Health Evaluation System Research Articles

Chicken Flock Response Health Evaluation System Based on Laser Stimulation and Deep Learning Technique

Chicken Flock Response Health Evaluation System Based on Laser Stimulation and Deep Learning Technique

Ecology Health Evaluation System Based on Fish Movement Behavior Response

Using fish as indicator organisms to monitor water quality can accurately reflect the pollution status of aquatic environments in real time. Currently, there are limited quantitative and empirical studies on fish movement behavior. An experimental study on the fish movement behavior response during water quality change was conducted using an aquatic environment model. Advanced acoustic tag monitoring technology was used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess fish movement. Using the temporal and spatial distributions of fish motion behavioral trajectories during water quality change, the fish behavior response indicators were the distance between the fish and the source of pollution, the distance between the fish and the water surface, and fish swimming speed. The fish were sensitive to water quality factors, including dissolved oxygen (DO) content, microcystin aeruginosa toxin (MC-LR), and non-ionic ammonia (NH3). The correlations between indicator pairs were analyzed. A new water ecological health evaluation system based on these indicators was constructed, and aquatic ecological health in the field was evaluated using the new system. The evaluation showed a sub-healthy state in spring and a slightly morbid to morbid state in summer, which was consistent with the results based on water quality indices. The accuracy of the proposed assessment system was verified. This showed that the assessment method and grade division of the assessment system were reasonable and feasible and could reflect the health status of the aquatic ecological environment in real time. This study provides a basis for the assessment of the health and restoration effects of the aquatic ecological environment.

Establishment and application of the health evaluation system for rain-sourced rivers and lakes in coastal cities

Abstract Conducting a health assessment of rivers and lakes is a technical approach that enables the accurate diagnosis of water health status and scientific analysis of aquatic ecological environments. This paper focuses on studying the typical rain-sourced water bodies of Huangrigang River and Dishui Lake (DSL) in Lin-gang, Shanghai. The Australian Stream Condition Index and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to establish a typical river and lake health evaluation index system. Expert scoring and least-squares methods were used to determine the weights of each index, and a quartile method was used to establish the evaluation criteria. The evaluation results indicate that the health status of the Huangrigang River is sub-healthy with a score of 72.1, whereas DSL is healthy with a score of 75.7. The low flow velocity of the regional river and the weak mobility of the water body are the main issues affecting the health status of the HRGR. Additionally, the density of phytoplankton in the river is significantly high. Dripping Lake is faced with two major problems: a high risk of eutrophication and a high density of phytoplankton in the lake. This article provides theoretical support for the sustainable use of regional water resource.

A database of rural children’s mental health and its influencing factors

With the accelerated urbanization, the gap between urban and rural areas in educational resources has gradually increased, and the healthy growth of rural children needs more attention. To understand the mental health of rural children and its influencing factors, we conducted a survey on the living conditions of primary school students in 16 rural elementary schools in seven provinces in 2021. Finally, we collected 2,498 valid questionnaires, revealing that 24.49% of rural children were at risk of depression, and 25.72% reported experiencing moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. This database boasts immense potential for various applications and allows for in-depth data mining using diverse statistical analysis softwares and methodologies. The research results after the analysis of this database can provide empirical data for researchers or policymakers. Moreover, the results can promote further research and the development of a sound mental health evaluation and service system specifically tailored for rural children.

Development of Portable Boiler Tube Health Evaluation System

Development of Portable Boiler Tube Health Evaluation System

A Service Ecosystem Model for Improving Healthcare Service Accessibility in Primary Care: A Micro Level Perspective

Access to healthcare is one of the fundamental aspects of the health system. Everyone has the basic right to access the best possible health services without any form of discrimination. Accessibility is one of the measures in the context of social sustainability in healthcare, which refers to the capacity of a healthcare system to promote a better quality of life and enhance the overall well-being of a community (Mehra & Sharma, 2021). In a large developing country like Indonesia, the difficulties surrounding healthcare services are significantly intensified. Extensive and widespread healthcare access disparities pose significant challenges. These include inefficiency, limited accessibility, a lack of interoperability among relevant stakeholders, and various other obstacles. Despite recent efforts to enhance healthcare access, substantial factors remain contributing to the inconsistent delivery of services. These encompass fragmented and silos healthcare systems and a lack of integration (Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia, 2021). Access is a concept that encompasses multiple dimensions. Various aspects of access can be evaluated in relation to the availability of health services, the utilization of health services, or the outcomes derived from health services (Gulliford et al., 2002). However, the conceptualization of access to healthcare services in Indonesia remains unclear, highlighting the challenges in measuring the health service monitoring and evaluation system. Not all aspects are measurable and have suitable measures (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2021). To assess access accurately, it is essential to consider a comprehensive set of measures that encompass the characteristics of services, providers, and systems, aligning them with the capabilities of individuals, households, and communities (Levesque et al., 2013). Keywords: Service Ecosystem, Value Co-Creation, Healthcare Services, Healthcare Accessibility.

Governance for injury care systems in Ghana, South Africa and Rwanda: development and pilot testing of an assessment tool

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate health systems governance for injury care in three sub-Saharan countries from policymakers’ and injury care providers’ perspectives.SettingGhana, Rwanda and South Africa.DesignBased on Siddiqi et al’s...

Water ecosystem health evaluation and influencing factors analysis of AN urban river: A case study at Beiyunhe River, Northern China

The Beiyunhe River is a typical urban river in northern China, and the health status of its ecosystem is degraded by urbanization. To evaluate this health status, a survey was performed throughout the basin. Thirteen indexes were selected to construct an ecosystem health evaluation system, and a composite index method was used to quantify the Beiyunhe River’s ecosystem health. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to detect the key factors influencing ecosystem health. The results showed that the river’s health status was mostly moderate: of the 38 surveyed points, the health status of 10% was Good, 47% was Average, 40% was Poor, and 3% was Very Poor. The upper and middle reaches were in better health than the lower reaches, and the main stream health was better than the tributaries. Among the tributaries, Bahe River (upper and middle reaches) had the best health status, whereas Fenghe River (lower reaches) had the worst. RDA showed that the ratio of hardening of the river, number of water-blocking structures (gates and dams), and population density in the catchment area were the key factors affecting the health of the Beiyunhe River ecosystem. This study can be used as a reference for the evaluation of the health of urban river ecosystems.

Continuity of health care: measurement and application in two rural counties of Guangxi Province, China

BackgroundContinuity of care (COC) is highly regarded in health promotion and health system strengthening. However, there is a lack of multidimensional quantitative assessment of continuity, making it challenging to evaluate and compare. Our objective was to create a novel measurement for COC and apply it in two rural counties in China to assess its validity and feasibility in evaluating health system reform.MethodThis study conducted a scoping literature review on COC, examining existing frameworks and indicators. Following an online expert poll, a composite indicator was developed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The measurement tool was then applied to assess the current state of COC in two rural counties in China. In addition to descriptive analysis, demographic and economic characteristics were analyzed for their association with COC scores using t-tests and multiple linear regression models.ResultsThe final COC measurement encompasses three dimensions, six sub-dimensions, and ten individual indicators, which integrated and improved the current frameworks and indicators. Relational continuity, informational continuity, and management continuity were identified as the primary dimensions of COC measurement. The COC score is 0.49 in County A and 0.41 in County B, with information continuity being the highest-scoring dimension. Notably, the disparity in continuity scores is most pronounced among individuals with varying attitudes towards health, demonstrating a positive correlation.ConclusionThe construction of the composite indicator in this study offers a scientific and effective metric for comprehensively measuring continuity of care. The empirical data analysis conducted in Western China serves as an illustrative application of the indicator, demonstrating its efficiency. The results obtained from this analysis provide a solid foundation and valuable reference for strengthening the health system.

Establishing a Soil Health Assessment System for Quaternary Red Soils (Luvisols) under Different Land Use Patterns

The health status of Quaternary red soil is a comprehensive reflection of the production and ecological service functions, which directly affects agricultural productivity and ecosystem sustainability. Based on the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CASH) system frame, a health evaluation system for Quaternary red soils was established including the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological indicators. The soil’s health status under different land use patterns (the buried Quaternary red soil, sparse forest and grassland, grassland, woodland, and arable land) was systematically diagnosed in the low hilly region of western Liaoning Province. The results showed significant differences in the soil health comprehensive index of the Quaternary red soils under different land use patterns (the whole soil), presenting a trend of woodland (0.64) > arable land (0.61) > grassland (0.49) > sparse forest and grassland (0.37) > buried Quaternary red soils (0.33). The woodland and arable land are at a healthy level, the grassland and sparse forest and grassland are at a sub-healthy level, and the buried Quaternary red soil is at an unhealthy level. The health status of the topsoil layer (A) under different land use patterns has a trend of woodland (0.86) > arable land (0.73) > grassland (0.70) > sparse forest and grassland (0.67). This is consistent with the overall health status of the profile, better than that of subsoil layer (B), which presents a trend of arable land (0.41) > grassland (0.40) > woodland (0.38) > sparse forest and grassland (0.34), with relatively poor soil health conditions. Overall, the soil health status of the four land use patterns is better than that of the buried Quaternary red soils, showing an evolution trend towards healthy soil. This indicates that at this stage, human land use activities have to some extent promoted the healthy development of Quaternary red soils. The Quaternary red soils of the woodland have a healthy status, and the land use pattern is suitable and can be scientifically recommended in low mountain and hilly areas.

Trustworthy data provisioning for IoT-Based circadian health evaluation systems

IoT healthcare systems use the data provided by IoT devices to make automated health decisions and to provide recommendations to users for better health. If the data sent by the device is not trustworthy, it will lead to incorrect health decisions and recommendations. In this paper, we propose a trust computational model for provisioning trusted data to the health index evaluation system (HIES). This HIES uses the trusted data selected by the trust model to calculate the health index (e.g., circadian health index) of a particular user. The objective of the proposed work is to provide a trustworthy system for better circadian health decision making by determining the trustworthiness of the data provided by health IoT devices. Unlike existing trust management protocols, our trust model considers identity-based schema such as device identity and user identity, device health, user feedback, data consensus, and acceptance rate for trustworthy data selection. Our trust computational model is resistant to malicious devices with false identities and identifies the devices that report false data. We present the performance analysis of our trusted data selection model and compare it to the baseline scheme.

Ecosystem health assessment and comparison of natural and constructed wetlands in the arid zone of northwest China

Wetlands in the arid zone of northwest China have ecological values such as climate regulation, water conservation, and biodiversity maintenance. However, in the context of global warming and economic development, the degree of natural and human interference in the wetlands has been increasing, and wetland health problems are becoming increasingly severe. The current comparative research on the ecosystem health evaluation of natural and constructed wetlands and their sustainable development in the arid zone of northwest China is not perfect, so we selected the natural (Dunhuang Xihu Wetland) and constructed wetlands (Suzhou District Wetland) as research objects. The ecosystem health evaluation system has been developed from 5 levels of the drive, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR). The ecological health status and impact factors were evaluated for the two wetlands using socioeconomic data combined with remote sensing technology from 2000 to 2019. The results showed that 1) the ecological health of natural and constructed wetlands was in a medium healthy state, and the ecological health values of the wetlands showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing from 2000 to 2019, with 2005 as the turning point. The ecological health status of natural wetlands (0.46) was better than that of constructed wetlands (0.42). 2) The main reasons for the degradation of constructed wetlands (-3.20%) were the urban population expansion and blind agricultural reclamation of wetlands, while the degradation of natural wetlands (-6.45%) was dominated by extreme climatic conditions and overuse of water resources. These results provide case support and a theoretical basis for the conservation management and sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in the arid zone.

Widening the lens of population-based health research to climate change impacts and adaptation: the climate change and health evaluation and response system (CHEERS).

Climate change significantly impacts health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), exacerbating vulnerabilities. Comprehensive data for evidence-based research and decision-making is crucial but scarce. Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSSs) in Africa and Asia provide a robust infrastructure with longitudinal population cohort data, yet they lack climate-health specific data. Acquiring this information is essential for understanding the burden of climate-sensitive diseases on populations and guiding targeted policies and interventions in LMICs to enhance mitigation and adaptation capacities. The objective of this research is to develop and implement the Change and Health Evaluation and Response System (CHEERS) as a methodological framework, designed to facilitate the generation and ongoing monitoring of climate change and health-related data within existing Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSSs) and comparable research infrastructures. CHEERS uses a multi-tiered approach to assess health and environmental exposures at the individual, household, and community levels, utilizing digital tools such as wearable devices, indoor temperature and humidity measurements, remotely sensed satellite data, and 3D-printed weather stations. The CHEERS framework utilizes a graph database to efficiently manage and analyze diverse data types, leveraging graph algorithms to understand the complex interplay between health and environmental exposures. The Nouna CHEERS site, established in 2022, has yielded significant preliminary findings. By using remotely-sensed data, the site has been able to predict crop yield at a household level in Nouna and explore the relationships between yield, socioeconomic factors, and health outcomes. The feasibility and acceptability of wearable technology have been confirmed in rural Burkina Faso for obtaining individual-level data, despite the presence of technical challenges. The use of wearables to study the impact of extreme weather on health has shown significant effects of heat exposure on sleep and daily activity, highlighting the urgent need for interventions to mitigate adverse health consequences. Implementing the CHEERS in research infrastructures can advance climate change and health research, as large and longitudinal datasets have been scarce for LMICs. This data can inform health priorities, guide resource allocation to address climate change and health exposures, and protect vulnerable communities in LMICs from these exposures.

Establishment and application of ecological health evaluation system for urban and rural rivers in Yangtze Estuary

The assessment of river ecosystem health is crucial for improving river resilience, achieving ecological protection and rational utilization in the Yangtze Estuary region where there is high utilization of rivers and a high demand for quality rivers by Shanghai, the world's largest modern city. To assess the ecological health status of Yangtze Estuary rivers, this study established a river health assessment model consisting of five dimensions: water quality, river landscape, aquatic organisms, river hydrology, and human interference, and a total of ten indicators based on the ecological survey results in the summer and autumn of six river channels in Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary. The evaluation results reveal that the health status of rural rivers in the northwest and east of Chongming Island (S2, S3) is the best, reaching an excellent level, while the small river in the central part of Chongming Island (S6) is the worst, reaching a somewhat inferior level. Compared with rural rivers, the comprehensive evaluation results of urban rivers are good or ordinary level. The high proportion of building area on both sides of the river and the low vegetation cover are the main factors that restrict their scoring results. In contrast, rural rivers need to focus on the area of buffer zones such as forests and vegetation on both sides of the river, river connectivity, appropriate widening of narrow rivers, regular cleaning and dredging of rivers, as well as reducing human interference with the rivers. Regarding seasonal changes, the health assessment results of Chongming Island rivers in summer are better than those in autumn, and the differences between sites in summer are slightly greater than those in autumn. The seasonal differences between sites are mainly due to changes in indicators of the diversity of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and macrobenthos. To further improve the ecological health of rivers, measures of ecological restoration could be adjusted based on regular health assessment and health weakness analysis.

Assessing lake health in China: Challenges due to multiple coexisting standards

Study RegionYangcheng Lake is located northeast of Suzhou city, one of the most economically developed cities in the Yangtze River Delta plain, China. Yangcheng Lake serves as a storage pool for flood control and water diversion; as well as a potable water source for Suzhou City. In recent years, summer cyanobacterial blooms began appearing in Yangcheng Lake, which urgently requires a health evaluation. Study FocusCurrently, there is a three-tier analysis system consisting of national, provincial, and local assessments in China. However, each tier has a unique set of standards, meaning that: 1) evaluations between tiers are not comparable and 2) conducting a unified survey and analyzing the results is exceedingly difficult. How to develop ways to standardize existing river and lake health evaluation systems in China become a global concern. New Hydrological Insights for the RegionAlthough the evaluation index system and assessment techniques are consistent throughout all three methods, they differ in their handling of index weights and assignment criteria. The health evaluation scores of Yangcheng Lake are in the Healthy to Sub-healthy range, with gradually decreasing health from east to west. This work synthesized the existing Chinese national-provincial-local health evaluation system and suggested standardizing the index system, index weights, and evaluation process to provide theoretical support for water resources management and water ecology restoration in freshwater water bodies in China.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of coronary arteries bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through drug stent in iran: a comparative study

BackgroundCost-effectiveness analysis plays a key role in evaluating health systems and services. Coronary artery disease is one of the primary health concerns worldwide. This study sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of Coronary Arteries Bypass Grafting (CABG) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) through drug stent using Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) index.MethodsThis is a cohort study involving all patients undergoing CABG and PCI through drug stent in south of Iran. A total of 410 patients were randomly selected to be included in the study. Data were gathered using SF-36, SAQ and a form for cost data from the patients' perspective. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Considering the analysis of cost-effectiveness, Markov Model was initially developed using TreeAge Pro 2020. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsCompared with the group treated with PCI, the total cost of interventions was higher in the CABG group ($102,103.8 vs $71,401.22) and the cost of lost productivity ($20,228.68 vs $7632.11), while the cost of hospitalization was lower in CABG ($67,567.1 vs $49,660.97). The cost of hotel stay and travel ($6967.82 vs $2520.12) and the cost of medication ($7340.18 vs $11,588.01) was lower in CABG. From the patients' perspective and SAQ instrument, CABG was cost-saving, with a reduction of $16,581 for every increase in effectiveness. Based on patients’ perspective and SF-36 instrument, CABG was cost-saving, with a reduction of $34,543 for every increase in effectiveness.ConclusionIn the same indications, CABG intervention leads to more resource savings.

Spatial Differentiation of PM2.5 Concentration and Analysis of Atmospheric Health Patterns in the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-QuanZhou Urban Agglomeration.

Exploring the spatial differentiation of PM2.5 concentrations in typical urban agglomerations and analyzing their atmospheric health patterns are necessary for building high-quality urban agglomerations. Taking the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou urban agglomeration as an example, and based on exploratory data analysis and mathematical statistics, we explore the PM2.5 spatial distribution patterns and characteristics and use hierarchical analysis to construct an atmospheric health evaluation system consisting of exposure-response degree, regional vulnerability, and regional adaptation, and then identify the spatial differentiation characteristics and critical causes of the atmospheric health pattern. This study shows the following: (1) The average annual PM2.5 value of the area in 2020 was 19.16 μg/m3, which was lower than China's mean annual quality concentration limit, and the overall performance was clean. (2) The spatial distribution patterns of the components of the atmospheric health evaluation system are different, with the overall cleanliness benefit showing a "north-central-south depression, the rest of the region is mixed," the regional vulnerability showing a coastal to inland decay, and the regional adaptability showing a "high north, low south, high east, low west" spatial divergence pattern. (3) The high-value area of the air health pattern of the area is an "F-shaped" spatial distribution; the low-value area shows a pattern of "north-middle-south" peaks standing side by side. The assessment of health patterns in the aforementioned areas can provide theoretical references for pollution prevention and control and the construction of healthy cities.

Health System Governance Evaluation: A Scoping Review.

Governance is one of the critical functions of the health system. Good governance of the health system leads to better performance and outcomes. Evaluation is the first step to improving health system governance. Therefore, this research aimed to identify evaluation tools for health system governance. In the current scoping review, we searched all documents related to health system governance evaluation indexed in Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar search engines to 2022, extracted, and assessed. Finally, documents were selected and analyzed by thematic analysis. Thirty tools were found to evaluate health system governance. Among the proposed tools, 11 specific tools have been designed just for health system governance evaluation, while others have governance as a component of health system evaluation. Health system governance's significant components are health policy-making, strategic planning, organizing, stewardship, and control. Indicators such as accountability, participation, transparency, equity, efficiency, accountability, corruption control, effectiveness, ethic, the rule of law, and sustainability could be used to evaluate the health system governance. Different tools have been used to evaluate governance worldwide, and each governance evaluation tool has different components suitable for governance evaluation. However, these tools cannot fully evaluate governance and have shortcomings. A comprehensive evaluation of governance and sharing lessons denrael will affect the health system's capacity and ability to provide quality, safe and effective health services. It will lead to the stability of the health system.

Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat

Wearable biosensors have the potential for developing individualized health evaluation and detection systems owing to their ability to provide continuous real-time physiological data. Among various wearable biosensors, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based wearable sensors can be versatile in various practical applications owing to their sensitive interactions with specific analytes. Understanding and analyzing endocrine responses to stress is particularly crucial for evaluating human performance, diagnosing stress-related diseases, and monitoring mental health, as stress takes a serious toll on physiological health and psychological well-being. Cortisol is an essential biomarker of stress because of the close relationship between cortisol concentration in the human body and stress level. In this study, a flexible LSPR biosensor was manufactured to detect cortisol levels in the human body by depositing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layers on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. Subsequently, an aptamer was immobilized on the surface of the LSPR substrate, enabling highly sensitive and selective cortisol capture owing to its specific cortisol recognition. The biosensor exhibited excellent detection ability in cortisol solutions of various concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The flexible LSPR biosensor also demonstrated good stability under various mechanical deformations. Furthermore, the cortisol levels of the flexible LSPR biosensor were also measured in the human epidermis before and after exercise as well as in the morning and afternoon. Our biosensors, which combine easily manufactured flexible sensors with sensitive cortisol-detecting molecules to measure human stress levels, could be versatile candidates for human-friendly products.

Selection of Health Evaluation Indexes and Standards Analysis for Water-purifying Constructed Wetland

According to the construction requirements and structural characteristics of the water-purifying constructed wetland in Qiangwei Lake, this research clarifies the connotation of the constructed wetland's health, and analyzes the relevant factors affecting the operation effect of the wetland. Meanwhile, based on the principle of wetland health evaluation, this research applies the analytic hierarchy process to divide the health evaluation system of the water-purifying constructed wetland in Qiangwei Lake into the goal layer, the criterion layer, and the index layer. Furthermore, by selecting a host of evaluation indexes, encompassing water quality indexes, wetland structure, biodiversity, etc., this research discusses and establishes the corresponding index evaluation standard, ultimately constructing the comprehensive scoring system of the wetland.