Health-related Fitness Research Articles

Acquisition and Retention Effects of Fundamental Movement Skills on Physical Activity and Health-Related Fitness of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study adopted a quasi-experimental design to explore the effects of fundamental movement skill intervention on the acquisition and retention of physical activity levels and health-related fitness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the experiments, 11 children received fundamental motor skill training (12 weeks, 60 min/session, 4 times/week), and 10 children maintained traditional physical activity. Assessments were performed using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, health-related fitness pre-post intervention, and 1-month follow-up tests. The sedentary time during physical activity was significantly decreased (p = 0.01), and there were large changes in health-related physical fitness indicators, including significantly improved body composition (body mass index, F(1,19) = 8.631, p = 0.03, partial η2 = 0.312), muscle strength and endurance (sit-ups, F(1,19) = 3.376, p = 0.02, partial η2 = 0.151 and vertical jumps, F(1,19) = 5.309, p = 0.04, partial η2 = 0.218), and flexibility (sit and reach, F(1,19) = 36.228, p = 0.02, partial η2 = 0.656). Moreover, the follow-up tests showed that the children's sedentary time continued to reduce, and the muscle strength and endurance (sit-ups, F(1,19) = 4.215, p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.426) improved continuously after the intervention. Based on this study, actionable and regular fundamental movement skill programs can be provided in the future as an effective way to achieve the healthy development goals of children with ASD.

Associations between fundamental movement skills and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Chinese children: the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

The associations of fundamental motor skills (FMS), health-related physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been demonstrated in Western children, but these associations have not yet been validated in a sample of Chinese children. The aims of this study, therefore, were to examine the association between FMS subdomains and MVPA in a sample of Chinese children and to evaluate whether this association is mediated by CRF. A cross-sectional study consisting of 311 children aged 8-12 years (49.2% girls; mean age = 9.9 years) from Shanghai was conducted. FMS, CRF and MVPA were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd Edition, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run and ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers. Preacher & Hayes's bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effects of CRF on the association between FMS and MVPA. CRF fully mediated the association between total FMS and MVPA in girls (indirect effects, b = 0.21, 95% CI [0.07-0.37]), while the mediation was only partial in boys (indirect effects, b = 0.12, 95% CI [0.01-0.26]). CRF fully mediated the association between locomotor skills and MVPA in girls (indirect effects, b = 0.27, 95% CI [0.09- 0.51]), whereas CRF partially mediated the association between object control skills and MVPA in boys (indirect effects, b = 0.15, 95% CI [0.18-0.35]). In order to better design and implement sex-specific interventions aiming to increase MVPA, it is essential to consider FMS subdomains and CRF alongside the sex differences in the association between them.

A Physical Fitness Perspective on Physical Education Lesson with Rampage Method Application

: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a program prepared in accordance with the Rampage method in physical education classes on the development of health-related physical fitness in children aged 9-12 (3rd-6th grade). Randomly selected control (n:30) and performance (n:34) groups were administered initial and final tests. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. CG showed SLJ pre-test and post-test values of 106.33 ± 20.604 and 107.07 ± 18.94, respecti-vely, while PG exhibited pre-test and post-test values of 116.03 ± 19.983 and 123.71 ± 20.09 for SLJ. For the 20Meter run-ning test, CG had pre-test and post-test values of 15.23 ± 8.95 and 20.60 ± 9.06, whereas PG showed pre-test and post-test values of 18.59 ± 10.49 and 21.21 ± 10.10. Results of statistical analysis; A variable was found in the standing long jump measurements between the performance group(PG) and the control group(CG) (p<0.05). No significant difference was detected in the pre-test and post-test data for the other measured parameters. Based on these results, it is recommended to conduct comprehensive studies examining the effects of physical education classes prepared with the RAMPAGE method on children's physical fitness using different age groups or different physical fitness tests. Keywords: Physical education, physical development, fitness

Investigating the Impact of Exercise Intensity on Cardiovascular Health Parameters in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigating the impact of exercise intensity on cardiovascular health parameters. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: This study found that higher-intensity exercise generally leads to greater improvements in cardiovascular fitness compared to moderate-intensity exercise. Studies consistently showed that high-intensity exercise results in more significant reductions in blood pressure, improvements in lipid profiles, and enhanced endothelial function, indicating better cardiovascular health. Furthermore, higher-intensity exercise was associated with greater improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), a key indicator of aerobic capacity and cardiovascular fitness. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Health-related physical fitness theory, dual-mode theory of exercise & metabolic equivalent theory may be used to anchor future studies on exercise intensity on cardiovascular health parameters. Based on empirical evidence, healthcare professionals should tailor exercise prescriptions to individual needs, preferences, and health status. Policymakers play a crucial role in promoting equitable access to exercise opportunities and resources, particularly in underserved communities.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training among Overweight Female College Students

In the 21st century, with the improvement and improvement of people's quality of life and living standards, the diet structure and lifestyle have changed dramatically, and there are more and more obese people. College students have uneven nutrition, high-calorie, high-sugar foods, and lack of physical activity. In this study, the experimental method is used to interfere with the weight loss of overweight female college students through aerobic exercise combination of resistance training. The exercise intervention intensity is 4 times a week, 2 hours each, and 5 consecutive weeks. Compared with the body composition before and after experiment, health related fitness, cardiopulmonary function test. The results of the study show that the 5-week aerobic exercise combination of resistance training can significantly reduce the weight, body mass index, body fat rate, waist, waist and hip ratio, etc., which also significantly improve the basic metabolic rate. However, the impact of legs and arms are not obvious. 5 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training can significantly improve the 800-meter score of overweight female college students, but the impact on sitting flexion and sit-up indicators is not obvious. 5 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training can significantly increase the vital capacity of overweight female college students, but the impact on the resting heart rate index is not obvious. We believe that this experimental scheme can effectively help female college students lose weight.

Using structural equation modeling to examine correlations between health-related physical fitness and cell health among Chinese college students

IntroductionCollege students’ physical fitness is likely to be directly related to their cells’ health. However, there is a lack of literature on whether the relationship between cell health and college students’ physical fitness is direct or indirect. This study used a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to investigate the connection between cell health and college students’ physical fitness.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from 838 volunteers (502 males and 336 females, average age of 18.74 ± 1.5 years) who were college students from the Shandong province of China in July 2023. Initially, we obtained anthropometric measurements and conducted physical fitness tests on the students. Then, we performed Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis to screen variables and explore potentially influencing factors. Finally, we examined associations between the variables and determined whether there were direct or indirect influences among factors using SEM.ResultsThe results revealed a significant correlation between the cell health factor and the muscle strength factor (path coefficient = 0.97; p < 0.001) as well as the fat obesity factor (path coefficient = -0.52; p < 0.001). The cardiovascular factor exhibited a weak correlation with the cell health factor (path coefficient = 0.11; p < 0.01). Moreover, the cardiovascular factor acted as a mediating variable between the muscle strength factor and the cell health factor, with a positive correlation observed between the muscle strength factor and the cell health factor (path coefficient = 0.40; p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that cell health is indicative of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our findings demonstrate that assessing the cell health of college students can be a valuable method for evaluating their overall health.

The relationship between neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults: A mediation analysis.

ObjectivePhysical activity supportive environments have the potential to promote health-related fitness in adults. However, the extent to which neighbourhood built characteristics promote health-related fitness via physical activity has received little research attention. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the indirect and direct effects between neighbourhood built characteristics and health-related fitness mediated by physical activity. MethodsUsing cross-sectional data collected between 2014 and 2019, we merged neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness variables, derived from two Canadian national databases. Using these data, we estimated sex-stratified covariate-adjusted path models (males: n = 983 to 2796 and females: n = 962 to 2835) to assess if accelerometer-measured light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity mediated associations between objectively measured neighbourhood built characteristics (intersection density, dwelling density, points of interest, and transit density) and health-related fitness (grip strength, jump height, V̇O2max, and flexibility). Across 16 sex-specific models, we estimated 48 indirect and 16 direct effects. ResultsConcerning significant associations, for males we found that 16.6% of indirect and 18.8% of direct were negative and 4.2% of indirect and 0% of direct were positive. For females, we found that 12.5% of indirect and 0% of direct were negative and 0% of indirect and 25% of direct effects were positive. ConclusionsIndividual Canadian Active Living Environment built characteristics are positively associated with moderate-intensity physical activity and negatively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Further, associations between activity friendly neighbourhood characteristics and health related-fitness may be distinct from physical activity.

The impact of inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical performance of high school athletes

Background/ObjectiveThis study was conducted during the 2019–2020 academic year to evaluate the impact of participation in school sports on students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) test scores. Interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a suspension of in-person education, the study resumed in September 2021, refocusing on the effects of pandemic-induced inactivity on the physical fitness levels of the same cohort.MethodsThe study included twenty-nine male high school students (age: 17,24 ± 0,73 years), divided into thirteen athletes (participating in sports such as football, basketball, and track) and sixteen non-athletic counterparts. They underwent reassessment using the ALPHA test battery, evaluating cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and motor skills fitness. Data were analyzed using independent and paired samples t-tests and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess changes over time and between groups. Discriminant function analysis evaluated the ALPHA test’s ability to classify students based on their athletic status pre- and post-pandemic.ResultsInitially, athlete students exhibited significantly better BMI, 20 m shuttle run, and 4 × 10 m speed run scores compared to their non-athlete peers. After the pandemic, only the 20 m shuttle run scores remained significantly higher for athletes, with diminished distinctions in other fitness areas. The classification accuracy of the ALPHA test battery decreased from 89.7 to 75.9% post-pandemic.ConclusionThe enforced sedentary lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected all students, particularly diminishing health-related fitness parameters such as body composition, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal strength, and motor skills. Students previously engaged in regular physical activity, notably school athletes, experienced significant fitness declines. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to encourage active lifestyles among youth in the post-pandemic phase, aiming to avert long-term adverse health outcomes.

Comparison of health-related fitness and modifiable lifestyle behaviors between SWAT officers and professional firefighters: An exploratory study

Comparison of health-related fitness and modifiable lifestyle behaviors between SWAT officers and professional firefighters: An exploratory study

Exercise During Work Hours Improves Fitness: An Evidence-Based Case Report

Relatively tight working hours are problems for employees in urban areas, affecting less time for physical activities. About 59% of office workers in Jakarta are classified as sedentary. The high number of sedentary workers can cause productivity problems due to low fitness. Appropriate interventions are needed to overcome it. We have done literature searches from 7 journal databases in the last 20 years, including ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, ClinicalKey, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria include research design in the form of systematic review/meta-analysis/randomized controlled trials, outcomes in the form of physical fitness or work performance, and interventions in the form of workplace exercise or stretching. Three selected articles showed a significant relationship (p-value &amp;lt;0.05) between programmed physical exercise at work and several fitness factors, such as decreased body fat and fat mass, increased lean mass, and increased sit-up and push-up fitness test results. Physical activity at work decreased cardiovascular risk as assessed by VO2max. In conclusion, physical activity during working hours effectively improves health-related fitness. The minimal intervention types needed are aerobics, strength training, and muscle endurance. We recommend providing interventions for workplace fitness and education programs (WFEP).

Relationships between moderate vigorous physical activity, motor- and health-related fitness and motor skills in children.

Childhood is an important transitional period for the development of healthy physical activity (PA) behaviours, so it is important to understand its impact on a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the influences of sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and body composition (BC) on the relationships between PA, motor skills, motor- and health-related physical fitness in 5-8-year-olds. Participants were a subsample consisting of 299 children (150 boys, 149 girls, mean age 6.83 ± 0.96 years) from the Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa study (ExAMIN Youth SA). Anthropometric measures, health-related physical fitness (HRPF), motor-related physical fitness (MRPF), objectively measured PA and demographic information were determined. Only 66% achieved the recommended 60 min of daily moderate vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with 19% classified as having unhealthy body composition (11% overweight, 8% obese). Fat-free mass and SES revealed small-to-moderate influences on the relationship between MVPA, standing broad jump (SBJ;r= 0.32), predicted VO2max (r= 0.28) and beep levels (r= 0.22). For MRPF, the quality of running (r= 0.12) and balancing were associated with MVPA. Adjusting for sex, BC and SES in the relationship between PA with HRPF and MRPF, reductions in most correlations were observed. Moderate vigorous physical activity levels were positively associated with HRPF, MRPF and some motor skills in 5-8-year-olds. Socioeconomic status (lower parental income, employment and education negatively influenced the association between MVPA and fitness [beeps, SBJ,O2max]).Contribution:This study provides knowledge with regard to the use of accelerometer for baseline data for PA, MRPF, HRPF as well as motor skills in South African children.

Effects of plyometric training on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Plyometric training (PT) is an effective training method for improving physical fitness among trained individuals; however, its impact on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants remains ambiguous. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness among untrained participants. Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched until March 2024. We included controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness indices in untrained participants. Twenty-one studies were eligible, including a total of 1263 participants. Our analyses revealed small to moderate effects of PT on body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility (ES = 0.27–0.61; all p > 0.05). However, no significant effects were detected for body fat percentage and lean mass (ES = 0.21–0.41; all p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that PT may be potentially effective in improving health-related physical fitness indices (i.e., body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility) in untrained participants. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to data limitations in some fitness variables.

The health-related physical fitness of university female students with and without generalized joint hypermobility: A case-control study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) on health-related physical fitness. Participants: Female university students between the ages of 18-23. Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness ((maximal cycling ergometer tests, six-minute walking tests (6MW)), respiratory function tests, respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analyses), flexibility (sit and reach tests (SRT), muscle strength and endurance (isometric and isokinetic tests) were evaluated for health-related physical fitness. Results: The mean VO2max (23.6 vs. 21.8, p=.049), MET (6.7 vs. 6.3, p=0.049), W/kg (1.6 vs. 1.5, p=0.035), and SRT scores (23.3 vs. 18.7, p=0.016) were higher in 39 students with asymptomatic GJH compared to 42 non-GJH students. No significant differences found between groups for 6MW, FVC, FEV1, MIP, MEP, body composition, muscle strength, and endurance (p&gt;.05). Conclusion: Females with generalized joint hypermobility have the same or even higher levels of physical fitness capacity as those without the hypermobility.

Neighbourhood walkability and greenspace and their associations with health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults

ObjectiveMuscular strength and body composition are important components of health-related fitness (HRF). Grip strength and body fat percent, in particular, are associated with chronic disease and affected by health behaviours. Evidence suggests relationships between the neighbourhood built environment (BE) and HRF exist, however, few studies have focused on grip strength and body fat percent. Therefore, our study aimed to estimate the sex-specific associations between the neighbourhood BE, grip strength, and body fat percent among urban-dwelling Canadian adults. MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional survey and HRF data collected in 2011-2015 from 4052 males and 7841 females (Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada). Grip strength and body fat percent were measured via handgrip dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Walkability (Canadian Active Living Index) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) estimates were linked to participant data. Sex-stratified covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between the BE and HRF variables. ResultsWalkability was negatively associated with grip strength and body fat percent in males (β -0.21, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.11 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.02, respectively) and females (β -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10 to -0.01 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.02, respectively). Greenness was positively associated with grip strength in males (β 6.99, 95%CI: 3.62 to 10.36) and females (β 2.72, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.22) but not with body fat percent. Controlling for physical activity and sitting did not attenuate these associations. ConclusionCharacteristics of the neighbourhood BE appear to be associated with muscular strength and body composition, independent of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Comparative Effect of Aerobic and Yogic Exercises on the Selected Physical, Physiological and Academic Performance of Non-Participants of Sports at Secondary School Level

Physical activity has a direct effect on well-being and health. To be fit and healthy we need to be physically active. Regular physical activity can help protect us from serious diseases like obesity and mental illness among children. The recent study reveals that 60% of the school going children suffers obese. Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities among children Riding bicycle regularly is one of the best ways to tackle the health problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Physical fitness and health are the integral part of human life. Fitness and wellness of person are correlated to each other. In fitness body proportion and composition are important parameters and which has roles relevance with health related fitness. Maintenance of physical fitness is needed of the day in human society. In this age of stress and tension, low level of fitness leads towards, the exposure of degenerative and psychosomatic disorders including other in effective suffering. A lot of people live with fitness myths, having their own concepts and theories of fitness and health when it comes to fitness there are many that believe strongly in the dictum 'ignorance is bliss'

Effects of Some Physical Exercises with a Diet using artificial intelligence on Some Morphological Variables Related to Health in Obese Persons

The current research aims to identify the effects of physical exercises accompanied by a diet on some health-related body morphology variables and weight loss among obese persons. The researcher used the experimental approach (one-group design) with pre- and post-measurements. The researcher purposefully chose (16) obese persons, (12) of them were recruited as a main sample while (4) were recruited as a pilot sample. Results indicated that: The recommended exercise program with diet had positive effects on health-related physical fitness variables (speed – endurance – agility – power – strength – cardiorespiratory strength) among obese persons. The recommended exercise program with diet had positive effects on weight reduction variables (body weight – BMI – Fat percentage) among obese persons. Exercise with diet helped decrease weight among obese persons. There are statistically significant differences between the pre-and post-measurements of health-related physical fitness variables (among obese persons in favor of post-measurements. There are statistically significant differences between the pre-and post-measurements of weight decrease among obese persons in favor of post-measurements.

Analysis of Body Composition and Physical Fitness Variables of Korean Middle School Students: National Fitness Award (2018-2022)

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of yearly changes in adolescent body composition and health-related physical fitness variables using National Fitness Award.METHODS We sampled 209.924 adolescents (age: 13.99 ± 0.85) and investigated their body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary function. Subgroups by year (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and frequency analysis tests.RESULTS In the subgroup classified by year, there were significant differences between groups in height, BMI, and gender, and there were significant differences between groups in relative grip strength, 20m PACER, and maximal oxygen consumption.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study presents changes in body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary function by year as basic data to help understand adolescents' health conditions, and it is expected to provide data that can have a positive impact for future use as clinical and public health information.

Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Health-related physical fitness has been widely used to investigate the adverse effects of HIV infection/ART in children and adolescents. However, methods/protocols and cut-points applied for investigating health-related physical fitness are not clear. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the methods/protocols and cut-points. A scoping review, following the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was conducted through ten major databases. Search followed the PCC strategy to construct block of terms related to population (children and adolescents), concept (health-related physical fitness components) and context (HIV infection). The search resulted in 7545 studies. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts reading and full text assessment, 246 studies were included in the scoping review. Body composition was the most investigated component (n = 244), followed by muscular strength/endurance (n = 23), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 15) and flexibility (n = 4). The World Health Organization growth curves, and nationals' surveys were the most reference values applied to classify body composition (n = 149), followed by internal cut-points (n = 30) and cut-points developed through small populations (n = 16). Cardiorespiratory fitness was classified through cut-points from three different assessment batteries, as well as cut-points developed through studies with small populations, muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were classified through the same cut-points from five different assessment batteries. The research on muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility has been scarcely explored. The lack of studies that investigated method usability as well as reference values was evidenced.

Fitness promotion in college: the relationships among students' perceived physical literacy, knowledge, and physical fitness.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among perceived physical literacy (PPL), knowledge of physical activity and fitness (PAF knowledge), and physical fitness. Undergraduates (N = 968, female = 414; Mage = 18.64) from a public university in central China completed a simplified Chinese version of the PPL instrument, an online test for PAF knowledge, and seven health-related physical fitness tests. The PPL includes three dimensions: (a) confidence and physical competence, (b) motivation, and (c) interaction with the environment. The fitness tests measured lung capacity, body mass index (BMI), and performances in 800 (female)/1000 (male) meters run, 50 meters dash (50 M), sit-up (female) / pull-up (male), standing long jump (SLJ), and sit-and-reach. PPL and its dimensions significantly predicted six fitness test performances both in male (β: -0.42 - 0.37; p < 0.01-0.05; R2: 0.01-0.13) and female (β: -0.59 - 0.49; p < 0.01-0.05; R2: 0.03-0.13) students. PAF knowledge (β: -0.17 - 0.18; p < 0.01-0.05; R2: 0.01-0.05) significantly predicted BMI (males) and performances in 50 M (females) and SLJ (females) tests. To support college students' fitness development and maintenance, tailored physical activity and fitness promotion programs are needed to strengthen students' PPL and PAF knowledge.

Process- and Product-Oriented Fundamental Movement Skills in Early Childhood as Predictors of Later Health-Related Fitness.

The skill domains of fundamental movement skills (FMS), emphasizing gross motor movements, including locomotor skills (LMS) and object control skills (OCS), along with process- and product-oriented measures of FMS, may predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) differently. This study investigates the longitudinal relationship from early childhood FMS, focusing on process-oriented LMS and OCS and product-oriented FMS, to CRF and MF in late childhood. The study involved 441 Finnish children (49.9% female; mean age at baseline, 5.5 yr) over a 6-yr period. FMS was evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development, third version, for process-oriented LMS and OCS, and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) was used to evaluate the product-oriented FMS. CRF was assessed through the total number of laps completed in the 20-m shuttle run test, whereas MF was measured via repetitions of curl-ups and push-ups. Employing a two-level cross-classified regression analysis and Cholesky decomposition, this study aimed to determine the contributions of product-oriented KTK and process-oriented LMS and OCS. Adjustments for variations in age, measurement intervals, and maturation were achieved through residualization. In addition, gender and body mass index were incorporated as covariates in the analysis. The analysis revealed that process-oriented LMS (CRF: Δ R2 = 0.016; MF: Δ R2 = 0.014) significantly predicted later health-related fitness, whereas OCS did not. However, KTK exhibited a better ability to predict both CRF (Δ R2 = 0.092) and MF (Δ R2 = 0.032), overshadowing process-oriented measures. In conclusion, the findings suggest that KTK, which potentially encompasses a broader spectrum of fitness elements along with FMS, more effectively predicts health-related fitness components than process-oriented FMS.