Health Issue In Indonesia Research Articles

Upaya Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Pengendalian Penduduk Dan Keluarga Berencana Dalam Penurunan Angka Stunting Di Kota Bengkulu

Stunting is a serious health issue in Indonesia that affects the physical and cognitive development of children. The city of Bengkulu has shown a significant decline in stunting rates, from 22.2% in 2021 to 6.2% in 2024, through the implementation of various strategic programs. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning Agency (DP3AP2KB) in Bengkulu City to reduce stunting rates. This research employs a qualitative approach using descriptive methods through non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The technique for determining informants uses purposive sampling, with the main informant being staff from the DP3AP2KB involved in handling stunting. The research results show that key programs such as the Foster Parent for Stunting Children (BAAS), Peer Counseling for Adolescents (Koreya), Mini Workshops, and Stunting Case Audits have been implemented, to innovative strategies such as counseling and TPK orientation, as well as intensive assistance to pregnant women and toddlers through posyandu cadres. Collaborative efforts involving various sectors and the community have played a vital role in raising awareness about the importance of the First 1000 Days of Life. Despite challenges like limited funding and low awareness, the program serves as a national model for reducing stunting rates through cross-sector collaboration and community-focused initiatives.

The correlation between temperature and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Malang Regency – Indonesia: A spatial – temporal analysis

Dengue is vital health issue in Indonesia, in which it is burdening health and economic among population. This study aims to analyse the relationship between temperature and dengue fever cases in Malang Regency, East Java Province- Indonesia, from 2014 to 2018. A quantitative ecological time-series design was employed. The dependent variable was dengue cases, and the independent variable was temperature. Data analysis involved descriptive spatial analysis using QGIS 3.0 and Spearman correlation tests with Stata. Correlations between dengue cases and temperature were assessed from lag 0 to lag 3 months. The dengue case was recorded 4,505 cases. Dengue cases peaked in 2015 (1,331 cases) and 2016 (1,140 cases), with the highest incidence observed in February 2015 and January 2016. A significant correlation was found between temperature and dengue cases at lag 2-3 months (p<0.05). The spatial analysis also indicates that dengue fever cases in Malang Regency exhibit a clustered pattern, with the clusters predominantly located in urban areas. Temperature significantly influences dengue incidence in Malang Regency, particularly with a lag of 2-3 months. These findings suggest the importance of integrating temperature data into early warning systems for targeted dengue prevention and control strategies in vulnerable areas for climate change.

Community-based education using tempeh nugget modules to increase plant-based protein consumption in preventing stunting

Stunting remains a serious public health issue in Indonesia, including in Karangmuncang Village, Cigandamekar District, Kuningan Regency. One potential solution to this nutritional problem is increasing the consumption of plant-based foods, such as tempeh. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational module based on tempeh nuggets in increasing plant-based protein consumption among housewives with children under five in Karangmuncang. The research used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, involving 60 randomly selected respondents. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with five main sections: demographic data (age, education, employment, number of children, family income), knowledge about plant-based foods (definition, sources, benefits, and their role in preventing stunting), attitudes toward plant-based consumption (confidence, willingness to try tempeh, and perception of food variety), plant-based consumption behavior (frequency, processing method, and frequency of cooking tempeh), and acceptance of tempeh nuggets (interest, taste assessment, routine consumption plan, and perception of benefits). After four weeks of educational intervention, data were analyzed using the paired T-test for knowledge, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for attitudes and acceptance, and the Chi-Square test for tempeh consumption behavior. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, consumption behavior, and acceptance of tempeh nuggets (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the educational module effectively increases awareness and adoption of plant-based protein foods in the community. Future research should involve larger sample sizes, extended intervention periods, and explore other factors influencing behavior change.

Preventing stunting among adolescents by increasing knowledge and awareness of local food utilization

Stunting remains a critical public health issue in Indonesia. The "Acceleration of Stunting Reduction" program is targeting adolescents (teenagers) as one of its key groups. This reflects the understanding that adolescents play a vital role in overcoming the problem of stunting, both as parents-to-be and as individuals who can experience the negative impact of malnutrition, which in turn contributes to the incidence of stunting. This study exposing the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving adolescent knowledge and awareness about stunting and the utilization of local foods as preventive measures. Conducted at State Senior High School of Kademangan (SMKN 1 Kademangan), Blitar, the study involved 101 eleventh-grade students who participated in a series of counselling (educational sessions) on topic stunting and local food utilization. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess changes in knowledge across seven key areas related to stunting and nutrition. The results indicated substantial improvements in understanding, with knowledge increases ranging from 37% to 58% across all areas. These findings underscore the importance of targeted nutritional education in enhancing adolescent health literacy. Ongoing educational sessions, practical activities, and further research are recommended to sustain and build upon these gains, ultimately contributing to the reduction of stunting prevalence in Indonesia.

The Relationship Between Drinking Water Treatment and Clean Water Sources on The Incidence of Stunting

Stunting, a growth failure in children under five caused by chronic malnutrition, continues to be a major health issue in Indonesia, especially in Banjar Regency, where prevalence rates have varied between 26.4% and 40.2% from 2021 to 2023. This study sought to examine the correlation between drinking water treatment, clean water sources, and the prevalence of stunting in Banjar Regency. The study employed an analytical observational methodology, sampling 110 children aged 0-59 months in the Astambul District by simple random sampling, and gathered data using questionnaires and observation sheets. Key findings indicated a notable association between clean water treatment and the frequency of stunting, however no significant relationship was seen between clean water sources and the occurrence of stunting. These findings underscore the essential need of water treatment methods in preventing stunting, indicating that the availability of clean water sources alone may be inadequate. The study finds that integrated strategies targeting both water quality and nutritional aspects are crucial for effectively tackling stunting in the region, highlighting the necessity for focused interventions in water treatment in conjunction with nutritional programs.

Water pollution and sanitation in Indonesia: a review on water quality, health and environmental impacts, management, and future challenges.

As an archipelagic tropical developing country, Indonesia is characterized by vast expanses of rural and isolated areas. This review aims to discuss water pollution and sanitation's existing condition, health, and environmental impacts, alongside its management and challenges in Indonesia. The systematic review approach was utilized to ensure transparency and replicability, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Many water sources in Indonesia are contaminated by various pollutants such as heavy metals, microplastics, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Moreover, the existing water and wastewater treatment plants cannot completely remove pollutants, including bacteria that cause waterborne diseases. The lack of proper sanitation facilities, including toilets and latrines, is not only reported in rural areas but also in peri-urban regions of Indonesia. This situation forces many to rely on unimproved water sources, such as river water, for their daily use and engage in open defecation, which may increase the risk of direct exposure to waterborne contaminants. Insufficient sanitation has been linked to significant public health issues in Indonesia, including maternal health complications, childhood stunting, and an increased incidence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea. Based on the findings of this review, Indonesia still needs to improve its sanitation and water treatment facilities, as well as reduce pollution of the aquatic environment. This condition not only illustrates the condition of water and sanitation in Indonesia but can also be used as an illustration of how developing countries face various pollution and sanitation problems during the massive development and industry.

Traditional beliefs and practices of postpartum care in rural East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Maternal mortality remains a pressing public health issue in Indonesia, particularly for mothers residing in rural regions who often forego postnatal health services due to traditional beliefs and practices. This qualitative research delved into the cultural perspectives of the local community to gain insight into the care practices of postpartum mothers in rural areas of NTT Province, Indonesia. The study involved in-depth interviews with nine participants, including four postpartum mothers, four family members, and one village midwife, with the interview data analyzed thematically. The research revealed that cultural beliefs and practices revolving around the postpartum period in NTT align with shared beliefs and traditional practices found in various Asian societies. This includes behavioral taboos and food restrictions. The study also identified two primary postpartum traditions aimed at restoring the postpartum mother's body heat and strength. All postpartum mothers adhere to traditional care practices because they believe in their benefits, pressure from family members, and fear of non-compliance consequences. However, postnatal mothers and their families have low postnatal care visits and do not receive adequate information about postpartum care. Health literacy for postpartum women and their families in rural areas needs to be improved and health workers should provide culturally sensitive maternal health services.

A 70-year-old Woman with Necrotic Wound Complications Following a Snake Bite

Snake bites pose a significant public health issue in Indonesia, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Proper identification of snake species and timely management are crucial. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department 1.5 hours after being bitten by a snake. Initial management included applying a tourniquet and symptomatic treatment. However, local envenomation signs, such as edema and bullae, developed within 24 hours. Due to financial constraints, the patient could not receive continuous care, leading to complications, including necrosis and signs of secondary infection during follow-up. This case underscores the importance of early intervention and proper wound management in snake bites, particularly when the species is unidentified. Close monitoring is essential, as symptoms may evolve over time. Educating the patients and public regarding signs of necrosis and proper initial treatment is necessary. Effective management of snake bites requires a comprehensive approach, including prompt medical attention and ongoing education to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Snake bite, envenomation, wound management, public health

Effectiveness of Breadfruit Leaf Extract (Artocarpus altilis) in Improving Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) Components in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bone Regency - Indonesia

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health issue in Indonesia. While previous studies have found the effectiveness of breadfruit leaf capsules in improving metabolic status among prediabetics, limited studies exist on their effectiveness in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of breadfruit leaves extract in improving components of MetS in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The study was conducted as a double blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). A total of 46 participants were recruited through public announcements. The intervention group received breadfruit leaf capsules, while the control group received placebo. Measurements of blood glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, blood pressure, consumption patterns, and anthropometry were conducted both before the intervention (pre-treatment) and after the 21-day intervention period (post-treatment). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing independent t-tests and paired t-tests. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value <0.05. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the decrease in the breadfruit leaf extract group was greater than in the control group, both in systolic blood pressure (15.43±2.57 mmHg vs 7.13±2.77 mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure (5.00±2.27 mmHg vs 4.7±2.88 mmHg). Blood glucose levels in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the decrease in the breadfruit leaf extract group was greater than in the control group (76.44±49.86 mg/dL vs 23.83±8.37 mg/dL). HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the control group and breadfruit leaf extract group were both significantly different in pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<0.05). But the changes in the breadfruit leaf extract group were greater than in the control group (21.09±15.43 mg/dL vs 6.31±6.0 mg/dL), and triglyceride levels decreased more in the breadfruit leaf extract group than in the control group (57.74±35.72 mg/dL vs 22.6±11 mg/dL). Changes in metabolic syndrome components in DM sufferers were significant in both the breadfruit leaf extract group and the control group, but the changes in the intervention group were better when compared to the control group. Further research needs to be carried out with larger samples and a longer duration of intervention to confirm these results. Key words: Artocarpus, blood, breadfruit, cholesterol, glucose, HDL, metabolic syndrome, prediabetics, triglycerides

KOMUNIKASI, INFORMASI, EDUKASI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI SEBAGAI STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN PAKANSARI CIBINONG, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Hypertension is a significant health issue in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 30.8%. This community service activity aims to enhance the knowledge of residents in Pakansari Village regarding hypertension and its management through education on dietary patterns and using fruits and vegetables. The methods employed in this activity include Information and Education Activities, which consist of presentations, discussions, practical sessions on making healthy juices from local ingredients, and counseling. The results indicate an improvement in participants' knowledge, with an average post-test score reaching 95%, compared to a pre-test score of 88%. Additionally, participants successfully practiced making healthy beverages that can be incorporated into their daily routines to help control blood pressure. This activity will positively impact community health and encourage healthier lifestyle changes.

Addressing Imbalance Data Label Distribution in Dengue Severity Classification with Hybrid Machine Learning Approach

Early detection of disease is essential for ensuring proper diagnosis and treatment, which helps to reduce complications and limit the spread of cases. Dengue fever remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, with some regions reporting case fatality rates above 1%. This study aims to develop a robust classification model to predict the severity of dengue fever based on laboratory data, addressing the issue of imbalanced label distribution. To achieve this, we applied a combination of oversampling, machine learning, and optimization techniques. Specifically, we utilized the SMOTE-ENN method to enhance the representation of minority classes and applied XGBoost for multi-class classification. Additionally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to fine-tune the model’s hyperparameters. After testing 15 experimental scenarios, the hybrid SMOTE-ENN-XGBoost-PSO approach delivered the best performance, achieving an accuracy of 95% and an F1-score of 94%. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively handles data imbalance and improves predictive accuracy. This research serves as a foundation for future work in applying advanced algorithms and Federated Learning to improve multi-class classification in healthcare.

Differences in Predation Power between Molly Fish (Poecilia Sphenops) And Mosquito Fish (Gambusia Affinis) as Predators of Aedes Sp Mosquito Larvae

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) continues to be a major public health issue in Indonesia, as chemical management approaches present environmental and health hazards. This research examined the effectiveness of two fish species, Molly Fish (Poecilia sphenops) and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), as biological control agents against Aedes sp. larvae in Kalimantan. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design to compare the predation rates of these fish on Aedes sp. larvae over a duration of three hours. Nine replicates were performed for each fish species, utilizing 25 larvae per trial. The research indicated that Molly Fish had a higher predation rate, consuming an average of 55.11% of larvae, in contrast to Mosquitofish at 40.88%. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated a statistically significant difference in predation capacity between the two species (p < 0.000). Both fish species had a normal data distribution; however, the variances were not uniform. The control group, devoid of predator fish, exhibited no larval mortality. The findings indicate that Molly Fish may be more efficacious in managing Aedes sp. larvae numbers, providing a sustainable and environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical control approaches. The study advocates for the incorporation of Molly Fish in community-oriented vector control initiatives, specifically in water storage containers and other stagnant water sources. Future studies should examine the long-term efficacy of these fish species and assess additional potential biological control agents for complete mosquito management techniques.

Formulation of Ethanol Extract Cream of Sikkam Leaves (Bischofia javanica Blume) as an Antifungal Against Candida albicans

Skin health issues in Indonesia, including those caused by fungal infections such as (Candida albicans), can lead to various conditions like candidiasis, scabies, tungiasis, and leprosy. This study aims to evaluate the potential of sikkam leaf extract in developing an antifungal cream to combat (Candida albicans). Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that cannot photosynthesize and reproduce through branching filaments composed of hyphae. Fungi can thrive in diverse environments such as water, soil, and decaying organic matter. A cream is a semi-solid emulsion preparation in which one or more medicinal substances are dissolved or dispersed within a base. This formulation determines the cream’s effectiveness, including the optimal ethanol extract concentration needed for antifungal activity. Extraction of sikkam leaves was conducted using maceration with 70% ethanol, and creams were formulated with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The study results showed that sikkam leaf-based creams meet quality standards, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and physical stability. Effectiveness testing indicated that creams with 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations produced inhibition zones against (Candida albicans) with average diameters of 6.3 mm, 9 mm, and 15.3 mm, respectively. The higher the extract concentration, the stronger the inhibition of fungal growth. The cream with a 15% concentration proved to be the most effective, with inhibition classified as strong. Thus, sikkam leaf extract shows potential as a key ingredient for antifungal cream formulations.

THE URGENCY OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS IN INDONESIA

Marijuana legalization remains a contentious public health issue in Indonesia. Despite public debates sparked by a mother's appeal for medicinal marijuana last June, Indonesia maintains strict anti-drug measures under its Narcotics Law, which prohibits the use of all elements of marijuana in medical treatments. However, medicinal marijuana has gained recognition in other jurisdictions for its potential to treat various chronic illnesses. This study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology, relying on secondary sources, legislation, and scholarly analyses. The findings emphasize the urgent need to legalize medicinal marijuana as a critical intervention for specific medical conditions. While possession and use of marijuana remain illegal, Indonesia's ratification of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 allows for research and the controlled use of medicinal marijuana. By examining the experiences of nations with established medical marijuana legislation and emphasizing further research on its applications, this study advocates for the legalization of medicinal marijuana in Indonesia under stringent regulations.

Research trends in increasing cadre capacity in efforts to reduce stunting in Indonesia: A review.

Stunting is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, characterized by a very high prevalence. The Indonesian government places utmost importance on prevention. Preventive measures and timely identification are crucial, particularly by trained personnel. The research aims to uncover patterns in the enhancement of cadre ability to mitigate the prevalence of stunting. A review was conducted using data from content analysis, which focuses on results from several studies published in health journals listed on Scopus. The search is conducted using Scopus, with the terms "cadre," "stunting," and "Indonesia" within 2018 to 2023. The research shows that increasing the capacity of cadres can be done by increasing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, skills, perceptions of effectiveness, self-efficacy, with training intervention methods, short courses and collaborative interventions with all parties for the entire community through cadres as the front line in reducing stunting as well.

Dakwah dan Konseling dalam Menghadapi Isu Kesehatan Mental di Indonesia

Mental health is an issue that is receiving more attention in Indonesia, especially amidst rapid social and cultural changes. This research explores the role of religious preaching (dakwah) and counseling in addressing societal mental health problems. The method used in this research is literature study. The authors gathers and analyzes various relevant sources, including journal articles, books, and reports from related institutions. The main findings of this research show that dakwah can be an effective tool in increasing awareness and understanding of mental health among the public while counseling based on religious values can provide the emotional and spiritual support needed by individuals experiencing mental health problems. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of collaboration between mental health practitioners and religious leaders to create a holistic approach to addressing mental health issues in Indonesia.

Stunting Prevention Strategy with a Local Wisdom Approach

This study examines the use of sawi langit (Cyanthillium cinereum) as an alternative traditional treatment for worm infections, which is one of the causes of stunting in children. Stunting is a major health issue in Indonesia, with a high prevalence in Maluku Province. The study was conducted in Kelurahan Pandan Kasturi, Kecamatan Sirimau, Kota Ambon, using a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the use of sawi langit as a worm treatment passed down through generations. The findings show that the local community effectively uses sawi langit decoction to prevent and treat worm infections in children. This plant contains active compounds such as flavonoids and tannins, which have anti-parasitic and antioxidant properties, effectively minimizing the negative impact of worm infections while supporting overall health. The simple method of boiling sawi langit reflects the utilization of local wisdom as an affordable health solution. The study suggests the need for further research to detail the active compounds and conduct clinical trials on humans to optimize its medical benefits. Thus, sawi langit has the potential to contribute to stunting prevention through a natural, affordable approach, while also preserving valuable traditional knowledge.

Training on producing eucalyptus and betel leaf oil for dengue fever prevention

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia and is endemic in nearly all provinces. The mortality rate from DHF continues to rise each year. To address this, health education on dengue fever prevention is essential. One preventive measure involves the use of natural ingredients. Betel leaves, in particular, can kill mosquito larvae due to the toxic substances they contain, which are especially harmful to mosquito larvae. Therefore, community service activities are necessary to raise awareness and provide practical solutions. This activity was conducted in Jetis Village, Sukoharjo, targeting 30 women in the Family Welfare Program (PKK) from the local community. The implementation included the preparation of pre-tests and post-tests, as well as training sessions. The questionnaire used in this activity assessed participants' skills through a pretest, followed by training in making eucalyptus and betel leaf oil, and concluded with a post-test. The results showed a significant improvement in the participants' skills, with most moving from "moderately competent" to "competent," as indicated by a P-value of 0.001. It can be concluded that the oil-making training effectively improved the skills of the PKK women.

Breastfeeding Status and Infectious Diseases among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Indonesia

Introduction: Infectious diseases remain public health issues in Indonesia. However, there remains a knowledge gap on whether breastfeeding can prevent infectious diseases in young children. This study examined the relationship between current breastfeeding and child infections in Indonesia. Methods: Data were derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey by including 5158 children aged 6–23 months. The dependent variables were diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). The main exposure of interest was the current breastfeeding status. Covariates included factors at the child, maternal, household, health care, and community levels. Results: Around 20%, 38%, and 4% of children experienced diarrhea, fever, and ARI, respectively. Current breastfeeding status was protective against diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89) but not related to fever (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.82–1.11) and ARI (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.70–1.47). Other factors related to diarrhea included female children, older maternal age, maternal higher education, improved drinking water source, and living in Sulawesi. Living in Sumatera and Sulawesi were linked to fever. Higher birth orders and improved toilet facilities were associated with ARI. Conclusion: The findings indicate different levels of factors affecting child infections. Thus, integrating breastfeeding promotions with water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions may help prevent infectious diseases in young children.

SI TUTI-BASED GIRLS' SCHOOL (ANTI-STUNTING LITERACY)

Background: Stunting is a major public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas where limited access to health information exacerbates the problem. Empowering women through health literacy is essential in addressing stunting and related health risks. Specific Background: In Gedangan Village, Pasuruan Regency, high rates of stunting, poor maternal nutrition, and the prevalence of early marriage have been identified as key challenges. Existing interventions have lacked comprehensive, community-based approaches to stunting prevention. Knowledge Gap: There is a need for scalable models that combine education, digital tools, and community involvement to effectively address stunting at the local level. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SI TUTI (Anti-Stunting Literacy) Based Women's School Program, designed to empower women through education and digital resources to reduce stunting rates. Results: The program involved PKK Cadres, Posyandu, and Aisyiyah Branch Members, with the SI TUTI mini book and ASTUTI application as key tools. Post-training assessments showed a 30% increase in participants' understanding of stunting, with a 95% satisfaction rate regarding educational materials and media. The use of digital tools facilitated improved access to health information. Novelty: This program integrates traditional education methods with digital innovations, offering a replicable model that addresses stunting at the grassroots level, enhancing community engagement through localized content and accessible health literacy tools. Implications: The program demonstrates potential for broader application in similar rural contexts, contributing to the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals related to public health and well-being. Future efforts will focus on program expansion and continuous evaluation to ensure long-term sustainability and effectiveness in stunting prevention.