7.4 for MRSA, and 4.5 for SSI-COLO (Figure 2). Of 3,180 subjects, 198 returned HCAHPS surveys. Response rate of “Yes, definitely” to LTR for 85 HAI patients was 63.5% compared with 72.6% for 113 control patients (Figure 3). ConclusionThis is the first investigation to our knowledge pairing patient experience of care data with TDVC and LOS for HAI patients. HAIs have a significant impact on patient experience, cost, and length of stay―further supporting the importance of preventing HAIs.Disclosures R. Olmsted, Ethicon, Inc.: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium; APIC: External faculty HRET/CDC STRIVE project, Speaker honorarium.

Trends of incidence of healthcare-associated infections in patients admitted to intensive care units of a French University Hospital between 2011 and 2016

Background More than 20% patients in intensive care units (ICU) acquired healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in France. Pneumonia and bacteremia are of particular interest as they support significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of present study was to report the time course of patients’ characteristics, incidence of ICU-related HAI and bacteria isolated from these infections in a French university hospital between 2011 and 2016. Methods An active standardized surveillance of HAI in ICU was carried out in a university hospital totalizing 5362 beds (Lyon, France). The methodology was based on the national surveillance network of HAI in ICU. All ICU patients hospitalized > 48 h between 01/01/2011 and 31/12/2016 were included in the surveillance. Data on patient characteristics, invasive devices, outcome in the ICU and HAI were collected. HAI included bacteremia, pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Only the first occurrence of infection per site was analyzed. Incidence rates (95% CI) were calculated per 1000 patient-days for bacteremia and pneumonia and per 1000 intubation-days for VAP. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) were calculated using mixed-effects multivariate Poisson regression. Results Overall, 17,299 patients were hospitalized > 48 h in 8 ICU, accounting for 152,367 patients-days and 81,201 intubation-days. In 2011 and 2016, man/woman ratio was 1.82 and 1.49 (P Conclusion Patients admitted in ICU were older and more severe in 2011 compared to 2016. Decreases of incidence rates, even non-significant, were observed for nosocomial pneumonia. VAP and bacteremia rates were stable over time while severity of patients at admission increased. The observed decrease of MRSA-related proportion of nosocomial pneumonia is encouraging, although 3GCR-E-related remains relatively stable. Assessment and improvement of health care practices (ventilator bundle, appropriate use of antibiotics) might help to prevent HAI and to limit antibiotic resistance in the high-risk population of ICU patients.