Health Behavior Patterns Research Articles

A latent class analysis of health behavior changes after cancer diagnosis among Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors.

We aimed to identify subgroups of Hispanic/Latino (H/L) cancer survivors with distinct health behavior patterns and their associated sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics. Baseline data were used from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of an enhanced patient navigation intervention in H/L cancer survivors. Participants (n = 278) completed the Lifestyle Behavior Scale and validated questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), supportive care needs, distress, and satisfaction with cancer care. Latent class analysis was used to determine the latent classes and associated characteristics. Three latent classes emerged: class 1 (survivors who increased health behaviors [e.g., exercising and eating healthy] since diagnosis); class 2 (no changes in health behaviors since diagnosis); and class 3 (a "mixed class," with a higher or lower engagement across various health behaviors since diagnosis). Participants in class 1 were significantly more educated and less likely to be foreign born. Participants in class 2 were significantly older and more likely to have prostate cancer. H/L cancer survivors in class 3 had a significantly lower income, were less educated, and reported greater unmet supportive care needs, more distress, and poorer HRQOL. Survivors who report engaging in health behaviors less frequently since diagnosis may be experiencing psychosocial challenges and health disparities. Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors may benefit from screening for social determinants of health and mental health needs, prompt referral to supportive care services, community resources, and public services, and participating in culturally informed psychosocial interventions to address their unique needs.

Identifying Latent Patterns and Predictors of Health Behaviors and Healthcare Barriers among LGBT Older Adults

AbstractBackgroundHealth behaviors are multi‐dimensional and associated with various barriers to healthcare. With no previous research having investigated patterns of health behaviors in conjunction with healthcare barriers among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults, we aim to identify latent classes of the behavior and barrier patterns, to examine differences in physical and psychological health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) by the specified latent classes, and to explore predictors of the class membership.MethodThree‐step latent class analysis with survey weights was conducted using baseline data of the Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS, N = 2,450). Health behavior and healthcare barrier indicators were analyzed in four dimensions: risk‐taking behavior, health‐promoting behavior, preventive care, and healthcare barriers.ResultThe best empirical and substantive fit was determined with four classes consisting of (1) healthy behaviors and minimal barriers (C1, 39%), (2) unhealthy behaviors and high barriers (C2, 31%), (3) healthy behaviors and healthcare system barriers (C3, 19%), (4) Very healthy self‐care behaviors, low preventive care use, and moderate barriers (C4, 11%). Compared to C1, C3 had lower physical HRQOL and C2 had lower physical and psychological HRQOL. C4 did not differ in HRQOL from C1. Modifiable predictors of C2 include more day‐to‐day discrimination and lower mastery and social support.ConclusionEfforts to lower healthcare barriers are warranted in addition to interventions to strengthen social support and to reduce marginalization. Positive relationships between LGBT older adults and healthcare need to be established via trust‐building and cultural competency.

Patterns of Risky Health Behaviors and Associations With Chronic Diseases Among Young Adult Nursing Students: A Latent Class Analysis.

Little is known about how health behaviors cluster to form meaningful patterns that influence health outcomes in young adult nursing students. The purpose of this study was to identify the unique health behavior patterns among young adult nursing students in China and examine the associations between health behaviors and chronic diseases. Using an electronic app, the achievements of an exercise target, sedentary behavior, smoking and drinking, and dietary patterns were assessed in 1,480 nursing student participants aged 18-24 years from two medical universities in Eastern China. A four-class model was developed using latent class analysis that included the "failure to achieve exercise target, alcohol-drinking, and insufficient fruit and vegetable group" (Group 1, n = 187, 12.6%), the "alcohol-drinking and sedentary behavior group" (Group 2, n = 290, 19.6%), the "sedentary behavior only group" (Group 3, n = 721, 48.7%), and the "failure to achieve exercise target only group" (Group 4, n = 282, 19.1%). Logistic regressions indicated that nursing students in Group 2 (odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.42), Group 3 ( OR = 0.51), and Group 4 ( OR = 0.30) were less likely to have chronic diseases than those in Group 1 after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The health behaviors were clustered in different patterns among young adult nursing students. Tailoring interventions to specific groups is suggested to improve health outcomes.

Association between Intake of Fermented Dairy Product and Diet Quality, Health Beliefs in a Representative Sample of Polish Population

This study aimed to evaluate the association of diet quality and perception of consumption benefits with intake of fermented dairy products in a representative sample of the Polish population. The study was carried out in February 2020 and involved 2009 men and women randomly sampled from the representative Polish population stratified into two age groups (19-30 and 66-75 years). Dairy product intake was evaluated using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score. The perceived health benefit of dairy product consumption was assessed by a literature-based questionnaire. The Health Concern Scale was used to measure participants' attitudes toward health. The median intake of fermented dairy products was 0.8 portion/day (IQR: 0.4-1.6). Intake of fermented dairy products was associated with a higher MEDAS score. We observed that people with the highest intake of fermented dairy products consumed more oils, vegetables, wine, legumes, fish and seafood, sweets and pastries, nuts, had a higher preference for white meat and were more likely to report their perceived benefits to maintain body weight, reduce cardiovascular risk, and improve immune and dental health. Moreover, a high intake of fermented dairy products was positively related to paying more attention to health. Our study identified patterns of health behaviors associated with the frequent consumption of fermented dairy products. We observed that the intake of fermented dairy products is associated with better diet quality, consumer self-consciousness, and a greater attitude toward personal health.

Longitudinal health behaviour patterns among adults aged ≥50 years in China and their associations with trajectories of depressive symptoms

Objectives Against the background of the growing recognition of the need for a holistic perspective on health behaviour, we aim to identify longitudinal patterns of multiple health behaviours, and to assess associations of such patterns with depressive symptoms among older people in China. Methods Using three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data (n = 8439), we performed latent class growth analyses (LCGAs) to identify longitudinal patterns of multiple health behaviours. Random-effects models were estimated to assess associations between health behaviour patterns and depressive symptoms. Results The best fitting LCGA model had seven classes: (1) connected active non-smokers (average posterior probability: 21.8%), (2) isolated active non-smokers (24.7%), (3) isolated inactive non-smokers (17.0%), (4) isolated active smokers (14.5%), (5) connected active smokers (12.2%), (6) increasingly connected and active non-smokers (5.4%), and (7) moderately connected inactive smokers (4.4%). Depressive symptoms were highest in the four classes with lower probabilities of social participation across waves. No evidence was found of change over time in depressive symptomatology gaps between people with different health behaviour trajectories. Conclusion Health behaviour patterns characterized by consistently low social participation were associated with raised depressive symptomatology, suggesting that focusing on social participation may benefit later-life mental health promotion strategies.

A cluster analysis of health behaviours and their relationship to mental health difficulties, life satisfaction and functioning in adolescents

Research has documented relationships between individual health behaviours and mental health, but few studies have examined patterns of health behaviours (i.e., health lifestyles) and mental health outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between health lifestyles and mental health and psychological wellbeing in adolescents. Data from the My World Survey 2 - Second Level (MWS2-SL), a random national sample of 9493 adolescents (44.2% male) aged 12–18 years (M = 14.8, SD = 1.66) in second level education in Ireland were used. TwoStep cluster analysis identified clustering of health behaviours (sleep, alcohol use, cannabis use, social media use, sport and hobby participation). ANOVA and Chi Square tests identified potential differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity) and psychological outcomes (anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, daily functioning) across clusters. Three clusters were identified; 1. Low (22.0%), 2. Moderate-high (41.5%) and 3. High (36.5%), health promoting. The ‘Low’ health-promoting cluster, characterised by high alcohol, cannabis and social media use, moderate sport and hobby participation, and low sleep duration, demonstrated the highest levels of anxiety and depression and the lowest levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and daily functioning. The ‘High’ health-promoting cluster reported the most favourable psychological outcomes. Cluster 1 were more likely to be older and male, Cluster 3 were more likely to be younger and female. Findings demonstrate the potential for health promotive lifestyles to mitigate mental health difficulties and promote life satisfaction and daily functioning in adolescents. Health lifestyles represent important indicators of mental health and targets for prevention/promotion efforts.

Service design in healthcare: a segmentation-based approach

PurposeThe study aims to explore how segmentation as a methodology can be adapted to the healthcare context to provide a more nuanced understanding of the served population and to facilitate the design of patient-centric services.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on a collaborative project with a national healthcare organization following the principles of action design research. The study describes the quantitative segmentation performed during the project, followed by a qualitative interview study of how segments correspond with patient behaviors in an actual healthcare setting, and service design workshops facilitated by segments. A number of design principles are outlined based on the learnings of the project.FindingsThe segmentation approach increased understanding of patient variability within the service provider organization and was considered an effective foundation for modular service design. Patient characteristics and life circumstances were related to specific patterns of health behaviors, such as avoidance or passivity, or a persistent proactivity. These patterns influenced the patients' preferred value co-creation role and what type of support patients sought from the care provider.Practical implicationsThe proposed segmentation approach is immediately generalizable to further healthcare contexts and similar services: improved understanding of patients, vulnerable patients in particular, improves the fit and inclusivity of services.Originality/valueThe segmentation approach to service design was demonstrated to be effective in a large-scale context. The approach allows service providers to design service options that improve the fit with individual patients' needs for support and autonomy. The results illuminate how patient characteristics influence health and value co-creation behaviors.

Individual difference predictors of starting a new romantic relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic

Dramatic social changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic shifted the dating scene and the likelihood of people starting new relationships. What factors make individuals more or less likely to start a new relationship during this period? In a sample of 2285 college students (Mage = 19.36, SD = 1.44; 69.2% women; 66.7% White) collected from October 2020 to April 2021, anxiously attached and extraverted people were 10–26% more likely to start a new relationship. Avoidantly attached and conscientious people were 15–17% less likely to start a new relationship. How people pursued (or avoided) new romantic relationships closely mirrored their broader patterns of health and interpersonal behavior during the global pandemic.

Oral health attitudes and behavior among undergraduate students

IntroductionOral health behavior is based on an acquired experience and cultural traditions. University education may smooth out cultural differences in oral health practice.ObjectivesOur goal is to study self-reported oral health attitudes and behavior of university students and the cultural basis for it.MethodsWe used the English version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory to carry out an online survey of 136 university students of Morocco and Russia.ResultsOver half of the students (60.3%) do not feel anxious when visiting a dentist. Most of them take care of their gums (41.2%), teeth color (49.3%) and the degree of their cleanness (38.2%). The overwhelming majority of the students brush their each tooth very thoroughly (62.5%), they regularly examine their teeth in the mirror after brushing them (90.4%). They are well aware that tooth brushing alone cannot prevent a gum disease (63.2%), and they feel concerned about the possibility of having bad breath (73.6%). At the same time, over half of the students (61.7%) put off their visit to a dentist until they have a toothache, which is a negative behavioral factor. We did not reveal any gender or cultural differences between the students of the two countries, which can be regarded as a universalization factor of oral health behavior in young people who get higher education in universities.ConclusionsThe majority of the surveyed Russian and Moroccan university students have similar patterns of oral health attitudes and behavior. This assumption needs verification on a larger sample of students.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Dynamics of Long-Term Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Health Behaviors After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy.

PURPOSEWe aimed to characterize long-term quality of life (QOL) trajectories among patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify related patterns of health behaviors.METHODSFemale stage I-III breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in CANTO (CANcer TOxicity; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01993498) were included. Trajectories of QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–C30 Summary Score) and associations with trajectory group membership were identified by iterative estimations of group-based trajectory models and multivariable multinomial logistic regression, respectively.RESULTSFour trajectory groups were identified (N = 4,131): excellent (51.7%), very good (31.7%), deteriorating (10.0%), and poor (6.6%) QOL. The deteriorating trajectory group reported fairly good baseline QOL (mean [95% CI], 78.3/100 [76.2 to 80.5]), which significantly worsened at year-1 (58.1/100 [56.4 to 59.9]) and never recovered to pretreatment values through year-4 (61.1/100 [59.0 to 63.3]) postdiagnosis. Healthy behaviors were associated with better performing trajectory groups. Obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] v lean, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.28 to 1.79]; P < .0001) and current smoking (aOR v never, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.82]; P < .0001) at diagnosis were associated with membership to the deteriorating group, which was also characterized by a higher prevalence of patients with excess body weight and insufficient physical activity through year-4 and by frequent exposure to tobacco smoking during chemotherapy. Additional factors associated with membership to the deteriorating group included younger age (aOR, 1-year decrement 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02]; P = .043), comorbidities (aOR v no, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.40]; P = .005), lower income (aOR v wealthier households, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37]; P = .002), and endocrine therapy (aOR v no, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.30]; P = .047).CONCLUSIONThis latent-class analysis identified some patients with upfront poor QOL and a high-risk cluster with severe, persistent postchemotherapy QOL deterioration. Screening relevant patient-level characteristics may inform tailored interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of chemotherapy and preserve QOL, including early addressal of behavioral concerns and provision of healthy lifestyle support programs.

Association of Weight Perception, Body Satisfaction, and Weight Loss Intention With Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity

Obesity is a public health issue and childhood is a critical window in which to establish healthy eating patterns and modify risk factors for overweight. This study aims to verify the association of weight perception, body satisfaction, and weight loss intention with patterns of health risk behaviors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. We analyzed health risk behavior from a school-based national survey conducted in 2015 in Brazil (n = 2,703 students with overweight or obesity, aged 13–17 years). We performed latent class analysis of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical activity, screen time, and eating habits for adolescents with overweight and identified four distinct health behavior patterns. The association of these patterns with weight perception, body satisfaction, and weight loss intention was analyzed through multinomial logistic regression. Adolescents who perceived themselves as “fat” or “very fat” were more likely to have a sedentary lifestyle and low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Body satisfaction was a protective factor against sedentary lifestyle. Students who reported weight loss intention were less likely to be in high–health-risk behavior groups (low consumption of fruit and vegetables; sedentary lifestyle; tobacco and alcohol use). Self-perception as overweight had detrimental associations, while body satisfaction was a protective factor for a healthy lifestyle. Weight loss intention still requires rigorous analysis due to inconsistencies in the literature. The complexity of the relationship between body image and obesity needs to be highlighted. Multicomponent strategies are required to control the global obesity pandemic.

Внутриличностные ресурсы поведения педагога в сфере здоровья

Introduction. The article focuses on health and wellness behavior patterns of teachers as an important factor promoting a value-based attitude to health in students. The research is a comparative analysis of health behavior in teachers with different levels of intrapersonal resources. Materials and Methods. The study involved 120 teachers doing a professional development course at the Kamchatka Institute of Educational Development in 2020. The methods included Janoff-Bulman’s World Assumptions Scale (WAS) (adapted by M. A. Padun and A. V. Kotelnikova); Maddi’s Hardiness Survey (adapted by Ye. N. Osin); the subscale “Purpose in Life” of the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (adapted by N. N. Lepeshinsky). The health behavior of teachers was assessed using questionnaires and the methodology “Attitude to a Significant Life Situation” by E. Yu. Korzhova and A. V. Berdnikova. Results. The study involved two experimental groups (EG) of teachers with different levels of intrapersonal potential: EG 1 (66 people) of teachers with a high level of intrapersonal resources and EG 2 (39 people) of teachers with a lower level of resources. The groups included women of different age, work experience, educational levels and subject areas. Teachers with different levels of intrapersonal resources showed differences in behavioral patterns, e.g., sleep adequacy (φ* = 2.63**); attitude to seeking help of a psychologist (φ* = 1.8*) and significant relatives, e.g., a spouse (φ* = 3.76**); attitude regarding significant situations: acceptance (φ* = 2.33**), active participation (φ* = 2.25*), optimistic forecast (φ* = 2.78**); self-assessment of health (φ* = 3.29**); the subjective representation of somatic health, e.g., the frequency of headaches (φ* = 1.85*), etc. Conclusion. The obtained data allow to identify prevention targets as regards health. They also contribute to the solution of applied issues in the system of professional development of teachers.

Healthcare patterns among medical professionals

The article is focused on attitudes of healthcare workers towards their health. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a substantial increase in media coverage of public health-related issues, has dramatically altered many people’s normal routines and caused a shift in our collective perception of normal. In this context, examining the attitudes of health care workers toward their health becomes particularly topical as this group possesses first-hand knowledge about the pandemic and various medical subjects. We consider medical professionals as specially-trained people who possess evidence-based knowledge about our body, mental, and physical health. Since it is a challenging job that involves being in close contact with people who are sick or recovering from illness, the risks of which have been exacerbated by the pandemic, this group has privileged access to professional medical services. We conducted a quantitative sociological survey among medical professionals who work for the Moscow Health Care System. This research allows us to analyze patterns of health care utilization and health behavior among health care workers and the correlation between their attitudes and perceptions of the problem and the actual patterns of their behavior. This paper aims to answer the following question: how do the level of medical knowledge and privileged access to a wide range of health care services and resources affect the attitudes toward one’s own health that are common among the so-called expert groups?

Clustering of Modifiable Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality in Taiwan’s Adult Population: a Latent Class Analysis

BackgroundModifiable risk behaviors, such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleep, are known to impact health. This study aims toward identifying latent classes of unhealthy lifestyle behavior, exploring the correlations between sociodemographic factors, identifying classes, and further assessing the associations between identified latent classes and all-cause mortality.MethodsFor this study, the data were obtained from a prospective cohort study in Taiwan. The participants’ self-reported demographic and behavioral characteristics (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and sleep) were used. Latent class analysis was used to identify health-behavior patterns, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to find the association between the latent class of health-behavior and all-cause mortality.ResultsA complete dataset was obtained from 290,279 participants with a mean age of 40 (12.4). Seven latent classes were identified, characterized as having a 100% likelihood of at least one unhealthy behavior coupled with the probability of having the other four unhealthy risk behaviors. This study also shows that latent health-behavior classes are associated with mortality, suggesting that they are representative of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it appeared that multiple risk behaviors were more prevalent in younger men and individuals with low socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThere was a clear clustering pattern of modifiable risk behaviors among the adults under consideration, where the risk of mortality increased with increases in unhealthy behavior. Our findings can be used to design customized disease prevention programs targeting specific populations and corresponding profiles identified in the latent class analysis.

Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sedentary and Sleeping Habits of Polish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Pandemic and WHO's Recommendations: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a significant decrease in physical activity, an increase in sedentary behavior, and thus also such things as screen time or a change in health behavior patterns. The survey aimed to compare levels of physical activity, screen time, hours spent sitting and sleeping time among Polish children aged 3–5 years of age before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We identified 3000 respondents under five years of age, at Polish kindergartens. The questionnaire consists of 62 questions according to the recommendations of health behavior in school-aged children. The questionnaire was completed by the parents of these children. Results: Only 30.77% of children complied with WHO criteria before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the percentage of children meeting the recommendations for physical activity decreased even more. Children spent much more time in a sitting position before the restrictions. The children slept as recommended 10–13 h a day, and the pandemic caused an increase in sleep duration of 10–18%. Most children had a limited time allowed for the use of electronic devices already before the pandemic, but during the pandemic the results negatively decreased by 71.54%. Conclusions: The results clearly indicate decreased physical activity and increased screen time. It is also crucial to develop recommendations for prevention management strategies of sedentary lifestyles in the youngest group.

Clustering of health behaviours and association with sociodemographic factors among adults in Japan

Abstract Background Health behaviours (HBs) commonly co-occur, acting synergistically. Little is known about the clustering of HBs in the Japanese population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clusters of HB patterns and sociodemographic factors related to the clusters in the Japanese population. Methods Data used in this study was obtained from the Japanese and Keio Household Panel Surveys. The responses of 1,554 questionnaires (aged 27 − 65 years) were analysed. The surveys probed HBs (alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetable and fruit consumption, breakfast consumption habits, and physical activity) and sociodemographic characteristics. Latent class analysis was used to identify the clusters, and latent regression was used to investigate sociodemographic characteristics related to the clusters by gender. Results Two HB clusters were identified: ‘inactive, moderately healthy' and ‘inactive, high alcohol consumption, poor nutrition'. Age in the 60s indicated significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) of the ‘inactive, moderately healthy' cluster in men and women [OR = 1.820, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.109 − 2.985, p = 0.018; OR = 3.865, CI = 1.830 − 8.163, p = 0.000]. In men, living with families and higher education levels indicated significantly higher ORs of the ‘inactive, moderately healthy' cluster (OR = 1.812, CI = 1.078 − 3.047, p = 0.025; OR = 2.236, CI = 1.698 − 2.943, p = 0.000). In women, being married, higher socioeconomic status, and higher education levels indicated significantly higher ORs of the ‘inactive, moderately healthy' cluster (OR = 2.097, CI = 1.309 − 3.359, p = 0.002; OR = 2.068, CI = 1.092 − 3.917, p = 0.026; OR = 2.516, CI = 1.563 − 4.051, p = 0.000). Conclusions Policymakers must recognise HB clusters unique to Japanese adults and have to build effective strategies based on understanding gender differences and similarities in sociodemographic factors associated with HB clusters. Key messages Interventions for multiple HB simultaneously should be designed and developed. Health behavior patterns have to be clarified for targeting population when interventions are built.

Mental Health and Work-Related Behaviors in Management of Work Requirements of University Lecturers in Ukraine-An Age Group Comparison.

Background: There are only a few national and international studies on the health of third-level professor lecturers at universities and colleges. Work-related diseases are important and relevant for occupational medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the mental health and work-related behavior and experience patterns of Ukrainian university lecturers in age group comparisons. Methods: Data were collected from 81 Ukrainian university lecturers (General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Questionnaire on Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM)). The university lecturers were split into 4 age groups. Results: 9.9% of higher education lecturers reported impaired mental health (GHQ-12). In all, 64.8% of the total sample showed AVEM risk patterns. There were differences in age groups (third age group scoring lower than the first age group on the GHQ total score). The first age group had significantly lower opinions of the subjective importance of work on their personal lives compared to the third and fourth age group, while the second age group had significantly lower opinions compared to the fourth age group. All individuals with impaired mental health in GHQ-12 had AVEM risk patterns. Conclusions: These results offer novel insights into the health of Ukrainian university lecturers. Occupational healthcare practitioners should take them into consideration in order to initiate appropriate interventions.

Medication adherence among emerging adults: the influence of provider communication and patient personality

ABSTRACT Identifying factors associated with medication adherence among emerging adults (EA) is critical, given their elevated risk for nonadherence and because health behavior patterns during this developmental period persist into adulthood. Patient-healthcare provider communication and patient personality traits correlate with adherence in adult samples, but the independent and interactive influences of these factors on EA adherence are understudied. This study examined the individual and interactive influences of patient-provider communication and patient personality on EA’s medication adherence and adherence barriers in a sample of 399 EA with and without chronic health conditions. Participants (75% female, 77% White) completed questionnaires assessing study constructs (i.e., EA demographics, provider communication, EA personality) and reported on adherence and adherence barriers for recently prescribed medications (43% reported on a new prescription, 70% of the prescriptions were for long-term medications). Provider communication was associated with higher adherence (BCa CI [.032, .260]) and fewer adherence barriers (BCa CI [−.250, −.035]). Extraversion moderated the association between communication and adherence (BCa CI [−10.44, −2.18]) such that individuals with low and average levels of extraversion benefited more from provider communication. Results expand knowledge of factors related to EA adherence and highlight the value of evaluating more complex models of patient and provider influences on adherence.

Daily Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Alcohol Use in At-Risk College Students.

The college years present an opportunity to establish health behavior patterns that can track across adulthood. Health behaviors tend to cluster synergistically however, physical activity and alcohol have shown a positive association. This study applied a multi-method approach to estimate between- and within-person associations between daily physical activity, sedentary behavior and alcohol use among polysubstance-using college students. Participants were screened for recent binge drinking and either tobacco or cannabis use. They wore an activPAL4 activity monitor and a Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor continuously in the field for 11 days, and completed daily online questionnaires at the beginning of each day to report previous day physical activity, sedentary behavior, and alcohol consumption. Participants (N = 58, Mage = 20.5 years, 59% women, 69% White) reported meeting national aerobic physical activity guidelines (75%) and drinking 2-4 times in the past month (72%). On days when participants reported an hour more than usual of daily sedentary behavior, they reported drinking for less time than usual (γ = -.06). On days when participants took 1,000 more steps than usual, the longest episode of continuous transdermal alcohol detection was shorter (γ = -.03). Daily physical activity and sedentary behavior were negatively associated with time-based measures of alcohol use with the lowest risk on days characterized by both activity and sedentary behavior. Intensive longitudinal monitoring of time-based processes can provide new insights into risk in multiple behavior change and should be prioritized for future work.

Assessment of physical and mental well-being among students of Bangladesh during COVID-19 Pandemic

The outburst of COVID-19 influenced the lives of all segment of society as people were requested to self-quarantine in their homes to stop the outspread of the virus. The lockdown had consequential impacts on mental health, triggering psychological problems encompassing frustration, stress, and depression. The outbreak of Covid-19 has significantly affected the lives of all parts of the society. One of the most instant changes launched was the closure of educational institutions to decelerate the spreading of the virus. Students no longer had availability of institution-based physical activities such as physical education, recess, and walking to/from universities/colleges/school. Inadequate physical activities and enormous sedentary behavior amid students exhibits a noteworthy problem because health behavior patterns can result in heightened risk for a number of hazardous health conditions (e.g., overweight/obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) in later. The objective of this study was to explore the pervasiveness of physical and mental health condition among Bangladeshi students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also focuses on recognizing the stimulus of various states of physical and mental conditions throughout COVID-19 pandemic. The cross sectional data was gathered by means of interviews or self-responses among the university students from various districts of Bangladesh on July to August 2020. The study was performed with structured questionnaire. To reduce threats of Covid-19 infection, in this investigation, participants were interviewed over telephone instead of face to face interaction. In order to explore the effects of this pandemic on the lives of students, we performed a survey in which a total of 576 participants were participated. In this survey, among them 377 (66%) are male and 197 (34%) female. It was discovered that 92% of participants appreciate participating in physical activities &amp; rest of them (8%) don’t like to participate in physical activities. In addition, our study also revealed 46% of the students having trouble in sleep and 45% students feels concentration problem. The findings of this study show that greater numbers of the students are not in sound physical or mental conditions. They are bored, helpless, anxious and depressed than previous. This study shows that the mental conditions of female students are more affected by Covid-19 compared to male students. 82% of female students are stressed about their study, future life and so on. 46% female students are feeling helpless, 61% become upset and 60% feel bored during lockdown and close of education institution. COVID-19 is striking threat both on physical and mental health since its outbreak. During this challenging time, it is necessary to continue taking care of physical and mental health.