Health Education Process Research Articles

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS IN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR SKILLS

The main goal of this research is to determine whether there is a difference between boys and girls in morphological characteristics and motor skills. The sample consisted of 59 third-grade elementary school students from Sombor, aged 9.5 years (± 3 months). There were 28 boys and 31 girls tested. A set of 13 motor tests was used to assess their motor skills: 2 to assess coordination, 1 to assess explosive leg strength, 1 to assess explosive arm strength, 1 to assess endurance in muscle strength, 1 to assess repetitive strength, 2 to assess flexibility, 2 to assess movement frequency speed, 2 to assess accuracy and 1 to assess durability. In the morphological space there were two anthropometric measures that were measured: body mass and body height. Gender differences in all variables were examined with an independent sample t-test. A statistically significant difference in favor of boys was observed only in the test that evaluates the explosive power of legs – long jump t(59) = 3.09, with significance p = 0.003. In the motor tests that assess explosive arm strength, precision, coordination, repetitive strength, and movement frequency speed (Hand taping) there are no statistically significant differences, although there are nominally better results in favor of boys, while in the flexibility parameters and one movement frequency speed parameter (Leg taping) the difference is in favor of girls. Given that students have similar morphological characteristics and motor skills, it is justified that the teaching process of physical and health education in the third grade of elementary school is implemented with both genders simultaneously, without different approaches.

THE NURSERY - A LEADING FACTOR FOR HEALTH EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Purpose: To determine the importance of the nursery for the implementation of health education in early childhood. Materials and methods: - Comprehensive medical and social research (2015-2018) - Sociological methods: documentary, questionnaire and observation - Participants 533 people in total. The survey data were processed with STATGRAPHICS statistical software packages; SPSS 19 and EXCEL for Windows. The results are described by tables, graphs and numerical indicators for structure, frequency, averages, correlation coefficients and others. Results: 83.88% (n = 360) of the parents share that they observe a change in their children from the moment they start attending crèches. There is a significant difference in the habits learned by the children, at the beginning of the observation and at the end (p <0.05; r> 0.7). Conclusion: The nursery is both an opportunity and a means for better health through the health-educational process that takes place in it. It is a major factor playing an important role in shaping the personality and laying the foundations of its attitude to health.

Kryzys kompetencji zdrowotnych w społeczeństwie i jego konsekwencje dla zdrowia publicznego

The article analyzes the concept of health literacy, referring to scientific research and indicating the elements of the health competencies crisis in European countries. It emphasizes the consequences of the insufficient/problematic level of health competencies for public health. Moreover, it underlines the importance of the process of socialization and health education in shaping health literacy.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Process of Undergraduate Health and Physical Education Program by the CIPP Model

This study aimed to evaluate the process (instruction, activities, and assessment methods) of undergraduate health and physical education (HPE) programs in different colleges of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province by employing the CIPP model. A quantitative research technique was used to record the students' responses about the effectiveness of the process through questionnaires. Respondents showed mixed views about different parameters of the process. Students were satisfied with the use of audiovisual aids during instruction, promotion of critical thinking, social and moral values by instruction methods, class discussion, participation of teachers and students in physical activities, and instructions before a specific activity. A significant proportion of the respondents, however, believed that teachers did not use diverse teaching strategies and effective mediums of instruction. Similarly, negative responses were observed about rehabilitation techniques, the role of mentor ship in stimulating students' interest, and the regular arrangement of physical activities. Evaluation of the HPE program by the CIPP model identified some demerits in the process which need improvement to make the program more effective.

Teachers’ perceptions of health education and middle school curriculum: A qualitative study

This study sought to assess whether the Moroccan curriculum and whole school community achieve international recommendations on adolescents' health promotion by examining middle school curriculum and interviewing teachers of school subjects interested in health education. An analysis of school subjects' curricula regarding competencies, health topics, and learning objectives as well as a thematic analysis of focus groups transcripts were conducted. Findings highlighted that Moroccan curriculum and whole school community are inappropriate to the health-promoting school framework and face several barriers in promoting adolescent health. Teachers also emphasized some positive effects of extracurricular activities in health promotion and certain needs to improve its effectiveness. Teachers’ suggestions call for a comprehensive strategy considering international recommendations and involving all community actors in health education process. Ongoing training on health education representations and updated health knowledge and skills is a need for teachers to sustain their commitment to health education.

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain in Health Education: A Scientometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace.

Objectives: This study aimed to visualize the evidence in the global research on health education to better improve the nation’s health literacy and to guide future research. Method: We searched the Web of Science (Core Collection) electronic databases. The search strategies: topic: (“Health Education” OR “Education, Health” OR “Community Health Education” OR “Education, Community Health” OR “Health Education, Community”) AND document: (Article) AND language:(English). Articles of evidence from January 2011 to December 2021 with those words in the title or abstract or keywords will be included in this review. We used the Citespace 5.6.R5 (64-bit) to investigate and determine the thematic patterns, and emerging trends of the knowledge domain, and presented a narrative account of the findings. Result: We analyzed 10,273 eligible articles. It showed that BMC Public Health displays the most prolific journals. Author MARCO PAHOR is highlighted in health education. The University of Sydney has published the most studies about health education. The USA plays an important role in these studies. Specifically, the visualization shows several hotspots: disease prevalence surveys and a specific population of knowledge, attitude and practice surveys, health intervention, chronic and non-communicable management, youth-health action, sexual and reproductive health, and physical activity promotion. Furthermore, document co-citation analysis indicated that there are 10 main clusters, which means the research front in health education. Meanwhile, by the citation detected, COVID-19, has achieved universal health coverage in related studies, however, public health education and the health workforce might be more popular in the coming years. Conclusion: Health education is an effective measure to shift the concept of public health and improve healthy living standards. The present study facilitates an extensive understanding of the basic knowledge and research frontiers that are pivotal for the developmental process of health education and allows scholars to visualize the identification modes and tendencies.

Predictors of Exclusive Breast Milk Failure Before Six Months: A Study on Exclusive Breastfeeding in the City of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of a child’s survival and health because it provides essential and irreplaceable nutrients for their growth and development. The coverage rate for exclusive breastfeeding for infants 0–6 months in West Java in 2017 was 55.4%, below the national figure of 61.33%. AIM: The purpose of this article is to identify the failure factors for exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS: The study began with a quasi-experimental period with a pre- and post-test group design approach through a health education process about exclusive breastfeeding in the third trimester of pregnancy, followed by a prospective study on breastfeeding practice in infants in the first 6 months of life. The analysis used was Chi-square analysis (χ2) and Paired t-test. Then, followed by a qualitative study to explore the supports and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding through in-depth interviews and carried out an analysis with modified Aronso’s qualitative analysis steps. The quantitative study sample is 50 people. The sample for the qualitative study was 15 people consisting of mothers with babies over 6-months-old, midwives, health staff. The study started from March 2017 to September 2018. RESULTS: The knowledge score of the intervention group increased significantly from 26.08 before the intervention to 31.78 after the intervention (p-value 0.000), with 3.52 more excellent than the control group. The attitude score of the intervention group rose significantly from 8.2 before the intervention to 13.16 after the intervention (p-value 0.000), with 3.12 more excellent than the control group. The intervention significantly affected exclusive breastfeeding behavior with a p-value of 0.047, but the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding was still 36%. The qualitative study findings contained support and obstacles in implementing exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Bogor. Supporting factors range from a support system in regional regulations and class programs for pregnant women to support for infrastructure. At the same time, obstacles include parenting patterns, individual factors, other internal and external influences. CONCLUSION: Health education can improve knowledge, attitudes and behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. There are still other predictors of the failure of exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months outside of health education.

Assessment of women's satisfaction with labor and childbirth at a teaching hospital.

To assess the satisfaction of puerperal women regarding labor and childbirth. Analytical and cross-sectional research carried out with puerperal women at a teaching hospital. Data were collected from October to December 2020 by a sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale. The scale has 34 items divided into six domains, with a minimum score of 34 and a maximum of 170 points. The mean score was 141 points in a sample of 243 puerperal women, with a standard deviation of 16.8. There was high satisfaction among women in all domains of the scale and low adherence to the best practices in labor and childbirth care currently recommended. The women were satisfied upon the experience. The limitation of the health education process during prenatal care may reduce the parturient' discernment and critical judgment.

Presentation and implementation of the results of the own scientific research — a practical approach

During postgraduate studies, future PhDs must master a wide range of teaching and research skills that meet global and European academic standards. In particular, candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must acquire theoretical knowledge that is sufficient to produce new ideas, solve complex problems in the field of professional and/or research and innovation, acquire universal research skills, including oral and written presentation of their own scientific results, application of modern information technologies in scientific activity, organization and carrying out of educational employments, management of scientific projects and/or introduction of offers concerning financing of scientific researches, registration of the intellectual property rights.
 Objective — to summarize information about the relevance of the discipline «Presentation and imple­mentation of the results of the own scientific research» and highlight practical approaches to its teaching.
 Materials and methods. Analysis and generalization of information on current documents governing the educational process for applicants for the degree of «Doctor of Philosophy» in medical specialties, and literature sources on the presentation and implementation of dissertation research.
 Results and discussion. The discipline «Presentation and implementation of the results of the own scientific research» is an important component of the preparation of graduates of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of knowledge 22 «Health». As part of the study of this discipline, students learn the concept of innovation process and innovation of the scientist, get acquainted with the basics of protection of the results of their own research and modern aspects of patent information search technologies, gain skills in presenting the results of the own research using various forms of new information technologies and implementation in the practice of health care and educational process of the results of the own research.
 Conclusions. Assimilation of theoretical material and practice of the practical part of the program of the discipline «Presentation and implementation of results of the own scientific research» provides acquisition by postgraduate students of corresponding integral, general and special competences and formation of integrative final program results of training necessary for further professional activity of the future doctor of philosophy.

Diabetes Self-management Education Effect on Family Knowledge of Hypoglycemia Episodes Detection on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a health education process for individuals or families in managing diabetes. AIM: This research was aimed to evaluate DSME effect on family knowledge of hypoglycemia episodes detection on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Quasi-experimental design with simple random sampling was used in this study. A total of 62 family members of T2DM patients were collected from the Public Health Center, Jambi Province, Indonesia. They were divided into the intervention group (n = 31) and control group (n = 31). The intervention group received 2-month intervention, including DSME of diabetes mellitus with following stages of activity: Socialization, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The control group received standard education. Data were collected from pre- and post-test questionnaire followed by statistical analysis using paired t-test. RESULTS: There were different mean values in the family knowledge pretest-posttest between experimental groups (10.71–12.39) and control groups (9.45–12.26) to detect hypoglycemic episodes before and after DSME mentoring. There was effectiveness of DSME on family knowledge to hypoglycemia episodes detection among T2DM (p = 0.0001), including in the control group (p = 0.002) CONCLUSIONS: This study found out the significant improvements in the intervention with DSME participants hypoglycemia episodes detection knowledge. This demonstrates that our DSME may be clinical importance.

Regional drug information center disseminates educational materials related to the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundDrug information centers (DIC) play an important role in providing correct and scientifically supported information on medicinal products. In the pandemic scenario, this action is considered fundamental to the process of health education. ObjectiveTo describe and identify the dissemination of educational materials and their acceptance regarding the COVID-19 pandemic by a regional drug information center (RDIC) linked to a Brazilian public university. MethodThe educational materials were disseminated in the communication channels (social media) of the RDIC and university. Seventeen educational notices were produced and disclosed from May to August 2020. The measure of reach was considered to be the number of “likes”, sharing and number of people reached. ResultsOverall, 28.9% (n = 4071) of the online visitors “liked” the material about vaccines tested for COVID-19, followed by 12.9% (n = 1824) “likes” of the material about ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment, and 8.9% (n = 1250) “likes” of the material that explained the time necessary to develop and test a vaccine and the duration of the pandemic. ConclusionThe interest expressed by the “likes” of educational materials about vaccines indicates that the DIC in question has a strategic role in disseminating scientifically backed information about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Augmented Reality (AR) Enhances the Effectiveness of Lung Expansion in Spinal Surgery Patients -Preliminary Study

Background: After spinal surgery, patients often have changes in respiratory system due to general anesthesia. Preoperative respiratory rehabilitation and respiratory muscle training are found to be effective in reducing the postoperative pulmonary complications.Aim: Comparing the differences in the effects of postoperative lung expansion in patients with spinal surgery by using the conventional paper-based and the application of augmented reality (AR) health education methods, and understanding the acceptance of the use of AR by clinical nursing staff.Subject and methods: The quasi experiment was adopted; the control group was paper-based conventional health education and the experimental group was AR health education. The Trifflow breathing exercise was taught one day before operation. The frequency of exercise was 5-10 minutes each time and four times a day. The exercise was started from the day before operation and was continued until being discharged from the hospital. The pulmonary capacities were measured one day before the operation and on the day of leaving the hospital. Twenty people were recruited in both groups. There were 20 nursing staff participated in this study in total. The acceptance level of using AR was surveyed by using self-administered structured questionnaire.Result: In the experimental group, females were accounted for 65%, 55% of them were under 64 years old, and 30% of them with primary education level; in the control group, 85% of them were females, 70% of them were over 65 years old, and 30% with primary education level. The vital capacities measured at the time of discharge comparing with that before the operation were increased in both group, which reached a statistical difference (p=0.001). However, there was no significantly statistical difference between different groups. In terms of AR recognition by nursing staff: 75.0% thought that “the current health education tools are not enough”, 90% agreed that “acceptance of AR by patient and family”, 75% agreed that “the AR used in this health education process is convenient”, “the use of AR in this health education process is interactive”, and “AR health education makes the whole health education process more interesting”. Seventy percent agreed that “I have enough relevant resources to use AR health education”.Conclusion: Both traditional and AR health education models can improve the pulmonary function of patients, and there were significantly statistical differences. However, nursing staff felt that the current health education tools were not enough and thought that AR was interactive, interesting and convenient.Recommendation: The AR medical education has the advantages of interactive games and instant feedback. It can be utilized in clinical services to provide nurses with different models of health education.

Effect of Using Simulated Learning on Nurses Performance in Applying Health Education Process

Effect of Using Simulated Learning on Nurses Performance in Applying Health Education Process

Educational Processes for Health and Disease Self-Management in Public Health: A Systematic Review.

This study systematically reviewed processes and educational programs for self-management of health and diseases that are the subject of public health attention. This systematic review of the literature (SRL) is relevant to recognizing the characteristics of the educational processes in self-managing chronic diseases in contexts where technology did not play a significant role. Following the PRISMA protocol, the authors independently reviewed full-text articles from several databases using the following criteria: (1) intervention studies evaluating the effects of self-management health programs; (2) educational process of disease self-management; (3) studies that included at least one control group, and (4) peer-reviewed studies. In addition, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network measurement tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each trial. In the final sample, 38 articles were included. The findings regarding health education methods of self-care, using community-based care and technological tools, are considered fundamental. Among the conclusions, the relevance of the pedagogy that health education processes demand improvement in post-pandemic program effectiveness stands out.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIABETIC SELF-MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA AND TAIWAN HOSPITAL: A CASE STUDY DESIGN

Background:
 Population of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing every year. As a chronic illness, patients with DM needs to practice self-management for life. Adopted the nursing system in other countries that are more advanced in DM care, however the study is still under investigation.
 Objectives: Primary objective was to analyze the diabetic Self-management among the Indonesian and Taiwan population in Hospital. Secondary was to develop theory-guided and/or evidence-based nursing model in the self-management among diabetic patient with practical issues.
 Methods: We used a case study design by discussion across the multi-discipline of health care provider point of view, observation and brief interview session with patient, observe the health care model, learning process of health education between nurse and patient and whole application of the health education, at Veteran Hospital in Taiwan and Manambai Abdulkadir Hospitals in Indonesia.
 Results: Education system related to self-management of DM patients have been running and prepared by the Veteran hospital in Taiwan. The health system for diabetes management was called by diabetes shared care. Nurse, nutritionist and doctor have similar opinions about self-management in DM patients in Taiwan but different perspective among health professionals in Indonesia. The process of applying of evidence-based nursing practice and guidelines for providing health education to patients in Veteran Hospital Taiwan was using guidelines from the diabetes federation of China (Taiwan), on the other hand, standard operating procedure in Hospital in Manambai Abdulkadir Hospital, Indonesia, it is due to different policy in each country.
 Conclusion: The model of self-management might can be successfully be applied in clinical setting with several strategies by resolve the challenges. Hopefully, this study can be providing valuable information to the health professionals in order to provide the best service for patients with DM. 
 
 Keywords: Diabetes, self-management, model, health education.

“FALTÔMETRO”: ESTRATÉGIA PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DO ABSENTEÍSMO NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA

Introdução: A garantia de um acesso universal, integral e equânime é um dos desafios da Atenção Básica, onde o absenteísmo se configura como obstáculo e, ao mesmo tempo, um analisador sobre a organização do cuidado do serviço de saúde. Dessa forma, necessitando de intervenções para o enfrentamento. Objetivo: Narrar a experiência da construção do “Faltômetro” e refletir sobre o desafio de implementar novas estratégias para o enfrentamento de antigos problemas nos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado numa Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), no município de Vitória de Santo Antão - PE, com o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) de referência, entre junho e outubro de 2019. A experiência foi realizada em três etapas: monitoramento das demandas do NASF-AB; construção do “Faltômetro” e sala de espera com os usuários. Resultados: Por meio da experiência, foi identificada a fragilidade no registro de faltas; a importância do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS); a necessidade de identificação das causas das faltas; e a necessidade de repensar a organização do processo de trabalho. Conclusões: O “Faltômetro” e a sala de espera foram estratégias fundamentais para o debate sobre o absenteísmo no âmbito da Atenção Básica. No entanto, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de processos de Educação em Saúde com a população, permitindo um diálogo horizontal, para a compreensão das possíveis causas das faltas. Além disso, os profissionais em saúde necessitam romper com o discurso de culpabilização dos usuários, reconhecendo a existência de barreiras de acesso no território.
 Palavras-Chave: Absenteísmo; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Educação em saúde; Sistema Único de Saúde.

Effect of Using Simulated Learning on Nurses Performance in Applying Health Education Process

Effect of Using Simulated Learning on Nurses Performance in Applying Health Education Process

Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Seksual pada Usia Remaja

Reproductive Health is a condition of being physically, mentally and socially healthy as a whole, not only free from diseases or disabilities related to the reproductive system, function and process in men and women. Adolescence as the starting point of the reproductive process shows that the preparation of intervention strategies needs to start long before the fertile age period. The value of girls and boys in the family and society, and how they are treated are important factors that determine their future reproductive health. The aim of this community service is to increase youth knowledge about reproductive and sexual health education at adolescence. Methods of health education are (1) Socialization and Licensing, (2) Conducting Affirmations and Pre Tests (3) Conducting Adolescent Health Education on Reproductive and Sexual Health in Adolescents. (4) Evaluation of the results of health education activities with a Pre Test. The results of health education activities show good enthusiasm during the health education process. This enthusiasm was shown by the excellent response of the participants and the willingness of the participants to ask questions and describe their opinions. The results of this health education are expected to increase participants' knowledge and understanding of the importance of reproductive health and sexual health in adolescents. This is indicated by the results of the pre and post test questionnaires which show an increase in knowledge about reproductive and sexual health education .

Educação em saúde na perspectiva de graduandos de Ciências Biológicas e Enfermagem

RESUMO: Atuar no processo educativo em saúde priorizando as relações dialógicas entre os atores envolvidos tem sido um grande desafio, seja no ambiente escolar ou no atendimento à comunidade. Compreendendo que a formação inicial dos profissionais para exercer está prática tem relação com esta realidade, o presente estudo buscou investigar a compreensão sobre Educação em Saúde (ES) na perspectiva de graduandos de Ciências Biológicas e Enfermagem de uma universidade pública federal, no agreste alagoano. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa envolvendo 261 estudantes. Destes, 139 eram do curso de Ciências Biológicas e 122 do curso de Enfermagem. As concepções foram obtidas mediante um questionário semiestruturado e organizadas em um corpus textual. Após aplicação do método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) através do software Iramuteq® emergiram três classes, exploradas e discutidas à luz da literatura. Houve predomínio da concepção de ES centrada na doença (43,10%), sobretudo entre estudantes de Ciências Biológicas (X2=8,37). A concepção de ES centrada na saúde foi a segunda mais prevalente (31,38%), seguida pela concepção de ES centrada na qualidade de vida (25,52%), ambas, com maior representação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Os resultados apontam que o modelo biomédico de ES encontra-se arraigado nas concepções dos profissionais em formação, principalmente na área de Ciências Biológicas. A transição para um modelo crítico e reflexivo é mais evidente entre os profissionais da enfermagem. Diante das demandas em saúde e para atendê-las, é fundamental que a formação desses profissionais possibilite o desenvolvimento das competências necessárias para um trabalho educativo reflexivo e dialógico que proporcione a emancipação dos indivíduos e valorize a promoção da saúde nas comunidades.
 PALAVRAS CHAVES: Formação profissional, Prática educativa, Qualidade de vida.

Economic Culture for Health Educational Managers

Introduction: The present Public Health development shows the necessity to add economic subjects to the teaching-learning process because of the close relation between economic and health variables. The economic culture may provide the necessaries tools for rational decision taking. These reasons show that the economic culture upping from the health educational managers must be understood as a main subject for the managing process. Objective: To describe the importance from the economic culture for the health educational managers. Materials and methods: Was made a descriptive research about the importance from the economic culture upping for the health educational managers. As teoric methods were used the analysis and synthesis, the comparative and the inductivedeductive. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. Results: The economic upping from the health educational managers focuses the attention from the health universities because of the impact from the health educational behavior over the health educational process. Health universities are management institutions where the role of decisions taking is decisive. That´s why is important each time more a better forming in economic culture to provide a better patient satisfaction across the optimization from the limited economic resources. Conclusion: The postgraduate education must support an effective economic culture upping for health educational managers. By this way the health educational process may supply solutions to upping needs from these managers. In this way, the economic culture offers useful tools to health educational managers for a better managing behavior.