Health Service Workers Research Articles

Occupational risk of COVID-19 by country of birth. A register-based study.

BackgroundOccupational exposure has been suggested to contribute to a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among immigrants. We aim to assess this hypothesis in Norway.MethodsIn 2729 627 adults born in Norway, Somalia, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Turkey, we examined whether persons employed as taxi drivers, bus and tram drivers, child care workers, nurses, personal care workers in health, food service counter attendants, waiters/bartenders, cleaners and shop sale persons had a higher risk of COVID-19, from 1 April 2020 to 2 December 2020, compared with (i) Norwegian-born in the same occupational group and (ii) all others with the same birth country and aged 20–70 years, using logistic regressions.ResultsWithin each occupational group, immigrants had a greatly increased odds of COVID-19 when compared with Norwegian-born (odds ratio [OR] ~ 1.66–12.72). However, immigrants working in the selected occupations had the same odds of COVID-19 as person with same birth country not having the same occupation (OR ~ 1). Exceptions were Somalian, Afghani and Iraqi personal care workers in health services who had an increased odds of COVID-19 compared with others from the same country.ConclusionOccupation is not an important driver of the high rates of COVID-19 among immigrants from Somalia, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Turkey.

Psychological distress, fear and coping among Malaysians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has enormously affected the psychological well-being, social and working life of millions of people across the world. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress, fear and coping strategies as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among Malaysian residents. Participants were invited to an online cross-sectional survey from Aug-Sep 2020. The study assessed psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, level of fear using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and coping strategies using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to adjust for potential confounders. The mean age (±SD) of the participants (N = 720) was 31.7 (±11.5) years, and most of them were females (67.1%). Half of the participants had an income source, while 216 (30%) identified themselves as frontline health or essential service workers. People whose financial situation was impacted due to COVID-19 (AOR 2.16, 95% CIs 1.54-3.03), people who drank alcohol in the last four weeks (3.43, 1.45-8.10), people who were a patient (2.02, 1.39-2.93), and had higher levels of fear of COVID-19 (2.55, 1.70-3.80) were more likely to have higher levels of psychological distress. Participants who self-isolated due to exposure to COVID-19 (3.12, 1.04-9.32) and who had moderate to very high levels of psychological distress (2.56, 1.71-3.83) had higher levels of fear. Participants who provided care to a family member/patient with a suspected case of COVID-19 were more likely to be moderately to highly resilient compared to those who did not. Vulnerable groups of individuals such as patients and those impacted financially during COVID-19 should be supported for their mental wellbeing. Behavioural interventions should be targeted to reduce the impact of alcohol drinking during such crisis period.

Theorising worker–client relations in front‐line service work: Understanding the experience of non‐professionally affiliated workers in UK mental health services

AbstractThis paper contributes to a deeper understanding of front‐line service workers’ experience of the worker–client relationship. It is based on a series of in‐depth interviews with non‐professionally affiliated workers in new front‐line roles in UK mental health services. The findings cover three main areas: worker motivation and orientation; the nature of the worker–client relationship; and the role played in the relationship by the structure of work and relationships with colleagues. Evidence is found to support the use of the framework of Korczynski (Sociology, 43, 2009), but the research also suggests ways in which each of the framework's elements might be developed. It is argued that the idea of ‘caring’ is in need of refinement; that worker–client relations should not be seen solely in terms of client sovereignty and that a focus on the technical organisation of work can only go some way towards providing an understanding of the worker experience.

The Relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Diarrhea in Under Six Months Infants in 2017 (Analysis of Indonesian Health Demography Data Survey 2017)

Background: Diarrhea is the main cause of malnutrition in underfive children. One of the efforts to prevent diarrhea in infants is exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is infant that receives only breast milk without any additional consumption from 0 to 6 months. Under six months infant who are not exclusively breastfed have a higher risk of developing diarrhea than those who are exclusively breastfed.Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in under six months infants in Indonesia. This study analyze secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The sample in this study consist of all live infants aged 0-6 months born to women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia who were successfully interviewed and had a complete answer (no answer missing). After weighting, 1898 samples were obtained.Result: The result found that the proportion of diarrhea incidence in Indonesia is 9.1%. Meanwhile of all infants, 36% were not exclusively breastfed. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between infants who were not exclusively breastfed and diarrhea incidence in Indonesia after adjusted by mother's education level, maternal employment status, mother’s economic level, area of residence, and latrine ownership (PR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.46-3.07).Conclusion : Infants who were not exclusively breastfed increase the risk for diarrhea. Therefore it is necessary to have a program to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. The program can take the form of counseling by health workers in health services.

DUKUNGAN KESEHATAN JIWA DAN PSIKOSOSIAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA KADER KESEHATAN DAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI ZOOM MEETING

Health cadres are members of the community whose role is to assist health workers in health services. For the case of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially health cadres who are needed to assist the community in handling mental and psychosocial health in the community. In addition to health cadres, the general public also plays a role in helping cadres and health workers to improve the mental health of the community. One of the efforts is to increase knowledge through health counseling about mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health counseling was carried out boldly in their respective homes with zoom media on July 18, 2021. There were 24 participants who took part in the health education, consisting of 14 health cadres and 10 the general public. Beforethe counseling was carried out, pre-test and post-test were carried out by distributing questionnaires on google forms to participants to determine the level of knowledge of the participants about the material to be and after being delivered. This community service activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge of health cadres and the community about psychosocial mental health support with the value of good knowledge being 36% from 18%, and knowledge being 64% from 45%. After this community service is held, it is hoped that the participants can become promoters in mental health efforts in the community during the Covid-19 pandemic so that they can remain mentally healthy in dealing with all the problems that occur during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Mental Health Service User and Worker Experiences of Psychosocial Support Via Telehealth Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw telehealth rapidly become the primary way to receive mental health care. International research has validated many of the benefits and challenges of telehealth known beforehand for specific population groups. However, if telehealth is to assume prominence in future mental health service delivery, greater understanding of its capacity to be used to provide psychosocial support to people with complex and enduring mental health conditions is needed.ObjectiveWe focused on an Australian community-managed provider of psychosocial intervention and support. We aimed to understand service user and worker experiences of psychosocial support via telehealth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study was jointly developed and conducted by people with lived experience of mental ill health or distress, mental health service providers, and university-based researchers. Semistructured interviews were conducted between August and November 2020 and explored participant experiences of receiving or providing psychosocial support via telehealth, including telephone, text, and videoconferencing. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically; quantitative data were collated and analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsService users (n=20) and workers (n=8) completed individual interviews via telephone or videoconferencing platform. Service users received psychosocial support services by telephone (12/20, 60%), by videoconferencing (6/20, 30%), and by both telephone and videoconferencing (2/20, 10%). Of note, 55% (11/20) of service user participants stated a future preference for in-person psychosocial support services, 30% (6/20) preferred to receive a mixture of in-person and telehealth, and 15% (3/20) elected telehealth only. Two meta-themes emerged as integral to worker and service user experience of telehealth during the pandemic: (1) creating safety and comfort and (2) a whole new way of working. The first meta-theme comprises subthemes relating to a sense of safety and comfort while using telehealth; including trusting in the relationship and having and exercising choice and control. The second meta-theme contains subthemes reflecting key challenges and opportunities associated with the shift from in-person psychosocial support to telehealth.ConclusionsOverall, our findings highlighted that most service users experienced telehealth positively, but this was dependent on them continuing to get the support they needed in a way that was safe and comfortable. While access difficulties of a subgroup of service users should not be ignored, most service users and workers were able to adapt to telehealth by focusing on maintaining the relationship and using choice and flexibility to maintain service delivery. Although most research participants expressed a preference for a return to in-person psychosocial support or hybrid in-person and telehealth models, there was a general recognition that intentional use of telehealth could contribute to flexible and responsive service delivery. Challenges to telehealth provision of psychosocial support identified in this study are yet to be fully understood.

Sosialisasi Perawatan dan Pembuatan Face Shield bagi Tenaga Kesehatan

Face shield is one of the important PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for health workers in health services in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic as it is today. The limited number of face shield will certainly hamper the health services provided by the hospital. This Community Services activity was carried out at RSI Sultan Agung and RSIGM Sultan Agung to provide training on making face shield independently and also maintenance, so that face shield is more durable and not easily damaged. The tool used is a 3D printer which is easy to operate. 3D Printing technology will produce solid objects, and not like printing a sheet of paper on a printer that is commonly used. Design 3D models using CAD software. This activity was attended by 80 participants. 91.25% of participants are interested in making their own face shields as an effort to meet the need for face shields From the Community Services activities, around 100 face shields were produced which were handed over to the hospital.

Enhance of Legal Protection the Health Outsourcing Workers in Health Law Number 36 of 2009

This research is to find out and analyze the legal regulation of health services for outsourcing workers, to find out and analyze the legal protection of health for outsourcing workers and to examine and analyze the law regarding sanctions for doctors and hospitals that make mistakes in health services for workers. The writing of this thesis research methodology uses normative juridical research methods using an empirical juridical approach, with qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis means that research results do not depend on the amount of data based on numbers, but data analyzed is carried out in-depth and holistically. The normative juridical method means that research data is analyzed according to legal norms and court decisions relating to health services for outsourced workers. Legal materials or materials used to analyze are obtained from library materials that include primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, secondary data used as references in this study, especially those relating to the legal protection of the health of outsourced workers in the health law. Data processing is carried out by editing and making data after the data is sorted and analyzed and then interpreted logically against the applicable provisions. After that, it is presented in the form of sentence descriptions. Based on the results of the study, it is known that health services for outsourcing workers. In-Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, which becomes the primary reference in the world of Manpower, does not find the term outsourcing. In practice, a corporate liability that violates the labour law can be legally prosecuted for companies that do not provide health insurance for workers. Hospitals and doctors who check the health conditions of workers must provide good health services for outsourced workers.

Mitigation of Covid-19 in the Spiritual, Psychosocial, Physical Aspects and Anxiety Disorders of Health Workers in Hospital

Introduction: The entire world is experiencing the COVID-19 crisis at this time. Hospitals must determine steps to keep treating COVID-19 patients while still provide optimal service by minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Health workers feel tremendous pressure because of their work. Managing mental and psychosocial health is as essential as maintaining physical care for frontline health workers. Objectives: The Research aimed to identify the mitigation of COVID-19 from the spiritual, psychosocial, and physical aspects and its effects on anxiety disorder in health workers in health services. Methods: The research type was analytic observational and cross-sectional design with cluster random sampling technique using dichotomy multivariate regression analysis, The research instrument used by google form is submitted through the whats app questionnaire DASS 21. The respondents were 99 health workers at Muhammadiyah Hospital and Aisyiyah Hospital Ponorogo. Results: The results show that 70.8% did not have an anxiety disorder, 22.1% had mild anxiety, 6.1% had moderate anxiety, and 1% had severe anxiety. 47% of health workers applied spiritual mitigation well, 84.9% had good psychosocial comfort, and 51.1% had good physical relief. There was an effect of mitigation of COVID-19 in the spiritual, psychosocial, and physical aspects of health workers in dealing with Anxiety Disorder in the New Normal Era in the Health Service. Conclusions: Covid-19 can affect health service procedures and the quality of health for health workers. This condition is one of the efforts to ensure the safety of health workers by paying attention to spiritual, psychosocial, and physical aspects; in this case, the management of hospital human resources in dealing with a pandemic is excellent so that it has a positive impact on anxiety disorder incidents for health workers in the hospital environment.

Multiple pathways to scaling up and sustainability: an exploration of digital health solutions in South Africa

BackgroundWith the aim to support further understanding of scaling up and sustaining digital health, we explore digital health solutions that have or are anticipated to reach national scale in South Africa: the Perinatal Problem Identification Programme (PPIP) and Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme (Child PIP) (mortality audit reporting and visualisation tools), MomConnect (a direct to consumer maternal messaging and feedback service) and CommCare (a community health worker data capture and decision-support application).ResultsA framework integrating complexity and scaling up processes was used to conceptually orient the study. Findings are presented by case in four domains: value proposition, actors, technology and organisational context. The scale and use of PPIP and Child PIP were driven by ‘champions’; clinicians who developed technically simple tools to digitise clinical audit data. Top-down political will at the national level drove the scaling of MomConnect, supported by ongoing financial and technical support from donors and technical partners. Donor preferences played a significant role in the selection of CommCare as the platform to digitise community health worker service information, with a focus on HIV and TB. A key driver of scale across cases is leadership that recognises and advocates for the value of the digital health solution. The technology need not be complex but must navigate the complexity of operating within an overburdened and fragmented South African health system. Inadequate and unsustained investment from donors and government, particularly in human resource capacity and robust monitioring and evaluation, continue to threaten the sustainability of digital health solutions.ConclusionsThere is no single pathway to achieving scale up or sustainability, and there will be successes and challenges regardless of the configuration of the domains of value proposition, technology, actors and organisational context. While scaling and sustaining digital solutions has its technological challenges, perhaps more complex are the idiosyncratic factors and nature of the relationships between actors involved. Scaling up and sustaining digital solutions need to account for the interplay of the various technical and social dimensions involved in supporting digital solutions to succeed, particularly in health systems that are themselves social and political dynamic systems.

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK AKSEPTOR KB SUKU MADURA DENGAN PEMILIHAN JENIS KONTRASEPSI DI PUSKESMAS OMBEN KABUPATEN SAMPANG

The amount of people in Indonesia always increase over and over each year so the government implement a program called KB or Family Planning which aims to control the birth rate of the country. In implementing KB program, there are many debatable pro-cons in people, one of them is Madurese people who assume that one of the contraceptives are considered inadequate to be used from a religious and cultural perspective. This study aims to find out the relationship between a Madurese family planning acceptor and the choice of contraception. The research method is analytic observational with Cross Sectional Study. The method of sampling is probability type, used the simple random sampling. This study used questionnaire to collect the data and chi-square test to analyse the data. The result of the study showed that the respondents who choose short-term contraception type is 95 people and the long-term contraception is 15 people. The result of the data analysis showed that there is a relationship of age (0,043), number of children (0,006), economical status (0,005), and socio-cultural (0,002) in choosing the contraception type. Meanwhile, the education (0,923) has no relation in the choose of contraception type.. It is expected that the prospective family planning acceptors can increase their knowledge of KB (Family Planning) and for the health service workers can increase the health promotion of KB so people can broaden their knowledge of KB.

Achievements of the K1 & K4 Program with Standard Practices of Pregnancy Services during the Covid-19 Pandemic

WHO has designated the Covid-19 (Corona Virus 2019) case as a Pandemic. Covid-19, caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a new type of respiratory disease (pneumonia) and is contagious. The state has made various efforts to control covid-19, but there are still many infected victims. Pregnant women have changes in their immune system and anatomy, making them susceptible to viral infections. Pregnancy examinations at the hospital will be at risk of transmitting covid-19 to pregnant women, while antenatal care is very important to identify any pregnancy complications. This study aims to identify the K1 and k4 programs' achievements with midwives' practice in standard pregnancy services during the Covid 19 Pandemic, using a questionnaire given to midwives as health service workers. The study design used a cross-sectional with a chi-square statistical test, with 30 midwives as respondents who opened independent practice services during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research instrument used a questionnaire. This study indicates that 70% of midwives have good knowledge but do not implement standard pregnancy care during the pandemic. The analysis results show no relationship between knowledge and standard practice of pregnancy services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Most midwives have good knowledge and do not practice standard pregnancy services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Suggestion. The following research is to identify the achievements of the pregnancy care program during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Retention of the Aboriginal Health, Ageing, and Disability Workforce: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundDespite a plethora of research into Aboriginal employment and recruitment, the extent and nature of the retention of frontline Aboriginal people in health, ageing, and disability workforces are currently unknown. In this application, frontline service delivery is defined as Aboriginal people who are paid employees in the health, ageing, and disability service sectors in roles that involve direct client, participant, or patient contact. There is a need to identify the factors that inhibit (push) and promote (pull) staff retention or departure of this workforce from the sectors. This study will provide additional insight about this topic.ObjectiveThe objective of this project is to uncover the factors that influence the retention of frontline Aboriginal workers in the health, ageing, and disability workforces in New South Wales (NSW) who do not have university qualifications. The aim of the proposed project aims to discover the push and pull factors for the retention of the frontline Aboriginal workforce in the health, ageing, and disability sectors in NSW in relation to their role, employment, and community and design evidence-based strategies for retaining the Aboriginal frontline workforce in the health, ageing, and disability sectors in NSW.MethodsThe proposed research will use a mixed methods approach, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data via surveys and interviews to capture and represent the voices and perspectives of Aboriginal people in a way that the participants chose.ResultsIndigenous research methodologies are a growing field in Aboriginal health research in Australia. A key strength of this study is that it is led by Aboriginal scholars and Aboriginal controlled organizations that apply an Indigenous methodological framework throughout the research process.ConclusionsThis study uses a mixed methods design. The survey and interview questions and model were developed in partnership with Aboriginal health, ageing, and disability service workers rather than relying only on research publications on the workforce, government policies, and human resources strategies. This design places a strong emphasis on generalizable findings together with an inductive approach that explores employers and workers’ lived experience of the Aboriginal health workforce in NSW. Excluding workers who have graduated from university places a strong focus on the workforce who have obtained either school or Technical and Further Education or registered training organizations qualifications. Data collection was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and results will include the unique experiences of Aboriginal workers and employers delivering services in an extremely challenging organizational, community, and personal context.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/25261

Competências colaborativas à formação do estudante: análise segundo domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel

OBJETIVO: Analisar, segundo os domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel, as competências colaborativas desenvolvidas pelo programa PermanecerSUS à formação dos estudantes de saúde. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, sob a perspectiva da etnografia institucional, realizado em instituições de saúde públicas com estudantes, trabalhadores e usuários do sistema público de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados com a análise de conteúdo temática, em consonância aos domínios do Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 60 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino, divididas igualmente entre as unidades. Constatou-se que os indivíduos com menor idade e inseridos o mais precocemente em projetos interprofissionais, desenvolvem competências colaborativas com mais facilidade do que os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde já atuantes dos serviços. CONCLUSÃO: O PermanecerSUS favorece aos estudantes ética/valores para a prática profissional, trabalho em equipe e corresponsabilidade. Entretanto, é preciso desenvolver entre os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde a competência da comunicação interprofissional.

Time for reflection

The author reflects on the response of the British government and its citizens to the COVID-19 pandemic in Great Britain and the key role played by National Health Service (NHS) workers and nurses in fighting the pandemic and rolling out of the vaccination programme

Basic Services at Primary Health Care based on Satisfaction Levels

Research background : Primary Health Care one of the public health services has the main task of providing community health development and basic health services, through increasing public access to health services with a priority for promotive and preventive efforts combined in a balanced manner with curative and rehabilitative efforts. (MOH, 2003). One of the indicators of the success of individual health services at primary health care is patient satisfaction. Satisfaction according to Kotler (in Supranto, 2001) is defined as a post-consumption assessment, that a selected product can meet or exceed consumer expectations, thereby affecting the decision-making process for repurchasing the same product.Research purposes: To determine the level of patient satisfaction with basic health services in Primary Health Care throughout Blora Regency which is seen from the dimensions: responsiveness (responsiveness), reliability (reliability), assurance (assurance), empathy (empathy) and tangible (direct evidence).Research Methods: Design This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey, conducted in 10 primary health care included in the Blora Regency area. The research subjects were inpatients and outpatients. Samples were taken as many as 300 respondents. The sampling technique in this study was cluster and random sampling in the selection of health centers and the selection of respondents using accidental sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 42 question items. To analyze data using a frequency distribution using a computerResearch Discusion : shows the tendency of patients to be satisfied and very satisfied with the services provided by the health center. Although few are dissatisfied. However, from one puskesmas to another varies in the level of satisfaction.Conclusion: Patients are more satisfied and very satisfied than those who are less satisfied with the services of health workers at the primary health care

Social welfare needs of bereaved Australian carers: Implications of insights from palliative care and welfare workers.

An individual and psychological emphasis has influenced practice and research on bereavement following informal care provision in the context of life-limiting illness. Consideration of the potential for bereavement to be shaped by intersecting social and structural inequities is needed; and should include an understanding of interactions with government institutions and social policy. This qualitative study employed interpretive description to explore the way in which palliative care workers and welfare sector workers perceive and approach experiences and needs of bereaved carers receiving government income support or housing assistance in Western Sydney, an area associated with recognised socioeconomic disadvantage. A total of 21 palliative care workers within a public health service and welfare workers from two government social welfare services participated in in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Participants highlighted social welfare policy and related interactions that may impact bereavement, potentially related to financial, housing and employment precariousness. Personal, interpersonal and structural factors perceived to shape the navigation of welfare needs were explored, alongside needed professional and structural changes envisioned by workers. With limited forms of capital, vulnerably positioned carers may encounter difficulties that heighten their precariousness in bereavement. Transactional organisational cultures alongside health and welfare agencies that function in a siloed manner appear to contribute to structural burden for carers, following death due to life-limiting illness. Palliative care and welfare workers also associated elements of their work with bereaved carers with their own experiences of helplessness, frustration and distress. Findings point to a need for the development of interagency strategies in addition to policy underpinned by more nuanced understandings of vulnerability in bereavement, post-caring.

Bridging the skills gap: apprentice assistant practitioners having an impact in mental healthcare services. Part 3. The mentor experience

Understanding the relevance of the apprentice assistant practitioner (AAP) role in mental health is important for future developments within mental health services. This third article, in a series of four exploring the potential impact of AAPs in bridging the gap in mental health services, focuses on the experiences of the mentor role.Mentorship in the development of health service workers is crucial to ensure competent, confident and skilled staff at all levels. This small-scale study looks at the experiences of the mentor in general and more specifically the experiences of a small group of mentors supporting AAPs in mental health services.A questionnaire was sent to mentors at different stages of the AAP's journey and asked them to consider three broad themes: supporting the AAP, helpfulness of the AAP standards in mentoring; and the impact of the AAP in mental health services.The results show a positive response in general from the mentors and the use of apprenticeship standards to focus the mentorship of the AAP, as well as the potential benefits the assistant practitioner (AP) role has in both supporting services users and the service as a whole.

Literatur Riview Tentang Faktor Penyebab Klaim Tidak Layak Bayar BPJS Kesehatan Di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2020

The amount of payment made by BPJS Kesehatan to health facilities is determined based on an agreement between BPJS Kesehatan and the relationship of health facilities in the area where the health facilities are located and refers to the INA-CBG's tariff standard. During the leveraging process by the BPJS verifier, several claims were found, one of which was an unfeasible claim. Therefore, the researchers are interested in further examining the factors that cause the BPJS health unfit claims at the hospital. The purpose of this review literature is to describe the factors that cause claims for not worth paying BPJS health at the hospital in 2020. The literature review research uses descriptive analysis which is carried out by describing the facts. The library sources used are 4 libraries from journals. Analyze the data by looking for several groups (comparing), inequality (contrasting), views (criticizing), comparing (synthesizing) and summarizing (summarizing) the research. Based on a review of 4 journals on the appropriateness of the Participation Administration an average of 66%, the suitability of service administration as much as 25%, the accuracy of disease diagnosis as much as 75%, the accuracy of the main diagnosis and the accuracy of the secondary diagnosis as much as 88%, the accuracy of the diagnosis code was 55% correct and the effect of the administrative completeness of the claim requirements on average is still <75%, which means that the administrative completeness of the BPJS Health requirements is still incomplete because it does not meet the BPJS Health standards and regulations in the submitted requirements file. Based on the results of the study, it can be ignored that the administrative completeness of the BPJS Health claim requirements in the hospital is still incomplete, due to the perception of perceptions between internal verifiers and external verifiers, the knowledge and responsibilities of health service workers on the importance of filling in complete, accurate and trustworthy medical record files. . So the researchers suggest that there is periodic socialization to equalize perceptions about policies and standards in the process of submitting BPJS Health claims between internal verifiers and external verifiers and health service workers who participate in filling out medical record files so that problems related to claims not worth paying can be minimized so that services health can run well and smoothly.

The relationship between the use of sharp instruments and the risks associated with health service workers: a systematic review protocol

Work accidents are characterized as those resulting from the exercise of work in the service of a company, which can harm the worker. health care workers suffer from the risk of exposure to contaminants and sharps in their daily practice. The handling of perforating material predominates as a situation of exposure to occupational accidents among health professionals, being the main source of disease transmission within the hospital environment. Thus, a systematic review is proposed to obtain relevant information on these risks in order to plan appropriate future interventions to avoid related negative consequences. Thus, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes protocols (PRISMA-P), this systematic review protocol was developed in order to provide guidelines appropriate for the development of research that can deliver results to meet objective sought. Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and a total of 9 keyword combinations will be used.Â