Health Education Materials Research Articles

Evaluation of Health Education Material Used on Cigarette Packs for Anti-Smoking Campaigns

Evaluation of Health Education Material Used on Cigarette Packs for Anti-Smoking Campaigns

Information needs of people seeking fertility services in Canada: a mixed methods analysis

ABSTRACT Background Infertility is a challenging experience associated with high levels of psychological distress. Many people seeking fertility services use the internet to obtain information about their conditions and treatments. Objectives This mixed-methods study aimed to describe the information-seeking experience of people seeking fertility services with respect to the fulfillment of their individually defined information needs and explore relationships between the fulfillment of information needs and psychological outcomes. Methods One hundred and four participants completed a survey with close-ended and open-ended questions about their experience using an informational web-based application (app) called ‘Infotility’ and about their mental well-being before and after using the app. The questionnaires administered were the The Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS), the Fertility Quality of Life questionnaire (FertiQol), the Patient Empowerment Questionnaire (PEQ) and the General Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7). Eleven participants completed in-depth qualitative interviews about their experience using the app. A thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative results and quantitization was used to dichotomize participants into those with met information needs versus those with unmet information needs. Google Analytics was used to compare participants’ reported experience with their actual use of the app. Results The results of this study show that there is variability in the amount of information that people seeking fertility services wish to receive. Participants whose information needs were met reported improved psychological outcomes after using the app, while those with unmet needs showed no change in their psychological outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that fulfilling information needs was associated with improved psychological outcomes in people seeking fertility services. Our results also suggest that individual differences in information needs should be considered when developing health educational materials.

Enhancing FDA's Reach to Minorities and Under-Represented Groups through Training: Developing Culturally Competent Health Education Materials.

Health communications may not reach intended populations due to cultural and language barriers. These barriers may prohibit consumers from understanding information needed to make informed health decisions. It is important to ensure everyone—especially racial and ethnic minorities and under-served and under-represented populations—has access to information on medical products. One strategy to address this issue is to develop trainings and resources to better understand how cultural competency affects the ability to communicate effectively with racial/ethnic minorities. The FDA’s Office of Minority Health & Health Equity developed a 3-module training to (1) increase staff knowledge of the role that cultural competency plays in determining health communication messages and channels and (2) provide tools to assist them in creating culturally-competent strategies and action plans. Offered on 4 occasions, the 4.5-h interactive training, grounded in adult learning and project-based learning theories, and used curricula, case studies, and multimedia to guide the discussion and group work. Participants also completed an action plan to guide their current work. Cultural competency knowledge was assessed pre- and post-training and training satisfaction was assessed post-training. Among the 53 individuals who completed the training, average knowledge increased by 13.6%. The training was a success based on anecdotal and evaluation feedback. The majority of participants indicated that they would refer their colleagues to the training and apply what they learned in their work. Participants felt the training was meaningful, applicable to their work, and provided an opportunity to learn and engage with their peers. Becoming culturally competent is a process that should be supported through ongoing training to help build a strong communications and health educator workforce with expertise in developing culturally competent messages to meet their constituents’ needs.

Upaya Preventif Kehamilan Remaja dengan Pendidikan Kesehatan Mengenai Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Remaja di Kecamatan Indramayu

One of the efforts to prevent teenage pregnancy incidence is health education about teenage pregnancy in Adolescence; it is hoped that health education can help government programs reduce the incidence of teenage pregnancy in the Indramayu Regency. The TEAM carries out community service activities from the STIKes Indramayu Midwifery Study Program, which was implemented in early July-August 2019, located in the Margadadi and Plumbon Puskesmas area (two Puksemas located in the Indramayu District Work Area). Community service aims to improve the thinking skills and understanding of junior high school students in preventing teenage pregnancy in health education. The implementation method by using leaflets/brochures and preparing reproductive health education materials. It can be seen that before the extension, there were 102 students (60%) with low knowledge results, 58 students (34.1%) with sufficient knowledge, and ten students (5.9%) with good knowledge results. In contrast, the knowledge obtained from counseling and discussion showed a significant increase in knowledge about adolescent reproductive health; the results were 147 students (86.5%) with good knowledge of 23 students (13.5%) with sufficient knowledge. There is a change or increase in students' knowledge about adolescent reproductive health, especially about teenage pregnancy prevention. It is hoped that this community service education can reduce maternal and infant mortality rates caused by adolescent pregnancy.

Investigation of Health Education Materials Developed by Nursing Students during in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde hemşirelik öğrencileri tarafından geliştirilen sağlık eğitim materyallerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, Türkiye'deki bir üniversitede okuyan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, intörnlük-halk sağlığı hemşireliği ve halk sağlığı hemşireliği dersleri kapsamında hazırladıkları toplam 31 eğitim materyali değerlendirilmiştir. Eğitim materyalleri; genel özellikler ve yaratıcılık özellikleri formları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın uygulanabilmesi için, kurum izni ve katılımcılardan bireysel online yazılı onam alınmıştır. Bulgular: Eğitim materyallerinin analizi sonucunda materyallerin 16 tanesinin COVID-19 hakkında genel bilgi ve korunma tedbirleri, 3 tanesinin COVID-19 hastasının evde bakımı hakkında olup diğerlerinin ise COVID-19’da uyku hijyeni, beslenme, korku, ev içi hijyen, evde maske yapımı, dünden bugüne salgınlar ve sağlık çalışanları için koruyucu ekipman kullanımı ile ilgili olduğu görülmüştür. Eğitim materyallerinin 13 tanesi afiş, 8 tanesi broşür, 8 tanesi video, 2 tanesi 3D materyal biçiminde; 28’inin sadece görsel, 3’ünün de hem görsel hem işitsel içeriğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda hemşirelik öğrencilerinin pandemi gibi olağanüstü bir durumda genel olarak materyal hazırlama tekniklerine uygun ve yaratıcı materyaller hazırladıkları görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda; sağlık eğitimi ile ilgili olarak yeni ve farklı yöntemlerin geliştirildiği çalışmaların yapılması önerilir.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Cancer Screening Interventions Targeting Appalachian Populations: A Systematic Review.

Appalachian residents have higher cancer prevalence and invasive cancer incidence in almost all cancer types relative to non-Appalachian residents. Public health interventions have been carried out to increase preventive cancer screening participation. However, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of existing interventions targeting cancer screening uptake in this high-risk population. The main objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing uptake and/or continuing participation in screened cancers (breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate) in Appalachia. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases and gray literature using a combination of MeSH and free-text search terms related to breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer; mass screening; health promotion; and Appalachia. We identified 3,014 articles of which 15 articles were included. We assessed methodological quality using validated tools and analyzed findings using narrative synthesis. Fifteen studies reported uptake and/or continued participation in screening interventions; these focused on cervical (n = 7), colorectal (n = 5), breast (n = 2), and lung (n = 1) cancers in Appalachia. Interventions included diverse components: mass media campaigns, community outreach events, community health workers, interpersonal counseling, and educational materials. We found that multi-strategy interventions had higher screening uptake relative to interventions employing 1 intervention strategy. Studies that targeted noncompliant populations and leveraged existing community-based organization partnerships had a substantial increase in screening participation versus others. There is an urgent need for further research and implementation of effective cancer prevention and screening interventions to reduce disparities in cancer morbidity and mortality in Appalachian populations.

MobiDiabet: Mobile Telemonitoring System for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

According to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2019, approximately 416.7 million people worldwide suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic degenerative disease of long term and slow progression. This condition requires a strict follow-up by physicians and nutritionists, combined with rigorous adherence to treatment by the patient to avoid possible complications. In this context, this paper describes the analysis, design, development, and preliminary usability assessment of a telemonitoring system focused on the monitoring, control, and remote nutritional therapy of people with T2DM. The proposed system comprises two mobile web applications, one focused on the patient and another oriented to physicians and nutritionists. The central services that our system provides to the patient and health personnel are: generate risk alerts; consult food menu options; receive recommendations; consult results of the food intake frequency questionnaire; patient history management; record anthropometry of patients, and review health education material. We carry out a preliminary usability assessment of our system based on a field study with four physicians, two nutritionists, and seven patients with T2DM. Based on the obtained results, our telemonitoring system shows a satisfactory/favorable opinion in terms of usability from the users’ perspective.

Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses

ObjectivesTo assess the nature, quality and independence of scientific evidence provided in support of claims in industry-authored educational materials in oral health.DesignA content analysis of educational materials authored by the...

Standardized sputum collection increases sputum sample collection rate for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection

To evaluate the effect of standardized health education on the sputum specimen collection rate for nucleic acid detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two hundred and twenty-seven patients in fever clinics and isolation wards of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University and 307 migrant workers returning to 5 enterprises in Shanghai from February 3 to March 14, 2020 were enrolled in the study. Through clarifying the procedures of collecting sputum specimens, making graphic/video health education materials, standardizing the contents and methods of health education, we conducted education to the subjects. The subject expectorated spontaneously or with medical assistance. For patients, the number of sampling attempts and sputum acquisition times were documented before and after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method; for the returning migrant employees in the enterprises, only the number of collected samples after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method were recorded. A total of 378 sputum samples were collected from 227 patients. The sputum sampling rates before and after the implementation of health education were 40.9%and 58.4%, respectively (P<0.01). A total of 304 sputum samples were obtained from 307 enterprise returnees, with a sample collection rate of 99.0%. The education for standardized sputum sample collection method can effectively increase the sputum collection rate.

Zone Tool: Improving Self-Care and Self-Efficacy among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) mortality has increased in Egypt; consequently, comprehensive health education is necessitated. This study aimed to: develop and employ, then, evaluate the developed zone tool as a health education strategy on CKD patients’ self-care management and self-efficacy levels. A methodological design was implemented. Two hundred patients with CKD were randomly assigned as an assessment group, then, by systematic random sampling; 30% of them, were recruited as an experimental group. Three tools were used for data collection: Tool one: Patient's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Tool two: CKD Self-Management Instrument, and Tool three: Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Six-Item Scale. Results for the assessment group showed an obvious low level in self-care management and self-efficacy perceptions. After using the developed zone tool among the experimental group; the findings revealed little improvement in clinical characteristic’s values, and considerable improvement in self-care management and self-efficacy perception levels within 1st, 2nd, to 3rd assessments. Conclusion: the developed zone tool is a crucial educational approach to improve CKD patient’s self-care management, and self-efficacy perception levels. Recommendations and further studies: interdisciplinary involvement should be integrated into developing comprehensive and valid CKD health education materials. Evaluation of health education’ compliance among CKD patients is a required study.

Education intervention with respect to the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of refugee families: A randomized clinical trial of effectiveness.

ObjectivesThe study assessed the effectiveness of an oral health educational and behavioral intervention program in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of refugee families.MethodsThis randomized 2‐arms, controlled, single site, clinical trial assessed the dental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health at baseline and three times over the course of the 6 months of the intervention in recent refugee families. Participating families were educated on five topics in oral health in two 1‐hour sessions utilizing existing oral health education materials adapted to be linguistically and culturally appropriate for demonstration and instruction. Culturally competent techniques and motivational interviewing styles were also implemented during sessions. Pre/post surveys were used to assess changes to knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among refugee family participants.ResultsOut of the 66 families enrolled in the program, 52 (72 percent) completed visits over the course of 6 months. Differences between the intervention and control groups were not significant between baseline and 3 to 6 months later (P > 0.05).ConclusionsA short‐term, culturally informed oral health educational and behavioral intervention program did not improve oral health‐related knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors in a diverse group of recent refugee families.

Constructing a problem and marketing solutions: A critical content analysis of the nature and function of industry-authored oral health educational materials.

To document the nature of industry-authored educational materials focused on oral health; and analyse how they construct the relationships between nurses and industry. Nurses frequently rely on pharmaceutical and medical device companies for continuing education. However, industry-sponsored education is a key aspect of multi-faceted promotional campaigns and may introduce bias into clinical decision-making. Critical qualitative content analysis reported according to the COREQ checklist. We purposively sampled educational documents from the websites of 4 major manufacturers of oral health products for acute care. Two researchers analysed each document using an open-ended coding form. We conducted an interpretive analysis using inductive coding methods. We included 63 documents that emphasised the importance of education in the form of training, expert guidance, evidence syntheses and protocols to support oral care practices. Industry promoted its relationship with nursing as an oral health authority through three dominant messages: (1) Pneumonia is a source of morbidity, mortality and treatment costs, which informed nurses about a critical problem; (2) Comprehensive oral care reduces pneumonia risk, which instructed nurses about product-oriented solutions; and (3) Frequent oral care is important, which emphasised compliance to standardised protocols. These messages formed an accountability logic that prompted clinicians to address a problem for which the company's products served as a solution. In doing so, industry validated dominant administrative concerns including compliance, while promoting product uptake. Industry-authored educational materials may promote industry interests, rather than nursing or patient agendas. Dependence on industry's information and product solutions may have unintended, negative consequences for nursing practice. Though industry's educational materials present as convenient, helpful and evidence-based, they may serve to redirect care processes in ways that reinforce company goals rather than clinical priorities. Nurses should seek independent sources of continuing education where possible.

Rapidly scaling video visits during COVID-19: The ethos of virtual care at Yale Medicine

Lesson 1: The loosening of federal government regulations enabled the rapid scaling of telehealth, as it enabled providers to be reimbursed for video visits at the same rate as in-person services.Lesson 2: While resistance to change was the norm, the COVID-19 crisis motivated improvements to four major internal operational workflows (scheduling, appointment conversions, patient support and Virtual Rooming Assistants) for video visits, which were met with acceptance by both clinical and non-clinical staff.Lesson 3: Leveraging prior intraorganizational relationships and active collaboration between different stakeholders, helped drive rapid operational change. An ongoing centralized communication and support strategy, ensured all stakeholders were informed and engaged during these uncertain times.Lesson 4: Regular electronic health record (EHR) training and educational material increased end-user knowledge of video visits and helped ensure the visit was safe, medically effective and maintained patient-provider relationships.Lesson 5: A clearly defined intake and evaluation process to filter out technologies that do not integrate with the patient portal or the EHR, ensures operational consistency and long-term sustainability.Lesson 6: Personalized support to patients of different levels of technical literacy with using the preferred patient portal and application, was vital to its use, adoption and overall patient experience.

Development and Validation of an Educational Booklet to Improve Occupational Performance of the Primary Caregivers of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: Caring for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect their caregivers’ occupational performance in various areas such as work, rest/sleep, and social participation. Part of the rehabilitation process is educating caregivers. Primary caregivers need knowledge and information to deliver their caring role. Although face-to-face learning is useful, it can have some limitations. For example, a caregiver should refer to a specific center to receive information and interventions, which is often time-consuming and may trouble them to perform other roles, including their occupational roles. Written health education is used for complementing or strengthening verbal education and maximizing its effectiveness. These materials play an essential role in increasing knowledge, self-management, and commitment to treatment. When health professionals and health services are not available to caregivers, written health education materials can partially answer their questions and needs. It can also help reduce the costs of health care for caregivers. The present study aims to develop and validate the appearance and content of an educational booklet to improve the occupational performance of primary caregivers of individuals with MS (PCIMS). Materials &amp; Methods: This is a methodological study conducted. 1. preparing the content based on grounded theory study of PCIMS and their challenges, and then preparing an initial draft, 2. examining the face validity and content validity of the initial draft according to the opinions of 22 experts in MS, and 3. examining the face validity and content validity of the initial draft according to views of 22 PCIMS. An item-level content validity index (I-CVI) value of ≥0.78 and a scale-level content validity index/average (S-CVI/Ave) value of ≥0.9 were considered as the criteria for having acceptable validity in the second and third phases. The binomial test was also used to test the statistical reliability of the I-CVIs at a significance level of 0.05 and the expected proportion of agreement (test proportion) of 0.8. Results: The minimum I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave values for the items of a scale designed to assess the face validity and content validity of the booklet were respectively reported 0.9 and 0.97, according to the panel of experts. Also, the minimum observed proportion of agreement for items under the binomial test was obtained 0.9, which was higher than the expected proportion of agreement (0.8). I-CVIs values, S-CVI/Ave value and the observed proportion of agreement between PCIMS were equal to 1. For participating experts and PCIMS, the booklet had appropriate validity, and their comments on the appearance and content of the booklet were applied to the final version of the booklet. Conclusion: The developed educational booklet has acceptable face validity and content validity, and specialists can use it for the rehabilitation intervention of PCIMS. Further studies are recommended to investigate the effectiveness of this booklet on improving the quality of life of PCIMS.

An initiative to limit screen-time in children aged between 6 and 18 years in an urban area in Puducherry: a qualitative study.

Recently television viewing and use of computers have increased considerably and has become a necessary evil in the society. The amount of Screen Time (ST) exposure of a child largely depends on the views of their parents. Screen time among adolescents have resulted in multiple problems. To explore the perceptions of parents of children aged 6-10 years and adolescents of 11-18 years residing in an area of urban Puducherry regarding screen-time and develop health education material to decrease ST. A community-based, Qualitative study was conducted during April 2018 in Urban Puducherry. Two FGDs among the adolescents t and one FGD among the mothers of 6-10years old children to capture their perceptions on ST. The three FGD included 30 participants. The main categories that evolved among the adolescents were Benefits, barriers and influencing factors of ST and ways to reduce them. Mothers expressed their concerns regarding screen time and efforts taken to reduce it. Our study showed that curtailing ST is possible by friendly parenting.

Identifying the role of inpatient portals to support health literacy: Perspectives from patients and care team members

ObjectiveHealth literacy is a fundamental contributor to an individual’s ability to self-manage their health and appropriately use health care services. Tools that positively impact health literacy therefore have potential to improve health outcomes. Inpatient portals are a tool that provides patients an opportunity to cultivate health literacy skills during hospitalization. Our study investigated how inpatient portal use could impact attributes of health literacy. MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 132 patients and 440 care team members to learn about patients’ inpatient portal use. Interview transcripts were analyzed deductively and inductively to categorize data and understand emergent themes around health literacy. ResultsPatients and care team members identified inpatient portal functions that they perceived to positively impact health literacy. These functions included providing patients access to health information, care plans, and educational materials, as well as enabling patient communication with their care team. ConclusionRecognizing the potential of inpatient portals to improve health literacy is critical to ensure they are implemented in ways that leverage this benefit for patients. Practice ImplicationsHealth care organizations should implement inpatient portals that include features that support health literacy and encourage patients to use these portals in ways that improve their health literacy skills.

EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR E SAÚDE DOS TRABALHADORES(AS) EM TEMPOS PANDEMIA

Este artigo relata a experiência da construção de uma rede de apoio a trabalhadores(as) informais e pequenos produtores rurais, no interior do RN, durante a pandemia do Covid-19. Parte da perspectiva teórica da educação popular, delineando caminhos cuja intencionalidade é fortalecer a economia local. Assim, problematizando a realidade, são construídas estratégias conjuntas de soluções para manutenção da saúde e luta pela dignidade. Na primeira etapa, o mapeamento dos serviços foi implantado com parcerias estabelecidas (instituições e associações de trabalhadores). Na segunda etapa, foram elaborados materiais de divulgação e de educação em saúde (podcasts, mídias para instagram e a revista eletrônica), divulgados em blogs, linhas de transmissão, rede social do projeto e rádio comunitária. Essa ação tem contribuído para fortalecimento da economia local e construção de uma rede colaborativa.

ORIENTAÇÕES EM SAÚDE PARA GESTANTES E PUÉPERAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 POR MEIO DE AÇÕES DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

RESUMO&#x0D; Este trabalho objetivou apresentar um relato de experiência sobre as atividades de extensão voltadas para a produção de materiais de educação em saúde para gestantes e puérperas durante a pandemia do COVID-19, bem como destacar sua importância. A ação de extensão possibilitou a divulgação do conhecimento científico à comunidade com linguagem clara e acessível, promovendo o esclarecimento de dúvidas relacionadas à pandemia durante o período da gestação, parto e puerpério, bem como contribuindo para a redução de riscos à saúde desta população. Foram produzidos 5 materiais com o tema “Gestação e Puerpério”, sendo: 2 vídeos e 3 cartilhas. Conclui-se que as ações de extensão possibilitaram a difusão do conhecimento científico proveniente de fontes seguras e confiáveis, reafirmando o papel das universidades públicas como instituições a serviço de toda a comunidade.&#x0D; Palavras-chave: Educação em Saúde. COVID-19. Gestantes. Saúde pública. Educação da População.

농어촌 당뇨병 노인의 건강정보 문해력: 예비연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify diabetes health literacy in older adults with diabetes in Korea. Methods: A pilot survey was conducted. A total of 67 data were collected in 5 community health center branches. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 23.0 program with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test. Results: Mean score of diabetes health literacy was 29.50±14.77. Twenty respondents (29.9%) were on the lowest level, 36 (53.7%) were on 4 to 6 level, and 11 (16.4%) were on 7 to 8 level. Female, living alone, low educational level, no reading ability, having only diabetes were factors presenting lower diabetes health literacy. More than 70% of the participants responded that they did not know the medical terms on diabetes. Conclusion: Literacy-sensitive health education materials should be developed for rural old adults and community health education providers.

Enhancing the scalability of the collaborative care model for depression using mobile technology.

The collaborative care model (CoCM) has substantial support for improving behavioral health care in primary care. However, large-scale CoCM adoption relies on addressing operational and financial implementation challenges across health care settings with varying resources. An academic medical center serving socioeconomically and racially diverse patients implemented the CoCM in seven practices. A smartphone application was introduced to facilitate CoCM care management during depression treatment (app-augmented CoCM). App features included secure texting, goal/appointment reminders, symptom monitoring, and health education material. A nonrandomized convenience patient sample (N = 807) was enrolled in app-augmented CoCM and compared with patients in standard CoCM (N = 3,975). Data were collected on clinical contact frequency, engagement, and clinical outcomes. App-augmented CoCM patients received more health care team contacts (7.9 vs. 4.9, p < .001) and shorter time to follow up compared with the standard CoCM sample (mean = 11 vs. 19 days, p < .001). App-augmented CoCM patients had clinical outcomes similar to the standard CoCM group (47% vs. 46% with ≥50% depression improvement or score <10), despite app-augmented patients having more prior depression treatment episodes. Further, the app-augmented group with greater app engagement demonstrated increased behavioral health appointment compliance, including more completed appointments and fewer no shows, and greater depression symptom improvement than those with less app engagement. App-augmented CoCM may improve patient engagement in treatment and provide opportunities to implement key CoCM elements without overburdening practice resources. CoCM sustainability and scalability in primary care may be enhanced by using this technology.