Health Quarantine Research Articles

Proses Penerbitan Dokumen Port Health Quarantine Clearance (PHQC) Kesehatan Kapal pada Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I oleh PT. Tarunacipta Kencana Cabang Dumai

The process of issuing the Port Health Quarantine Clearance (PHQC) document for vessel health at the Class I Quarantine Health Office by PT. TarunaCipta Kencana Dumai Branch ensures that every ship entering a port is in a healthy condition, free from diseases and pests. The issuance of the vessel health document is handled by the Quarantine Health Office. Before docking at Dumai port, PT. TarunaCipta Kencana acts as an agency representing the ship owner/principal in handling all matters related to the vessel’s interests. The company can also appoint other sub-agents to serve other vessels. PT. TarunaCipta Kencana Dumai Branch collaborates with various related agencies at Dumai port, providing services for the ship and crew (ABK) before, during, and after docking. The issuance of the vessel health quarantine document begins with a submission by the agent to the Quarantine Health Office (BKK), followed by an inspection by health officers, and finally issuing the Certificate of Free Pratique (COP) and PHQC. The data collection methods used were Field Research and Library Research, ensuring that the process of issuing PHQC documents adheres to established procedures.

Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada buruh di Balai Besar Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Makassar

Background: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint and the leading cause of disability worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 20% to 33% among all patients with musculoskeletal pain. Low back pain is not only experienced by the elderly but can also occur across all age categories, including the productive adult age group. Factors that may contribute to low back pain include age, length of service, workload, and duration of work. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between age, length of service, workload, and work duration with complaints of low back pain. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population consists of all laborers at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. The sample comprises 133 respondents from the population of laborers working at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. The sampling technique used is random sampling with the Slovin formula. The measuring instrument used is the Numeric Rating Scale questionnaire. The statistical test employed is the Chi-Square Test, with Fisher's Exact Test as an alternative. Findings: The results of the study show a significant relationship between age (p-value ρ=0.000<0.05), length of service (ρ=0.000<0.05), workload (ρ=0.009<0.05), and work duration (ρ=0.000<0.05) with complaints of low back pain among laborers. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a relationship between age, length of service, workload, and work duration with complaints of low back pain among laborers at the Makassar Health Quarantine Center. It is recommended that the Makassar Health Quarantine Center conduct regular medical check-ups for laborers, provide adequate work hours, and monitor and reduce the burden lifted by laborers.

Multiprobe Amplification (MPA) with Melting Curve Analysis: A Highly Stable and Cost-Effective Platform for the Simultaneous Detection of Eight Potential Bacterial Bioterrorism Agents in Complex Samples.

We aimed to develop an efficient detection platform that can identify a larger number of suspicious samples in a single test, saving time, manpower, and material costs, and providing vital support to the public health system in coping with the current challenging and dynamic bioterrorism threat landscape, particularly in regions of turmoil and conflict. We have successfully developed a high-throughput, multitarget fluorescent array detection platform by effectively combining integrating multiprobe amplification (MPA) with melting curve analysis. Specifically, we have established reliable laboratory testing methods for eight highly pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Brucella spp., Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Our method achieves sensitive and specific simultaneous detection of eight target bacteria in one well by optimizing the reaction conditions of MPA. In the assessment of 192 simulated environmental samples, both positive and negative coincidence rates were 100.00%. Among 48 simulated clinical samples, the positive coincidence rate reached 97.73%, while maintaining a perfect negative coincidence rate of 100.00%. Moreover, the detection platform holds immense potential for attaining a more comprehensive bioterrorism screening, and its high cost-effectiveness enables the provision of diverse and adaptable diagnostic methods for public health quarantine in underdeveloped countries and regions.

Blood cholinesterase enzyme activity profile of fogging officers at the Makassar health quarantine centre

Blood cholinesterase enzyme activity profile of fogging officers at the Makassar health quarantine centre

The Correlation Among Job Satisfaction and the Performance of Health Quarantine Office Employees in Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Background: The current condition of the spread of global infectious diseases requires an institution to be more effective in managing employee human resources. The continuity of port health development carried out by the state can only be maintained if the quality of human resources receives serious attention from the government. Human resources are the most important driving factor of the organization's wheels, because employees play an active role in the organization as planners, actors and determinants of the realization of organizational goals. Objective: To determine the correlation between job satisfaction and employee performance. Method: Quantitative research with cross sectional design. The research sample amounted to 31 employee with the sample selection technique was saturated sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The instrument has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used the T test. Results: Employee performance has a good contribution, the ability to provide ideas and innovation in completing work. While the employee integrity indicator is in the low category. Overall, the average employee performance value shows variation in employee performance. For employee job satisfaction, the salary, compensation and promotion variables are in the good category. While the level of expertise and employee job elements are in the low category. The T test results were 2.385 > T table (2.045). Conclusion: There is a significant and positive relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance (0.508).

Reconstructing Legal Frameworks: Central-Local Government Collaboration during the Pandemic in Indonesia

This research discusses the issue of centralization and decentralization in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Indonesian context. Criticism of decentralization in COVID-19 was conveyed by Smith (2012), who considered it a form of centralization that strengthens narrow interests and threatens the public interest. This research also looks at the implementation of health decentralization in Natuna, which is experiencing severe challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, lack of timely available funds, and inadequate availability of vaccines and medical materials. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised challenges in coordinating and managing responses in various countries, with some adopting a centralized approach and others favoring decentralization. This research tries to explore the legal links between the central and regional governments in handling COVID-19 in Indonesia, with a focus on the impact of existing regulations such as Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine regarding cooperation and coordination between the central and regional governments in handling the pandemic. This research is vital because COVID-19 is a global health crisis affecting various social, economic, and political aspects. With a better understanding of the legal relationship between central and regional governments in handling the pandemic, it is hoped that response coordination and effectiveness can be improved, thereby saving lives and reducing adverse social and economic impacts. This research has the advantage of focusing on the legal relationship between the central and regional governments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and recommendations for reconstructing this legal relationship by referring to the 1945 Constitution. Good collaboration between the central and regional governments is considered vital in handling the COVID-19 pandemic -19 in the future.

Health Quarantine Law as Protection of the Fulfillment of Basic Rights in the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah

This study was motivated by the implementation of the Health Security Law as ius constitutum, which on the one hand requires the state to protect public health through health quarantine, but on the other hand, it is also burdened with the obligation to guarantee the right to life of its people. Therefore, this article is directed at tracing the rationale for protecting dharuriyat al-khamsah in the law intended from the perspective of fiqh al-siyasah. Through doctrinaire legal research methods, this article offers two conclusions, namely first, from the perspective of fiqh al-siyasah which postulates that every legal decision formulated by the authorities must be based on the problems of the people, then the presence of the UU KK has reflected the beneficial values desired in the postulates of fiqh al -siyasah. Then the second conclusion, in terms of protection against dharuriyat al-khamsah, the presence of the UU KK has provided a definite guarantee of the right to public health which has resulted in ensuring hifd al-nafs.

Judicial Review of Hospitals' Legal Responsibility of Patients' Rights After the Covid-19 Pandemic

Normatively, the legal responsibilities of hospitals in fulfilling patient rights are stipulated in the Health Act, the Hospital Act, and the Medical Practice Act. During the Covid-19 pandemic, which was declared a health emergency, various statutory provisions were also enacted, such as Infectious Disease Outbreak Law, Health Quarantine Law, Presidential Decree Number 11 of 2020 concerning the Determination of the National Public Health Emergency of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and Minister of Health Regulation Number 4 of 2018 concerning Hospital Obligations and Patient Obligations. In practice, the increasing number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia has resulted in hospitals being unable to accommodate patients who need treatment, especially patients with severe and critical conditions who require ICU treatment rooms. This study aims to find out hospital’s legal responsibility after the Covid-19 pandemic, especially for the protection of patient’s medical record security under the scheme of telemedicine services. In terms of facilities and infrastructure, the government needs to provide support by increasing the number of emergency hospitals to accommodate patients. This study uses normative juridical research methods supported by empirical studies. The results show that despite limitations in providing excellent health services to patients, hospitals must still maintain the rights of patient’s medical record security and safety while undergoing hospitalization. Legal umbrella is neeeded to guarantee the rights of health workers and hospitals in providing services to patients during this pandemic, especially the protection of Occupational Health and labor social security norms.

Research on Integrated 3D Printing of Microfluidic Chips.

Microfluidic chips have the advantages of miniaturization, integration, and portability, and are widely used in the early diagnosis of major diseases, personalized medical treatment, environmental detection, health quarantine, and other fields. The existing microfluidic chip manufacturing process is difficult to operate because of complex three-dimensional channels, complicated manufacturing steps, limited printing materials, the difficulty of operating the bonding process, and the need to purchase expensive new equipment. In this paper, an integrated molding method for microfluidic chips that integrates 3D printing and polymer dissolution technology is proposed. First, the channel mold of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or high impact polystyrene (HIPS) is dissolved to complete the manufacturing of the microfluidic chip channel. The integrated 3D-forming method of microfluidic chips proposed in this paper can manufacture microchannels inside the microfluidic chip, avoid the bonding process, and eliminate the need for rapid alignment of microchannels, material modification, and other operations, thus improving the stability of the process. Finally, by comparing the microchannels made by PVA and HIPS, it is concluded that the quality of the microchannels made by HIPS is obviously better than that made by PVA. This paper provides a new idea for the fabrication of microfluidic chips and the application of HIPS.

Visual analysis of the prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in Chinese ports.

In 2022, COVID-19 solutions in China have entered a normal stage, and the solutions imported from ports have been transformed from emergency prevention and control measures to investigative long-term prevention and control measures. Therefore, it is necessary to study solutions for COVID-19 at border ports. In this study, 170 research papers related to the prevention and control measures of COVID-19 at ports from 2020 to September 2022 were retrieved from Wanfang database, HowNet database, Wip database, and WoS core collection. Citespace 6.1.R2 software was used to research institutions visualize and analyze researchers and keywords to explore their research hotspots and trends. After analysis, the overall volume of documents issued in the past 3years was stable. The major contributors are scientific research teams such as the Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Sciences (Han Hui et al.) and Beijing Customs (Sun Xiaodong et al.), with less cross-agency cooperation. The top five high-frequency keywords with cumulative frequency are as follows: COVID-19 (29 times), epidemic prevention and control (29 times), ports (28 times), health quarantine (16 times), and risk assessment (16 times). The research hotspots in the field of prevention and control measures for COVID-19 at ports are constantly changing with the progress of epidemic prevention and control. Cooperation between research institutions needs to be strengthened urgently. The research hotspots are the imported epidemic prevention and control, risk assessment, port health quarantine, and the normalized epidemic prevention and control mechanism, which is the trend of research and needs further exploration in the future.

KEBANGKITAN INDUSTRI HOSPITALITY DI KOTA BATAM PASCA PANDEMI COVID 2019

Batam City, which at the beginning of its development was the establishment of the Batam Authority Board with the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 41 of 1973 concerning the Batam Island Industrial Area, which is currently the Batam City Concession Agency, has a strategic location, supported by good infrastructure facilities so that Batam City is the prima donna for domestic and foreign tourists. According to data from the Batam City Government, the number of tourist visits in 2019 before the Covid 19 Pandemic hit reached 6 million domestic tourists and 1.9 million foreign tourists. The Covid 19 pandemic that hit all countries in the world has eroded the Batam City tourism sector due to the imposition of health quarantine by every country with restrictions on people's movements and gatherings. At this time, after the 2019 covid pandemic, all parties, both the community in general, the government and tourism business people, hope and work hard to restore the Batam City tourism industry so that it can recover as before. Of course the support and development of the hospitality industry is an important factor for the advancement of Batam City tourism. The hospitality industry is a type of business or business that prioritizes customer satisfaction by being friendly, sincere and loving. The hospitality industry needs to pay attention to comfort by providing the best service, cleanliness, and so on other support such as the best food and drinks.

Mathematical model studying the effect of vaccination rate on the spreading of respiratory system virus

This research try to study how vaccination rate and vaccine efficiency can affect the infection by respiratory system viruses using dynamical system. Depending on epidemiological state of the study community we divided it into four group : S (healthy),V (who get vaccine), I (who get infection) and Q (who attended to health quarantine). By solving all the equations of system we can found that the system has two equilibrium point. On the other hand the system was locally analyzed. And the numerical analysis of the system showed that rapid increase in infection rate when we have low vaccination rate and decrease in infection rate when increase vaccination rate and also explain how vaccine efficiency effect on development and spreading of disease.

Enforcement Of Restrictions On Community Activities (PPKM) For The Emergency Period Of Covid-19 (Certificate of Vaccination Identification With Artificial Intelligence) In Terms Of Indonesia's Criminal Justice System

The implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) as an effort to control the spread of Covid-19 carried out by the government to deal with the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, in its implementation, the PPKM policy has encountered various problems such as the application of sanctions that refer to the Criminal Code, laws, and Regional Regulations. In fact, the basis for implementing this PPKM is only based on the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs. This makes the government seem selective in implementing a regulation. This research uses normative juridical research using a statute approach, descriptive analytical research and qualitative research forms. Based on the results of the study, it is known that: The regulation of criminal law against violators of the Emergency PPKM rules in the Indonesian criminal justice system, namely according to the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 16 of 2021 concerning Amendment to the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 15 of 2021 concerning the Imposition of Restrictions on Emergency Community Activities for Corona Virus Disease 2019 in the Java and Bali Regions in point (c) it is stated that "Everyone can be subject to sanctions for those who commit violations in the context of controlling infectious disease outbreaks based on: Article 212 - Article 218 of the Criminal Code, Article 14 of Law no. 4 of 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, and Article 93 of Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, Regional Regulations, Regional Head Regulations, Provisions of other relevant laws and regulations. Criminal liability for perpetrators of violators of the Emergency PPKM rules in the Indonesian criminal justice system, namely Article 212 of the Criminal Code, is punishable by a maximum imprisonment of one year and four months or a maximum fine of Rp. 4,500. Article 218 is threatened with a maximum of four months and two weeks or a maximum fine of Rp. 9,000. Article 14 of Law no. 4 of 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, paragraph (1) is punishable by a maximum imprisonment of 1 year and/or a maximum fine of Rp. 1,000,000. Paragraph (2) is subject to a maximum imprisonment of 6 months and/or a maximum fine of Rp. 500,000. Article 93 of Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine is subject to a maximum imprisonment of 1 year and/or a maximum fine of Rp. 100,000,000.

STATUS DARURAT KESEHATAN AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM TATA NEGARA DARURAT DI INDONESIA

The COVID-19 pandemic which hit Indonesia has caused problems about the national emergency status that was announced on March, 31st 2020. Several local governments has requested to grant permission for doing own lockdown. The President also opened the option to declare the civil emergency for the worst-case scenario. This research analyzes the health emergency in the Indonesian legal system and the concept of lockdown and civil emergency that caused by such outbreak. This research is a doctrinal research using conceptual, legal and statutes approach. The result shows that the health emergency has been regulated on Law number 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine. However, due to the vacuum of norm of its technical regulations in early pandemic, policies in order to handle COVID-19 was based on BNPB degree. The lockdown concept in Indonesian Law also had two means according to Health Quarantine Law namely Regional Quarantine and Large-scale Social Restrictions. Both are the authority of central government. Besides, it is concluded that The Civil Emergency is not appropriate if it is based on a disease outbreak such as COVID-19.

Upaya Pemulihan Pendapatan Nasional Sektor Pariwisata Melalui Kebijakan Fiskal di Indonesia Pasca Pandemi

The tourism sector is a contributor to state revenue in the form of foreign exchange and plays a role in increasing productivity and reducing unemployment. The existence of COVID-19 has greatly affected the balance of national income, which has decreased. The sectors most affected are transportation, travel, warehouses and the accommodation and food provision sector. Then the other sector is the tourism sector in Indonesia, about 11.83% of Indonesian workers are in the tourism industry sector. The purpose of this study is to review the impact of Covid -19 which has resulted in the decline of the tourism industry sector in Indonesia and also to respond to Government policies to handle the impact The existence of health quarantine policies, social distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) greatly affects the activities of the tourism and manufacturing sectors which causes economic growth to slow down so that national income declines. Tourism is one of the sectors most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism sector is the mainstay sector of the national economy that has the potential to encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This is indicated by the increase in the development of foreign tourist arrivals, foreign exchange receipts from the tourism sector, and the contribution of the tourism sector to national GDP. Reduced labor force, unemployment and poverty will increase will cause state revenues in the form of income tax (PPh) to decrease, therefore there needs to be a strategy for economic recovery in the tourism sector, namely fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is one of the economic policies launched by a country to manage and direct the economy to a more conducive condition. The way that this economic policy is highlighted is by changing or updating the management of state revenues and expenditures. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and the data for this research is based on library research in the form of books, literature, journals, articles about the tourism industry, and how to recover in the post-pandemic, namely fiscal policy. Data obtained through the Central Statistics Agency regarding the development of tourism before and after the pandemic.

Upaya Pemulihan Pendapatan Nasional Sektor Pariwisata Melalui Kebijakan Fiskal di Indonesia Pasca Pandemi

The tourism sector is a contributor to state revenue in the form of foreign exchange and plays a role in increasing productivity and reducing unemployment. The existence of COVID-19 has greatly affected the balance of national income, which has decreased. The sectors most affected are transportation, travel, warehouses and the accommodation and food provision sector. Then the other sector is the tourism sector in Indonesia, about 11.83% of Indonesian workers are in the tourism industry sector. The purpose of this study is to review the impact of Covid -19 which has resulted in the decline of the tourism industry sector in Indonesia and also to respond to Government policies to handle the impact The existence of health quarantine policies, social distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) greatly affects the activities of the tourism and manufacturing sectors which causes economic growth to slow down so that national income declines. Tourism is one of the sectors most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism sector is the mainstay sector of the national economy that has the potential to encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This is indicated by the increase in the development of foreign tourist arrivals, foreign exchange receipts from the tourism sector, and the contribution of the tourism sector to national GDP. Reduced labor force, unemployment and poverty will increase will cause state revenues in the form of income tax (PPh) to decrease, therefore there needs to be a strategy for economic recovery in the tourism sector, namely fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is one of the economic policies launched by a country to manage and direct the economy to a more conducive condition. The way that this economic policy is highlighted is by changing or updating the management of state revenues and expenditures. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and the data for this research is based on library research in the form of books, literature, journals, articles about the tourism industry, and how to recover in the post-pandemic, namely fiscal policy. Data obtained through the Central Statistics Agency regarding the development of tourism before and after the pandemic.

Pemenuhan Kebijakan Sektor UMKM dan Pedagang Kaki Lima sebagai Pekerja Sektor Informal dalam Peningkatan Kegiatan Perekonomian Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

The deadly Covid-19 pandemic has spread to all corners of the world, causing the downgrade of the health sector, and economic sector, including Indonesia. Government appeals such as physical distancing, social distancing, and stay at home make people's needs decrease and cause economic turbulence, especially for MSMEs and street vendors; they are pillars of income for Indonesia. Considering that MSMEs that survive and experience an increase during the pandemic are those who can connect to the digital ecosystem, MSMEs and street vendors, together with the government, are obliged to carry out sustainable economic transformations such as innovation with the introduction of digitalization to facilitate transactions even though sellers and buyers do not meet up. Therefore as the rule of law, the government has provided convenience related to electronic business licensing for MSMEs and Street Vendors. The steps are followed with regulatory objectives Act Number 6 of 2018 about Health Quarantine although Government decree Number 21 of 2020 about Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the context of Accelerating the Handling of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) must prioritize health protocols even though it has entered the era of Adaptation of New Habits after soaring cases of covid-19. The government also presents MSME PEN Program as MSME Economic Recovery; nevertheless, policy effectiveness for affected MSMEs is more needed during this New Normal Period. Adoption of MSME Effective Restorative Policy is needed now because of the Ultra Micro Assistance movement, Love Local Products, and the Synergy of one MSME Data which is expected to be able to assist the government in implementing policy efficiency following with the realization of the value of Pancasila social justice for the whole of the people of Indonesia in the MSME Effective Restorative Policy.

The Position of Ministerial Instructions in the Indonesian State Administration System on the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM)

This study discusses the position of ministerial instructions in the Indonesian constitutional system for the implementation of restrictions on community activities as a result of the widespread spread of the corona virus disease (Covid-19) in Indonesia. The government issues policies that limit community activities, as well as other directives. Although the policy is considered effective by the government, it must be in line with the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia. This research is a normative research that uses legal material collection techniques through library research methods and is described qualitatively. This study explains how the position of ministerial instructions in the Indonesian constitutional system, the legal basis for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) to the legal politics of regulating the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM). The conclusion of this study is that the PPKM policy is a formal policy that is flawed, because Article 8 paragraph (2) of Law Number 12 of 2011 is violated in the stipulation of legislation. Although there are formal defects in the training process, PPKM substantially has similar characteristics to PSBB, which is regulated in Law Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020. So it can be said that the legal product for implementing PPKM does not conflict with the rules laid down. above or above. Based on Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, health is not the absolute authority of the central government. Therefore, local governments have the authority to determine and enact regional regulations that specifically regulate PPKM.
 Keywords: The Minister’s Instruction; Constitutional System; PPKM

TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA KEKARANTINAAN KESEHATAN DALAM PENANGGULANGAN WABAH COVID-19 DI KOTA MEDAN

Law enforcement aims to improve order and legal certainty in society. As a form of efforts to achieve a comprehensive rule of law in law enforcement, especially when a certain virus outbreak or pandemic occurs, the Government together with the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia. The role of the government and the community in the successful implementation of the Emergency Community Activity Restriction (PPKM) is in line with how the role is in the fulfillment of rights and obligations. The research method in this study is a normative legal approach. The main object is the norms or rules of positive legal rules that regulate criminal law policies as an effort to overcome the Covid-19 emergency. The criminal law enforcement process against perpetrators of health protocol violations in the city of Medan is in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, however the government has not fully fulfilled the rights of the community during the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). ). The role of the people of Medan City in dealing with Covid-19 and compliance with PPKM is still considered low. Based on data from the Medan City Government, the number of violations of the Covid-19 health protocol in Medan City is increasing. The latest data, from July 15 to August 09, 2021, as many as 52 people who violated health protocols (prokes) during Emergency PPKM and Level 4 PPKM in Medan City. The 52 people are non-essential, namely business actors and traders and have undergone a trial for minor crimes.

Sanctions for Rejection of Covid-19 Vaccines seen from the Perspective of the Human Rights Act and the Health Quarantine Act

Presidential Regulation Number 99 of 2020 concerning Vaccine Procurement and Vaccination Implementation in the Context of Combating the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. The method used is normative using a statute approach, which is carried out by reviewing all laws and regulations related to this research. Collecting data from this study through primary legal materials consisting of legislation, official records or minutes in the making of legislation and judges' decisions. Meanwhile, secondary legal materials are in the form of textbooks, legal dictionaries, legal journals, and comments on court decisions. Is the refusal of a Covid-19 vaccine a violation of human rights law? And is refusing the Covid-19 vaccine a violation of the Health Quarantine Act? From this study, it can be concluded that the application of sanctions for the rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine is a form of legal protection for the community, as a form of effort to prevent the spread of the corona virus. Where the government has an obligation to protect the public from the risk of transmission of the covid-19 disease outbreak. Keywords - rejection sanctions, covid-19 vaccine, protection.